DOCSLIB.ORG

Africa and Its Diaspora in America Since 1900, Continuity and Change1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Africa and Its Diaspora in America Since 1900, Continuity and Change1 African and Asian Studies A A S African and Asian Studies 7 (2008) 259-288 www.brill.nl/aas A Matter of Identity: Africa and Its Diaspora in America Since 1900, Continuity and Change1 Godfrey N. Uzoigwe, D. Phil., Oxon Professor of History, 203 Williamsburg Drive, Starkville, MS 39759, USA E-Mail: [email protected] Abstract Using Africa and its Diaspora in America as a paradigm, this article looks at the triple manifesta- tions of consciousness in the dialectic of relationships between the two groups since 1900, and notices both continuity and change that can be traced back to the 1700s. In Africa, this con- sciousness is reflected in the conflicting demands of continental Pan-Africanism or Mega-Nation- alism, Racial or Black Pan-Africanism (in a multi-racial continent), and Mezzo-nationalism of the continent’s present multi-nation states. In America it also has always had three faces (and not two as DuBois said) – American, Black-American and African. Studying these complex relationships that often contradicted one another and cut across class and ideological lines is a difficult and frustrating task. Th e article therefore suggests that a more rewarding effort is to focus attention on such issues as cultivating mutual respect, stressing common historico-cultral heritage, empha- sizing economic cooperation, and putting in place coordinated, effective political action between the groups that hopefully will lead to their solidarity and empowerment in the 21st century. Th e African Union should assume the initiative of constructing a more relevant and realistic Pan- African ideology based along the lines sketched above to achieve this goal. To start with, however, it must first publicly express, on behalf of Africa, remorse and apologise to the descendants of enslaved Africans wherever they may be for African participation, to whatever degree, in the Saharan, East African, and trans-Atlantic slave trade. Keywords Pan-Africanism, diaspora; organization of the African Unity; African Union 1 Th e issues raised in this article are a synthesis of papers I have delivered in the last decade at conferences held respectively at California State University, Sacramento under the auspices of the Center for African Peace and Coalition (1997, 1999); Lincoln University, Pennsylvania under the auspices of the Global Studies Institute (March, 2001); and the 44th Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association held at Houston, Texas (November, 2001). To these institutions, the African Studies Association and the participants at these conferences and meetings I extend grateful thanks for their comments and suggestions. I thank also Dr. Stephen Middleton, Direc- tor of the African-American Studies Program at Mississippi State University, who read a draft of this paper and provided some insights. I wish, finally, to express my appreciation to the anony- mous reviewers from the African and Asian Studies for their helpful suggestions. © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2008 DOI: 10.1163/156921008X318718 260 G. N. Uzoigwe / African and Asian Studies 7 (2008) 259-288 Introduction Every student of Africa and its Diaspora is familiar with the chequered history of the Pan-African Movement as well as the epistemological problems associ- ated with the Pan-African ideology.2 Th e article focuses, nevertheless, on the historical and dialectical relationships between Africans on the continent and the people of African descent in the United States of America (henceforth America) since 1900, as well as on the construction of a more relevant Pan- African ideology for the 21st century. Although the African Diaspora has global dimensions, as has been well demonstrated,3 it is only in the United States, and to some extent in the West Indies, that people of African descent presently have become a very distinctive potent, political, economic and social force. As indeed it has rightly been pointed out, “Th e very concept of Diaspora was essentially linked in the minds of many, and certainly. to Africans in the United States and the Caribbean.”4 2 Many of these issues are discussed and expanded in Joseph E. Harris, ed. Global Dimensions of the African Diaspora. Washington, D.C: Howard University Press, 1992. Cf. American Society of African Culture, Pan-Africanism Reconsidered. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962; J. Ayodele Langley, Pan-Africanism and Nationalism in West Africa, 1900-1945: A Study in Ideol- ogy and Social Classes. London: Oxford University Press, 1973; Langley ed., Ideologies of Libera- tion in Black Africa, 1856-1970: Documents on Modern African Political Th ought from Colonial Times to the Present. London: Rex Collings, 1979; Ali A. Mazrui, Towards a Pax Africana: A Study of Ideology and Ambition. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1967; George Shepperson, “Th e African Abroad or the African Diaspora” in T. O. Ranger ed., Emerging Th emes of African History. London: Heinemann, 1968; Immanuel Geis, Th e Pan-African Movement: A History of Pan- Africanism in America, Europe and Africa translated by Ann Keys. New York: Africana Publishing Company, 1974; P.O. Esedebe, “Origins and Meanings of Pan-Africanism”, Presence Africaine, 73(1970); Esedebe, Pan-Africanism: Th e Idea and the Movement, 1776-1963. Washington, D.C: Howard University Press, 1982; Vincent Bakpetu Th ompson, Th e Making of the African Dias- pora in the Americas 1441-1900. London: Longman, 1987. 3 See reference 2 above; cf. J. Green, Black Edwardians: Black People in Britain 1901-1914. London: Frank Cass, 1998; H. Adi and M. Sherwood, Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora since 1787. London: Routledge, 2003; Adi, West Africans in Britain – Nationalism, Pan-Africanism and Communism, 1900-1960. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1998; Joseph E. Harris, Th e African Presence in Asia; Consequences of the East African Slave Trade. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 1971; Carlos Moore et al. editors, African presence in the Americas, a publication of the African Heritage Foundation. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1995; Molefi Asante, Afrocentricity. Buffalo: Amulefi Publishing Company, 1980. 4 Abdias Do Nascimento, “Th e African Experience in Brazil”, in Carlos Moore et al. editors, African Presence in the Americas. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1995, 97. Not even in Brazil that contains the second largest black population in the World (the first is Nigeria and the third is America) do blacks constitute such a force. Th e conservative estimate, certainly the official figure of the Brazilian government, is that the black population in 1980, both pretos (blacks) and pardos (mulattoes), was 44.34% of the total, an impressive percentage. Nascimento claims, despite the deliberate effort of the Brazilian government over the years, not only to encourage .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • O QUILOMBISMO Abdias Do Nascimento Este Livro Destina-Se Ao Uso Exclusivo De Deficientes Visuais, Não Podendo Ser Copiado Ou Ut
    O QUILOMBISMO Abdias do Nascimento Este livro destina-se ao uso exclusivo de deficientes visuais, não podendo ser copiado ou utilizado com quaisquer fins lucrativos. Ignorar essa advertência significa violar a lei nº 9610, de 19 de fevereiro de 1998, que regulamenta os direitos autorais no Brasil. O QUILOMBISMO Documentos de uma militância pan-africanista Livros do mesmo autor: Sortilégio (Mistério Negro). Rio de Janeiro: Teatro Experimental do Negro. 1960. Dramas para Negros e Prólogo para Brancos (antologia de teatro negro-brasileiro) Rio de Janeiro: Teatro Experimental do Negro. 1961. Teatro Experimental do Negro-Testemunhos. Rio de Janeiro: GRD. 1966. O Negro Revoltado. Rio de Janeiro: GRD. 1968. "Racial Democracy" in Brazil: Myth or Reality?, traduzido por Elisa Larkin Nascimento. Ibadan: Sketch Publishing Co. 1977. O Genocídio do Negro Brasileiro - Processo de um Racismo Mascarado. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra. 1978. Sortilege (Black Mystery) traduzido por Peter Lownds. Chicago: Third World Press 1978. Mixture or Massacre? Essays in the genocide of a Black People, traduzido por Elisa Larkin Nascimento. Buffalo: Afrodiaspora. 1979. 1980, Abdias do Nascimento Direitos de publicação: Editora Vozes Ltda. Rua Frei Luís, 100 25600 Petrópolis – RJ Brasil Diagramação Beatriz Salgueiro Em memória dos 300 milhões de africanos assassinados por escravistas, invasores, opressores, racistas, estupradores, saqueadores, torturadores e supremacistas brancos; Dedico este livro aos jovens negros do Brasil e do mundo, na esperanca de que continuem a
    [Show full text]
  • Abdias Nascimento E O Surgimento De Um Pan-Africanismo Contemporâneo Global Moore, Carlos Wedderburn
    Abdias Nascimento e o surgimento de um pan-africanismo contemporâneo global Moore, Carlos Wedderburn Meu primeiro encontro com Abdias do Nascimento, amigo e companheiro intelectual há quatro décadas, aconteceu em Havana, em 1961, quando a revolução cubana ainda não havia completado três anos de existência. Eu tinha 19 anos, Abdias, 47. Para mim, esse encontro significou o descobrimento do mundo negro da América Latina. Para ele, essa visita a Cuba abria uma interrogação quanto aos métodos que se deveriam empregar para vencer quatro séculos de racismo surgido da escravidão. E se me atrevo a prefaciar este primeiro volume de suas Obras, é apenas porque no tempo dessa nossa longa e intensa amizade forjou-se uma parceria política na qual invariavelmente participamos de ações conjuntas no Caribe, na América do Norte e no Continente Africano. As duas obras aqui apresentadas tratam de eventos acontecidos no período de seu exílio político (1968-1981) e dos quais fui testemunha. É, portanto, a partir dessa posição de amigo, de companheiro intelectual e de testemunha que prefacio este volume, sabendo que deste modo assumo uma pesada responsabilidade crítica tanto para com os meus contemporâneos quanto em relação às gerações vindouras. Duas obras compõem este volume. O traço que as une é o fato de os acontecimentos narrados com precisão de jornalista em Sitiado em Lagos decorrerem diretamente das colocações políticas e da leitura sócio-histórica sobre a natureza da questão racial no Brasil que se encontram sintetizadas em O genocídio do negro brasileiro. Essas obras foram escritas da forma que caracteriza o discurso "nascimentista" - de modo direto, didático, e num tom forte, à maneira de um grito.
    [Show full text]
  • II Seminário Sankofa “Descolonização E Racismo: Atualidade E Crítica” “Abdias Do Nascimento: Aspectos H
    Sankofa. Revista de História da África e de Estudos da Diáspora Africana Ano IV, Nº 8, Dezembro/2011 Dossiê – II Seminário Sankofa “Descolonização e Racismo: atualidade e crítica” “Abdias do Nascimento: Aspectos Históricos de um Militante Negro” 1 Eduardo Januário 2 1. Introdução. O objetivo desta apresentação é recordar os aspectos históricos da militância de Abdias do Nascimento, abarcando o contexto nacional e internacional. As fontes utilizadas foram dois livros publicados por Abdias: Genocídio do Negro Brasileiro e Quilombismo, documentos de uma militância Pan-africanista . A ideia é identificar por meio dos relatos escritos por ele, as relações e os diálogos raciais da década de 1970 que, por sua vez, revelam o lugar histórico 3 que condicionou suas próprias reivindicações. Afinal, as questões por ele discutidas e levantadas ainda ecoam fortemente nas pautas de reivindicações do Movimento Negro Contemporâneo –sobretudo, as políticas de ações afirmativas. 2. Aspectos históricos. As reivindicações contra o escravismo e a exploração do negro tiveram início, em escala institucional mais abrangente, no começo do século XX, com o Pan-Africanismo. Este movimento tinha como principal característica a denúncia do extermínio do povo africano e seus descendentes no mundo, propondo “a unificação do continente africano e a aliança concreta e progressiva com uma diáspora unida” 4; destacaram-se como militantes históricos, entre outros: Sylvester Willliams, W.E.B. Du Bois e Marcus Garvey. No pós-2ª. Guerra Mundial, o processo de descolonização acirrou o posicionamento anti-colonialista de militantes 1 Uma pequena parte desta comunicação foi publicada também no artigo denominado “Trajetória do Militante Negro” na edição Militantes da Revista Mouro – Dezembro /2012.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ancient Kemetic Worldview and Self-Liberation: Mdw Ntr and Seeing with Sia
    THE ANCIENT KEMETIC WORLDVIEW AND SELF-LIBERATION: MDW NTR AND SEEING WITH SIA A Thesis Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS by Stephanie Joy Tisdale May 2013 Thesis Approval: Dr. Iyelli Ichile, African American Studies, Thesis Advisor © Copyright 2013 by Stephanie Joy Tisdale All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT As the direct descendants of the first human beings, African people are the supreme witnesses of Creation itself, and senior authorities regarding the earthly Creations. African people bear supreme witness to humanity, and the most effective methods of being human: the biology and chemistry of life, the physiological and metaphysical aspects of earthly existence, and the science of the cosmic Creations—observing all that is above and what exists there, beyond the sky. By definition humanity is African: the first human beings were African and the first defining innovations of humanity were birthed in Africa. Since history is necessarily a study of the origins of humanity, and the first humans were African, history then must initiate at the emergence of humankind, which took place in Africa. The records left and maintained by the oldest humans on earth—written, memorized, or otherwise—provide amazing clues as to the initial Creation and subsequent development of humankind. As each successive generation works to strengthen the collective memory of their own people’s past before conquer, the struggle to remember memories and to keep traditions intact becomes even more evident. As with every epic turn of events, the conquered are forced to decide if they will remain as such or not.
    [Show full text]
  • Africa’ Within the Diaspora: the Significance of the Relationship Between Haiti and Free Africans of Philadelphia Following the Haitian Revolution
    LOCATING ‘AFRICA’ WITHIN THE DIASPORA: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HAITI AND FREE AFRICANS OF PHILADELPHIA FOLLOWING THE HAITIAN REVOLUTION A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Maria Ifetayo Flannery May, 2016 Examining Committee Members: Molefi Kete Asante, Advisory Chair, Africology & African America Studies Kimani Nehusi, Africology & African American Studies Benjamin Talton, History Diane Turner, External Member, Charles L. Blockson Afro-American Collection i © Copyright 2016 by Maria Ifetayo Flannery All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to produce an Africological model that lends attention to epistemological questions in African diaspora research through theoretical and culturally based analysis, ultimately to aid the historical and psychological restoration of Africans in diaspora. This work reflects the theoretical and historic stream of scholarship that centers geographic Africa as the adhesive principle of study in shaping and understanding the cultural and political ally-ship between different African diasporic communities. My aim is to illustrate what Africa represents in diaspora and how it was shaped in the conscious minds and actions of early Africans in diaspora from their own vantage point. Secondly, through a case study of the intra-diasporic relationship between Haiti and free Africans of Philadelphia following the Haitian Revolution, this work lays precedence for the expansion of an African diasporic consciousness. The significance of the intra-diasporic relationship is in the mutual recognition that Haitians and Africans in North America considered themselves a common people. Moreover, they developed an international relationship during the early 19th century to serve their mutual interest in African freedom and autonomous development despite Western expansion.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction 1. Among Many Examples Are: Pérez Jr., Cuba in the American Imagination, Also His on Becoming Cuban: Identity
    Notes Introduction 1. Among many examples are: Pérez Jr., Cuba in the American Imagination, also his On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality and Culture, and Cuba and the United States: Ties of Singular Intimacy; Schoultz, That Infernal Little Cuban Republic; Morley, McGillion, and Kirk, eds., Cuba, the United States, and the Post–Cold War World; Morley, Imperial State and Revolution: The United States and Cuba, 1952–1986; Pérez-Stable, The United States and Cuba: Intimate Enemies; Franklin, Cuba and the United States; and Morales Domínguez, and Prevost, United States–Cuban Relations. 2. Ó Tuathail, “Thinking Critically about Geopolitics,” 1. 3. This notion corresponds with philosopher Paul Ricoeur’s theory that human actions, just like works of literature, “display a sense as well as a reference.” Hermeneutics and the Human Sciences, 16. In other words, the coexistence of internal and external systems of logic facili- tates both interpretation and explanation. 4. Ibid. 5. Throughout this work, the term africanía defines both an essential quality of Africanness as well as the accumulation of cultural reposi- tories (linguistic, religious, artistic, and so on) in which the African dimension resides. 6. On the other hand, several shorter analyses were published in the form of essays and journal articles. A few worth mentioning are: Casal, “Race Relations in Contemporary Cuba;” Taylor, “Revolution, Race and Some Aspects of Foreign Relations;” and the oft-cited contribu- tion from David Booth, “Cuba, Color and Revolution.” 7. Butterworth, The People of Buena Ventura, xxi–xxii. 8. Marti, Nuestra America, 38. 9. Martí, “Mi Raza,” 299. 10. Ibid., 298. 11. Guillén, “Sóngoro cosongo,” 114.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 104 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 104 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION Vol. 142 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 6, 1996 No. 29 House of Representatives The House met at 11 a.m. Mr. TRAFICANT led the Pledge of required that he remove those sections The Chaplain, Rev. James David Allegiance as follows: of the Palestine National Covenant Ford, D.D., offered the following pray- I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the Unit- which call for the destruction of Israel. er: ed States of America, and to the Republic for Until such time as Arafat lives up to Your goodness to us, O God, is be- which it stands, one nation under God, indi- those agreements he has signed and yond our measure and Your grace to us visible, with liberty and justice for all. eliminates Hamas from areas for which is not restrained. In spite of missing f he bears responsibility, the United the mark and seeing too much our own MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE States should know that there is little way, You allow your blessings to flow A message from the Senate by Mr. good in negotiating with him. and Your mercies never to cease. We Lundregan, one of its clerks, an- f pray that this day we will open our nounced that the Senate agrees to the hearts and minds to the daily gifts of report of the committee of conference HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE faith and hope and love and pray that on the disagreeing votes of the two (Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Fela, De Carlos Moore: Narrativas De Um Abiku
    FELA, DE CARLOS MOORE: NARRATIVAS DE UM ABIKU Gustavo Oliveira Bicalho* * [email protected] Mestre em Estudos Literários (PÓS-LIT/UFMG). RESUMO: Este artigo busca fazer um estudo do livro Fela. ABSTRACT: This article intends to study the book Fela. Esta Esta vida Puta, assinado pelo etnólogo cubano Carlos Moore, vida Puta (Fela. This bitch of a life), written by the Cuban tendo como foco as estratégias de elaboração de uma narra- ethnologist Carlos Moore. It focuses on the strategies used tiva biográfica composta por várias vozes. A obra tem como in order to build a biographic narrative which has been com- base uma série de entrevistas realizadas por Moore entre posed by a variety of voices. The work is based on a series 1981 e 1982, com Fela Kuti e outras figuras-chave de sua vida, of interviews taken by Carlos Moore between 1981 and 1982 as quais complementam ou questionam a voz do biografa- with Fela Kuti and other key figures in his life whose voice do. Nota-se que a montagem do texto toma alguns temas complements or questions that of the biographic subject. It típicos das narrativas biográficas (predestinação, aconteci- is noticed that the text is assembled through the use of some mento traumático e epifanias) como princípio organizador typical themes in the biographic narratives (predestination, das entrevistas. Além disso, a obra conta com a presença tragic event and epiphany). Besides, there is Afa Ojo, the intrigante de Afa Ojo, personagem espiritual da falecida mãe intriguing spiritual character of Fela’s deceased mother. As de Fela.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chico Historian
    The Chico Historian California State University, Chico: Department of History The Chico Historian Editor Christopher Lasley Editorial Board Kevin Dewey Katie Fox Kayla Hudson Advising Faculty Dr. Stephen Lewis- The Chico Historian Dr. Jason Nice & Dr. Jessica Clark- Phi Alpha Theta: The History Honor Society 1 The Chico Historian This volume is dedicated to Dr. Lawrence Bryant 2 The Chico Historian Letter From the Editor It is my profound pleasure to edit and introduce the 2010-2011 edition of The Chico Historian. This volume represents the collaborative efforts between students and CSU, Chico’s dedicated faculty. The papers presented here are a small sampling of the student work done at Chico, but they highlight the diversity and the value of historical inquiry. For many of the authors in this volume seeing their work published is a new experience, while others are a familiar name to this journal. In either case, their work is appreciated and it is both my honor and that of this year’s editorial board, to highlight their writing. This volume was made possible through the continued enthusiasm and support for student work on the behalf of the entire history department. I would also like to specifically thank Dr. Stephen Lewis for his advice and support throughout this process. Dr. Laird Easton for his dedication to The Chico Historian. Dr. Jason Nice and Dr. Jessica Clark for their constant support to students. Professor John Boyle for his continuing support. Claudia Beaty for the million little things she has done to assist this journal. Finally, I would like to thank my editorial board for their hard work throughout this semester.
    [Show full text]
  • ENTREVISTA CARLOS MOORE: TRAVESSIAS DE UM INTELECTUAL ENGAJADO Selma Maria Batista De Oliveira1 De Entusiasta a Crít
    ENTREVISTA CARLOS MOORE: TRAVESSIAS DE UM INTELECTUAL ENGAJADO Selma Maria Batista de Oliveira1 “O carrasco mata sempre duas vezes, a segunda pelo silêncio” (Provérbio africano). De entusiasta a crítico do regime cubano, o escritor, etnólogo e cientista social Carlos Moore, descreve sua luta contra o racismo na sua autobiografia, Pichón, publicada em 2015, no Brasil. Pesquisador do tema há mais de 40 anos, vive atualmente em Salvador, e aos 74 anos mantém­se militante e engajado socialmente na luta pela valorização do povo negro. Saiu da ilha de Cuba em 1963, morou em diversos países, militou ao lado de vários intelectuais e artistas negros fundamentais à história do século XX, a exemplo de Myriam Makeba, Malcom X, Aimé Césaire, Max Roach, Maya Ange­ lou, Cheikh Anta Diop, Fela Kuti, Stokely Carmichael, Lélia Gonzáles e Abdias do Nascimento. Publicou vários livros, dentre os quais destacamos Racismo e Sociedade, uma obra fundamental para compreender as bases epistemológicas do racismo, e Fela. Esta vida puta. Na sua autobiografia, Moore apresenta suas travessias como militante, diaspórico e inte­ lectual engajado que dedica sua vida à luta contra o racismo e pela transformação social. Nesta conversa com a Revista Grau Zero, ele nos recebeu em sua residência no Bairro de Nazaré, para falar sobre a luta conta o racismo, as travessias em busca da igualdade e o papel do intelectual engajado nos territórios diaspóricos. 1 Mestranda do Programa de Mestrado em Critica Cultural, UNEB, Campus II, Alagoinhas (BA). Bolsista CAPES. Endereço eletrônico: [email protected]. Grau Zero — Revista de Crítica Cultural, v. 4, n. 1, 2016 | 239 Leitora e leitor, sintam­se à vontade para adentrar o texto.
    [Show full text]
  • Pichon-Race-And-Revolution-In-Castros
    CARLOS MOORE A Memoir RACE AND REVOLUTION IN CASTRO’S CUBA Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Moore, Carlos. Pichón : revolution and racism in Castro's Cuba : a memoir / Carlos Moore. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-55652-767-8 1. Moore, Carlos. 2. Race discrimination—Cuba. 3. Cuba—Race relations. I. Title. F1789.A1M66 2008 305.896'07291092—dc22 [B] 2008010751 Photos courtesy of Carlos Moore unless otherwise noted. Page ix: National Memorial African Bookstore, Photographs and Prints Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations Interior design: Jonathan Hahn Copyright © 2008 by Carlos Moore All rights reserved Published by Lawrence Hill Books An imprint of Chicago Review Press, Incorporated 814 North Franklin Street Chicago, Illinois 60610 ISBN 978-1-55652-767-8 Printed in the United States of America 5 4 3 2 1 My destiny is to travel a different road. —Claude McKay DEDICATION This book is dedicated to: Evaristo Estenóz, Pedro Ivonnet, and the thousands of black Cubans who heeded their call in 1912 at the expense of their lives. My family, Shawna, Ayeola, Kimathi, Adriana, Rosana, Kimathy. My parents, Sibylin Winifred Rebecca Wedderburn, Gladys King, Vic- tor Theodore Moore, Whitfield Dacosta Marshall. My brothers and sisters of the Moore-Wedderburn-King branch: Richard, Esther, Victor Jr., Franklyn, Martha, Lloyd, Marie, Lawrence. My brothers and sisters of the Marshall-Stewart branch: Regina, Ricardo, Arturo, Mercedes, Dorita, Adys, Leonel. My spiritual family: Maya Angelou, Rex Nettleford, Marcia Lord, Iva Carruthers, Margaret Busby, Patrícia Valdés, Micheline Lombard, Francine Cornely, Alex Haley, Sylvia Boone, Claudia Mitchell-Kernan, Mery Diagne, Lelia Gonzalez, Abdias Nascimento, Walterio Carbonell, Marc Balin, Aimé Césaire, Alioune Diop, Malcolm X, Cheikh Anta Diop.
    [Show full text]
  • The Harris Institute E-Newsletter SPRING 2015
    the Harris Institute e-Newsletter SPRING 2015 ISSUE NO. 7 Lex lata, lex ferenda The Harris Institute Launches a New Blog INSIDE: The Harris Institute has launched a new blog featuring commentary on issues of foreign affairs and international and 13th Assembly of State Parties comparative law. The blog will serve as a to the Rome Statute resource to Washington University, St. Louis, and the larger regional, national and global communities. Crimes Against Humanity Initiative Gains Momentum Blog contributors are primarily Washington University School of Law Upcoming Lectures and faculty, students, alumni and staff. We International Criminal Court to testimony Conference also welcome postings and comments from concerning police violence at the UN our entire readership. Entries will be Committee Against Torture, stemming moderated by Harris Institute Director, from the unrest in Ferguson, Missouri. Students Participate in Global Professor Leila Nadya Sadat, and Harris Public Interest Work Institute Fellow, Madaline George. You can visit the blog at law.wustl.edu/ harris/lexlata/ where you can subscribe by Alumni Spotlight: Imad Khan Inaugural postings highlight issues email or RSS feed or add it to “favorites” ranging from the cases before the in your web browser. Recap of Speakers from Fall 2014 Save the Date 8th Annual International April 2-3, 2015 Humanitarian Law Dialogs Global Perspectives on Colorism The Harris Institute is hosting a major conference on colorism on April 2-3, 2015. Colorism is the practice of discrimination based on skin tone and is prevalent throughout the world. Co-sponsored by the Gephardt Institute for Public Service and the Office of the Provost, this conference will address the global reach — in economic, social, and psychological terms — of colorism.
    [Show full text]