Notes: 9.3 - Fermentation

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NOTES: 9.3 - FERMENTATION Vocabulary: -Fermentation -Glycolysis -Aerobic -Lactic Acid Fermentation -Anaerobic -Alcoholic Fermentation What happens if your cells aren’t getting enough oxygen? • Krebs Cycle & E.T.C. CANNOT proceed . • Instead, occurs -Pyruvic Acid builds up in & is converted to … feel the burn! -In other organisms, the pyruvic acid builds up, ferments, and becomes Fermentation: release of energy from food molecules in absence of oxygen ( ) • Enables cells to carry out energy production in the • result of glycolysis + fermentation yields 2 ATP molecules per 1 molecule of glucose (not nearly as much energy!!!!) 2 Fermentation Pathways 1) Alcoholic Fermentation 2) Lactic Acid Fermentation 1) Alcoholic Fermentation: • occurs in & some other microorganisms • pyruvic acid is broken down into a 2-Carbon plus • important to and ! -When yeast in dough runs out of oxygen it ferments, giving off bubbles of gas—which forms air space in bread -Alcohol produced in the dough evaporates when bread is baked *(when the level of alcohol reaches , yeast cells die) 2) Lactic Acid Fermentation: • pyruvic acid from glycolysis is • lactic acid is produced in muscles during rapid exercise (body can't supply enough O2 to the tissues) • the build-up of lactic acid causes a Energy and Exercise: Quick Energy: • Muscle cells only contain enough ATP for a few seconds of energy, or a “burst” ofenergy -e.g.: • When this is gone, cells resort to lactic acid fermentation which can provide enough ATP for about Energy and Exercise: Long Term Energy: • If a race or energy need is longer, your body must go through cellular respiration to get enough ATP to continue -even well-conditioned athletes have to pace themselves -your body stores energy in & in the form of . -these stores are enough to last for when broken down through cellular respiration -after this, your body begins to break down other molecules, including fats, for energy -This is why aerobic exercise is beneficial for weight control!! Long Term Energy: ● some animals rely on for energy to get them through long periods without food ● EXAMPLE: ! .

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