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Bakalářská Práce Založení, Historie a Současnost Skleníkového Areálu Ve

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Bakalářská Práce Založení, Historie a Současnost Skleníkového Areálu Ve UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI PEDAGOGICKÁ FAKULTA Katedra biologie Bakalářská práce Veronika Pastyříková Založení, historie a současnost skleníkového areálu ve Smetanových sadech v Olomouci Olomouc 2014 Vedoucí práce: Ing. Pavlína Škardová Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem závěrečnou práci vypracovala samostatně dle metodických pokynů vedoucí práce a použila jen uvedených pramenů a literatury. V Olomouci dne 17. dubna 2014 ……………………………… Poděkování Ráda bych poděkovala vedoucí práce paní Ing. Pavlíně Škardové za její odborné rady a cenné připomínky při vypracování bakalářské práce. Dále děkuji panu Ing. Zdeňku Šupovi, vedoucímu oddělení sbírkových skleníků ve Smetanových sadech v Olomouci, za vstřícný přístup a poskytnutí potřebných informací pro zpracování této práce. Obsah ÚVOD ......................................................................................................................................... 7 CÍLE PRÁCE ............................................................................................................................. 8 METODIKA ............................................................................................................................... 9 1 HISTORICKÝ PŘEHLED VÝVOJE SKLENÍKŮ ............................................................. 10 1.1 Vymezení pojmu skleník ............................................................................................... 10 1.2 Historie skleníků ............................................................................................................ 11 2 DĚJINY SMETANOVÝCH SADŮ V OLOMOUCI .......................................................... 13 3 SKLENÍKOVÝ AREÁL ...................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Založení a vývoj skleníkového areálu ............................................................................ 15 3.2 Současný stav skleníkového areálu ................................................................................ 16 3.3 Využití skleníkového areálu pro žáky II. stupně ZŠ ...................................................... 21 3.4 Charakteristika vybraných druhů rostlin ........................................................................ 22 3.4.1 Palmový skleník .................................................................................................... 22 3.4.1.1 Araceae (árónovité) ...................................................................................... 22 3.4.1.1.1 Monstera deliciosa Liebm. – Monstera skvostná ............................. 22 3.4.1.2 Araucariaceae (blahočetovité) .................................................................... 24 3.4.1.2.1 Araucaria bidwillii Hook. - Blahočet Bidwillův .............................. 24 3.4.1.3 Arecaceae (arekovité) .................................................................................. 25 3.4.1.3.1 Howea belmoreana Becc. - Kencie Belmorova ................................ 25 3.4.1.3.2 Washingtonia robusta H. Wendl. - Washingtonie statná .................. 26 3.4.1.4 Asparagaceae (chřestovité) ......................................................................... 27 3.4.1.4.1 Asparagus falcatus L. - Asparágus srpovitý ..................................... 27 3.4.1.5 Euphorbiaceae (pryšcovité) ......................................................................... 28 3.4.1.5.1 Euphorbia trigona Mill. - Pryšec trojúhlý ........................................ 28 3.4.1.6 Malvaceae (slézovité) .................................................................................. 30 3.4.1.6.1 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. - Ibišek čínský ......................................... 30 3.4.1.7 Moraceae (morušovníkovité) ...................................................................... 31 3.4.1.7.1 Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. - Fíkovník pryžodárný ................. 31 3.4.1.8 Orchidaceae (vstavačovité) ......................................................................... 32 3.4.1.8.1 Paphiopedilum Pfitzer - Střevičníkovec ........................................... 32 3.4.1.9 Zamiaceae (kejákovité) ............................................................................... 34 3.4.1.9.1 Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. - Ceratozamie mexická ................. 34 3.4.2 Kaktusový skleník ................................................................................................. 35 3.4.2.1 Asteraceae (hvězdnicovité) .......................................................................... 35 3.4.2.1.1 Senecio rowleyanus Jacobsen - Starček převislý .............................. 35 3.4.2.2 Cactaceae (kaktusovité) .............................................................................. 37 3.4.2.2.1 Astrophytum myriostigma Lem. - Astrofytum mnohoblizné ............ 37 3.4.2.2.2 Echinocactus grusonii Hildm. – Echinokaktus Grusonův ................ 38 3.4.2.2.3 Espostoa lanata (Kunth) Britton & Rose – Espostovka vlnatá ........ 40 3.4.2.2.4 Opuntia microdasys var. pallida (Lehmann) Pfeiffer - Opuncie ...... 41 3.4.2.2.5 Pereskia aculeata (Plum.) Mill. – „Barbadoský angrešt“ ................. 43 3.4.2.2.6 Selenicereus grandiflorus (L.) Britton & Rose - „Královna noci“ ... 44 3.4.2.3 Hyacinthaceae (hyacintovité) ...................................................................... 45 3.4.2.3.1 Ledebouria socialis (Baker) Jessop - Ledebourie ............................. 45 3.4.3 Tropický skleník ................................................................................................... 47 3.4.3.1 Araceae (árónovité) ...................................................................................... 47 3.4.3.1.1 Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch – Zmijovec indický ..................... 47 3.4.3.1.2 Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott – Dieffenbachie pestrá .......... 48 3.4.3.2 Bromeliaceae (broméliovité) ....................................................................... 49 3.4.3.2.1 Ananas comosus var. variegatus (Lowe) Moldenke - Ananasovník chocholatý ......................................................................................................... 49 3.4.3.3 Cyperaceae (šáchorovité) ............................................................................ 51 3.4.3.3.1 Cyperus papyrus L. - Šáchor papírodárný (papyrus) ........................ 51 3.4.3.4 Musaceae (banánovníkovité) ....................................................................... 52 3.4.3.4.1 Musa acuminata Colla ´Dwarf Cavendish´ - Banánovník zakrslý ... 52 3.4.3.5 Orchidaceae (vstavačovité) ......................................................................... 54 3.4.3.5.1 Cymbidium Sw. - Člunatec ............................................................... 54 3.4.3.5.2 Dendrobium Sw. - Stromobytec ...................................................... 55 3.4.3.5.3 Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews - Vanilka pravá ..................... 57 3.4.3.6 Polypodiaceae (osladičovité) ....................................................................... 58 3.4.3.6.1 Platycerium bifurcatum (Cav.) C. Chris. - Parožnatka vidličnatá .... 58 3.4.3.7 Rubiaceae (mořenovité) ............................................................................... 59 3.4.3.7.1 Coffea arabica L. - Kávovník arabský ............................................. 59 3.4.4 Subtropický skleník ............................................................................................... 61 3.4.4.1 Actinidiaceae (aktinidiovité) ........................................................................ 61 3.4.4.1.1 Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa - Aktinidie lahodná (kiwi) ........... 61 3.4.4.2 Droseraceae (rosnatkovité) ......................................................................... 62 3.4.4.2.1 Dionaea muscipula Soland. ex Ellis - Mucholapka podivná ............ 62 3.4.4.3 Fabaceae (bobovité) .................................................................................... 64 3.4.4.3.1 Ceratonia siliqua L. - Rohovník obecný .......................................... 64 3.4.4.4 Lamiaceae (hluchavkovité) ......................................................................... 65 3.4.4.4.1 Rosmarinus officinalis L. - Rozmarýn lékařský ............................... 65 3.4.4.5 Myrtaceae (myrtovité) ................................................................................. 66 3.4.4.5.1 Psidium guajava L. - Kvajáva hrušková ........................................... 66 3.4.4.6 Plumbaginaceae (olověncovité) .................................................................. 67 3.4.4.6.1 Plumbago auriculata Lam. - Olověnec ouškatý ............................... 67 3.4.4.7 Poaceae (lipnicovité) ................................................................................... 69 3.4.4.7.1 Arundo donax L. - Trsť rákosovitá ................................................... 69 3.4.4.8 Rutaceae (routovité) .................................................................................... 70 3.4.4.8.1 Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck - Pomerančovník pravý ........................ 70 ZÁVĚR ..................................................................................................................................... 72 SEZNAM POUŽITÝCH ZDROJŮ .......................................................................................... 74 SEZNAM ZKRATEK .............................................................................................................. 84 SEZNAM PŘÍLOH .................................................................................................................
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