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January 29-30Th Squall Line Impact on Kentucky Mesonet Sites

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January 29-30Th Squall Line Impact on Kentucky Mesonet Sites January 29-30th Squall Line Impact on Kentucky Mesonet Sites Joseph Wilson, Jane Marie Wix, Zachary Brown, Megan Ferris, and Stuart Foster Kentucky Mesonet Department of Geography and Geology Abstract Western Kentucky University On the evening of January 29th, 2008, a squall line developed ahead of a powerful cold front, sweeping through the Ohio Valley. This damaging line of storms brought over 100 reports of wind damage to the state of Kentucky alone. This project will look at the synoptic and mesoscale conditions that led to the formation of the squall line and why the storms produced straight line wind damage and not a major tornado outbreak. The type of squall line will be examined as well. The project also will compare this cold weather event with others to see what differences , if any, occurred. Data collected by the Kentucky Mesonet will be used to study the meteorological effects of the squall line as it moved across Kentucky. There are six Mesonet sites that recorded data for this event. Combined with traditional observation platforms such as ASOS stations, upper air soundings, radar, and satellite, the Mesonet data allows a higher spatial and temporal study of the meteorological effects recorded across the Commonwealth. The goal of this study is to use the data from the Mesonet to better understand weather phenomena that commonly impacts Kentucky. Figure 5. Radar image of the squall line passing through Russellville, this Introduction site recorded the highest winds. A squall line is a linear oriented zone of thunderstorms. There are two main types of squall lines, progressive and serial. Progressive lines are generally shorter and have a more defined curve. The bulging or bowing which can occur with this type of squall line is associated with downbursts. Serial squall lines are much longer, and are generally associated with dynamically fueled cool season events. These are common across the country east of the Rocky Mountains, and usually form in the spring season. Severe squall lines are very common across the Ohio Valley. A bow echo is an arch or bowed out portion of the squall line associated with straight line wind damage. Tornadoes can also form in the bow echoes; however these are shorter in duration and weaker when compared with tornadoes that develop in super cell thunderstorms. Figure 1. January 29, 2008 Squall line affecting Kentucky. .Squall Line Discussion The squall line that affected our area on the evening of January 29, 2008 was typical for a cold season event. This powerful squall line was associated with an intense low pressure system and cold front with embedded bow echo segments. The upper level jet steam Bowling Green: Wind Speed, and Temperature Data Bowling Green: Wind Data provided the main forcing for this event. The divergence/convergence zones were able to January 29, 2008 January 29, 2008 55 70 60 300 overcome the lack of instability and moisture in the atmosphere. Even the pattern of the Wind Speed Max Max Wind Speed Figure 6. Radar image of the squall line passing through Bowling Green. 50 squall line was indicative of a cold season event, being in a very long serial pattern, which Temperature 65 50 Avg Wind Speed 250 45 included embedded bow echoes and the formation of a few weak tornadoes. This serial Wind Direction Squall 60 40 200 pattern is also associated with dynamically forced storms, as was this particular event . 40 Line and Frontal 35 Passage 55 30 150 Table 1. Mesonet data from the available sites showing Maximum Wind Speed (Mph), drop in Temperature (F), 30 and the Squall Line Precipitation totals (In). 50 20 100 25 (F) Temperature Wind Speed Speed (Mph) Wind Wind Speed Speed (MPH) Wind Wind Direction (Az) Direction Wind 45 10 50 Mesonet Sites Max Wind Speed Temperature Drop (F) Squall line Precipitation (In) 20 15 40 (Mph) 0 0 6:50 6:55 7:00 7:05 7:10 7:15 7:20 7:25 7:30 7:35 7:40 7:45 7:50 7:55 8:00 8:05 6:50 6:55 7:00 7:05 7:10 7:15 7:20 7:25 7:30 7:35 7:40 7:45 7:50 7:55 8:00 8:05 PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM Calloway County 59.95 17.76 0.14 Figure 2. Wind speed and Temperature data collected from the Bowling. Figure 3. Maximum wind speed (Mph), Average wind speed (Mph), and Ohio County 48.08 16.37 0.05 Green Mesonet site. Wind Direction (Az) from the Bowling Green Mesonet Site. Logan County 41.58 14.21 0.12 Bowling Green: Precipitation Data January 29, 2008 Warren County 51.29 13.39 0.12 0.14 Precipitation 0.12 Casey County 60.08 16.69 0.13 0.10 Figure 7. Radar image of the squall line passing through Morehead, bow (In) echo starting to form around Frenchburg. Rowan County 45.16 12.88 0.11 0.08 0.06 References Conclusion Klimowski, B.A., M.J. Bunkers, M.R. Hjelmfelt, and J.N. Covert, 2003: Severe Convective 0.04 Windstorms over the Northern High Plains of the United States. Wea. Forecasting, 18, 502–519. The squall line that affected the Ohio Valley from January 29-30 was not an unusual Precipitation 0.02 storm for the area. Even though the perfect meteorological conditions for severe Atkins, N.T., and R.M. Wakimoto, 1991: Wet Microburst Activity over the Southeastern United weather were not all in place, such as an abundance of warm air advection, and a 0.00 States: Implications for Forecasting. Wea. Forecasting, 6, 470–482. moist unstable atmosphere, there was still enough upper atmospheric forcing to produce 6:50 6:55 7:00 7:05 7:10 7:15 7:20 7:25 7:30 7:35 7:40 7:45 7:50 7:55 8:00 8:05 PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM PM Evans, J.S., and C.A. Doswell, 2001: Examination of Derecho Environments Using Proximity the energy needed for the formation of the squall line which impacted the Commonwealth. Soundings. Wea. Forecasting, 16, 329–342. With the Mesonet data we were able to see the drastic changes in temperature, wind speed Figure 4. Precipitation (In) data from the Bowling Green Mesonet Site. and direction and precipitation in almost real time as this squall line and accompanying front passed over our area. .
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