DOCSLIB.ORG

Specialized Pollination by Honeybees in Cymbidium Dayanum, a Fall–Winter Flowering Orchid

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Specialized Pollination by Honeybees in Cymbidium Dayanum, a Fall–Winter Flowering Orchid Received: 19 September 2018 Revised and accepted: 11 December 2018 DOI: 10.1111/1442-1984.12231 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Specialized pollination by honeybees in Cymbidium dayanum, a fall–winter flowering orchid Yoshiyuki Matsuda | Naoto Sugiura Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Abstract Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan Floral biology and pollination mechanisms of Cymbidium dayanum, an endangered Correspondence epiphytic orchid, were investigated in south Kyushu, Japan. The flowering period Naoto Sugiura, Faculty of Science, Kumamoto spanned approximately 4 months from fall to winter, with the inflorescences often University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan. Email: [email protected] blooming asynchronously on each plant and individual flowers commonly lasting for a month. The nectarless flowers are self-compatible but cannot autonomously self-pollinate; the orchid needs to attract pollinators by deceit for capsule produc- tion. The field observations showed that the flowers were pollinated exclusively by the Japanese honeybee Apis cerana japonica, despite its long flowering period. The worker bees pollinated flowers and/or received the pollinarium on the thorax, while escaping from the labellum chamber. The natural fruit-set ratios at the popu- lation level, an estimate of pollination success, varied interannually but were gener- ally low, as the result of infrequent flower visits by honeybee workers owing to the cold winter climate and the lack of a nectar reward. Because most flowers that were artificially pollinated in the winter successfully developed into capsules, the cold- ness was not considered a direct cause of the low fruit-set ratios. Our results explic- itly indicate that the bee pollination niche could be available to temperate plant species even during mid-winter. We inferred advantages for the winter flowering of C. dayanum. KEYWORDS Apis, cymbidium, deceptive pollination, flowering season, winter climate 1 | INTRODUCTION pollination, generalized food deception, and Batesian food-source mimicry. To date, autonomous self- Cymbidium Sw. (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) includes pollination has been reported in C. macrorhizon Lindl, approximately 52 species naturally distributed in Asia and C. nipponicum (Franch. et Sav.) Rolfe [as C. aberrans Oceania (Du Puy & Cribb, 2007; Pridgeon, Cribb, Chase, & (Finet) Schltr.], and C. nagifolium Masam. (as C. lancifo- Rasmussen, 2009). This taxon includes epiphytic, lithophy- lium Hook.), all of which lack a rostellum that functions tic and terrestrial species, which thrive in a variety of habi- as the physical barrier between the anther and stigma tats, such as open savannas, tropical rain forests and (Suetsugu, 2015). Reward-based pollination takes place in high-elevation grasslands (Pridgeon et al., 2009). Most C. mandidum Lindl., in which flowers are pollinated by species are autotrophic and rarely mycoheterotrophic the stingless bee Trigona kockingsi, which collects viscid (Motomura, Selosse, Martos, Kagawa, & Yukawa, 2010; substances on the labellar surface (Macpherson & Rupp, Suetsugu, 2015). 1935, cited in Du Puy & Cribb, 2007). The substance is In Cymbidium orchids, there are four known modes of probably used as a nest-building material. A similar mode pollination: autonomous self-pollination, reward-based is also thought to occur for C. lowianum (Rchb.f.) Rchb., Plant Species Biol. 2019;34:19–26. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/psbi © 2019 The Society for the Study of Species Biology 19 20 MATSUDA AND SUGIURA in which the labellar surface has protein-containing papil- 2 | MATERIALS AND METHODS lae that may function as food hairs (Davies, Stpic- zynska, & Turner, 2006). Generalized food deception has 2.1 | Study sites been found for some species, including C. lancifolium Because Japanese C. dayanum is now considered nearly (Cheng, Liu, He, Wei, & Luo, 2007), C. goeringii (Rchb. extinct in the wild, mainly as a result of overexploitation f.) Rchb.f. (Tsuji & Kato, 2010; Yu, Luo, & Dong, 2008) (Inoue, 2015), we did not find a natural population appropri- and C. kanran Makino (Sugawara & Tsutsui, 1998; ate for study. Thus, field observations were conducted at Tsuji & Kato, 2010). The nectarless flowers attract polli- two seminatural habitats (sites N and K) located near rem- nating bees by visual and olfactory stimuli. Finally, nant broad-leaved evergreen forests (past habitats) in south Batesian food-source mimicry occurs in C. insigne subsp. Kyushu, Japan. At both sites, orchid seedlings of various seidenfadenii P.J. Cribb & Du Puy. The plant relies exclu- sizes were present, suggesting that the series of events neces- sively on the bumblebee Bombus eximius, which also pol- sary for sexual reproduction, including pollination, were linates the nectar-producing flowers of Rhododendron occurring successfully. One site was in the grounds of the ciliicalyx subsp. lyi (H. Lév.) R.C. Fang Noborio Elementary School (site N), Minami-Osumi Town, (as Rhododendron lyi Leveille) (Kjellsson, Rasmussen, & Kagoshima Prefecture, where six adult C. dayanum grew on Dupuy, 1985). Because both plants have a similar floral six trees (but one was seriously damaged by a typhoon in appearance, the bumblebees occasionally mistakenly visit late September 2016). Approximately 20 km east-northeast of site N, the second site was in the grounds of Kishira Ele- the nectarless flowers of the orchid. In addition to the mentary School (site K), Kimotsuki Town, Kagoshima Pre- above-mentioned modes, insect pheromone mimicry may fecture, where three adult plants grew on three trees. At both be used by C. floribundum Lindl. (as C. pumilum Rolfe) sites, the trees were well isolated from each other, resulting under cultivated conditions, which has flowers that are in the orchids usually receiving sunlight daily for moderately exclusively pollinated by the Japanese honeybee Apis cer- long hours. No nectariferous flowers that resembled C. daya- ana japonica (Apoidea: Apiformes: Apidae) (Sasaki, num flowers were found at the study sites or nearby broad- Ono, & Fukuda, 1992; Sasaki, Ono, & Yoshida, 1991). leaved evergreen forests. The nectarless flowers emit a scent that includes two man- dibular gland components of the honeybee, 2.2 | Flowering habits and functional morphology of 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid and 10-hydroxy-(E)-2-decenoic flowers acid, to deceive individual bees or bee swarms into engag- At site N, the number of opening flowers on inflorescences ing in pollination activity (Sugahara, Izutsu, Nishimura, & (n = 126 inflorescences in the 2016–2017 flowering season; Sakamoto, 2013). n = 155 inflorescences in the 2017–2018 season) was C. dayanum Rchb.f. is distributed in Asia, from the recorded intermittently to clarify the flowering phenology. Himalayas of northern India to Japan and south through We also carefully studied functional features of flowers and Indo-China and the Philippines to Indonesia, and prefers inflorescences, which may be important for pollinator attrac- cooler, higher elevations of about 1,000–1,500 m in its tion and manipulation, with natural plants at site N and four southern distribution area (Du Puy & Cribb, 2007). How- cultivated plants on the campus of Kumamoto University, ever, despite its wide distribution, to our knowledge, no Kumamoto City, central Kyushu. To examine the lifespan of information on the pollination strategy is available. individual flowers, some floral buds of the cultivated plants Recently, we investigated the floral and pollination biol- were individually marked, and the opening and wilting dates ogy of this epiphytic cymbidium in south Kyushu, Japan, for each were recorded during the two flowering seasons where it flowers between October and December (n = 24 flowers of 10 inflorescences in the 2016–2017 sea- (Yukawa, 2015). The main aims of our study were: (a) to son; n = 69 flowers of 12 inflorescences in the 2017–2018 investigate the floral features of C. dayanum from a season). functional perspective, an aspect rarely examined thus To examine whether C. dayanum is self-compatible and far, (b) to identify the pollinator and characterize its whether it is pollinator dependent, 33 intact flowers were intrafloral behavior, and (c) to examine the natural fruit- selected randomly on October 21, 2016 at site K. Each set ratio, which is an indicator of pollination success. On flower was subjected to one of the following treatments: the basis of the results, we discuss the pollination strat- (a) self-pollination with one pollinarium from the same egy of Japanese C. dayanum, including possible reasons flower; (b) cross-pollination with one pollinarium from a why this orchid continues to flower in winter when flower of a different plant; or (c) no pollination. The perianth almost all bee species have already ceased their extra- segments of all the treated flowers were then trimmed off to nest activities (Ikudome, 1992; Y. Matsuda, personal prevent natural pollination (Li, Zheng, Dafni, & Luo, 2010; observation, 2016–2018). Sugiura, 2013; Sugiura, 2014). On January 18, 2017, the MATSUDA AND SUGIURA 21 flowers were checked to determine whether their ovaries had asynchronously. Within an inflorescence, about 12 flowers developed into swollen green capsules. For each treatment, (11.4 ± 2.2, n = 126 in the 2016–2017 season; 12.1 ± 3.3, we calculated the fruit-set ratio (i.e., the ratio of swollen cap- n = 155 in the 2017–2018 season) opened sequentially, but sules to treated flowers). Furthermore, 16 flowers were self- all of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Review of CITES Appendices I and II Plant Species from Lao PDR
    A Review of CITES Appendices I and II Plant Species From Lao PDR A report for IUCN Lao PDR by Philip Thomas, Mark Newman Bouakhaykhone Svengsuksa & Sounthone Ketphanh June 2006 A Review of CITES Appendices I and II Plant Species From Lao PDR A report for IUCN Lao PDR by Philip Thomas1 Dr Mark Newman1 Dr Bouakhaykhone Svengsuksa2 Mr Sounthone Ketphanh3 1 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 2 National University of Lao PDR 3 Forest Research Center, National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute, Lao PDR Supported by Darwin Initiative for the Survival of the Species Project 163-13-007 Cover illustration: Orchids and Cycads for sale near Gnommalat, Khammouane Province, Lao PDR, May 2006 (photo courtesy of Darwin Initiative) CONTENTS Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations used in this report Acknowledgements Summary _________________________________________________________________________ 1 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) - background ____________________________________________________________________ 1 Lao PDR and CITES ____________________________________________________________ 1 Review of Plant Species Listed Under CITES Appendix I and II ____________ 1 Results of the Review_______________________________________________________ 1 Comments _____________________________________________________________________ 3 1. CITES Listed Plants in Lao PDR ______________________________________________ 5 1.1 An Introduction to CITES and Appendices I, II and III_________________ 5 1.2 Current State of Knowledge of the
    [Show full text]
  • Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Cenwanglaoshan Nature Reserve, Northwest Guangxi, China, 1999 and 2002
    Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Cenwanglaoshan Nature Reserve, Northwest Guangxi, China, 1999 and 2002 Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden in collaboration with Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Department Guangxi Forestry Survey and Planning Institute South China Institute of Botany South China Normal University Institute of Zoology, CAS March 2003 South China Forest Biodiversity Survey Report Series: No. 27 (Online Simplified Version) Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Cenwanglaoshan Nature Reserve, Northwest Guangxi, China, 1999 and 2002 Editors John R. Fellowes, Bosco P.L. Chan, Michael W.N. Lau, Ng Sai-Chit and Gloria L.P. Siu Contributors Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden: Gloria L.P. Siu (GS) Bosco P.L. Chan (BC) John R. Fellowes (JRF) Michael W.N. Lau (ML) Lee Kwok Shing (LKS) Ng Sai-Chit (NSC) Graham T. Reels (GTR) Roger C. Kendrick (RCK) Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Department: Xu Zhihong (XZH) Pun Fulin (PFL) Xiao Ma (XM) Zhu Jindao (ZJD) Guangxi Forestry Survey and Planning Institute (Comprehensive Tan Wei Fu (TWF) Planning Branch): Huang Ziping (HZP) Guangxi Natural History Museum: Mo Yunming (MYM) Zhou Tianfu (ZTF) South China Institute of Botany: Chen Binghui (CBH) Huang Xiangxu (HXX) Wang Ruijiang (WRJ) South China Normal University: Li Zhenchang (LZC) Chen Xianglin (CXL) Institute of Zoology CAS (Beijing): Zhang Guoqing (ZGQ) Chen Deniu (CDN) Nanjing University: Chen Jianshou (CJS) Wang Songjie (WSJ) Xinyang Teachers’ College: Li Hongjing (LHJ) Voluntary specialist: Keith D.P. Wilson (KW) Background The present report details the findings of visits to Northwest Guangxi by members of Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden (KFBG) in Hong Kong and their colleagues, as part of KFBG's South China Biodiversity Conservation Programme.
    [Show full text]
  • Independent Degradation in Genes of the Plastid Ndh Gene Family in Species of the Orchid Genus Cymbidium (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae)
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Independent degradation in genes of the plastid ndh gene family in species of the orchid genus Cymbidium (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae) Hyoung Tae Kim1, Mark W. Chase2* 1 College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook University, Daegu, Korea, 2 Jodrell Laboratory, Royal a1111111111 Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract In this paper, we compare ndh genes in the plastid genome of many Cymbidium species and three closely related taxa in Orchidaceae looking for evidence of ndh gene degradation. OPEN ACCESS Among the 11 ndh genes, there were frequently large deletions in directly repeated or AT- Citation: Kim HT, Chase MW (2017) Independent rich regions. Variation in these degraded ndh genes occurs between individual plants, degradation in genes of the plastid ndh gene family apparently at population levels in these Cymbidium species. It is likely that ndh gene trans- in species of the orchid genus Cymbidium fers from the plastome to mitochondrial genome (chondriome) occurred independently in (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae). PLoS ONE 12(11): e0187318. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. Orchidaceae and that ndh genes in the chondriome were also relatively recently transferred pone.0187318 between distantly related species in Orchidaceae. Four variants of the ycf1-rpl32 region, Editor: Zhong-Jian Liu, The National Orchid which normally includes the ndhF genes in the plastome, were identified, and some Cymbid- Conservation Center of China; The Orchid ium species contained at least two copies of that region in their organellar genomes. The Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, four ycf1-rpl32 variants seem to have a clear pattern of close relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • Cymbidium Lowianum (Rchb
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES RESEARCHARTICLE I J PS Volume 8 | Issue 2 | July, 2013 | 316-318 Cymbidium lowianum (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. (Orchidaceae): A new record of angiosperm for Darjeeling Himalaya of West Bengal RAJENDRA YONZONE AND SAMUEL RAI SUMMARY Present paper deals with the Cymbidium lowianum (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. (Orchidaceae) is collected from Todey forest and Neora Valley of Kalimpong Sub-Division of Darjeeling Himalaya of West Bengal and is reported as new angiospermic record for the Darjeeling Himalayan region of India. An updated nomenclature, important synonyms, illustrated description, photographs, habitat, flowering and fruiting, altitudinal range, specimen examined, present status and geographical distribution of species has also been given. Key Words : New record, Orchidaceae, Cymbidium lowianum, Darjeeling Himalaya, India How to cite this article : Yonzone, Rajendra and Rai, Samuel (2013). Cymbidium lowianum (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. (Orchidaceae): A New Record of Angiosperm for Darjeeling Himalaya of W.B. (India). Internat. J. Plant Sci., 8 (2) : 316-318. Article chronicle : Received : 18.10.2012; Revised : 19.03.2013; Accepted : 10.05.2013 he Orchids have captivated human beings since times its hybrid spikes capture superior position in national and immemorial and were known and cultivated to familiarize international floricultural markets. Tas early as 500 BC for ornamental and medicinal The genus Cymbidium was described in 1799 by Olof purposes. The rich diversity or Orchid species and their high Swartz (1760-1818). The genus comprises about 50 species profitable value led to increase of more and more information distributed in India, East through South East Asia, China, on their morphology, hybridization and mass multiplication Japan, Indonesia to Australia (Pearce and Cribb, 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix: Orchid Potting Mixtures - an Abridged Historical Review 1
    Appendix: Orchid potting mixtures - An abridged historical review 1 T. J. SHEEHAN Introduction There is little doubt that potting media development over time has been the salvation of orchid growers (Bomba, 1975). When epiphytic orchids were first introduced into England and other European countries in the 18th century growers could not envision plants growing in anything but soil. '"Peat and loam' were good for everything and frequently became the mass murderers of the first generation of epiphytic orchids," Hooker is believed to have said around the end of the 19th century; England had become the graveyard of tropical orchids. Undoubtedly this was in reference to the concern individuals were having over the potting media problems. This problem also drew the attention of such noted individuals as John Lindley and Sir Joseph Paxton, as well as the Gardener's Chronicle, who noted that "The Rule of Thumb" had nothing to say about orchid growing; it was only effective in orchid killing (Bomba 1975). Fortunately, the ingenuity of growers solved the problem as innovative potting mixes evolved over the years. After visiting a number of orchid growing establishments it immediately becomes obvious to any orchid grower, professional or hobbyist, that orchids, both epiphytic and terrestrial, will grow in a wide variety of media. It has often been stated that epiphytic orchids can be grown in any medium except soil as long as watering and fertilization are adjusted to fit the mix being used. Ter­ restrial orchids seem to thrive in any medium that contains 40% or more organic matter. Reading cultural recommendations from the early days of orchid growing is most interesting and highly recommended.
    [Show full text]
  • Index Sorted by Title
    Index sorted by Title Volume Issue Year Article Title Author Key Words 31 5 1967 12th Western Orchid Congress Jefferies, George Western Orchid Congress 31 5 1967 12th Western Orchid Congress — Photo Flashes Philpott, R. G. Western Orchid Congress 12th World Orchid Conference ... March 1987, 51 4 1987 Eilau, William World Orchid Conference, Tokyo Tokyo, Japan 13th World Orchid Conference, Auckland, New World Orchid Conference, New 54 2 1990 Eilau, William Zealand Zealand 14th World Orchid Conference, Glascow, 57 3 1993 Hetherington, Ernest World Orchid Conference, scotland Scotland, April 26-May 1, 1993, The 1992 Volume of the Orchid Digest is Dedicated 56 1 1992 in Memoriam to D. George Morel (1926-1973), Hetherington, Ernest history, George Morel The 58 4 1994 1994 Orchid Digest Research Grant Digest Staff 1994 orchid, research, grant 1995 Orchid Digest Dec Dedicated to Herb 59 1 1995 Digest Staff Dedication, Herb Hager Hager 72 2 2008 19th World Orchid Conference Hersch, Helen world orchid conference, 19th 2018 Paphiopedilum Guild and the Second 2018, paphiopedilum guild, second 82 2 2018 International World Slipper Orchid Conference Sorokowsky, David international world slipper orchid, Hilo, Hawaii conference 80 3 2016 22nd World Orchid Conference Pridgeon, Alec 22nd World Orchid Conference 84 4 2020 A Checklist of Phramipedium Species Cervera, Frank checklist, phragmipedium 84 3 2020 A New Color Forma for Vanda curvifolia Koopowitz, Harold vanda, curvifolia, new color form A New Species of Lepanthes (Orchidaceae: Larson, Bruno, Portilla, Jose, Medina 85 2 2021 new species, Lepanthes, Ecuador Pleurothallidinae) from South East Ecuador Hugo A New Species of Pleurothallopsis new species, pleurothallopsis, 82 1 2018 (Epidendreae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae): Matthews, Luke M.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete List of the Native Orchids of Taiwan and Their Type Information
    Taiwania 61(2): 78 ‒ 126, 2016 DOI: 10.6165/tai.2016.61.78 Complete list of the native orchids of Taiwan and their type information Tsan-Piao LIN1, Ho-Yih LIU2, Chang-Fu HSIEH3 and Kuo-Hsiung WANG3* 1. Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan. 2. Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. 3. Institute of Ecology and Evolutional Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan. *Corresponding author. Tel: +886-2-33662474; Email: [email protected] (Manuscript received 1 December 2015; accepted 11 May 2016) ABSTRACT: This is a comprehensive name list of native orchids of Taiwan identified since the publication of Flora of Taiwan Vol. 5, second edition (2000). The 330 species, subspecies, varieties and natural hybrids of native orchids reported in that publication increases to 455 in the current list. Type information and selected references, diagnostic notices for each species are reported herein for reference. KEY WORDS: Flora of Taiwan, Orchid, Taxonomy, Typfication. INTRODUCTION This is the first publically available comprehensive name collection since the aforementioned Flora of Given that a voucher specimen serves as a piece of Taiwan publication. In this list, most information about supporting evidence vouching for the validity of scientific voucher type specimens is referenced from the Plants of records, knowing the collection, origin, and status changes Taiwan (PoT) database (http://tai2.ntu.edu.tw) and the of these specimens is crucial. The Herbarium of National TAIF (http://taif.tfri.gov.tw/taif_en/).
    [Show full text]
  • Bakalářská Práce Založení, Historie a Současnost Skleníkového Areálu Ve
    UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI PEDAGOGICKÁ FAKULTA Katedra biologie Bakalářská práce Veronika Pastyříková Založení, historie a současnost skleníkového areálu ve Smetanových sadech v Olomouci Olomouc 2014 Vedoucí práce: Ing. Pavlína Škardová Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem závěrečnou práci vypracovala samostatně dle metodických pokynů vedoucí práce a použila jen uvedených pramenů a literatury. V Olomouci dne 17. dubna 2014 ……………………………… Poděkování Ráda bych poděkovala vedoucí práce paní Ing. Pavlíně Škardové za její odborné rady a cenné připomínky při vypracování bakalářské práce. Dále děkuji panu Ing. Zdeňku Šupovi, vedoucímu oddělení sbírkových skleníků ve Smetanových sadech v Olomouci, za vstřícný přístup a poskytnutí potřebných informací pro zpracování této práce. Obsah ÚVOD ......................................................................................................................................... 7 CÍLE PRÁCE ............................................................................................................................. 8 METODIKA ............................................................................................................................... 9 1 HISTORICKÝ PŘEHLED VÝVOJE SKLENÍKŮ ............................................................. 10 1.1 Vymezení pojmu skleník ............................................................................................... 10 1.2 Historie skleníků ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Korean Red List of Threatened Species Korean Red List Second Edition of Threatened Species Second Edition Korean Red List of Threatened Species Second Edition
    Korean Red List Government Publications Registration Number : 11-1480592-000718-01 of Threatened Species Korean Red List of Threatened Species Korean Red List Second Edition of Threatened Species Second Edition Korean Red List of Threatened Species Second Edition 2014 NIBR National Institute of Biological Resources Publisher : National Institute of Biological Resources Editor in President : Sang-Bae Kim Edited by : Min-Hwan Suh, Byoung-Yoon Lee, Seung Tae Kim, Chan-Ho Park, Hyun-Kyoung Oh, Hee-Young Kim, Joon-Ho Lee, Sue Yeon Lee Copyright @ National Institute of Biological Resources, 2014. All rights reserved, First published August 2014 Printed by Jisungsa Government Publications Registration Number : 11-1480592-000718-01 ISBN Number : 9788968111037 93400 Korean Red List of Threatened Species Second Edition 2014 Regional Red List Committee in Korea Co-chair of the Committee Dr. Suh, Young Bae, Seoul National University Dr. Kim, Yong Jin, National Institute of Biological Resources Members of the Committee Dr. Bae, Yeon Jae, Korea University Dr. Bang, In-Chul, Soonchunhyang University Dr. Chae, Byung Soo, National Park Research Institute Dr. Cho, Sam-Rae, Kongju National University Dr. Cho, Young Bok, National History Museum of Hannam University Dr. Choi, Kee-Ryong, University of Ulsan Dr. Choi, Kwang Sik, Jeju National University Dr. Choi, Sei-Woong, Mokpo National University Dr. Choi, Young Gun, Yeongwol Cave Eco-Museum Ms. Chung, Sun Hwa, Ministry of Environment Dr. Hahn, Sang-Hun, National Institute of Biological Resourses Dr. Han, Ho-Yeon, Yonsei University Dr. Kim, Hyung Seop, Gangneung-Wonju National University Dr. Kim, Jong-Bum, Korea-PacificAmphibians-Reptiles Institute Dr. Kim, Seung-Tae, Seoul National University Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Orchids Diversity in the Sicikeh-Cikeh Forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 20, Number 4, April 2019 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 1087-1096 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200421 Orchids Diversity in the Sicikeh-Cikeh Forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia SRI HARTINI Research Centre for Plant Conservation and Botanic Gardens (Bogor Botanic Gardens), Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13, Bogor 16122, West Java, Indonesia. Tel./fax.: +62-251-8322-187, ♥email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 19 February 2019. Revision accepted: 23 March 2019. Abstract. Hartini S. 2019. Orchids Diversity in the Sicikeh-Cikeh Forest, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1087-1096. Sicikeh-cikeh forest includes three forest areas, namely Adian Tinjoan Customary Forest, Adian Tinjoan Protection Forest, and Taman Wisata Alam Sicikeh-cikeh. Typical vegetation of this area is mountain forest with large diversity of plant species. Among the species, orchid is one of the potential plants found diversely in this location and has not yet been recorded. The exploration activities were conducted at Sicikeh-cikeh forest. Orchid exploration was conducted to collect living plants for ex situ conservation purpose. Orchid inventory, to record orchid diversity in this area, was based on plant collection by purposive random sampling. The results of the study recorded approximately 102 different species from 30 genera of orchids in this area. Typical epiphytic and terrestrial highland orchids were found and very common in Sumatra. Among the species found are endemic Sumatra, such as Coelogyne brachygyne, Coelogyne salmonicolor, Dendrobium kruiense, Epigeneium pulchellum, Thrixspermum gombakense, Corybas stenotribonos and Paphiopedilum tonsum. Interesting terrestrial orchids include Kuhlhasseltia javanica, Neuwiedia zollingeri var. javanica, Paphiopedilum tonsum, Phaius callosus, Corybas stenotribonos, Calanthe aurantiaca, Calanthe chrysoglossoides, and Calanthe pulchra.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Checklist of the Orchidaceae of Laos
    Nordic Journal of Botany 26: 257Á316, 2008 doi: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2008.00265.x, # 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation # Nordic Journal of Botany 2008 Subject Editor: Henrik Ærenlund Pedersen. Accepted 13 October 2008 An annotated checklist of the Orchidaceae of Laos Andre´ Schuiteman, Pierre Bonnet, Bouakhaykhone Svengsuksa and Daniel Barthe´le´my A. Schuiteman ([email protected]), Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Univ. Leiden, PO Box 9514, NLÁ2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands. Á P. Bonnet, CIRAD and UM2, UMR AMAP, FRÁ34000 Montpellier, France. Á B. Svengsuksa, National Univ. of Lao PDR, Faculty of Science, Dept of Biologie, PO Box 7322, Vientiane, Laos PDR. Á D. Barthe´le´my, INRA, UMR AMAP, FRÁ34000 Montpellier, France. A checklist is presented of the orchid flora of Laos, enumerating 485 species in 108 genera. An estimate is given of the expected size of the orchid flora of Laos. Notes on habitat, global and local distribution, endemism, conservation, phenology, as well as a systematic overview complement the checklist. Origin of the checklist Á The karst formations and montane forests in the Lak Xao district, Bolikhamxai province. The checklist presented below grew out of a UNESCO Á Various sites in the Phou Khao Khouay NBCA, project (reference no. 27213102 LAO) and the ORCHIS Vientiane and Bolikhamxai provinces. project (Bhttp://www.orchisasia.org/). The first, entitled Á The Phou Phanang NBCA, Vientiane prefecture. ‘Systematic study of the wild orchids in Lao P.D.R. and Á The Louangphrabang district, Louangphrabang pro- their conservation’, was conducted during the year 2005 by vince. Bouakhaykhone Svengsuksa. Some 700 living orchid speci- Á The Oudomxai district, Oudomxai province.
    [Show full text]
  • A List of Orchid Books
    APPENDIX A list of Orchid Books TIM WING YAM, BENJAMIN SINGER, CHOY SIN HEW, TIIU KULL, IRINA TATARENKO, AND JOSEPH ARDITTI 279 280 T.W. Yam et al. Two private libraries, Benjamin Singer’s (which he donated to the American Orchid Society) and Joseph Arditti’s (its future is yet to be decided, it may be donated to an academic or scientific institutions or sold), served as primary sources for this list. However other sources were also used. The use of multiple sources increased the number of books which are listed but may have introduced errors or imperfections for following reasons. One and the same book may have been listed under different names erroneously. Names of authors may have been misspelled. When books have more than one author, the order of authors may have been presented differently in different lists and/or one or more names may have been omitted, added or misspelled. A book may have been published under different names in more than one country. Books are sometimes published by one publisher in one country and another in a different one. Spelling errors in different lists Translations Different editions Lack of information Conventions used in spelling names like “de” and “van.” Erroneous assumptions regarding Chinese surnames. The Chinese traditions is to list surname first, as for example, Yam Tim Wing which may end up incorrectly as Wing, Y. T. in some lists compiled in the West and correctly as T. W. Yam in others. Only the last names of some authors are listed. Some entries listed as books may in fact be no more than reprints.
    [Show full text]