Supporting the 2SLGBTQ+ Community: Equity & Inclusion Toolkit
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Supporting the 2SLGBTQ+ Community: Equity & Inclusion Toolkit Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police This CACP Resource Document was created with the support of the Edmonton Police Service. It is freely available to use to support members of the 2SLGBTQ+ Community. This, and other resources can be found at https://cacp.ca/equity-diversity-inclusion.html. Primary Contributor: Matthew Cheung (Edmonton Police Service) December 2020 CACP — Supporting the LGBTQ2S+ Community: Equity & Inclusion Toolkit 1 CACP - 2SLGBTQ2S+ Equity and Inclusion Toolkit: Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 1. Introduction 4 1.1 Message from the CACP 4 1.2 Rationale and Intended Use of Toolkit 6 2. Primer: Understanding the 2SLGBTQ+ Community 7 2.1. SOGIE (Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity & Expression) 7 2.1.1. Terminology and Themes 7 2.1.2. Pronouns 14 2.1.3. Coming Out 17 2.2. Canadian History 19 2.2.1. The Significance of Pride: From Criminality to Celebration 19 2.3. 2SLGBTQ+ Victimization 23 2.3.1. Minority Stress 23 2.3.2. Heteronormativity and Cisnormativity 26 2.4. Understanding Diversity and Inclusion 29 2.4.1. Intersectionality 29 2.4.2. Equity vs. Equality 32 3. Reconciliation: Building Competence and Credibility 34 3.1. 2SLGBTQ+ Inclusion Framework - Policy, Procedures, Practices 34 3.1.1. Using an Intersectional Lens through Gender-Based Analysis Plus (GBA+) 34 3.1.2. Recruitment and Retention 36 3.1.3. Inclusive Language and Communication Guide 42 CACP — Supporting the LGBTQ2S+ Community: Equity & Inclusion Toolkit 2 3.2. Community Relations and Engagement 45 3.2.1. Consultation Process 45 3.2.2. Allyship 47 3.3. Organizational Training: Design and Delivery 49 3.3.1. Curriculum and Training Standards 49 4. The Apology Process 52 4.1. Building a Sustainable Relationship 52 4.1.1. Setting up for Success 53 4.1.2. Self-Audit Checklist 56 5. Appendix 58 5.1. (Non-Comprehensive) Glossary of Terms 58 5.2. Works Referenced 63 5.3. Acknowledgements 67 CACP — Supporting the LGBTQ2S+ Community: Equity & Inclusion Toolkit 3 1. Introduction 1.1 Message from the CACP It is critical for all Canadian police services to show support to Two-Spirit, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Transgender, and Queer (2SLGBTQ+) members within communities and organizations across Canada. We must stand together against homophobia, transphobia, and any other kind of marginalization, shaming, disrespect or hate. In 2019, the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police (CACP) identified equity, diversity and inclusion as one of nine national strategic policing priorities thereby formalizing our commitment to improving representation at all levels within our police services and to be more reflective of, and responsive to, the communities we serve. This priority is an acknowledgement of the universal rights and freedoms of all Canadians to live free and safe without discrimination, regardless of race, colour, religion, sex, gender or any other identity or status. To ensure the national strategic priority would be translated into tangible and practical actions, the CACP created the Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee with a mandate to support efforts to create and enhance police practices that promote fairness, equity and inclusion through the identification, mitigation and elimination of the impact of implicit bias and discrimination in practices and policies that may support systemic barriers, and to promote the advancement of diversity within policing institutions. Police have an obligation and a duty to uphold the law and a responsibility to create and support safe communities for every Canadian. At times, we have failed in our obligations and have made decisions and purposely taken positions that have harmed the very people we are sworn to protect. When this occurs, it is essential that we acknowledge our mistakes, that we apologize for any wrongdoings, and that we follow up with concrete actions to address these issues. This equity and inclusion toolkit is one example of the type of resources the CACP is producing to help facilitate and support the development and implementation of initiatives that lead to genuine and long-lasting positive change and healthy relationships. This toolkit was specifically designed to help all police services in Canada develop, maintain or improve relationships with the 2SLGBTQ+ communities in their respective region. We encourage all Canadian police services to use this resource to better understand the 2SLGBTQ+ community, to build competence and credibility in support of reconciliation and, where appropriate, to issue a meaningful apology. CACP — Supporting the LGBTQ2S+ Community: Equity & Inclusion Toolkit 4 It is essential for police organizations to recognize the impact of their words and actions. While we have improved to better practice and uphold principles of equity, diversity and human rights, there is still much work to be done and the CACP is working hard to support police organizations across the country in their efforts to champion the systemic changes that need to be made to create an inclusive and equitable society for all. Deputy Chief Roger Wilkie & Suelyn Knight Co-chairs of the CACP Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee CACP — Supporting the LGBTQ2S+ Community: Equity & Inclusion Toolkit 5 1.2 Rationale and Intended Use of Toolkit In the late 1960s, a decision made by the federal government led to the decriminalization of homosexuality with the passage of the Canadian Law Amendment Act. Despite this, police organizations across the country actively opposed this change, and continued to criminalize the 2SLGBTQ+ Community, consequently upholding discrimination and denying the right to protection and safety for many 2SLGBTQ+ Canadians. This continued mistreatment has contributed to the historical trauma experienced by members of the 2SLGBTQ+ Community, causing Canadian queer citizens to feel stigmatized and unfairly targeted as a result of their sexuality or gender. It has even resulted in some 2SLGBTQ+ Canadians being apprehensive to contact the police for help, for fear of further escalation and making matters worse. While police services across Canada have improved to better practice and uphold principles of equity, diversity, and human rights, it is essential for police organizations to recognize the impact of their actions, and thereby take the steps necessary to reconcile their damaged relationship with the 2SLGBTQ+ Community. This process begins with an apology. This toolkit was created to assist Canadian police services to deliver a meaningful apology to their local 2SLGBTQ+ Communities through a curation of guidelines, recommendations, and other best practices to utilize in their own reconciliation process. The document first begins with a foundational overview of essential topics related to sexual orientation and gender, as well as a review of Canadian queer history and trauma, specific to the role of those working in police today. Ways to promote community engagement and effective allyship are also explored. The toolkit finishes off with an overview of key steps and strategies for police organizations going through the reconciliation process to initiate an effective, yet meaningful apology. CACP — Supporting the LGBTQ2S+ Community: Equity & Inclusion Toolkit 6 2. Primer: Understanding the 2SLGBTQ+ Community The primer outlines the foundations of understanding the 2SLGBTQ+ Community and reviews foundational concepts regarding what it means to be sexual and gender diverse, Canadian queer history, victimization, as well as key principles of diversity and inclusion. This section will also emphasize the importance of using the correct language as part of building rapport with members of the 2SLGBTQ+ Community. 2.1. SOGIE (Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity & Expression) To better understand the experiences of 2SLGBTQ+ individuals, it is important to review the common themes and language used within the community, as well as the implications of coming out. 2.1.1. Terminology and Themes The 2SLGBTQ+ acronym is commonly used to encompass a broad spectrum of identities related to sexuality and gender. In most contexts, it includes those who are two-spirit lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, queer, two-spirit, and the plus sign (+), which encompasses other identities that are not immediately listed in the acronym. 2 S L G B T Q + Two Spirit Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer or Plus Questioning (and more) Since many efforts today are focused on inclusivity, there are different iterations of the acronym that change depending on who the intended audience is and the context. While there are many variations, all of the initialisms serve to function as an umbrella term for sexuality and gender identity and there is no immediate consensus on which acronym to use. Variants of the acronym typically depend on preferences, rather than political differences within the community. To better understand some of the terminology used within the 2SLGBTQ+ Community, it may be helpful to think of the acronym to reference distinct aspects that affect the human experience: gender (identity; expression), and sexual orientation. ● Gender Identity relates to a person’s internal and individual experience and understanding of themselves as a man, woman, both, neither, or anywhere along the gender spectrum. ● Gender Expression involves how an individual presents their gender (typically as masculine or feminine) within a social context, typically through their actions, dress, and demeanor. CACP — Supporting the