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Yorktown Self-Guided Walking Tour

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Yorktown Self-Guided Walking Tour NOT FOR SALE NOT FOR SALE Yorktown Self-guided Walking Tour Presented by the Celebrate Yorktown Committee of the Yorktown Foundation Thanks to: William W. Cole George Bennett Bonnie Karwac First edition, Fall, 2006 First revised edition, Winter 2014 Copyright 2006 NOT FOR SALE Welcome to Yorktown! ur small town on the York River traces its origins back over 35,000,000 years, when this area was created by the crash of an asteroid or comet. More recently, the area was occupied for 10,000 years by the first Americans. Their descendants still live adjacent to the Mattaponi and Pamunkey Rivers which create the York River just 27 miles west at West Point. Europeans began to occupy this area shortly after Jamestown was settled in 1607. The first settlement was just east of the present village on land currently occupied by the U.S. Coast Guard Training Center. O Yorktown itself was officially created in 1691. Yorktown came to world attention when Lord Cornwallis surrendered his British army to General George Washington and his allied army effectively ending the American Revolutionary War with an American victory. After a minor role in the Civil War, Yorktown struggled to revive its importance in Virginia’s business life but did not succeed. The 1881 Centennial and 1931 Sesquicentennial of the surrender of Cornwallis brought world attention to the town again, and the National Park Service created the first national historical park in the United States in 1931. Since that time, the town has stabilized in population at about 200 people with two major museums, two churches, a few small businesses and a number of other historic and cultural sites available year- round for visitors to enjoy. NOT FOR SALE Using This Booklet 1. York Hall 1955 301 Main Street We are pleased that you have an The first court for interest in the history and culture of York County began Yorktown and want to use this booklet for meeting in 1633. The first courthouse a self-guided walking tour. The booklet in Yorktown was is designed to give you an easy walking built on this site in tour which you can start at any location 1697. The building, and finish at that same location without renamed York Hall in missing anything. You do not need to start 2000, contains a local art and gift gallery and at location number 1. Each location on information area. the tour is self-contained, and it is not Part of the York County Historical Museum is necessary to visit one site in order to located in the lower level. understand any other site. The icon tells you that one or more 2. Swan Tavern 1935 information signs are nearby. 300 Main Street Some areas of the tour are optional- The Swan Tavern they are shown in italics. You are opened as a tavern welcomed to visit these areas, but they in 1722. The build- generally contain buildings and sites that ing was destroyed when black powder are not directly related to the historic in the Swan Tavern character of Yorktown. was ignited by the During certain times, a free trolley courthouse explo- connects many of the historic attractions sion in 1863 during the Civil War. The present in Yorktown. You can get on and off the building was reconstructed by the National Park trolley at your convenience. There is Service in 1935. occasionally narration on the trolley. The entire walking tour is handicapped 3. Medical Shop 1936 accessible, although there are several 307 Main Street very steep hills. The Medical Shop was reconstructed on property thought SPECIAL NOTE: to have been owned Yorktown Onions are a by Dr. Corbin Grif- member of the European fin, a surgeon who served during the leek family. Seeds arrived Revolution. Griffin’s house and two buildings with early colonists. were also located here in 1781 when Griffin They have naturalized locally was imprisoned on board a British ship during and are protected by law - the Siege of Yorktown. therefore, “Gathering or collecting the Yorktown Onion shall be prohibited.” NOT FOR SALE Cyrus Griffin (brother of Dr. Corbin Griffin who 6. Restrooms owned the Medical Shop) lived in Yorktown and 400 Main Street died here in 1810, although he is buried at Bruton Parish Church in Williamsburg. Griffin was the last “President of the United States in Congress Assembled” under the Articles of Confederation. He immediately preceded George Washington, first president under the 7. Somerwell House c. 1707 Constitution. Griffin was educated in Scotland 401 Main Street where he met and married Lady Christina With the addition of Stuart of Traquair. a wing on the back, this c. 1707 building Church Street was named for the Episcopal served as a hotel in Church at the river end of this street. the early 20th century. The National Park 4. Grace Service restored it in Episcopal 1936 to its colonial Church c. 1697 appearance. 111 Church Street Heavily damaged 8. Burcher Cottage c. 1881 in the 1814 fire of 402 Main Street Yorktown, the York- The Burcher Cottage, a 19th-century build- Hampton Parish Church was renamed Grace ing, has been used as a business for most of Episcopal Church and reconstructed in 1848 its existence. The using the original marl walls. Burials include building is owned members of the Thomas Nelson and Nicolas by the National Park Martiau families. Service. 5. The Fifes and Drums of York Town 2006 202 Church Street Formed in 1976 9. Le Corbeau (the Crow) Cannon by the County of York c. 1761 during the Bicenten- 408 Main Street nial of the American French King Louis Revolution, “The XVI ordered 194 Fifes and Drums cannons, including of York Town,” now an independent non-profit this one, shipped to organization, constructed this building in 2006 Portsmouth, N.H., in to serve as their Corps headquarters. 1777, in support of the American rebels, dramatically altering the Continuing south on Church Street, you will balance of fire power between the Americans find the Marl Inn Bed and Breakfast. and the British. NOT FOR SALE 10. Cole Digges House c. 1720 13. York Hall Stable, Wisteria 411 Main Street Cottage and York Hall Garage This property has often changed (National Park Service office) owners and has c. 1914 served as a store- 215 Read Street house, tearoom, Between 1914 and bank and home. 1969 the entire block Recent historical -from the river to the research has attributed the construction of the inner fortifications - building to Digges rather than Pate, by whose was “York Hall,” the name it had been known for many years. private estate of Captain and Mrs. George Preston Blow. 11. Custom House c. 1721 The Blows restored Ambler House site the Nelson, Smith and 410 Main Street Ballard Houses and Richard Ambler, cus- built the stable, cot- toms collector in 1721, tage, garage and for- built and operated the mal gardens designed Custom House. Serving by Charles F. Gillette. as a storehouse for Confederate General John 14. Cox House site Magruder in 1862 and later as a school, it was 501 Main Street acquired by the Comte De Grasse Chapter of Charles Cox is be- the Daughters of the American Revolution in lieved to have built his 1924. Ambler’s home next door was destroyed home here by 1729 during the Civil War. when he sold it to Thomas Nelson, Read Street is named for the Read (or in whose family it Reade) family. Elizabeth, a daughter of Nicolas remained for the next Martiau, the “Father of Yorktown”, married 75 years. The building Colonel George Read who was Acting Governor was destroyed in the of Virginia in 1638. Their great-great-grandson mid-20th century. was George Washington. 15. William Nelson House site 12. Poor Potter Archeological site 507 Main Street c. 1720 This was the site of the home of William 221 Read Street Nelson and his wife, Elizabeth Burwell Nelson. Described by Lt. William, born in 1711 in Yorktown, was the Governor William son of Thomas Nelson and Margaret Read, a Gooch in 1732 as descendant of Nicolas Martiau. The house was “the poor potter” of Yorktown, whose output destroyed in the fire of 1814. was of “little consequence” to mislead the Crown, William Rogers actually operated one of America’s first and most complex pottery factories. NOT FOR SALE 16. Gov. Thomas Nelson, Jr., House The next location is near the end of Nelson c. 1730 Street, just a short stroll on one of Yorktown’s 508 Main Street residential streets. Built by “Scotch Tom” Nelson, this 19. Yorktown Baptist Church house is best known 1947 as the home of his 237 Nelson Street grandson, Thomas Baptists met first Nelson, Jr., member of in Yorktown in 1699. House of Burgesses of Virginia and Continental A church was estab- Congress, signer of the Declaration of Indepen- lished in 1777. The dence, commander of the Virginia Militia and present church was Governor of Virginia. Used as a hospital during formed in 1944. The the Civil War, it is now exhibited by the National white frame section was a former Army chapel Park Service. The high relief bronze bust sculp- reconstructed here after World War II. ture of General Cornwallis, now found on the west garden wall, was dedicated in 1931 as “A 20. Fletcher House TESTIMONIAL OF THE AFFECTION OF VIRGINIA 18th century; 1951 FOR THE MOTHER COUNTRY.” 223 Nelson Street Built prior to 1761 Nelson Street was named for this prominent in Accomack County family and was formerly called Pearl Street. on Virginia’s Eastern Shore by Henry 17.
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