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Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth Fonctions Et Usages Du Mythe Égyptien
Revue de l’histoire des religions 4 | 2018 Qu’est-ce qu’un mythe égyptien ? Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth Fonctions et usages du mythe égyptien Katja Goebs and John Baines Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/rhr/9334 DOI: 10.4000/rhr.9334 ISSN: 2105-2573 Publisher Armand Colin Printed version Date of publication: 1 December 2018 Number of pages: 645-681 ISBN: 978-2-200-93200-8 ISSN: 0035-1423 Electronic reference Katja Goebs and John Baines, “Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth”, Revue de l’histoire des religions [Online], 4 | 2018, Online since 01 December 2020, connection on 13 January 2021. URL: http:// journals.openedition.org/rhr/9334 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/rhr.9334 Tous droits réservés KATJA GOEBS / JOHN BAINES University of Toronto / University of Oxford Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth* This article discusses functions and uses of myth in ancient Egypt as a contribution to comparative research. Applications of myth are reviewed in order to present a basic general typology of usages: from political, scholarly, ritual, and medical applications, through incorporation in images, to linguistic and literary exploitations. In its range of function and use, Egyptian myth is similar to that of other civilizations, except that written narratives appear to have developed relatively late. The many attested forms and uses underscore its flexibility, which has entailed many interpretations starting with assessments of the Osiris myth reported by Plutarch (2nd century AD). Myths conceptualize, describe, explain, and control the world, and they were adapted to an ever-changing reality. Fonctions et usages du mythe égyptien Cet article discute les fonctions et les usages du mythe en Égypte ancienne dans une perspective comparatiste et passe en revue ses applications, afin de proposer une typologie générale de ses usages – applications politiques, érudites, rituelles et médicales, incorporation dans des images, exploitation linguistique et littéraire. -
The Inventory Stele: More Fact Than Fiction
Archaeological Discovery, 2018, 6, 103-161 http://www.scirp.org/journal/ad ISSN Online: 2331-1967 ISSN Print: 2331-1959 The Inventory Stele: More Fact than Fiction Manu Seyfzadeh1, Robert M. Schoch2 1Independent Researcher, Lake Forest, CA, USA 2Institute for the Study of the Origins of Civilization, College of General Studies, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA How to cite this paper: Seyfzadeh, M., & Abstract Schoch, R. M. (2018). The Inventory Stele: More Fact than Fiction. Archaeological The Inventory Stele tells a story about Khufu and the Great Sphinx which Discovery, 6, 103-161. contradicts the current mainstream narrative of when the Sphinx was carved. https://doi.org/10.4236/ad.2018.62007 The story’s historical relevance has long been challenged based on its mention of names and certain details which are believed to be anachronistic to the time Received: March 6, 2018 Accepted: April 16, 2018 of Khufu. Here, we address the elements commonly cited by the critics one by Published: April 19, 2018 one and find that they are largely based on misconceptions in part due to er- rors and oversights contained in the two commonly referenced translations Copyright © 2018 by authors and and based on a missing context which relates to the economics and symbolism Scientific Research Publishing Inc. of supplying provisions to the royal house. We reconstruct a more plausible This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International scenario of why and when the text may have been originally composed and License (CC BY 4.0). who its target audience was. From our analysis we conclude that while we http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ cannot rule out a couple of minor modifications of names from the original Open Access th written version we date to the 5 Dynasty, there is no plausible reason to dis- miss the entire account recorded in this Late Period version on those grounds alone and that the events it describes appear more factual than fictitious. -
The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses provides one of the most comprehensive listings and descriptions of Egyptian deities. Now in its second edition, it contains: ● A new introduction ● Updated entries and four new entries on deities ● Names of the deities as hieroglyphs ● A survey of gods and goddesses as they appear in Classical literature ● An expanded chronology and updated bibliography ● Illustrations of the gods and emblems of each district ● A map of ancient Egypt and a Time Chart. Presenting a vivid picture of the complexity and richness of imagery of Egyptian mythology, students studying Ancient Egypt, travellers, visitors to museums and all those interested in mythology will find this an invaluable resource. George Hart was staff lecturer and educator on the Ancient Egyptian collections in the Education Department of the British Museum. He is now a freelance lecturer and writer. You may also be interested in the following Routledge Student Reference titles: Archaeology: The Key Concepts Edited by Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn Ancient History: Key Themes and Approaches Neville Morley Fifty Key Classical Authors Alison Sharrock and Rhiannon Ash Who’s Who in Classical Mythology Michael Grant and John Hazel Who’s Who in Non-Classical Mythology Egerton Sykes, revised by Allen Kendall Who’s Who in the Greek World John Hazel Who’s Who in the Roman World John Hazel The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses George Hart Second edition First published 2005 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. -
The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Earth Wilbour Studies in Egypt and Ancient Western Asia
THE ANCIEN THE Collections of scenes and texts designated variously as the “Book of the Earth,” “Creation of the Solar Disc,” and “Book of Aker” were inscribed on the walls of royal sarcophagus chambers throughout Egypt’s Ramesside period (Dynasties 19–20). This material illustrated discrete episodes from the The Ancient Egyptian nocturnal voyage of the sun god, which functioned as a model for the resurrection of the deceased T king. These earliest “Books of the Earth” employed mostly ad hoc arrangements of scenes, united E by shared elements of iconography, an overarching, bipartite symmetry of composition, and their GYP Books of the Earth frequent pairing with representations of the double sky overhead. From the Twenty-First Dynasty and later, selections of programmatic tableaux were adapted for use in private mortuary contexts, T I often in conjunction with innovative or previously unattested annotations. The present study collects A and analyzes all currently known Book of the Earth material, including discussions of iconography, BOOKSN OF by Joshua Aaron Roberson grammar, orthography, and architectural setting. Joshua Aaron Roberson is an Assistant Professor in the Department of History, Camden County College. Blackwood, NJ. He has worked as an epigrapher and sigillographer with the University of Pennsylvania expeditions to Saqqara and Abydos and as a sigillographer for the French-Egyptian expedition to the Opet temple at Karnak. He earned his PhD in Egyptology from the University of Pennsylvania. T HE HE EA R T H Joshua Aaron Aaron Joshua Wilbour Studies R o berson Brown University Wilbour Studies in Egypt and Ancient Western Asia, 1 Department of Egyptology and Ancient Western Asian Studies LOCKWOOD PRESS www.lockwoodpress.com LOCKWOOD PRESS Wilbour_cover_template.indd 1 1/27/12 10:24 AM The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Earth Wilbour Studies in Egypt and Ancient Western Asia Series Editors James P. -
Opet Festival عيد األوبت
OPET FESTIVAL عيد اﻷوبت John Coleman Darnell EDITORS WILLEKE WENDRICH Editor-in-Chief University of California, Los Angeles JACCO DIELEMAN Editor Area Editor Religion University of California, Los Angeles ELIZABETH FROOD Editor University of Oxford JOHN BAINES Senior Editorial Consultant University of Oxford Short Citation: Darnell, 2010, Opet Festival. UEE. Full Citation: Darnell, John Coleman, 2010, Opet Festival. In Jacco Dieleman, Willeke Wendrich (eds.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz0025n765 1131 Version 1, December 2010 http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/viewItem.do?ark=21198/zz0025n765 OPET FESTIVAL عيد اﻷوبت John Coleman Darnell Opetfest Fête d’Opet The annual Opet Festival, during which the bark of Amun—and ultimately those of Mut, Khons, and the king as well—journeyed from Karnak to Luxor, became a central religious celebration of ancient Thebes during the 18th Dynasty. The rituals of the Opet Festival celebrated the sacred marriage of Amun—with whom the king merged—and Mut, resulting in the proper transmission of the royal ka and thus ensuring the maintenance of kingship. أصبح اﻻحتفال بعيد اﻷوبت السنوي احتفال ديني مركزي في طيبة القديمة أثناء اﻷسرة الثامنة عشرة حيث كان يبحر خﻻله آمون بمركبه وتلحقه موت وخونسو وكذلك الملك، من معبد الكرنك إلى معبد اﻷقصر. وكانت الطقوس الخاصة بعيد اﻷوبت تحتفل بالزواج المقدس ﻵمون، والذي قد إندمج معه الملك، وموت مما ينتج عنه انتقال صحيح لـل <<كا>> الملكيه، مما يضمن بقاء الملكية واستمراريتھا. he Opet Festival, eponymous Festival is also known (Epigraphic Survey celebration of the month Paophi 1934: pls. 157 - 158, list 39, III Akhet 17). -
Religion Teachers Pack 2011
Y Ganolfan Eifftaidd The Egypt Centre Amgueddfa henebau’r Aifft Museum of Egyptian Antiquities Prifysgol Abertawe Parc Singleton Swansea University, Singleton Park, Abertawe, SA2 8PP Swansea, SA2 8PP 01792 295960 Dear Thank you for booking your Religion session for schools at the Egypt Centre. Please find enclosed the Teachers Activity pack for religion. Packs will be ready on clipboards with pencils for your group. The students will not be expected to work unaided but take part in the activities with the Centre's trained assistants. Teachers and children may bring cameras but we do not allow flash photography in the museum galleries, due to conservation issues regarding safe light levels. The activity leaders are mainly unpaid volunteers and although all activities are museum led we do ask that you ensure the children are supervised at all times. A £2 a head charge is made for the children who attend the activity day at the museum to cover costs. We also have a shop selling 'Egyptian' merchandise starting from 20p. Please could you make cheques payable to Swansea University. We look forward to seeing you and hope you enjoy your visit to the Egypt Centre. Any comments on how we can improve our service to you will be gratefully received. Yours sincerely Wendy Goodridge Assistant curator The Egypt Centre Hierogift Shop ‘GOODIE’ BAGS FACILITY The museum shop is available to use for all visiting parties during their time at the centre. There are many items geared towards school children, and at a very affordable price. Items start from 20p. There should be (time permitting) chance for your group to visit the shop at some time during the day. -
History of the Balkan Egyptians 1.0
INTerCULTURALISM AND The BOLOGNA PROCESS An EU funded project managed by the BAlkan Egyptians COUNCIL CONSeiL European Commission Liaison Office OF EUROpe DE L´EUROpe Implemented by the Council of Europe and AShkAlI HistoRy History of the Balkan Egyptians 1.0 By Rubin Zemon The issue of the Balkan Egyptians’ identity, ethno-culture and history is one of the hardest scientific prob- lems. Bearing in mind that a history is not an issue of the past, but an answer to the needs of modern life, it is also very important to find a way, how a particular historical context or tradition is used in the current process of construction of identity. We will try to make the first effort to construct the history of the Balkan Egyptians, using some of the available historiography, archaeological and other scientific facts and results. usage of iron. The beginning of this iron age and the „iron HISTORICAL FACTS ABOUT BALKAN EGYPTIANS revolution“ periodically coincides with the so-called rule of IN PRE-ANCIENT AND ANCIENT TIMES the XIX Dynasty in Egypt, or the Pharaohs Seth I (1294-1279 BC) and Ramesses II (1279 - 1213 BC) [2]. As they were Until the middle of the second millennium BC in the eastern mostly looking to use iron, these pharaohs began to import Mediterranean, the country and civilization of ancient Egypt iron from countries near Egypt, but also from distant countries had great power and influence. From the XII century BC the such as Anatolia, the Balkans, North of Apennine, Cuprous, usage of bronze in the economy started to be replaced with the Peloponnese etc. -
Textual Evidence for the Function of the “Botanical Garden” of Karnak in the Initiation Ritual
oi.uchicago.edu i ORIENTAL INSTITUTE, THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO STUDIES IN ANCIENT ORIENTAL CIVILIZATION • NUMBER 61 CHICAGO • ILLINOIS Series Editors Leslie Schramer and Thomas G. Urban oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu iii OCCASIONAL PROCEEDINGS OF THE THEBAN WORKSHOP SACRED SPACE AND SACRED FUNCTION IN ANCIENT THEBES edited by PETER F. DORMAN and BETSY M. BRYAN STUDIES IN ANCIENT ORIENTAL CIVILIZATION • VOLUME 61 THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO CHICAGO • ILLINOIS oi.uchicago.edu Library of Congress Control Number: 2006941012 ISBN: 978-1-885923-46-2 ISSN: 0081-7554 The Oriental Institute, Chicago © 2007 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 2007. Printed in the United States of America. Series Editors’ Acknowledgments Lindsay DeCarlo and Katie L. Johnson assisted in the produc- tion of this volume. Cover Illustration Watercolor by David Roberts Showing Columns Decorated by Ramesses IV at the Great Hypostyle Hall, Karnak. See herein page 53 and figure 5.4. Printed by McNaughton & Gunn, Saline, Michigan The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Services — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. oi.uchicago.edu v TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. vii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ -
Egyptian Myth and Legend
EGYPTIAN MYTH AND LEGEND Donald Mackenzie EGYPTIAN MYTH AND LEGEND Table of Contents EGYPTIAN MYTH AND LEGEND................................................................................................................1 Donald Mackenzie...................................................................................................................................1 PREFACE................................................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................4 CHAPTER I. Creation Legend of Sun Worshippers............................................................................17 CHAPTER II. The Tragedy of Osiris....................................................................................................23 CHAPTER III. Dawn of Civilization.....................................................................................................30 CHAPTER IV. The Peasant who became King....................................................................................36 CHAPTER V. Racial Myths in Egypt and Europe...............................................................................45 CHAPTER VI. The City of the Elf God................................................................................................50 CHAPTER VII. Death and the Judgment..............................................................................................54 -
The Sphinx ( Illustrated)
THE SPHINX. BY THE EDITOR. THE sphinx has become to us an emblem" of an unsolvable prob- lem. Indeed we often mean by it the problem of problems, the riddle of the universe. In ancient history we find the first traces of the sphinx in this sense in the CEdipus legends whence the name has been derived, for sphinx means "throttled." According to Hesiod, Sphinx was the daughter of Chimaera and Orthrus ; according to others, of Echidna and Typhon. Hera (or, as some accounts have it. Ares or Dionysus), in anger at the crimes of Laius, sent her to Thebes from Ethiopia. She took up her abode on a rock near the city and gave to every passer-by the well-known riddle, "What walks on four legs in the morning, on two at noon, and on three in the evening?" She flung from the rock all who could not answer it. When (Edipus explained the riddle rightly, as referring to man in the successive stages of infancy, the prime of life, and old age, she flung herself down from the rock.^ The origin of the sphinx idea seems to have come originally from Egypt, and when the Greeks came to Egypt they called the strange figures of humanheaded lions by the name of the mythical creature with which they had become familiar in their heroic legends. Professor Wiedemann says (Religion of the Ancient Egyp- tians, 194-200) : "The sphinx of the Egyptian had little in common with the sphinx of the Greeks, beyond the name given to it by the latter people. -
SETH – a MISREPRESENTED GOD in the ANCIENT EGYPTIAN PANTHEON? a Thesis Submitted to the University of Manchester for the Degre
SETH – A MISREPRESENTED GOD IN THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN PANTHEON ? A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Life Sciences. 2012 Philip John Turner 2 1. C ontent s 3 1.1 List of Figures 6 2. Abst ract 7 3. Introduction 13 3 .1 Egyptian Religion 13 3 .2 Scholarship on Seth 14 3.2.1 Seth: Name, Iconography and Character 15 3 .3 Research Problem/Questions 1 8 4 . Seth in Predynastic Egypt 4400 -3100 B.C.E. 21 4 .1 Introduction 21 4.2 The Badarian culture in Ancient Egypt 21 4 . 3 The Amratian (Naqada I) culture in Ancient Egypt 22 4 . 4 The Gerzean (Naqada II) culture in Ancient Egypt 2 5 4.5 Summary 2 9 5. The Early Dynastic Period and the Old Kingdom 3100 to 2181 B.C.E. 32 5.1 Introduction 32 5 . 2 The Unification of Egypt 32 5 . 3 The First Dynasty 33 5 . 4 The Second Dynasty 3 5 5 . 5 The Old Kingdom 3 6 5.6 Seth and the Pyramid Texts 40 5.6.1 The negative texts (69 in number , 9.1% ) 42 5.6.2 The positive texts (20 in number , 2.6 %) 43 5.6.3 The neutral texts (44 in number , 5.8% ) 4 3 5.7 The Sixth Dynasty 4 4 5.8 Summary 4 4 6. The First Intermediate Period and Middle Ki ngdom 2181 -1782 B.C.E. 4 6 6.1 Introduction 4 6 6.2 The S event h D ynas t y 4 6 6.3 The Ei ght h and Nineth Dynasties 4 8 6.4 The Tent h Dynas t y 4 8 6.5 The El eventh D ynas t y 4 8 6.6 The Twel fth Dynasty 4 9 6.7 The C o ffin Tex ts 51 6.7.1 The negative texts (72 in number , 6.0% ) 52 6.7.2 The posi tive t exts (27 in number , 2.0% ) 53 6.7.3 The neutral tex ts (32 in numbe r, 3.0% ) 53 6.8 Summary 53 7. -
Egyptian Religion Syll10
Anthro 176TS Ancient Egyptian Religion Fall 2010 What’s up with this dog headed guy? And what is he doing with that Mummy? How and why did the Egyptians make Mummies anyhow? And what about those Pyramids? How could they possibly have built them and why would they want to? Discover the answers to these questions and explore the mysterious realm of ancient Egyptian Religion, with its massive temples, multitude of gods and goddesses and fascinating funeral rites. Perform actual Egyptian temple and funeral rituals, and a 2500 year old play “The Triumph of Horus”! This course will investigate ancient Egyptian religious beliefs and practices, their origin, and development. The great mythic Solar Cycle of creation and Osirian Cycle of betrayal and revenge, death and rebirth are discussed, as well as the place of the myriad local and minor Gods and Goddesses within Egyptian mythology. The dynamics behind the monotheistic “Revolution” of Pharaoh Akhenaton are investigated, and the connections of Atenism with Moses, Israelite Monotheism and the Bible explored. The interaction of sacred and secular in Egyptian society is considered through the nature of divine kingship, large temple institutions, and funerary foundations. The relationship between the state cults and private worship by noble and commoner is explored, and the nature and potency of ancient Egyptian magic and curses investigated. The nature and development of Egyptian funerary beliefs are also detailed, including the history and significance of pyramids and tombs, mummification, and the process of ‘democratization’ of the afterlife, as individuals gradually took hold of their own destinies after death at the expense of the Pharaohs.