AFROTROPICAL 17th edition (2018). MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb

AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES

(complete from 1973 to 2016)

E-mail: [email protected]

This file contains references to publications that refer specifically to butterflies and skippers in the Afrotropical Region.

* Indicates that a PDF of this publication or the publication itself is in my possession.

*ABBOTT, C.H. 1962. A migration problem – Vanessa cardui (), the Painted Lady . Journal of the Lepidopterist’s Society 16 (4): 229-233. *ABDALLAH, A.M.M. 2000. Some aspects of the biology of the lemon butterfly demodocus Esper. (; Papilionidae) and its preference to three citrus cultivars. Honours Thesis, University of Khartoum. *ABERLENC, H.P., ANDRIAMAMPIANINA, L., FAURE, E., LEES, D.C., MINET, J., OIVIER, L., RAFAMANTANANTSOA, C., RANDRIANANDRASANA, M. & RAZAFINDRAKOTOMAMONJY, A. 2007. Le Radeau des Cimes au Parc national de Masoala (). Premiere partie: elements pour un inventaire des Lepidopteres. Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Linneene de Lyon 76 (6): 141-154. [Checklist] ABU YAMAN, I.K. 1973. Biological studies on the citrus leaf caterpillar, Esp. (Lepid., Papilionidae) in Saudi Arabia. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 72 (1-4): 376-383. *ACKERY, P.R. 1987. Diversity and phantom competition in African Acraeine butterflies.

1 Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 30: 291-297. *ACKERY, P.R. 1988. Hostplants and classification: a review of nymphalid butterflies. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society 33: 95-203. ACKERY, P.R. 1988. Biocontrol potential of African lycaenid butterflies entomophagous on Homoptera. Revue de Zoologie Africaine 107: 581-591. ACKERY, P.R. 1990. Biocontrol potential of African lycaenid butterflies entomophagous on Homoptera. Journal of African Zoology 104 (6): 581-591. [, Miletinae] *ACKERY, P.R. 1991. Host plant utilization by African and Australian butterflies. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 44 (4): 335-351. [Papilionoidea] ACKERY, P.R. 2002. Emin Pasha’s butterflies – a case for Casati?. Archives of Natural History 29 (3): 347-352. [Papilionoidea] ACKERY, P.R., GOODGER, K., & LEES, D. 2002. The Burgermeister’s butterfly. Journal of the History of Collections 14: 225-230. [Papilionoidea] ACKERY, P.R., & RAJAN, S. 1988. A manuscript host-list of the Afrotropical butterflies. British Museum (Natural History), London 1988: 1-54. ACKERY, P.R., SMITH, C.R., VANE-WRIGHT, R.I., et al. 1995. Carcasson's African Butterflies: An annotated Catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: i-xi, 1-803. [Papilionoidea] [#book] [Checklist] ACKERY, P.[R.], & TOMEI, J. 1999. Reconstructing historical butterfly collections – collections made by Emin Pasha (1885-7) and on the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition (1886-90). Antenna 23 (1): 13-20. [Papilionoidea] *ACKERY, P.R. & VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 1985. Patterns of plant utilization by danaine butterflies. Proceedings of the 3rd Congress of European Lepidoptera, Cambridge, 1982: 3-6. *ADAMS, I. 2017. Poised for extinction – unravelling habitat requirements of two endangered butterflies (Kedestes barberae bunta and Kedestes lenis lenis) in a hotspot. Master’s thesis, University of Cape Town. *ADDO-FORDJOUR, P. OSEI, B.A. & KPONTSU, E.A. 2015. Butterfly community assemblages in relation to human disturbance in a tropical upland forest in , and implications for conservation. Journal of Biodiversity 3 (6): 1-18. ADU-PAKOH, D., OPPONG, S.K. & ADUSE-POKU, K. 2008. Influence of cocoa agro- ecosystem on fruit-feeding nymphalid butterflies. Journal of the Ghana Science Association 10 (2): ? *ADUSE-POKU, K., BRATTSTROM, O., KODANDARAMAIAH, U., LEES, D.C., BRAKEFIELD, P.M. & WAHLBERG, N. 2015. Systematics and historical biogeography of the old world butterfly subtribe Mycalesina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: . Evolutionay Biology 15: 167. DOI 10.1186/s12862-015-0449-3 *ADUSE-POKU, K., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., WAHLBERG, N. & BRATTSTROM, O. 2016. Expanded molecular phylogeny of the Bicyclus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) shows the importance of increased sampling for detecting semi-cryptic and highlights potentials for future studies. Systematics and Biodiversity. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2016.1226979 *ADUSE-POKU, K. & DOKU-MARFO, E. 2007. A rapid survey of butterflies in the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, Ghana. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 47: 55-60. [Checklist] *ADUSE-POKU, K., LEES, D.C., BRATTSTROM, O., KODANDARAMAIAH, U., COLLINS, S.C., WAHLBERG, N. & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2016. Molecular phylogeny and generic-level of the widespread palaeotropical ‘Heteropsis ’ (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Mycalesina). Systematic Entomology 2016, 15pp. DOI: 10.1111/syen.12183 *ADUSE-POKU, K., ODURO, W., OPPONG, S.K., LARSEN, T., OFORI-BOATENG, C. &

2 MOLLEMAN, F. 2012. Spatial and temporal variation in butterfly biodiversity in a West African forest: lessons for establishing efficient rapid monitoring programmes. African Journal of Ecology 50 (3): 326-334. Abstract: Because tropical forests face serious threats and are usually situated in developing countries, cheap and easy Rapid Biodiversity Assessment (RBA) seems an ideal strategy for documenting changes in habitat quality and setting conservation priorities. Fruit-feeding butterflies are often used as focal taxa to document biodiversity trends in tropical forests. However, the choice of inappropriate sampling strategies may nullify its value. More extensive data sets that sample multiple months and seasons and incorporate the vertical dimension are needed as a baseline for designing reliable sampling regimes. Therefore, we performed a butterfly trapping study in Ghana, using both understorey and canopy traps, and sampling seven periods covering dry and wet seasons. Both individual numbers and species richness were on average three to four times higher in the understorey than in the canopy traps with strikingly different species composition (only 11% overlap in species). The number of species and individual abundance recorded in a month varied extensively. This study underlined the importance of taking into account temporal variation and vertical stratification when designing RBAs of fruit- feeding butterflies in West African forests. We recommend the use of both understorey and canopy traps and inclusion of both wet and dry seasons into RBA sampling regimes. *ADUSE-POKU, K., VINGERHOEDT, E. & WAHLBERG, N. 2009. Out-of-Africa again: A phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on five gene regions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53: 463-478. *AGIUS, J. 2014. Danaus chrysippus form alcippoides (Linnaeus, 1758) a new form for the Maltese Islands (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: ). Shilap-Revista Lepidopterologia 42(167): 429–432. AGRAWAL, D.P., SAXENA, R.C., & BAIS, A.K. 1978. Histochemistry of the male germ cells of Danais [Danaus] chrysippus Linn. (Lepidoptera). Annals of Zoology (Agra) 14 (1): 1-13. AKANBI, M.O. 1971. The biology, ecology and control of Phalanta phalanta [phalantha] Drury (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), defoliation of Populus spp. in . Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Nigeria 3 (1): 19-26. *AKITE, P. 2008. Effects of anthropogenic disturbances on the diversity and composition of the butterfly fauna of sites in the Sango Bay and Iriiri areas, : implications for conservation. African Journal of Ecology 46 (Supplement 1): 3-13. AKITE, P. & OLANYA, A. 2009. Ecological Baseline Surveys of Lake Bisina, Lake Opeta, Lake Mburo and Nakivali Wetlands Systems. Chapter 3: . Butterfly fauna of Lake Bisina- Opeta wetland systems and Lake Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems, pp. 41-52. AKWASHIKI, B.A., AMUGA, G.A., MWANSAT, G.S. & OMBUGADU, R.J. 2008 [2007]. Assessment of butterfly diversity in eagle owl gully of Amurum Forest Reserve local government area, Plateau State, Nigeria. The Zoologist 5: 33-38. [Checklist] ALLEN, C.E. 2008. The ‘Eyespot Module’ and eyespots as modules: Development, evolution, and integration of a complex phenotype. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution 310B (2): 179-190. [Bicyclus anynana] ALTENROXEL, B.A. 2016. The Yellow-banded Sapphire Iolaus nasisii: First record of this butterfly in in more than thirty years. Biodiversity Observations 7.2: 1–3. URL: http://bo.adu.org.za/content.php?id=195 AMIET, J.-L. 1997. Specialisation trophique et premiers etats chez le Cymothoe: implications taxonomiques (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 102 (1): 15-29. [Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae] AMIET, J.-L. 1998a. Les premiers etats des Bebearia catunoides du Cameroun (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 103 (2): 101-138. [Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae] AMIET, J.-L. 1998b. Premiers etats et plantes-hotes de huit especes d’Euptera du Cameroun (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 103: 415-442. [Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae. Early stages and foodplants of eight species of Euptera from ] AMIET, J.-L. 1999. Comportement prenymphal et nymphe chez les Euriphene Boisduval. Implications phylogeniques (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 104 (2): 117-140. [Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae]

3 AMIET, J.-L. 2001. Les premiers etats des Cymothoe: morphologie et interet phylogenique (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 106 (4): 349- 390. [Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae] AMIET, J.-L. 2002. A propos des premiers etats de Pseudoneptis bugandensis Stoneham, 1935 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 107 (3): 231- 242. [Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae] AMIET, J.-L. 2003a. Les premiers etats de trois especes du genre Catuna Kirby, 1871 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 108 (1): 7-26. [Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae; early stages of Catuna angustatum, Catuna crithea, Catuna niji] AMIET, J.-L. 2003b. Les premiers etats de neuf especes du Bebearia camerounaises (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 108 (4): 333-353. [Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae; early stages of nine species of Bebearia] AMIET, J.-L. 2004. Types de chenilles et de nymphes chez les Euphaedra du Cameroun (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitinae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 109 (4): 333-359. [Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae. Diagnostic characters for Bebearia and Euphaedra] AMIET, J.-L., & ACHOUNDONG, G. 1996. Un exemple de specialisation trophique chez les lepidopteres: les Cymothoe camerounaises infeodes aux Rinorea (Violacees) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 101 (5): 449-466. [Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae] AMIET, J.-L., CHOVET, G., COLLINS, S., & LIBERT, M. 1998. Diagnoses preliminaires de nouveaux du genre Euptera Staudinger (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome II): 271-284. [Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae] AMIET, J.-L., CHOVET, G., & LIBERT, M. 1993. Caracteres generaux, subdivisions et eco- ethologie du genre Euptera Staudinger (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 98 (1): 47-76. [Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae] AMIET, J.-L., KRATOCHVIL, L., MORAVEC, J., BENDA, P., DANDOVA, R., KAFTAN, M., KLOSOVA, K., MIKULOVA, P., NOVA, P., & SCHWARZOVA, L. 2000. Premiers etats de Pseudacraea et Neptis du Cameroun: Morphologie et ethologie comparees, phylogenie (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 105 (2): 131-174. [Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae] AMIET, J.-L., & LIBERT, M. 1995. Biodiversite et repartition spatiale des lepidopteres rhopaloceres du Mont Bana (Cameroun). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 100 (3): 221-240. [Papilionoidea; Cameroon] [Checklist] AMIET, J.-L., & LIBERT, M. 2002. Biogeographie des genres Euptera Staudinger et Pseudathyma Staudinger. African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi & Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren, i-ii, pp. 177. Chapter pagination: 147-164. [Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae; @chap] ANGAS, G.F. [1849]. The Kafirs illustrated in a series of drawings taken among the Amazulu, Amapondo, and Amakosa tribes, etc. London. 1-52. ANONYMOUS 1959. Butterfly list. Government Printer, Pretoria. [#book] [Checklist] ANONYMOUS 1976. Top secret. The army is guarding a butterfly. African Wildlife 30 (5): 52-53. [Lepidochrysops methymna dicksoni] ANONYMOUS 1981. Cymothoe. Lambillionea 81 (5-6) (Supplement): 103-104. [Cymothoe, Euptera, Kumothales; illustrations] ANONYMOUS 1982. Marine observers’ log. Insects. Marine Observer 52 No. 277: 129-133. [] ANONYMOUS 1985. The Marine Observers’ log – October, November, December. Butterflies. Marine Observer 55 No. 290: 190-191. [ eponina, Lachnocnema bibulus] ANONYMOUS 1987. Marine Observers log. January, February, March. Butterfly. Indian Ocean. Marine Observer 57 No. 295: 22. [Melanitis leda] ANONYMOUS 1989. Acraeid butterfly larva attacks the red granadilla. CSFRI Information

4 Bulletin No. 206: 2,4. [Acraea neobule; South Africa] *ANONYMOUS 1990. Cycles [a poem]. Metamorphosis 1 (25): 6. ANONYMOUS 1994. Report on meetings. Antenna 18: 153. [Papilionidae, Papilio antimachus; isolation of cardiac glycosides from larva.] ANONYMOUS 1996. The Marine Observer's Log. Insects. Marine Observer 66 (332): 61, 77. [Papilionoidea. Migrant butterflies recorded from ship, Red Sea, Yemen.] ANONYMOUS 2001. Un gynandromorphe chez les Euphaedra (Nympalidae [Nymphalidae] africains). Lambillionea 101 (4) (Tome I): 550. ANONYMOUS 2002. Interesting insect and arachnid observations. CCA Ecological Journal 4: 182. [ pisistratus; Phinda, South Africa] *ANONYMOUS 2007. Addendum and corrigendum for two papers previously published in Metamorphosis. Metamorphosis 18 (1): 45. [Lepidochrysops balli; Chrysoritis braueri; larval foodplants] *ANONYMOUS 2010. A tribute to Ivan Bampton – born England 29th April 1926 – died South th Africa 29 May 2010. Metamorphosis 21 (4): 183-207. [Obituary] *ANSORGE, W.J. 1899. Under the African Sun. xiv; 1-355. ARCHER, A.L., COLLINS, S., & BAMPTON, I. 1991. Report on a visit to Jozani Forest, Zanzibar. East Africa Natural History Society Bulletin 21 (4): 59-66. [Checklist] *ARMBRUSTER, W.S., & MZIRAY, W.R. 1987. Pollination and herbivore ecology of an African Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae): comparisons with New World species. Biotropica 19 (1): 64-73. [Nymphalidae] *ARMSTRONG, A.J. 1995. Butterflies of the afforestable region of the Maclear District. Metamorphosis 6 (1): 19-21. [Checklist] *ARMSTRONG, A.J. 1998. Protection of lepidoptera and collection of specimens in protected areas. [letter to the Editor]. Metamorphosis 9 (3): 141-143. *ARMSTRONG, A.J. 2002. Insects and the determination of priority areas for biodiversity conservation in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. African Entomology 10 (1): 11-27. *ARMSTRONG, A.J. & LOUW, S.L. 2005. Monitoring of Karkloof blue butterfly Orachrysops ariadne eggs in the Nkandla area. Unpublished PDF file. *ARMSTRONG, A.J. & LOUW, S.L. 2013. Monitoring of the eggs of the Karkloof blue butterfly, Orachrysops ariadne, for its conservation management. Koedoe 55 (1): 1-11. ARMSTRONG, A.J., & VAN-HENSBERGEN, H.J. 1997. A test of the applicability of a wildlife conservation evaluation method to an afforestable region of . South African Journal of Wildlife Research 27 (2): 73-77. ARMSTRONG, A.J., & VAN-HENSBERGEN, H.J. 1999. Identification of priority regions for conservation in afforestable montane grasslands of the northern Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Biological Conservation 81 (1): 93-103. ARNOUX, M., ATTAL, S. & TURLIN, B. 2015. Description d’un hybride de Charaxes du ‘groupe tiridates’ en Republique de Guinee (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, ). Entomologia Africana 20 (2): 15-22. ATKINS, A. 1999. Origins of the Trapezitinae (Hesperiidae): a preliminary faunal and biological survey in Madagascar and Mauritius. Victorian Entomologist 29 (5): 92-97. AUBERGER, M., & MINIG, A. 1975. Description d’une nouvelle forme femelle de Charaxes manica subrubidus Van Someren (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 37 (1): 239-241. AUDEOUD, G.E. 1936. Description de six espèces ou sous-espèces nouvelles de rhopalocères africains. Bulletin de la Société Lépidoptérologique de Genève 7: 184-187. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1880. Lepidoptera Damarensia. Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps- Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 36 (7): 39-69. [Checklist] AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1881. Om en Samling Fjärilar frän Gaboon. Entomologisk Tidskrift 2: 38-47.

5 AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1882. Recensio critica Lepidopterorum Musei Ludovicae Ulricae quae descripsit Carolus A Linné. Kungliga Svenska Veteskapsakademiens Handlingar 19 (5): 1- 188. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1887. Förteckning över en samling Coleoptra och Lepidoptera fraxn Kongoflodens onraxde, skänkt till Riksmuseum af löjtnant M. Juhlin-Dannfelt. Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 5: 305-314. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1889. En ny art af slägtet Charaxes Ochs. Entomologisk Tidskrift 10: 191-192. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1891. Verzeichniss, Einer von Herrn Fritz Theorin aus Gabun und dem Gebeite des Camerunflusses Heimgebrachten Schmetterlings-Sammlung. Entomologisk Tidskrift 12: 193-228. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1892. Verzeichniss, Einer von Herrn Fritz Theorin aus Gabun und dem Gebeite des Camerunflusses Heimgebrachten Schmetterlings-Sammlung. Entomologisk Tidskrift 13: 181-200. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1893. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Insektenfauna von Kameroun. 2. Tagfalter. Entomologisk Tidskrift 14: 257-292. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1894. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Insektenfauna von Kameroun. 2. Tagfalter. Entomologisk Tidskrift 15: 273-314. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1895a. Diagnosen neuer tagfalter aus Afrika. Entomologisches Nachrichten. Berlin. 21: 379-382. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1895b. Neue Acraeiden aus dem Congo-Gebiete. Entomologisk Tidskrift 16: 111-112. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1895c. Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteren aus Afrika. Entomologisk Tidskrift. 16: 113-120. *AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1895d. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Insektenfauna von Kameroun. Entomologisk Tidskrift 16: 195-220; 255-268. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1896a. Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteran aus dem Congo-Gebiete. Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 53: 431-436. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1896b. Ueber die veränderlichkeit von zwei Afrikanischen Papilio- Arten. Entomologisk Tidskrift 17: 71-74. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1896c. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Insektenfauna von Kameroun. 2. Tagfalter. Entomologisk Tidskrift 17: 279-291. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1897. Neue Nymphaliden aus dem Congogebiete. Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 54: 279-286. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1898a. Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteren aus Afrika. Entomologisk Tidskrift. 18: 213-222. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1898b. Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteren aus Afrika. Entomologisk Tidskrift. 19: 177-186. *AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1899. Rhopalocera Aethiopica. Die Tagfalter des aethiopischen Faunengebietes: eine Systematische-Geographische Studie. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 31 (5): 1-561. [#book] AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1900. Verzeichniss einer von dem Herren Missionären E. Laman und W. Sjöholm bei Mukinbungu am unteren Congo zu sammengebrachten Schmetterlings sammlung. Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 57: 1039-1058. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1901. Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteren aus Afrika. Entomologisk Tidskrift. 22: 113-128. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1903. Verzeichnis einer Schmetterlingssammlung aus dem Katanga- Gebiete im südwestlichen theile des Congostaates. Arkiv för Zoologi 1: 245-254. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1904a. Lepidoptera (of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt and

6 the White Nile). In: Jägerskiöld, L.A. Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt and the White Nile. Part 1: 9 pp. Uppsala, Sweden. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1904b. Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteren aus Afrika. Entomologisk Tidskrift. 25: 92-96. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1904c. Eine interessante neue Papilio-Art aus Afrika. EInsektenbörse 21: 363. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1905. Lieutnant A. Schultzes Sammlung von Lepidopteren aus West- Afrika. Arkiv för Zoologi 2 (12): 1-47. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1906a. Verzeichnis von Lepidopteren, gesammelt bei Mukimbunga am unteren Kongo von Herrn E. Laman. Arkiv för Zoologi 3 (1): 1-16. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1906b. Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteren aus Afrika. Arkiv för Zoologi 3 (19): 1-7. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1907. Über einige Formen des Weibchens von Papilio dardanus Brown. Arkiv för Zoologi 3 (23): 1-7. *AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1908-1924. In: Seitz, A. The Macrolepidoptera of the World 13. Stuttgart. [#book] [See Seitz, 1908-1925] AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1909a. Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera und Heterocera (Pars 1) von Madagaskar, den Comoren und den Inseln Ostafrikas. In: Voeltzkow, A. Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren 1903-1905 2: 309-348. Stuttgart. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1909b. Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteren aus Afrika. Arkiv för Zoologi 5 (5): 1-29. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1910a. Schmetterlinge Gesammelt in Westafrika von Leonardo Fea in den Jahren 1897-1902. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (di Genova) Giacoma Doria (3) 4: 494-530. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1910b. Lepidoptera. In: Sjöstedt, B.Y. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-OstAfrikas 1905-1906 2 (9): 56 pp. Stockholm. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1916. Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteren aus Afrika. Arkiv för Zoologi 10 (14): 1-6. *AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1921. Sammlungen der schwedischen Elgon-Expedition im Jahre 1920. I. Lepidopteren. Arkiv för Zoologi 14 (5): 1-27. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1922. Lépidoptères Rhopalocères. In: Rothschild, M. Extrait du voyage de M. le Baron Maurice de Rothschild en Ethiopie et Afrique Orientale Anglaise. 333-386. Paris. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1925a. Zoological results of the Swedish expedition to central Africa 1921. Insecta. 12. Lepidoptera. 1. Arkiv för Zoologi 17 (A) (32): 1-20. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1925b. Lepidoptera. IV. Teil. Ergebnisse der Zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition 1 (18): 1243-1359. AURIVILLIUS, [P.O.]C. 1925c. Om F. Bryks samlingar i Ost-Afrika. Entomologisk Tidskrift. 46: 206-212. AVINOFF, A. 1926. Descriptions of some new species and the varieties of Rhopalocera in the Carnegie Museum. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 16: 355-374. *AVULETEY, R. & NIBA, A.S. 2014. Butterfly (Lepidoptera) assemblage composition and distribution patterns in King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa. African Entomology 22(1): 57–67. AWODEY, L. 1978. Vertical migrations of butterflies on Mt . East African Natural History Society Bulletin 1978: 79-81. *AYIEMBA, W.O. 1997. Butterfly monitoring in Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, Kenya. Metamorphosis Occasional Supplement No.3: 139. AYIEMBA, W.O. 2003. The utilisation of Arabuko-Sokoke Forest butterflies is sustainable. In:

7 HOORWEG, J., & MUTHIGA, N. [Eds]. Recent advances in coastal ecology. African Studies Research Report 70/2003. African Studies Centre, Leiden: i-xvi, 1-396. Chapter pagination: 359-370. [Kenya @chap] AZEREFEGNE, F. & SOLBRECK, C. 2010. Oviposition preference and larval performance of the sweet potato butterfly Acraea acerata on Ipomoea species in . Agricultural and Forest Entomology 12 (2): 161-168. *AZEREFEGNE, F., SOLBRECK, C., & IVES, A.R. 2001. Environmental forcing and high amplitude fluctuations in the population dynamics of the tropical butterfly Acraea acerata (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Journal of Animal Ecology 70 (6): 1032-1045. BACELAR, A. 1948. Lepidópteros de Africa principalmente das Colónias Portuguesas. Arquivos do Museu Bocage (19): 165-206. BACELAR, A. 1949. Macrolepidópteros (Rhopalocera) da Guiné Portuguesa. Anais da Junta de Investigaço-es do Ultramar 4 (4): 71-104. BACELAR, A. 1956. Compendium entomologicum angolae – II. Lepidópteros (Rhopalocera) de Buco Zau, enclave de Cabinda, . Anais da Junta de Investigaço-es do Ultramar 11 (3): 173-197. BACELAR, A. 1958. Alguns Lepidópteros (Rhopalocera) do enclava de Cabinda. Revista Portuguesa de Zoologia e Biologia Geral 1: 197-217. BACELAR, A. 1961. Lepidopteros do Bié (Rhopalocera) da colecção do Colégio de São Bento, em Luso (Angola). Mem. Jta. Invest. Ultramar (2) 23: 59-81. BACK, H.E. 1978. Vorkommen und Verbreitung der Rhopaloceren in der zentralen Sahara. Note Divulgative Istituto di Entomologia Agraria della Universita di Napoli 1 (2): 53-63. BACK, W. 1982. Uber die Biologie von Euchloe chalonia amseli Gross und Ebert, 1975 (Lep., ). Atalanta (Marktleuthen) 13 (1): 48-60. BACK, W. 1984. Die Praimaginalstadien von Euchloe falloui Allard, 1867 (Lep. Pieridae). Atalanta (Markleuthen) 15 (1-2): 165-166. BACK, W., & EITSCHBERGEN, U. 1976. Die Unterarten von Euchloe charlonia (Donzel 1842). Atalanta Munnerstadt 7 (3): 142-160. BACK, W., KNEBELSBERGER, T., & MILLER, M.A. 2006. The phylogenetic relationships of the species and subspecies of the subgenus Elphinstonia Klots, 1930 (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Atalanta Marktleuthen 37 (3-4): 469-482, 514-515. *BACQUET, P.M.B., BRATTSTROM, O., WANG, H.-L., ALLEN, C.E., LOFSTEDT, C., BRAKEFIELD, P.M. & NIEBERDING, C.M. 2015. Selection on male sex pheromone composition contributes to butterfly reproductive isolation. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 282: 20142734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2734 [Bicyclus anynana] BACQUET, P.M.B., DE JONG, M.A., BRATTSTRÖM, O., WANG, H.-L., MOLLEMAN, F., HEUSKIN, S., LOGNAY, G., LÖFSTEDT, C., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., VENDERPOORTEN, A. & NIEBERDING, M. 2016. Differentiation in putative male sex pheromone components across and within populations of the African butterfly Bicyclus anynana as a potential driver of reproductive isolation. Ecology and Evolution 6 (17): 6064– 6084. doi: 10.1002/ece3.2298 *BADHAM, R. 1954. Some records from the Lundi District, Southern Rhodesia. Journal of the Entomological Society of southern Africa 17: 86-89. *BAGINE, R.K.N. 1998. Biodiversity in Ramogi Hill, Kenya, and its evolutionary significance. African Journal of Ecology 36: 251-263. BAGINE, R., BWONG, B.A., GICHUKI, M., GIKUNGU, M., IMBOMA, T., KARANJA, D., KINUTHIA, W., KIOKO, E., KIOKO, O., MALOZA, P.K., MUGAMBI, J., MUNGAI, M., MUTUA, M., MWAKODI, R., NALIANYA, N., NJAGI, E., ODANGA, J.OTIENO, N.E., WACHIRA, J., WASONGA, D.V., OYIEKE, H., MURIUKI, J.M., INGRISH, S., LANGE, C., MUCHAI, M. & LAMPE, K.H. 2014. List of from Kakamega Forest

8 (Kenya) and Budongo Forest (Uganda) with voucher specimens in the Department of Zoology of the National Museums of Kenya. Bonn Zoological Bulletin Supplementum 60: 98–126. *BALINSKY, B.I. 1974. Ten generations inbreeding of Acraea horta (L.) (Lepidoptera). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 37 (1): 79-86. BALINSKY, B.I. 1977a. Variation of wing patterns in the butterfly Acraea horta. Proceedings of the Entomological Congress of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa No. 2: 19. BALINSKY, B.I. 1977b. Inheritance of wing colour in females of the butterfly Acreae [Acraea] horta (L.). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 40 (1): 1-11. BALINSKY, B.I. 1979. Variation and inheritance of wing spotting in the butterfly Acraea horta (L.) (Lepidoptera, Acraeidae). Revue de Zoologie Africaine 93 (4): 810-879. BALINSKY, B.I. 1981. Immediate and delayed effects of radiation on the genetic endowment of the butterfly Acraea horta L. South African Journal of Science 77 (4): 162-167. BALINT, Z. 1999a. Lycaenid butterflies from Yemen (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Esperiana 7: 307-309. *BALINT, Z. 1999b. Annotated list of type specimens of Polyommatus sensu Eliot of the Natural History Museum, London (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten 46: 1-89. [Lepidochrysops naidina referred to Chilades] *BALINT, Z., HEATH, A., KATONA, G., KERTESZ, K. & SAFIAN S. 2017. Male secondary sexual characters in Aphnaeinae wings (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Opuscula Zoologica Budapest 48 (1): 27-34. BALINT, Z., & OLIVIER, A. 2001. Butterfly species-group taxa from the Balkans and western Anatolia attributed to Imre Frivaldsky (1799-1870) (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea & Papilionoidea). Annales Historico Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 93: 151-198. [Chilades trochylus grisea Aigner-Abafi, 1906; junior syn. of Lycaena trochylus Freyer, 1844; syntype determined] BALL, F. 1932. Une nouvelle form saisonniére de Precis touhilimasa Vuill. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Entomologique de Belgique 72: 53-55. *BALL, J.B. 1994a. A new subspecies of Trimenia wallengrenii (Trimen and Bowker) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the western Cape Province, South Africa. Metamorphosis 5 (3): 104-106. *BALL, J.B. 1994b. A lepidopterist on Grande Comore Island. Metamorphosis 5 (3): 115-118. *BALL, J.B. 1994c. A description of three new subspecies of Durbaniella clarki (Van Son) from the Cape Province. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 130-133. *BALL, J.B. 1994d. A new subspecies of Thestor dicksoni. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 142-143. *BALL, J.B. 1995. Obituary – Robert Dundonald Paré (Rob): 1946-1995. Metamorphosis 6 (2): 99-100. *BALL, J.B. 1997. A brief history of lepidopterology in southern Africa. Metamorphosis Occasional Supplement No.3: 82-88. BALL, J.B. 2006. Approaches towards a critical evaluation and update of the Red List of South African butterflies. Unpublished MSc thesis, University of Stellenbosch: 1-479. *BALL, J.B. 2012. Lepidopterology in Southern Africa: Past, Present and Future. In: NEW, T. [ed.]. Insect Conservation: Past, Present and Prospects. Springer, Dordrecht, i-xii, 1-435. Chapter pagination: 279-300. BALL, J.B., GEERTSEMA, H., SAMWAYS, M.J., HENNING, G.A. & TERBLANCHE, R.F. 2009. Annotated list of the South African butterfly taxa with Red list assessments (with brief notes on the butterfly biota of South Africa, and Swaziland. In: HENNING, G.A., TERBLANCHE, R.F. & BALL, J.B. [EDS]. South African Red Data Book: Butterflies.

9 SANBI Biodiversity Series 13. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria: i-iv, 1-158. Chapter pagination: 76-111. BALLETTO, E., BARBERO, F., CASACCI, L., CHAKIRA, H., DAFINÈ, A. & OULEDI, A. 2015. The butterflies of the Comoros. Pensoft, Bulgaria. 286 pp. [book] BALLETTO, E., & LARSEN, T.B. 1985. On a small collection of butterflies from Yemen. Monitore Zoologica Italiano Supplemento 20: 121-133. BALLETTO, E. & LEES, D.C. 2012. Papilio narcissus Fabricius, 1798 (currently Heteropsis narcissus; Lepidoptera, NYMPHALIDAE): proposed conservation of the specific name. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 69 (4): 260-265. Abstract: The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.5 of the Code, is to conserve the specific name Heteropsis narcissus (Fabricius, 1798), a junior primary homonym of Hypochrysops narcissus (Fabricius, 1775). Both names are currently in use to designate separate and well-recognized species, belonging to two distinct genera in two butterfly families from different geographic regions, Heteropsis Westwood, 1850 (NYMPHALIDAE from the Malagasy Region) and Hypochrysops C. & R. Felder, 1860 (LYCAENIDAE from the Australian region). As both specific names are currently widely used without confusion for taxa in different biogeographic regions, we request the Commission to rule that the name Papilio narcissus Fabricius, 1798 be conserved despite being a junior homonym of Papilio narcissus Fabricius, 1775. *BAMPTON, I. 1981. Description of a new species of Poecilmitis Butler (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the S. Western Cape Province of South Africa. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 93 (9-10): 189-191. *BAMPTON, I. 1995a. A discussion on the larval food of the subfamily Lipteninae (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 6 (4): 162-166. BAMPTON, I., 1995b. Checklist of the butterflies of the Nchila Wildlife Reserve, . http://www.nchila-wildlife-reserve.com/htp/bfly.htm BAMPTON, I., COLLINS, S.C., & DOWSETT, R.J. 1991. Butterflies (Lepidoptera) of the Mayombe and lower Kouilou (with a checklist for Congo). Tauraco Research Report No. 4: 57-108. [Congo Republic] *BAMPTON, I., & CONGDON, C. 1998. The early stages of Afrotropical Lepidoptera. Metamorphosis 9 (2): 95-96. BANKS, J. 1999. Ghana’s other gold (Video documentary). E.W. Classey, London. *BARBER, M.E. 1874. Notes on the peculiar habits and changes which take place in the larva and pupa of Papilio Nireus. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1874 part 4 (Dec): 519-521. BARKER, C.N. 1917a. Some remarkable melanic aberrations among the Acraeinae in the Millar collection of butterflies of the Durban Museum. Annals of the Durban Museum 1: 451-457. BARKER, C.N. 1917b. The varieties of Papilio dardanus cenea in the collection of the Durban Museum. Annals of the Durban Museum 2: 34-38. BARLOW, N.D. 1994. Size distributions of butterfly species and the effect of latitude on species sizes. Oikos 71 (2): 326-332. [Considers the Afrotropical region and Australia.] BARNES, B.D. 1941. Records of some rare Lepidoptera of the Vumba Mountains near Umtali. Transactions of the Rhodesia Scientific Association 38: 119-125. BARNES, M.J.C. 1982 (MS). A catalogue of the Mauritian butterflies in the Hope Entomological Collections, University Museums, Oxford 16 pp. Manuscript in the Library of the Natural History Museum, London. BARNES, M. [J.C.] 1988. From the editor’s desk. News of the Lepidopterists’ Society No. 4: 61- 62. [Recent records of Danaus plexippus from Mauritius] BARNET, L., EMMS, C., & NEWPORT, M. 2003. Common butterflies of . Makasutu Wildlife Trust, Serrekunda, The Gambia. [#book] BARNETT, A., PRANGLEY, M., & HAYMAN, P. 1993. The Kounounkan massif, south western , West Africa: results of a short ecological survey with a preliminary assessment of conservation requirements. NFS (UK) Occasional Paper 1: 2-6. *BARNETT, L.K., & EMMS, C. 1998. Butterfly observations on the Chagos Archipelago: a review and update. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 110 (3-4): 73-79.

10 BARNEY, R.W. 1949. Interesting butterflies at Kakamega. Nature in East Africa series 2 no. 1: 5- 6. *BARNS, T.A. 1928. In Portuguese West Africa: Angola and the isles of the Guinea Gulf. The Geographical Journal 72 (1): 18-35. *BARON, T., AKITE, P., BARNETT, M., COLLINS, S.C., DOBSON, J., FRIC, Z.F., HENNING, G., KUHNE, L., MEY, W., OCHSE, M., PRZYBYLOWICZ, L., S. SZABOLCS, SCHUTTE, R., SELB, H. & WARD, P. The second Afrotropical Lepidoptera Workshop in Uganda – A contribution to the Lepidoptera fauna of Kibale National Park and the Mpanga Forest Reserve. Entomologische Zeitschrift Schwanfeld 127 (2): 77-105. *BARTEL, M. 1905. Neue Aethiopische Rhopalocera des Kgl. Museums für Naturkunde in Berlin. Novitates Zoologicae 12: 129-152. BASCOMBE. M.J., JOHNSTON, G. & BASCOMBE, F.S. 1999. The butterflies of Hong Kong. Academic Press, London, xiii + 422 pp., 222 pls. [Erionota torus] BASHIR, M.O., & MUSSELMAN, L.J. 1984. Some natural enemies of Striga hermonthica in the . Tropical Pest Management 30 (2): 211-212. [Junonia orithya] BASQUIN, P. 1975. Description de la femelle de Charaxes acraeoides Druce (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin Soc. ent. Fr. 80 (9-10): 285-287. BASQUIN, P. 1981. Description du neallotype femelle de Charaxes richelmanni Rober (lepidoptere Nymphalidae). Memoires Societe Nationale des Sciences Naturelles et Mathematiques de Cherbourg 58: 71-75. BASQUIN, P. 2012. Un nouveau Charaxes du complexe etesipe-penricei en foret equatoriale gabonaise (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 17 (2): 51-54. Abstract: A new species of Nymphalidae, Charaxes bwete n. sp., is described from Chaillu Mountains, Ngounie, . Author address: Chemin de La Valette 8, F-50700 Yvetot Bocage, France. BASQUIN, P., & TURLIN, B. 1986a. Formes nouvelles de Papilionidae de la Republique Centrafricaine. Bulletin de la Société Scientifique Naturelles No. 49: 22. BASQUIN, P., & TURLIN, B. 1986b. Formes nouvelles de Papilionidae de la Republique Centrafricaine (suite). Bulletin de la Société Scientifique Naturelles No. 51: 1. BASQUIN, P., & TURLIN, B. 1986c. Description de trois nouvelles formes femelles de Charaxes kheili Staudinger (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Société Scientifique Naturelles No. 52: 1-2. BATTAGLIA, P.A., PONTI, D., & GIGLIANI, F. 2006. Two phenotypes with a single genotype: the case of [a] butterfly. Caryologia 59 (4): 354-357. [Bicyclus anynana] BAUERFEIND, S.S. & FISCHER, K. 2007. Maternal body size as an evolutionary constraint on egg size in a butterfly. Evolution 61 (10): 2374-2385. [Bicyclus anynana] BAUERFEIND, S.S. & FISCHER, K. 2009. Effects of larval starvation and adult diet-derived amino acids on reproduction in a fruit-feeding butterfly. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 130 (3): 229-237. [Bicyclus anynana] *BAUERFEIND, S.S., FISCHER, K., HARTSTEIN, S., JANOWITZ, S. & MARTIN- CREUZBURG, D. 2007. Effects of adult nutrition on female reproduction in a fruit-feeding butterfly: the role of fruit decay and dietary lipids. Journal of Insect Physiology 53 (9): 964- 973. [Bicyclus anynana] BAUERFEIND, S.S., PERLICK, J.E.C. & FISCHER, K. 2009. Disentangling environmental effects on adult life span in a butterfly across the metamorphic boundary. Experimental Gerontology 44 (12): 805-811. [Bicyclus anynana] *BAYLISS, J.L., COLLINS, S.C. & CONGDON, T.C.E. 2016. A new species of Iolaus Hübner, [1819] subgenus Epamera Druce, 1891 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: ) from Mts Namuli and Mabu, Northern . Metamorphosis 27: 23-30. *BAYLISS, J., TIMBERLAKE, J., BRANCH, W., BRUESSOW, C., COLLINS, S., CONGDON, C., CURRAN, M., DE SOUSA, C, DOWSETT, R., DOWSETT-

11 LEMAIRE, F., FISHPOOL, L., HARRIS, T., HERRMANN, E., GEORGIADES, S., KOPP, M., LIGGITT, B., MONADJEM, A., PATEL, H., RIBEIRO, D., SPOTTISWOODE, C., TAYLOR, P., WILLCOCK, S. & SMITH, P. 2014. The discovery, biodiversity and conservation of Mabu forest – the largest medium-altitude rainforest in southern Africa. Oryx 48(2): 177–185. *BAZIN, L.A. & EDGE, D.A. 2015. The ecology and conservation of Thestor brachycerus brachycerus (Trimen, 1883): an aphytophagous miletine butterfly from South Africa. Journal of Insect Conservation DOI 10.1007/s10841-015-9756-7. BEAMISH, T. 1970. Aldabra Alone. George Allen & Unwin, London. *BEAR, A., SIMONS, A., WESTERMAN, E. & MONTEIRO, A. 2010. The genetic, morphological, and physiological characterization of a dark larval cuticle mutation in the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana. PLoS ONE 2010 5 (7): 1-8. *BEAURAIN, M. 1984. Note sur Cymothoe collarti Overlaet (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae), et description d’une nouvelle sous-espèce. Lambillionea 84 (3-4): 17-23. *BEAURAIN, M. 1985. Note sur les Cymothoe de Bioko (Lep., Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 85 (11-12); 87-95. *BEAURAIN, M. 1988. Note sur Cymothoe coranus Grose-Smith et description de trois nouvelles sous-espèces (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 88 (3-4): 39-47. *BEAURAIN, M. 1989. Note sur Cymothoe du (Lep. Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 89 (1- 2): 12-16. *BEAURAIN, M. 1990. Note sur Cymothoe lucasi cloetensi Seeldrayers (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 90 (4): 72. *BEAURAIN, M. 2004. Notes sur les Cymothoe (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome II): 262-264. [Description of the female of Cymothoe caprina Aurivillius] BELCASTRO, C. 1986a. A preliminary list of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) from with description of a new species. Problemi Attuali di Scienza e di Cultura Quaderno No. 260: 165-194. BELCASTRO, C. 1986b. A new Euriphene (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae) from Loma Mountains (Sierra Leone). Problemi Attuali di Scienza e di Cultura Quaderno No. 260: 195-196. BELCASTRO, C. 1990a. New Lepidoptera from west Africa. Problemi Attuali di Scienza e di Cultura No. 265: 69-78. BELCASTRO, C. 1990b. Nymphalidae of Sierra Leone. Problemi Attuali di Scienza e di Cultura No. 265: 79-100. BELCASTRO, C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1996. The Pteroteinon caenira-complex of African skippers, with the description of a new species (P. concaenira) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Lambillionea 96 (4) (Tome I): 616-622. BELCASTRO, C., & LARSEN, T.B. 2006. Butterflies as an indicator group for the conservation value of the Gola Forests in Sierra Leone. Report to the Gola Forest Conservation Concession Project (GFCCP), 71 pp. BELCASTRO, C., & LARSEN, T.B. 2008. Chapter 5 – Butterflies. In: KLOP, E., LINDSELL, J. & SIAKA, A. 2008. Biodiversity of Gola Forest, Sierra Leone. A survey of Gola’s mammals, birds, butterflies, dragonflies and damselflies, trees and non-woody plants forest structure. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Conservation Society of Sierra Leone & Government of Sierra Leone. United Kingdom. *BELDADE, P., FRENCH, V. & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2008. Developmental and genetic mechanisms for evolutionary diversification of serial repeats: Eyespot size in Bicyclus anynana butterflies. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution 310B (2): 191-201. BELDADE, P., McMILLAN, W.O. & PAPANICOLAOU, A. 2008. Butterfly genomics eclosing. Heredity 100 (2): 150-157. [Bicyclus anynana]

12 BELDADE, P., RUDD, S., GRUBER, J.D., & LONG, A.D. 2006. A wing expressed sequence tag resource for Bicyclus anynana butterflies, an evo-devo model. BMC Genomics 7 (130): 1-16. BELDADE, P. & SAENKO, S.V. 2009a. Conserved developmental processes and the evolution of novel traits: wounds, embryos, veins, and butterfly eyespots. In: TELFORD, M.J. & LITTLEWOOD, D.T.J. [Eds]. Animal Evolution: Genomes, Fossils, and Trees. Oxford University Press, Oxford etc.: i-xvi, 1-245. Chapter pagination: 183-190. [Bicyclus anynana] BELDADE, P. & SAENKO, S.V. 2010. Evolutionary and developmental genetics of butterfly wing patterns: focus on Bicyclus anynana eyespots. In: GOLDSMITH, M.R. & MAREC, F. [Eds] 2010. Molecular Biology and Genetics of the Lepidoptera. Taylor & Francis: i-xv; 1-362. * BELDADE, P., SAENKO, S.V., PUL, N. & LONG, A.D. 2009. A gene-based linkage map for Bicyclus anynana butterflies allows for a comprehensive analysis of synteny with the Lepidopteran Reference Genome. PLoS Genetics 5 (2): e1000366. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000366. BELDADE, P., VAN’T HOF, A.E., JERONIMO, M.A. & LONG, A.D. 2009. Microsatellite markers associated with genes expressed in developing wings of Bicyclus anynana butterflies. Molecular Ecology Resources 9 (6): 1487-1492. BELTER, G. 1934. Neues aus der Melitaea didyma Esp. – Gruppe mit Berück-sichtigung des Materials des Deutschen Entomologischen Instituts. Arbeiten über Morphologische u. Taxonomische Entomologie. Berlin-Dahlem 1: 105-115. BENNETT, N.H. 1954. Two new species of Lycaenidae from south east Africa. Entomologist 87: 170-173. BENNETT, N.H. 1966. A new species of Micropentila (Lep., Lycaenidae) from Middle Congo. Entomologist 99: 186. BENNETT, N.H. 1969a. A seasonal form of Baliochila singularis Stempffer & Bennett from Southern Rhodesia. Entomologist 102: 73-74. BENNETT, N.H. 1969b. A new Falcuna species from western Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Entomologist 102: 143-144. BERGE, F. Schmetterlingsbuch, oder allgemeine und besondere Naturgeschichte der Schmetterlinge, [etc.]. iv, 1-142 + 8 pp. Stuttgart. BERGER, L.[A.] 1939. Résultats scientifiques des croisières du naivre-école Belge ‘Mercator’. XIX. Lépidoptères-Rhopalocères. Mémoires du Musée Royal d’Histoire Naturelle de Belgique (2) 15: 181-207. BERGER, L.[A.] 1940. Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. Exploration du Parc National Albert. Mission G.F. de Witte (1933-1935) (30): 1-55. Brussels. BERGER, L.A. 1948. Apropos de Pieridae. Bull. & Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique 84: 28-32. [synonymizes mathieui Dufrane with C. evenina sypilus; C. paradoxa Dufrane with C. euippe mediata; C. vreuricki Dufrane with C. subfasciatus ducissa] BERGER, L.A. 1950. Catologues Raisonnés de la Faune Entomologique du Congo Belge Lépidoptères-Rhopalocères 1. – Fam. Papilionidae. Annales du Musée Royal du Congo Belge. C-Zoologie (3) 8 (1): 1-102. BERGER, L.A. 1951a. Un nouvel Aphnaeus du Congo belge. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaine 45: 55-56. BERGER, L.[A.] 1951b. Remarques su le dimorphisme saisonnier des lepidopteres du Congo Belge. Ann. Soc. Roy. zool. Belg. 82: 19-22. BERGER, L.A. 1952. Descriptions préliminaires de Mylothris nouveaux du Musée Royal du Congo Belge (Lepidoptera-Pieridae). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaine 46: 319- 322. BERGER, L.A. 1953a. Pieridae nouveaux du Musée Royal du Congo Belge. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaine 48: 209-210.

13 BERGER, L.A. 1953b. New forms of (Lep. Pieridae) collected in Arabia by Major H. St. J.B. Philby, C.I.E. Entomologist 86: 171-172. BERGER, L.A. 1953c. Aphnaeus nouveaux du Congo Belge. Lambillionea 52: 68-70. BERGER, L.A. [1953d]. Sur la validite du genre Cymothoe Hubner 1819 (Lep. Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 52: 65-67. BERGER, L.A. 1954a. Note sur quelques Mylothris Hb. (Lep. Pieridae) du Congo Belge. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaine 50: 319-322. BERGER, L.A. 1954b. Note sur Papilio jacksoni Sharpe. Lambillionea 54: 92-94. BERGER, L.A. 1954c. Liptena (Tetrarhanis) nouveaux du Congo Belge. (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae). Annales du Musée Royal du Congo Belge. C-Zoologie (4) 1: 306-309. BERGER, L.A. 1954d. Contribution à l’étude des Pieridae du Libéria. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire 16: 1031-1034. BERGER, L.A. 1955. Un Celaenorrhinus nouveau du Congo Belge. Mémoires Société Royale Entomologie de Belgique 27: 92-95. BERGER, L.A. 1956a. Contributions à l’étude de la faune entomologique du Ruanda-Urundi (Mission P. Basilewsky 1953). C. Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Annales du Musée Royal du Congo Belge. C-Zoologie (8vo) 51: 427-439. BERGER, L.A. 1956b. [Obituary]. Notice necrologique sur F.G. Overlaet. Lambillionea 56: 21- 22. BERGER, L.A. 1957. Cle pour la determination des familles de macrolepidopteres et des groupes superieurs de microlepidopteres (faune ethiopienne). Lambillionea 57: 72-84. BERGER, L.A. 1959. Remarques sur quelques Hesperiidae africaines du Muséum de Paris. Lambillionea 59: 90-94. BERGER, L.A. 1960. Rhopalocères remarquables capturés au Kasai. Lambillionea 60: 71-72. BERGER, L.A. 1962a. Note sur quelques Hesperiidae de la Cote d’Ivoire. Lambillionea 62: 33-36. BERGER, L.A. 1962b. Lépidoptères Hesperiidae de Guinée et Côte d’Ivoire. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 24: 447-463. BERGER, L.A. 1962c. Hesperiidae recoltes aux Seychelles. Lambillionea 62: 19-20. BERGER, L.A. 1967a. Contribution à la faune du Congo (Brazzaville). Mission A. Villiers et A. Descarpentries. LXV. Lépidoptères Hesperiidae. Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 29: 1763-1781. BERGER, L.A. 1967b. Note sur quelques Lepidoptera – Hesperiidae recoltes au Katanga. Lambillionea 66: 55-64. BERGER, L.A. 1968. Contribution à l’étude de la faune de la basse Casamace (Sénégal) XX. Lepidoptera Hesperiidae. Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 30: 205- 220. BERGER, L.A. 1969. Note sur Graphium olbrechtsi Bger. Lambillionea 67: 84-85. BERGER, L.A. 1973. Note sur quelques Papilionidae du Musee Royal de l’Afrique Centrale. Lambillionea 72-73 (9-10): 69-76. BERGER, L.A. 1974a. Descriptions preliminaires de Melphina du Zaire (Lepidoptera - Hesperiidae). Lambillionea 74 (9-10): 66-69. BERGER, L.A. 1974b. Note sur Charaxes thysi Capronnier (Lepidoptera - Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 74 (9-10): 79-80. BERGER, L.A. 1975a. Celaenorrhinus nouveaux de l’Afrique noire (Lepidoptera - Hesperiidae). Lambillionea 75 (1-2): 13-15. BERGER, L.A. 1975b. Charaxes nouveaux d’Afrique centrale. Lambillionea 75 (Jubilee Volume): 92-95. BERGER, L.A. 1976a. Descriptions preliminaires d’Hesperiidae nouveaux de l’Afrique noire (Lepidoptera – Grypocera). Lambillionea 75 (11-12): 92-96. BERGER, L.A. 1976b. Descriptions preliminaires d’Hesperiidae nouveaux de l’Afrique noire

14 (suite) (Lepidoptera – Grypocera). Lambillionea 76 (3-4): 21-24. BERGER, L.A. 1977. Remarques sus de especes de Charaxes (Lep. Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 77 (7-8): 59-64. BERGER, L.A. 1978a. Description d’un genre nouveau et de deux especes nouvelles du complexe Acleros placidus Ploetz (Lep. Hesperiidae). Lambillionea 78 (1-2): 6-15. BERGER, L.A. 1978b. Description de la femelle de Mylothris dimidiata Aur. (1898) (Lep., Pieridae). Lambillionea 78 (11-12): 87-89. BERGER, L.A. 1979a. Espèces peu connues et description de nouvelles sous-espèces de Mylothris (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Revue de Zoologie Africaine 93 (2): 1-9. BERGER, L.A. 1979b. Abantis meneliki n. sp. (Lepidoptera – Hesperiidae). Lambillionea 78 (9- 10): 67-69. BERGER, L.A. 1980a. Mission entomologique du Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale aux Monts Uluguru, Tanzanie (L. Berger, N. Leleup et J. Debecker, V-VIII.1971) 25. Lepidoptera Papilionidae et Pieridae. Revue de Zoologie Africaine 94 (4): 861-880. BERGER, L.A. 1980b. Description d’un nouveau Mylothris Hübner (Lep, Pieridae). Lambillionea 79 (9-10): 75-76. BERGER, L.A. 1981. Les papillons du Zaire. Weissenbruch, Bruxelles: 1-543. [#book] BERGER, L.A. 1985. Mylothris kiellandi n. sp. (Lep., Pieridae). Lambillionea 84 (11-12): 108- 110. BERGER, L.A. 1986. Systematique du Genre Colias F. Lepidoptera-Pieridae (222). Lambillionea 86 (7-8). BERGER, L.A. 1987. Une nouvelle sous-espèce de Mylothris sagala Gr.-Sm. Lepidoptera – Pieridae (223). Lambillionea 87 (5-6): 71-73. BERIO, E. 1941. Osservazioni sulla variazione di Papilio demodocus Esp. e descrizione di tre nuove forme. Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 73: 90-92. BERNARDI, G. 1950. Contribution à l’étude de l’Aïr (Mission L. Choppard et A. Villiers) Lépidoptères Pieridae. Mémoirs de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire No. 10: 265-267. BERNARDI, G. 1951. Note sur les creona de Madagascar. Naturaliste malgache 2: 155- 157. BERNARDI, G. 1952a. Note préliminaire sur le genre Hb. (Lep. Pieridae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Mulhouse 1952: 12. BERNARDI, G. 1952b. Mission A. Villiers au et Dahomey (1950) XVIII. Lépidoptères Pieridae. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire 14: 837-841. BERNARDI, G. 1953a. Note sur la taxonomie des genres Belenois Hb. et Anaphaeis Hb., [Lep. Pieridae]. Revue Français d’Entomologie 20: 47-53. BERNARDI, G. 1953b. Lépidoptères Pieridae recueillis à Fernando-Poo par MM. P.L. Dekeyser, P. Lepesme. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 15: 1437-1440. BERNARDI, G. 1954a. La réserve naturelle intéegrale du Mt Nimba. Fasc. II. XXIX Lépidoptères Piérides (Mission M. Lamotte et R. Roy, juillet-décembre, 1951). Mémoires de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (40): 355-358. BERNARDI, G. 1954b. Révision des de la faune Malgache (Lepid. Pieridae). Mémoires de l’Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, serie E 5: 239-275. BERNARDI, G. 1954c. Note sur la variation geographique de l’armure genitale male de Dixeia doxo God. (Lep. Pieridae). Revue de Francais d’Entomologie 21: 122-124. BERNARDI, G. 1955a. Lépidoptères Pieridae récoltés au Cameroon par C. de Reamy. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 17: 185-190. BERNARDI, G. 1955b. Notes sur la taxonomie de deux Colotis Malgaches. Naturaliste Malgache 6: 57-60. BERNARDI, G. 1955c. Revision de Belenois gidica God. d’Ethiopie (Lep. Pieridae). Revue de Francais Lepid. 15: 13-20.

15 BERNARDI, G. 1957. Note sur la variation geographique de Pinacopteryx eriphia God., principalement au Nord de l’Equateur (Lep. Pieridae). Bull. Inst. Franc. Afrique noire (A) 19: 1178-1196. BERNARDI, G. 1958. Une nouvelle sous-espéce de Dixeia doxo Godart (Lep. Pieridae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Mulhouse 1958: 77-79. BERNARDI, G. 1959a. Note sur la variation geographique de Nepheronia (Leuceronia) buqueti Boisd. Particulierement à Madagascar (Lep. Pieridae). Naturaliste malgache 10: 81-86. BERNARDI, G. 1959b. Note sur la convergence de deux Leptosia (Lep. Pieridae). Revue Française d’Entomologie 26: 227-231. BERNARDI, G. 1959c. La variation géographique du polymorphisme chez les du continent africain (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 21: 1021-1032. BERNARDI, G. 1959d. Note sur la variation géographique de deux dualspecies: Leptosia alcesta Stoll et Leptosia nupta Butler (Lep. Pieridae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 64: 30-36. BERNARDI, G. 1959e. Le polymorphisme et le mimetisme de l’ Hypolimnas dubia Palisot de Beauvois (Lep. Nymphalidae). Ann. Soc. ent. France 128: 141-158. [Hypolimnas anthedon] BERNARDI, G. 1960. Une nouvelle sous-espèce de Colotis evippe L. [Lep. Pieridae]. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 65: 123-124. BERNARDI, G. 1961. Le polymorphisme de deux espèces jumelles du genre Dixeia Talbot. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 23: 496-505. BERNARDI, G. 1962. Missions Ph. Bruneau de Miré au Tibetsi: Lépidoptères Pieridae, Nymphalidae et Danaidae. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 24: 813-851. BERNARDI, G. 1964. Lépidoptères Rhopalocères récoltés par M.J. Mateu dans l’Ennedi et au Tschad. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 26: 648-658. BERNARDI, G. 1965a. Une nouvelle sous-espèce de Leptosia wigginsi Dixey. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 69: 258-260. BERNARDI, G. 1965b. La variation géographique de l’Euryphura porphyrion Ward (Lep. Nymphalidae). Biologia Gabonica 1: 305-312. BERNARDI, G. 1965c. L’interprétation du polymorphisme géographique de Pseudacraea lucretia Cramer [Lep. Nymphalidae]. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 27: 759- 762. BERNARDI, G. 1966a. Une nouvelle sous-espèce de Belenois zochalia Boisduval. [Lep. Pieridae]. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 71: 226-228. BERNARDI, G. 1966b. Une nouvelle sous-espèce d’Euriphene gambiae Feisthamel (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Biologia Gabonica 2: 127-129. BERNARDI, G. 1966c. Chorologie du Rio de Oro et de la République Islamique de Mauritanie d’après les Lépidoptères Pieridae. Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 28: 1587-1604. BERNARDI, G. 1966d. Une jumelle meconnue du genre Leptosia (Lep. Pieridae). Lambillionea 65: 98-105. BERNARDI, G. 1967. Contribution à la faune du Congo (Brazzaville). Mission A. Villiers et A. Descarpentries LII. Lépidoptères Pieridae. Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 29: 792-803. BERNARDI, G. 1968a. La variation géographique de l’Issoria hanningtoni (Elwes) [Lep. Nymphalidae]. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 73: 149-151. BERNARDI, G. 1968b. Biogéographie, subspéciation et polymorphisme chez Fabricius (Lepidoptera Pieridae). Compte Rendu Sommaire des Séances. Société de Biogéographie. Paris. No. 395: 75-87. BERNARDI, G. 1969. Une nouvelle sous-espèce de floricola Boisduval. Bulletin de la

16 Société Entomologique de France 73: 193-194. BERNARDI, G. 1970. Les Belenois antsianaka (Ward) de la region occidentale du Tsaratanana. (Lep. Pieridae). Memoires Orstom (Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre- mer) No. 37: 207-208. [Madagascar] BERNARDI, G. 1974a. Subspeciation, polymorphisme et mimetisme chez Aterica galene (Lep. Nymphalidae). Annales Soc. Ent. Fr. 10 (3): 689-701. BERNARDI, G. 1974b. Polymorphisme et mimetisme chez les Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France 37: 129-165. BERNARDI, G. 1975. Une nouvelle espece d’Euriphene Boisduval (= Diestogyna Karsch) (Lep. Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 75 (Jubilee Volume): 106-109. BERNARDI, G. 1976. Contribution à la biogéographie de la région guinéenne: 1. Le genre Hypolimnas Hübner (Lep. Nymphalidae). Compte Rendu Sommaire des Séances. Société Biogéographie No. 452-460: 6-10. BERNARDI, G. 1980a. Nomenclature et variation geographique de ‘Pseudoneptis coenobita Fabricius’ (Lep. Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 80 (3-4): 18-20. BERNARDI, G. 1980b. Contribution a la biogeographie des montagnes africaines: 2. Leg genre Issoria Hubner (Lep., Nymphalidae). Compte Rendu des Seances de la Societe de Biogeographie 55 (487): 189-199. BERNARDI, G. 1989. Les savanes africaines, chorologie et speciation, notamment d’aprés le genre Colotis (Lep., Pieridae). Mémoires de la Société de Biogéographie (3) (3): 84-97. BERNARDI, G. 1993a. Revision du genre Euriphene Boisduval ( Diestogyna Karsch) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 98 (2): 195- 198. BERNARDI, G. 1993b. Revision du genre Euriphene Boisduval (Diestogyna Karsch). 2. Le groupe de E. duseni. (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 98 (3): 227-232. BERNARDI, G. 1996. Biogeographie et speciation des lepidopteres Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danaidae et Acraeidae de Madagascar et des iles voisines. In: Lourenco-WR [Ed.] Biogeographie de Madagascar. [Records of the International Colloquim of Biogeography of Madagascar. The Biogeographic Society - Museum - ORSTOM - Paris (France), 26 to 28 September, 1995.] ORSTOM Editions, Paris: i-x, 1-588. Chapter pagination: 491-506. [@chap] BERNARDI, G., & CONDAMIN, M. 1963. La réserve naturelle intégrale du Mt Nimba. Fasc. V. XXI. Lepidoptera Danaidae. Mémoires de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (66): 429-432. BERNARDI, G., & CONDAMIN, M. 1964. Contribution à L’étude de la faune de la basse Casamance XI. Lépidoptères Papilionina. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 26: 1288-1297. BERNARDI, G., PIERRE, J., & NGUYEN, T.H. 1985. Le polymorphisme et le mimétisme de Papilio dardanus Brown [Lep. Papilionidae]. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 90 (3-4): 1116-1159. BERNARDI, G., & STEMPPFER, H. 1951. Notes sur quelques Rhopaloceres (Lep.) recueilles par P. de Mire au Tibetsi et au Mortcha. Bull. Soc. Ent. France 56: 47-48. *BERNAUD, D. 1993a. Premiers stades d'Acraea kraka Aurivillius (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 93 (3) (Tome I): 297-299. *BERNAUD, D. 1993b. Premiers stades d'Acraea rogersi Hewitson (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 93 (4) (Tome II): 455-456. *BERNAUD, D. 1994a. Premiers stades d'Acraea sykesi (Sharpe) (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 94 (1) (Tome I): 46-48. *BERNAUD, D. 1994b. Premiers stades d'Acrea [Acraea] caecilia (F.) (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 94 (2) (Tome I): 181-183.

17 *BERNAUD, D. 1994c. Premiers stades d'Acraea oreas (Sharpe) (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 94 (3) (Tome II): 394-396. *BERNAUD, D. 1994d. Premiers stades d'Acraea iturina (Grose-Smith) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 94 (4) (TomeI): 474-476. *BERNAUD, D. 1995a. Premiers stades d'Acraea wigginsi occidentalis (Bethune-Baker) (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 95 (1) (Tome I): 21-25. *BERNAUD, D. 1995b. Les Acraea et leurs plantes-hotes (cas du Mont Bana). Lambillionea 95 (2) (TomeII): 235-243. *BERNAUD, D. 1998. Premiers stades d’Acraea egina (Cramer) au Cameroun (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 98 (3) (Tome II): 431-434. *BERNAUD, D. 2000a. Premiers stades d’Acraea encedon Linne et d’Acraea encedana Pierre (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 100 (2) (Tome II): 305-308. *BERNAUD, D. 2000b. Ecologie des Acraea du parc de la Sangba (Republique Centrafricaine) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 100 (4) (Supplement): 1-21. *BERNAUD, D. 2001. Premiers etats d’Acraea jodutta au Cameroun (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 101 (2) (Tome I): 197-202. BERNAUD, D. 2009. Acraea website at http://www.acraea.com *BERNAUD, D. & DUCARME, R. 2008. Revue du clade II1 (groupe de Acraea cerasa) sur la base de captures recentes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Acraeidae [Acraeinae]). Entomologia Africana 13 (2): 45-52. [Status of A. cerasa cerita, A. kiellandi and A. unimaculata] BERNAUD, D. & LEQUEUX, J.-P. 2011. Acraeinae research in Uganda. Mission in western forests. Lambillionea 111 (3) (Tome I): 253-262. [First record of Acraea cepheus from Bugoma forest, Uganda; Acraea perenna larvae recorded on Bridelia micrantha, Uganda; Acraea alciopoides – first time figured, first photograph of living specimen, p. 258; Acraea alicia – status, p. 256] Abstract: The authors present the results on their research on Acraea and their biology in Uganda. A mission in western forests gives the occasion to complete the list of the species known from this area and to discover their first stages. Colonies of lumiri are discovered in Kalinzu forest, where this species had not been recorded. In addition, on the basis of their observations, the authors question the specific distinction between bonasia and alicia. First stages not well known or unknown are presented. *BERNAUD, D., & PIERRE, J. 1991. A propos d'Acraea kraka Aur. au Cameroun (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 91 (4) (Tome I): 319-322. *BERNAUD, D., & PIERRE, J. 1996. Premiers stades d’Acraea zetes (Linne) (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Acraeinae). Lambillionea 96 (2) (Tome II): 404-406. *BERNAUD, D., & PIERRE, J. 1997. Premiers stades d’Acraea oberthueri (Butler) (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 97 (1) (Tome I): 36-40. *BERNAUD, D., & PIERRE, J. 2000. Premiers etats d’Acraea pseudegina (Westwood) et d’Acraea natalica (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 100 (1) (Tome I): 2-6. BERTOLONI, G. 1850. Illustrazione dei prodotti naturali del Mozambico. Dissertazione IV Insetti Lepidotteri diurni. Memorie della Reale Accademia del Scienze dell’Istituto di Bologna. Class de Scienze Fisiche. Bologna (1) 2: 165-188. *BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1903. On new species of Lycaenidae from West Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 12: 324-334. *BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1904. On new species of Rhopalocera from Sierra Leone. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 14: 222-233. *BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1905. Notes on some of the Lycaenidae collected by Doherty on the Kikuyu Escarpment, now in the Tring Museum. Novitates Zoologicae 12: 492-496. *BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1906a. Descriptions of some new African butterflies. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 17: 104-110. *BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1906b. Descriptions of African Lepidoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 18: 339-346.

18 *BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1908a. Descriptions of new species of butterflies of the division Rhopalocera from Africa and from New Guinea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1908: 110-126. *BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1908b. Descriptions of new Rhopalocera from the Upper Congo. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 469-482. *BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1909. Descriptions of new African Lepidoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 3: 422-437. *BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1910. A revision of the African species of the Lycaenesthes group of the Lycaenidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 43: 1-84. *BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1911. Descriptions of new species of Lepidoptera from tropical Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 8: 506-542. *BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1913. Descriptions of new species of Lepidoptera from Africa and the East. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 11: 562-575. *BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1914. Notes on the taxonomic value of genital armature in Lepidoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1914: 314-337. *BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1915. Descriptions of new species of Lepidoptera from Africa and the East. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 16: 186-203. *BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1916. Descriptions of new species of Lepidoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 17: 378-385. *BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1918. A revision of the genus Tarucus. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1917: 269-296. *BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1922. Description of new species of Lepidoptera, chiefly Lycaenidae from southern Nigeria, and one from Damba Island, Victoria Nyanza. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 54: 461-464. *BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1923. A monograph of the genus Catochrysops Boisduval (Auctorum). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1922: 275-366. BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1924. Descriptions of new African Rhopalocera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 14: 130-135. BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1925. Revision of the Liphyrinae together with a description of the structure of the puparium of Liphyra brassolis and of the pupae of Aslauga vininga and A. lamborni. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1924: 199-238. BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1926a. Descriptions of new species of Rhopalocera from the Ethiopian Region. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 17: 384-402. *BETHUNE-BAKER, G.T. 1926b. Descriptions of a new form of Acraea from the . Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 38: 115-116. BETTS, M. 2000. Research officer’s annual report, June 1999-July 2000 Aldabra Atoll. Unpublished report to Seychelles Island Foundation. BETTS, M. 2009. Hypolimnas bolina on Alphonse Island. Phelsuma 2009: 57-58. Abstract: None. BEURET, H. 1958. Zur systematischen Stellung einiger wenig bekannter Glaucopsychidae (Lep., Lycaenidae). Mitteilungen aus der Entomologischen Gesellschaft 8: 81-100. BIEDERMAN, R. 1935. Lépidoptères nouveaux. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 40: 209-212. BILLBERG, G.J. 1820. Enumeratio Insectorum. in Museo Gust. Joh. Billberg. [iv.], 138 pp. Holmiae. BINGHAM, M.G. 1972a. The African monarch Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus 1758). Black Lechwe 10 (2): 24-25. BINGHAM, M.G. 1972b. The diadem Hypolimnas misippus (L.). Black Lechwe 10 (3): 23. BINGHAM, M.G. 1972c. The charaxes Charaxes jasius saturnus. Black Lechwe 10 (4): 25. BINGHAM, M.G. 1973a. The charaxes Charaxes brutus natalensis Staudinger. Black Lechwe 11

19 (1): 25. BINGHAM, M.G. 1973b. The evening brown Melanitis leda africana. Black Lechwe 11 (2): 21. BINGHAM, M.G. 1973c. The black-tipped Acraea Acraea calderena. Black Lechwe 11 (3): 19. BINGHAM, M.G. 1979a. The Charaxes. Charaxes jasius saturnus (Butler). Black Lechwe 12 (5): 30. BINGHAM, M.G. 1979b. The black-tipped Acraea. A. caldarena. Black Lechwe 12 (5): 31. BIRKET-SMITH, [S.]J.[R.] 1960. Results from the Danish Expedition to the French Cameroons (1949-1950) XXVII. - Lepidoptera. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 22: 521-554, 924-983, 1259-1284. BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. 1980. Lepidopteros papilionides de Angola (2a. nota). Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia No. 7: 36-37. *BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. 1983a. Lepidopteros papilionideos de Angola (3.a nota). Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia 11 (6): 69-73. BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. 1983b. Contribuicao para o conhecimento dos Lepidopteros de Angola (3.a nota). Dados sobre a ocorrencia do genero Charaxes (Lep., Nymphalidae) em Angola (1.a parte). Actas del I Congreso Iberico de Entomologia, Facultad de Biologia, Leon, Spain, 7-10 June, 1983: 107-119. BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. 1990. Charaxes de Angola: grupo etesipe (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia 4 (26) No. 128: 309-323. BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. 1992. Charaxes de Angola: grupo zoolina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Charaxinae). Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia Supplement No. 3: 523-- 541. BIVAR DE SOUSA, A., CONSCIENCIA, S. & MENDES, L.F. 2007. Novos dados sobre os lepidópteros diurnos (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea e Papilionoidea) da Guiné-Bissau. II. Papilionidae e Pieridae. Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 41: 223–236. BIVAR DE SOUSA, A., CONSCIENCIA, S. & MENDES, L.F. 2008. Novos dados sobre os lepidopteros diurnos (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea e Papilionoidea) da Guine-Bissau. IV. Nymphalidae (Dananinae, Satyrinae e Charaxinae). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa No. 42: 175-187. BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. & FERNANDES, J. DE A. 1964. Contribuiça~o para conhecimento dos Lepidópteros de Angola. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Ciências Naturais (2) 10: 104-115. *BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. & FERNANDES, J. DE A. 1966. Contribuiçao para o conhecimento dos Lepidopteros de Angola Papilionidae (2.a Nota). Arquivos do Museu Bocage (2) 1 (10): 161- 169. BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. & MENDES, L.F. 1999. Nota preliminar sobre a fauna de lepidópteros diurnos (Papilionoidea e Hesperioidea) do Parque Natural das Lagoas de Cufada. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia 6: 33–46. BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. & MENDES, L.F. 2001. Nota preliminar sobre a fauna de lepidopteros diurnos (Papilionoidea e Hesperioidea) do Parque Naturel das Lagoas da Cufada (Guine- Bissau). Suplemento ao Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia 6: 33-46. *BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. & MENDES, L.F. 2006. On the genus Euxanthe Hübner, 1819 in Angola, with description of a new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae). Nouvelle Revue d’Entomologie (N.S.) 23 (4): 369-376. *BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. & MENDES, L.F. 2007a. New data on the Uranothauma from Angola, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: ). Boletin Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa No. 41: 73-76. [Uranothauma nozolinoi] *BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. & MENDES, L.F. 2007b. On the genus Eagris Guenee, 1863 in Angola (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 35 (139): 311-316. [Eagris multiplagata sp. n.]

20 *BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. & MENDES, L.F. 2009. On a new species of the genus Princeps Hübner, [1807] from Cabinda (Angola) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 37 (147): 327-334. [Princeps (Druryia) bacelarae sp. n.; Papilio] BIVAR DE SOUSA, A., MENDES, L.F. & CONSCIENCIA, S. 2007. Novos dados sobre os lepidopteros diurnos (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea e Papilionoidea) da Guine-Bissau. II. Papilionidae e Pieridae. Boletin de la SEA 41: 223-236. [Guinea Bissau; catalogue and new records] BIVAR DE SOUSA, A., MENDES, L.F. & CONSCIENCIA, S. 2008. Novos dados sobre os lepidopteros diurnos (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea e Papilionoidea) da Guine-Bissau. V. Nymphalidae (, Cyrestinae e Limenitidinae). Boletin de la SEA 43: 327-341. [Guinea Bissau; catalogue and new records] BIVAR DE SOUSA, A., & PASSOS DE CARVALHO, J. 1987. Rhoplaoceros de Guine-Bissau. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia 3 (16) No. 86: 1-14. [Guinea Bissau] BIVAR DE SOUSA, A., VASCONCELOS, S., MENDES, L.F., LARSEN, T. B.†, BAKER, J. & GUILHERME, J.L. 2016. Butterflies of Guinea-Bissau: VIII. New data, new reports, corrections and biodiversity (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea). Zootaxa 4201 (1): 001-077. BJORNSTAD, A. 1997. In memorium. Jan Kielland (1923-1995). Fauna Norvegica Series B 44 (1): 86-88. [Obituary] BLACHIER, C. 1912. Espèces ou formes nouvelles de Lépidoptères africains appartenant aux genres Acraea et Mylothris. Bulletin de la Société Lépidoptérologique de Genève 2: 173-177. BLANCHARD, E. 1840. Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Orthoptères, Néurptères, Hémiptères, Hyménoptères, Lépidoptères et Diptères 3: [ii], 672 pp.; [i]. Paris. BLANDIN, P., VUATTOUX, R., & PLANTROU, J. 1976. Les Lépidoptères Charaxinae (Nymphalidae) récoltés à le Station d’Écologie tropicale de Lamto (Côte d’Ivoire). I. Inventaire systématique et remarques faunistiques. Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 37 (4): 840-858. BOBO, K.S., WALTERT, M., FERMON, H., NJOKAGBOR, J. & MUEHLENBERG, M. 2006. From forest to farmland: butterfly diversity and habitat associations along a gradient of forest conversion in Southwestern Cameroon. Journal of Insect Conservation 10 (1): 29-42. *BODE, J. Living a ‘Royal’ life [butterflying in Zululand]. Babbel Blues Issue 4: 29-30. BOERSMA, J.H. 2004. Butterflies of Gambia (interim report) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea). Entomologia Africana 9 (2): 2-6. BOERSMA, J.H. & GERNAAT, H.B.P.E. 2009. Somes notes on in West Africa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 14 (1): 59-64. BOERSMA, J.H. 2004. Butterflies of Gambia (interim report) (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea). Entomologia Africana 9 (2): 2-6. *BOIREAU, P. 2015. Tumerepedes flava Bethune-Baker, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) – an addition to the butterfly fauna. Metamorphosis 26: 25-26. BOIREAU, P., & BRACONNOT, S. 1995. Sur l'observation en Cote d'Ivoire d'un vol migratoire de Libythea labdaca Westwood, 1851. (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Libytheinae). Lambillionea 95 (1) (Tome I): 68-69. BOISDUVAL, [J.B.A.] [1832]. Voyage de Découvertes de L’Astrolabe sous le commandement de M.J. Dumont D’Urville. Faune entomologique de l’Océan Pacifique. Lépidopteres. (1): iv, 267 pp. Paris. *BOISDUVAL, J.B.A. 1833. Mémoire sur les Lépidoptères de Madagascar, Bourbon et Maurice. Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle. Paris 2: 149-270. *BOISDUVAL, J.B.A. 1836. In: [Roret, Suites à Buffon] Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Species général des Lépidoptères 1: [iv], xii, 690 + 6 pp. Paris. BOISDUVAL, J.B.A. 1847. Catalogue des Lépidoptères recuillie par M. Delagorgue pendant les années 1838-1844 à Port-Natal, au pays de Amazoulous et dans la contrée de Massilicatzi.

21 In: Delegorgue, M.A. Voyage dans l’Afrique australe 2: 585-602. Paris. BOISDUVAL, J.B.A. 1852. Lepidopteres de la Californie. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (2) 10: 275-324. BOLLINO, M. 1998. Description d’une nouvelle espece d’Euphaedra Hubner de la Republique Democratic du Congo (Zaire) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 98 (4) (Tome III): 651-654. BONNINGTON, C., WEAVER, D. & FANNING, E. 2008. Some preliminary observations on the possible effect of elephant (Loxodonta africana) disturbance on butterfly assemblages of Kilombero Valley, . African Journal of Ecology 46 (1): 113-116. *BONTE, D. & VAN DYCK, H. 2009. Mate-locating behaviour, habitat-use, and flight morphology relative to rainforest disturbance in an Afrotropical butterfly. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 96 (4): 830-839. [Protogoniomorpha parhassus; Kenya, Taita Hills] BOORMAN, J. 1961. The Nigerian butterflies – an atlas of plates with notes Part VI: Acraeidae [vi], 8 pp. Ibadan. [#book] BOORMAN, J. 1965. The Nigerian butterflies – an atlas of plates with notes Part III: Nymphalidae (Section 1) [ii], 16 pp. Ibadan. [#book] BOORMAN, J. 1970. West African butterflies and moths 79 pp. London. [#book] BOORMAN, J. 1973. The Nigerian butterflies – an atlas of plates with notes Part II: Pieridae and Danaidae. Ibadan University Press, Ibadan. [vi], 12 pp.; 175 plates. [#book] BOORMAN, J. 1977a. Butterfly hunting in other lands. Camberley Natural History Society Report 1976: 19-21. BOORMAN, J. 1977b. Two uncommon Nigerian butterflies. Nigerian Field 42 (1): 42-43. BOORMAN, J. & ROCHE, P. 1957. The Nigerian butterflies Part I: Papilionidae [viii], 7 pp. Ibadan. [#book] BOORMAN, J. & ROCHE, P. 1959. The Nigerian butterflies Part V: Nymphalidae (Section 3) [iv], 19 pp. Ibadan. [#book] BOORMAN, J., & TAYLOR, W.P. 1977. The breeding of the painted lady butterfly, Vanessa cardui, in Nigeria. Nigerian Field 42 (2): 84-87. BOPPRE, M. 1976. Pheromon-Transfer-Partikel auf einem Duftpinselhaar eines Monarchfalters (Danaus formosa). Natur. Rdsch. 29 (9): cover. BOPPRE, M. 1977. Pheromonbiologie am Beispiel der Monarchfalter. Biol. unserer Zeitschrift 7: 161-169. BOPPRE, M. 1978. Chemical communication, plant relationships, and mimicry in the evolution of danaid butterflies. Entomologia exp. appl. 24: 264-277. BOPPRE, M. 1981. Adult Lepidoptera ‘feeding’ at withered Heliotropium plants (Boraginaceae) in East Africa. Ecological Entomology 6 (4): 449-452. BOPPRE, M. 1983. Leaf-scratching – a specialized behaviour of danaine butterflies for gathering secondary plant substances. Oecologia 59: 414-416. BOPPRE, M. 1984. Androconial organs of ochlea, Danaus chrysippus, and Tirumala petiverana. Journal? *BOPPRE, M. 1999. ‘Drug-addicted’ insects in Africa. Metamorphosis 10 (1): 3-15. [Danainae] BOPPRE, M., & FECHER, K. 1977. Structural complexity of scent organs of male danaid butterflies. Scanning Electron Microscopy 2: 639-644. BOPPRE, M., PETTY, R.L., SCHNEIDER, D., & MEINWALD, J. 1978. Behaviorally mediated contacts between scent organs: another prerequisite for pheromone production in Danaus chrysippus males (Lepidoptera). Journal of Comparative Physiology 126 (2): 97- 103. *BOPPRE, M. & VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 1989. Androconial system in Danainae (Lepidoptera): functional morphology of Amauris, Danaus, Tirumala and . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 97: 101-133.

22 *BOSSART, J.L. & ANTWI, J.B. 2013. Species-specific traits predict genetic structure but not genetic diversity of three fragmented Afrotropical forest butterfly species. Conservation Genetics 14(2): 511-528. Abstract: The Upper Guinean forests of Ghana, West Africa, are considered among the most threatened and fragmented in the world. Little is known about the genetic consequences of fragmentation on Ghana’s forest-associated species, but this genetic signature is generally expected to differ across species. We compared patterns of mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) variation of three Nymphalid forest butterfly species that differ with respect to their relative dispersibilities (Aterica galene: high habitat fidelity, low dispersal ability; Euphaedra medon: high habitat fidelity, strong dispersal ability; Gnophodes betsimena: relaxed habitat fidelity, low dispersal ability). Individuals were collected from two large forest reserves and five small sacred forest groves. Patterns of differentiation across species were broadly coincident with our predicted hierarchy of relative species dispersibility and suggested that genetic connectivity is most compromised by strict fidelity to forest habitat rather than by raw capacity for sustained flight. Connectivity was uncorrelated with geographic distance, but instead seemed best explained by urbanization and the sequential pattern of forest loss. Genetic diversity was dramatically different among species and not easily explained by either species-specific traits or effects of fragmentation. Aterica galene, the species most impacted by fragmentation, exhibited very high diversity, whereas G. betsimena, a broadly distributed, very common species, with relaxed habitat fidelity, was genetically depauperate. There was limited evidence of genetic erosion from the sacred groves despite these small forest patches accounting for less than 1-10 % of the total area of the forest reserves, which indicates these forest relics have high conservation value. BOSSART, J.L. & OPUNI-FRIMPONG, E. 2009. Distance from edge determines fruit-feeding butterfly community diversity in afrotropical forest fragments. Environmental Entomology 38 (1): 43-52. [Ghana, West Africa] *BOSSART, J.L., OPUNI-FRIMPONG, E., KUUDAAR, S., & NKRUMAH, E. 2006. Richness, abundance, and complementarity of fruit-feeding butterfly species in relict sacred forests and forest reserves of Ghana. Biodiversity and Conservation 15 (1): 333-359. BOTHA, C., & BOTHA, J. 2006. Bring Butterflies back to your garden. Botanical Society of South Africa, Mayville, i-ix, 1-251. [#book] BOUCHE, J., & MINIG, A. 1977. Description de Charaxes nouveaux de la Côte d’Ivoire. (Lépid.- Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 77 (3-4): 27-29. [Charaxes dreuxi] BOULARD, M. 1968. Documents sur deux Lepidopteres Lycaenidae predateurs d’Homopteres. Cahiers de Maboke (Paris) 6: 117-126. BOULARD, M. 1981. Nouveaux documents sur les chenilles de lycenes tropicaux (Lep. Lycaenidae). Alexanor 12 (3): 135-140. BOULLET, E. 1912. Description d’une forme nouvelle d’Amauris [Lep. Danaidae]. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 1912: 381-382. BOULLET, E. 1913. Description d’une Amauris nouvelle (Lépid. Danaidae). Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle. Paris 19: 342-343. BOULLET, E., & LE CERF, F. 1912a. Description sommaires de formes nouvelles de Papilionidae. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 1912: 141-143. BOULLET, E., & LE CERF, F. 1912b. Description sommaires de formes nouvelles de Papilionidae (Lep.) de la collection du Muséum de Paris. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 1912: 246-247. BOURQUIN, O., LAWRENCE, J., & HITCHINS, P.M. 2000. A note on the butterflies of Cousine Island, Seychelles. Phelsuma 8: 71-73. BOUYER, T. 1990. Description de formes nouvelles et discussion du statut taxonomique de Charaxes murphyi Collins. Lambillionea 90 (1): 19-24. BOUYER, T. 1991a. Note sur les Spindasis du Zaire avec description de deux nouvelles especes: Spindasis shaba n. sp. et Spindasis dufranei n. sp. Etude sur les Lycaenidae: note no. 1. (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 91 (3): 219-224. BOUYER, T. 1991b. Nouvelles especes de Charaxes d'Afrique centrale. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 91 (4) (Tome I): 313-317. BOUYER, T. 1996. Notes sur les Lycaenidae Aphnaeus avec description d’une espece nouvelle. Etudes sur les Lycaenidae: note no. 3. (Lepidoptera). Entomologia Africana 1: 25-28. BOUYER, T. 1997. Contribution a la revision du genre Hewitsonia avec description d’une sous- espece et de la 4 especes nouvelles. Etudes sur les Lycaenidae: no. 4. (Lepidoptera,

23 Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 97 (1) (Tome II): 82-98. BOUYER, T. 1998a. Contribution a l’etude du genre Aslauga Kirby (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Etude sur les Lycaenidae: note no. 5. Entomologia Africana 3 (1): 28-30, 32. BOUYER, T. 1998b. Description d’une nouvelle espece de Spindasis (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Etude sur les Lycaenidae: note no. 6. Entomologia Africana 3 (1): 31-34. BOUYER, T. 1999. Notes sur les Charaxes du ‘groupe eupale’ avec description d’une nouvelle sous-espece (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 4 (1): 36-40. BOUYER, T. 2001. Description d’une sous-espece d’Aphysoneura pigmentaria du Katanga (Lepidoptera, Satyridae). Entomologia Africana 6 (2): 47-48. BOUYER, T. 2002. Description de la femelle de Charaxes gerdae Rydon, 1989 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 7 (2): 11-14. BOUYER, T. 2003. Description de deaux nouveaux Spindasis congolais (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Etude sur les Lycaenidae: note no. 7. Entomologia Africana 8(2): 31-34. [Cigaritis bergeri, Cigaritis hassoni] BOUYER, T. 2005a. Complements a la faune de R.D. Congo (“Les papillons du Zaire”, L. Berger, 1981). Entomologia Africana 10 (1): 45. [New records for the Democratic Republic of Congo: Charaxes baumanni whytei, Papilio ophidicephalus, Colotis celimene, Colotis elgonensis] BOUYER, T. 2005b. Papilio chitondensis Bivar de Sousa & Fernandes, 1966, notes et description de la femelle. Entomologia Africana 10 (2): 13-16. BOUYER, T. 2007. Notes sur upembana et description de la femelle (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 12 (1): 44-49. BOUYER, T. 2008. Description d’une nouvelle espece de Spindasis du Kivu en R.D. Congo (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Etude sur les Lycaenidae: note no 8. Entomologia Africana 13 (1): 20-22. [Spindasis ducarmei sp. nov.; Democratic Rebublic of Congo]. BOUYER, T. 2010. Description d’une nouvelle sous-espece d’Antanartia du Katanga (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 15 (1): 19-21. BOUYER, T. 2011a. Description de nouveaux Cigaritis (Spindasis) congolais et tanzaniens (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae): Etude sur les Lycaenidae : note no 9. Entomologia Africana 16 (1): 35-38. Abstact: A new Lycaenidae of the genus Cigaritis (Spindasis) is described from Katanga in D. R. Congo, Cigaritis noellae n. sp. The Continental Tanzanian population of Cigaritis (Spindasis) apelles (Oberthur, 1878) is described as Cigaritis apelles kiellandi n. ssp. BOUYER, T. 2011b. Addenda corrigenda. Ent. Afr. 15(1) : 19-21. Description d'une nouvelle sous-espece d'Antanartia du Katanga (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 16 (2): 48. Abstract: None. BOUYER, T. 2012. Description d'une nouvelle espece africaine de Cigaritis Donzel, 1847 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Etude sur les Lycaenidae: note no 10. Entomologia Africana 17 (1): 2-4. ABSTRACT: A new Lycaenidae species of the genus Cigaritis Donzel, 1847 closely allied to Cigaritis mozambica (Bertoloni, 1850) is described from Occidental Africa, Cigaritis larseni n. sp. [p2; Cameroon; also Guinea, Nigeria and C.A.R.]. BOUYER, T. 2013. Description d’une nouvelle espece d’Iridana Aurivillius, 1920 du Congo (R. D.) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Entomologia Africana 18 (1): 4-6. BOUYER, T. 2013. Note sur le genre Cerautola Libert, 1999 avec description d’une nouvelle espece (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Etude sur les Lycaenidae: note n° 13. Lambillionea 113: 186-189. BOUYER, T. 2014. Description de nouvelles especes d’Iridana Aurivillius, 1920 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 114 (1): 70-73. [I. pseudobscura sp. n.] BOUYER, T. 2014. Description de nouvelles especes et synonymies dans le genre Pseudaletis Druce, 1885 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Etude sur les Lycaenidae: note n° 14. Entomologia Africana 19 (1): 3-10.

24 *BOUYER, T. 2014. Description d’une nouvelle sous-espece de Pseudaletis Druce, 1885 de Republique Democratique du Congo (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Entomologia Africana 19 (2): 17-18. BOUYER, T. 2015. Description d’une nouvelle espece d’Iridana Aurivillius, 1920 du Cameroun (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Entomologica Africana 20 (1): 41-44. BOUYER, T. 2015. Description d’une nouvelle espece d’Iridana Aurivillius, 1920 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Entomologica Africana 20 (2): 7-9. BOUYER, T. & DUCARME, R. 2013. Description de la femelle de Cymothoe bouyeri Vande weghe, 2011 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 18 (1): 27-28. Description, Female, p. 27 BOUYER, T. & HECQ, J. 2010. Colotis praeclarus (Butler, 1886) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Entomologia Africana 15 (1): 22-24. BOUYER, T., & JOLY, E. 1995. Notes sur Cymothoe harmilla avec description d'une nouvelle sous-espece et des premiers stades, (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 95 (4) (Tome I): 526-532. BOUYER, T., & LIBERT, M. 1996. Nouveaux lycenes Spindasis et Aphnaeus pour la faune du Cameroun (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 101 (1): 49-52. BOUYER, T., PROUVOST, P., & COLLINS, S.C. 1997. Description de la femelle et notes sur Charaxes taverniersi Berger, 1974 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 2 (2): 5-10. BOUYER, T., & VINGERHOEDT, E. 1997. Description d’une nouvelle sous-espece de Charaxes smaragdalis Butler, 1865 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 2 (2): 32-33, 36-39. BOUYER, T., & VINGERHOEDT, E. 2001. Description d’une nouvelle sous-espece de Charaxes acuminatus Thurau, 1903 (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 6 (1): 26-30. BOUYER, T., ZAKHAROV, E., ROUGERIE, R. & VINGERHOEDT, E. 2008. Les Charaxes du “goupe eupale”: description d’un nouveau genre, revision et approche genetique (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae). Entomologia Africana Collection Hors Serie 3: 1- 32. [Viridixes gen. n.; Viridixes montis comb. n., stat. n.; Viridixes eupale comb. n.; Viridixes dilutus comb. n., stat. n.; Viridixes schiltzei comb. n.; Viridixes schultzei comb. n., lectotype designated; Viridixes subornatus comb. n., lectotype designated; Viridixes minor comb. n.] BOWN, D., OLASUPO, O. & PEACOCK, J. 2011. Conservation of the Iita forest and its resources. Nigerian Field 76 (1-2): 19-78. [Updated checklist of Papilionidae; attributable to Szabolics and Warren] BOX, H.E. 1953. List of Sugar-Cane Insects. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 101 pp. *BOYLE, J.H., KALISZEWSKA, Z.A., ESPELAND, M., SUDERMAN, T.R., FLEMING, J., HEATH, A. & PIERCE, N.E. 2014. Phylogeny of the Aphnaeinae: myrmecophilous African butterflies with carnivorous and herbivorous life histories. Systematic Entomology, 40(1): 169-182. BRABY, M.F. 2005. Afrotropical mistletoe butterflies: Larval food plant relationships of Mylothris Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Journal of Natural History 39 (6): 499-513. *BRABY, M.F., PIERCE, N.E. & VILA, R. 2007. Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the subtribe Aporiina (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): implications for the origin of Australian butterflies. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 90: 413-440. *BRABY, M.F., QUIPILDOR, G.E.F., VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. & LOHMAN, D.J. 2015. Morphological and molecular evidence supports recognition of Danaus petila (Stoll, 1790) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) as a species distinct from D. chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758). Systematics and Biodiversity 13 (4): 386-402. DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2014.992378

25 [These authors present evidence that supports a recent proposal to treat D. petilia as a separate parapatric species rather than as a subspecies of D. chrysippus. They state that D. chrysippus dorippus (Klug, 1845) is not a distinct species as has recently been proposed, and is best treated either as a subspecies of D. chrysippus restricted to Africa or as a genetic colour morph of D. chrysippus that extends more widely into Asia. Attention is drawn by the authors to the dubious utility of attempting to discriminate subspecies within D. chrysippus.] *BRABY, M.F., VILA, R. & PIERCE, N.E. 2006. Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea): higher classification and biogeography. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 147: 239-275. *BRAINE, S. 2002. Another lindae? And checklist of butterflies from the Hobatere Concession Area, . Metamorphosis 13 (4): 116-121. [Anthene lindae] *BRAINE, S. [F.], & HENNING, G. [A.] 1984. The life history and habits of Acraea hypoleuca Trimen from South West Africa (Namibia). Metamorphosis 1 (10): 6-7. *BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 1987a. Tropical dry and wet season polyphenism in the butterfly Melanitis leda (Satyrinae): Phenotypic plasticity and climatic correlates. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 31: 175-191. BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 1987b. Field studies of seasonal polyphenism in the butterfly Melanitis leda. British Ecological Society Bulletin 18 (1): 23-25. BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 1997. Phenotypic plasticity and fluctuating asymmetry as responses to environmental stress in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. EXS 83:65-78. BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 1998. The evolution-development interface and advances with the eyespot patterns of Bicyclus butterflies. Heredity 80 (3): 65-272. BRAKEFIELD, P.M., EL FILALI, E., VAN DER LAAN, R., BREUKER, C.J., SACCHERI, I.J., & ZWAAN, B. 2001. Effective population size, reproductive success and sperm precedence in the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana, in captivity. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 14 (1): 148-156. BRAKEFIELD, P.M. & JORON, M. 2010. The flexibility of butterfly wing color patterns and evolution in morphospace. In: GRANT, P.R. & GRANT, B.R. 2010. [Eds]. In search of the causes of evolution: from field observations to mechanisms. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford: i-xii, 1-380. Chapter pagination: 93-114. [Bicyclus] BRAKEFIELD, P.M., KESBEKE, F., & KOCH, P.B. 1998. The regulation of phenotypic plasticity of eyespots in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. American Naturalist 152 (6): 853- 860. BRAKEFIELD, P.M., & KESBEKE, F. 1995. Raised adult lifespan and female fecundity in tropical fruit-feeding Bicyclus butterflies. Proceedings of the Section Experimental and Applied Entomology of the Netherlands Entomological Society (N.E.V.) 6: 93-98. BRAKEFIELD, P.M., KOOI, R.E., DEN-HOLLANDER, N., & VAN-ALPHEN, W.C.H. 1994. Egg size declines with female age in the fruit-feeding tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Satyrinae). Proceedings of the Section Experimental and Applied Entomology of the Netherlands Entomological Society (N.E.V.) 5: 53-54. *BRAKEFIELD, P.M. & LARSEN, T.B. 1984. The evolutionary significance of dry and wet season forms in some tropical butterflies. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 22: 1-12. [Satyrinae] BRAKEFIELD, P.M., PIJPE, J. & ZWAAN, B.J. 2007. Developmental plasticity and acclimation both contribute to adaptive responses to alternating seasons of plenty and of stress in Bicyclus butterflies. Journal of Biosciences (Bangalore) 32 (3): 465-475. BRAKEFIELD, P.M., & REITSMA, N. 1991. Phenotypic plasticity, seasonal climate and the population biology of Bicyclus butterflies (Satyridae) in Malawi. Ecological Entomology 16 (3): 291-303. BRAKEFIELD, P.M., & ROSKAM, J.C. 2006. Exploring evolutionary constraints is a task for an integrative evolutionary biology. American Naturalist 168 (Supplement): S4-S13. [Bicyclus anynana]

26 BRANCSIK, K. 1892. Beiträge zur Kenntniss Nossibés und dessen Fauna nach Sendungen und Mittbeilungen des Herrn P. Frey. Jahrescheft des Naturwissenschafttlichen Vereins des Trencsiner Komitäts 13: 122-167. *BRATTSTROM, O. 2008. Results from a butterfly survey around Bashu, Southern Okwango Division of Cross River National Park, Nigeria. Available from the author ([email protected]). *BRATTSTROM, O. 2009. Butterflies in Ologbo Forest [Nigeria]. Available from the author ([email protected]). *BRATTSTROM, O. 2010. Butterflies at Sapo National Park []. Available from the author ([email protected]). *BRATTSTROM, O. 2010. Butterflies at Afi Mountains Wildlife Sanctuary. Available from the author ([email protected]). *BRATTSTROM, O. 2010. Butterflies of Yankari [Nigeria]. Available from the author ([email protected]). *BRATTSTROM, O. 2012. Bicyclus brakefieldi (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), a new species of Bicyclus from the Congo River basin. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 22(2): 62-65. *BRATTSTROM, O., ADUSE-POKU, K., COLLINS, S.C., DI MICCO DE SANTO, T. & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2015. Revison of the Bicyclus sciathis species group (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) with descriptions of four new species and corrected distributional records. Systematic Entomology 4018 (1): 057-079. *BRATTSTROM, O., ADUSE-POKU, K., COLLINS, S.C. & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2015. Revison of the Bicyclus ignobilis species group (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 4018 (1): 057-079. BRAUN, H., 1932. Kleine Mitteilungen. Entomologische Zeitschrift. Frankfurt a.M. 46: 11-12. BREUKER, C.J., & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2003. Lack of response to selection for lower fluctuating asymmetry of mutant eyespots in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Heredity 91 (1): 17-27. *BROS DE PUECHREDON, E. 1993. Lepidoptera collecting in Kenya and Tanzania. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 4 (1): 16-25. [Annotated list] *BROWER, A.V.Z. 2005. Roland Trimen’s observations on toughness in unpalatable African butterflies: a historical annotation to De Vries 2003. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 59 (1): 44. [Nymphalidae: Acraeinae; Danainae] *BROWER, A.V.Z., WAHLBERG, N., OGAWA, J.R., BOPPRÉ, M. & VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 2010. Phylogenetic relationships among genera of danaine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) as implied by morphology and DNA sequences. Systematics and Biodiversity 8 (1): 75-89. [Danaini] BROWER, L.P., EDMUNDS, M., & MOFFITT, C.M. 1975. Cardenolide content and palatability of a population of Danaus chrysippus butterflies from west Africa. Journal Ent. (A) 49 (2): 183-196. *BROWER, L.P., GIBSON, D.O., MOFFITT, C.M. & PANCHEN, A.L. 1978. Cardenolide content of Danaus chrysippus butterflies from the three areas of east Africa. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 10 (2): 251-273. *BROWN, F.M. 1968. Obituary. Richard Middleton Fox (1911-1968). Journal of the Lepidopterist’s Society 22 (3): 192. BROWN, J.N.B. 1992. Butterflies of the . Tribulus 2 (1): 10-11. *BROWN, J.W. 1997. Book review. “Carcasson’s African butterflies: An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region”, edited by P.R. Ackery, c.r. Smith and R.I. Vane-Wright, 1995. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 51 (?): ?. *BROWN, P. 1776. New Illustrations of Zoology containing fifty coloured plates of new curious, and Non-Descript Birds, with a few Quadrupeds, Reptiles and Insects. Together with a short

27 scientific description of the same [viii], 136 pp. London. BRYK, F. 1913. Ueber eine neue Form des polygryphen von Lachnoptera iole. Societas Entomologia 28: 51. BRYK, F. 1915. Neue exotische, insbesondere aethiopische Schmetterlinge. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 81 (A) (4): 1-16. BRYK, F. 1917. Die entomologische Sammlung des Stockholmer Riksmuseums, nebst Bemerkungen über das Geäder Acraeen, über Homogryphismus der Lepidoptera, Symbiose der Flötenakazie mit Ameisen usw. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 82 (A) (3): 104-111. BRYK, F. 1925. Ueber die Variabilität von Acrea [Acraea] ansorgei Sm. Entomologische Rundschau 42: 27, 31-32. BRYK, F. 1926. A melanistic form of Papilio mackinoni. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society (25): 89. BRYK, F. 1927. Über das Auftreten einer Mutation von Papilio phorcas mit Rückschlags-Geader auf Mount Elgon. Zoologische Anzeiger 74: 77-81. BRYK, F. 1928. Ueber den Mimetismus der afrikanischen Papilio-Arten. Societas Entomologia 43: 13-16. BRYK, F. 1929. Ueber den sexuellen Digryphismus von Papilio nobilis Rog. Societas Entomologia 44: 22-23. BRYK, F. 1930. Papilionidae III (Papilio). In: Strand, E. Lepidoptorum Catalogus 24 (39): 511- 676. ‘s-Gravenhage. BRYK, F. 1931. Zur Nomenklaturfrage von Acraea ansorgei Gr.-Smith. Entomologische Rundschau 48: 146, 176. BRYK, F. 1937. Danaidae I: Subfamilia Danainae. In: Bryk, F. Lepidoptorum Catalogus 28 (78): 1-432. ‘s-Gravenhage. BRYK, F. 1953. Papilio rex alinderi Bryk fa. Holmi (forma nova) (Lepidoptera). Entomologisk Tidskrift 74: 46-50. BRYK, F., & PEEBLES, H.M. 1932. New Papilionidae (Lep.). Miteilungen der Deutschen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 3: 10. *BUCHANAN, L.A.C. 1985. Notes on butterfly migration. Metamorphosis 1 (12): 5-6. *BURCHELL, W.J. 1822-1824. Travels in the interior of southern Africa. 2 vols. C. Struik (Pty) Ltd. 1967, Cape Town. BURGER, B.V., MUNRO, Z., ROTH, M., SPIES, H.S.C., TRUTER, V., GEERTSEMA, H., & HABICH, A. 1985. Constituents of osmeterial secretion of pre-final instar larvae of citrus swallowtail, Papilio demodocus (Esper) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 11 (8): 1093-1113. *BURGER, B.V., MUNRO, Z., SMIT, D., SCHMIDT, U., WU, C.L., TIEN, F.C. 1990. Sample introduction in gas chromatography: simple method for the solventless introduction of crude samples of biological origin. Journal of Chromatography 518 (1): 207-214. [Papilo demodocus] *BURGER, B.V., ROTH, M., LE ROUX, M., SPIES, H.S.C., TRUTER, V., & GEERTSEMA, H. 1978. The chemical nature of the defensive larval secretion of the citrus swallowtail, Papilio demodocus. Journal of Insect Physiology 24 (12): 803-805. BURUGA, J.H. 1975. The ecology and genetics of the butterfly ‘brown veined white’ Belenois aurota Fabricius (Pieridae). Bulletin of the East African Natural History Society 1975 (Oct- Nov): 108. *BUTLER, A.G. 1865a. Description of six new species of diurnal lepidoptera in the British Museum collection. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 430-434. *BUTLER, A.G. 1865b. Description of four new species of butterflies in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (3) 16: 397-399. *BUTLER, A.G. 1866a. Monograph of the species of Charaxes, a genus of diurnal Lepidoptera.

28 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 622-639. *BUTLER, A.G. 1866b. Descriptions of six butterflies new to science, belonging to the genera Heterochroa and Ramaleosoma. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 667-673. *BUTLER, A.G. 1866c. A monograph of the diurnal lepidoptera belonging to the genus Danais, being a revision of the insects of that genus with descriptions of new species in the national collection. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 43-59. *BUTLER, A.G. 1866d. Description of a new species of butterfly belonging to the family Lycaenidae. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 2: 169-170. *BUTLER, A.G. 1866e. Description of a new species of Junonia in the National Collection. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 2: 227-228. *BUTLER, A.G. 1867. Descriptions of some remarkable new species and a new genus of diurnal lepidoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (3) 20: 216-217. BUTLER, A.G. 1868a. An essay towards an arrangement of the genera of the family Satyridae. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 4: 193-197. BUTLER, A.G. 1868b. Description of a new species of West African Papilio, hitherto considered to be the P. zenobia of Fabricius. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 5: 60. *BUTLER, A.G. 1868c. Catalogue of diurnal lepidoptera of the family Satyridae in the collection of the British Museum [vi], 211 pp. London. *BUTLER, A.G. 1868d. Description of new or little-known species of lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868: 221-224. *BUTLER, A.G. 1869-1874. Lepidoptera Exotica, or descriptions and illustrations of exotic lepidoptera [vi], 190; [vi]. London. *BUTLER, A.G. 1869a. Descriptions of several new species of Nymphalidian Rhopalocera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 3: 17-21. *BUTLER, A.G. 1869b. Descriptions of new rhopalocera from the collection of Herbert Druce Esq. Cistula Entomologica 1: 1-16. *BUTLER, A.G. 1869c. Descriptions of new or little known forms of Diurnal Lepidoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1869: 273-276. *BUTLER, A.G. 1869d. Description of a fine new Charaxes from Africa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 6: 28-29. *BUTLER, A.G. 1870a. On butterflies recently received by Mr. Swanzy from West Africa. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1870: 123-124. *BUTLER, A.G. 1870b. A revision of the genera of the subfamily Pierinae. Cistula Entomologica 1: 33-58. *BUTLER, A.G. 1870c. Descriptions of some diurnal lepidoptera chiefly Hesperiidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1870: 485-520. *BUTLER, A.G. 1870d. Notes on a collection of insects sent by Mr Ansell from South-West Africa: List of the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1870: 524-527. *BUTLER, A.G. 1870e. The genera of Hesperidae [Hesperiidae] in the collection of the British Museum. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 7: 55-58, 92-99. BUTLER, A.G. [1870]f. Catalogue of diurnal lepidoptera described by Fabricius in the collection of the British Museum [vi], 303 pp. London. *BUTLER, A.G. 1871a. Descriptions of a new genus and six new species of Pierinae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1871: 169-173. *BUTLER, A.G. 1871b. Descriptions of some new species of exotic lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871: 79-83. *BUTLER, A.G. 1872a. On a small collection of butterflies from Angola. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871: 721-725.

29 *BUTLER, A.G. 1872b. A synonomic list of the species formerly included in the genus Pieris, with all others described since the subdivision of the group by recent authors. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1872: 26-67. *BUTLER, A.G. 1873a. Description of a new species of Pseudacraea in the Rev. Mr. Cornthwaite’s collection. Cistula Entomologica 1: 125. *BUTLER, A.G. 1873b. Descriptions of new species of Lepidoptera. Cistula Entomologica 1: 150-177. *BUTLER, A.G. 1874a. Descriptions of new African lepidoptera. Cistula Entomologica 1: 209- 217. *BUTLER, A.G. 1874b. Descriptions of new Lepidoptera. Cistula Entomologica 1: 243-244. *BUTLER, A.G. 1874c. Descriptions of some new species and a new genus of diurnal lepidoptera, in the collection of Herbert Druce Esq. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1874: 423-436. *BUTLER, A.G. 1874d. Descriptions of three new species and a new genus of diurnal lepidoptera, from the collection of Andrew Swanzy, Esq. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1874: 531-533. *BUTLER, A.G. 1874e. Notes on a collection of butterflies recently brought from Cape Coast, West Africa, with description of a new species from Natal. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 11: 57-58. *BUTLER, A.G. 1874f. Descriptions of six new species of diurnal lepidoptera in the collection of the British Museum. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 11: 163-164. *BUTLER, A.G. 1875. On a collection of Lepidoptera from southern Africa, with descriptions of new genera and species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 16: 394-420. *BUTLER, A.G. 1876a. On a collection of lepidoptera recently received from Abyssinia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 18: 480-490. *BUTLER, A.G. 1876b. Descriptions of three new species of Papilio from the collection of Mr. Herbert Druce. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 13: 56-57. *BUTLER, A.G. 1876c. Revision of the lepidopterous genus Teracolus with descriptions of the new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876: 126-165. *BUTLER, A.G. 1877. Descriptions of several African Lepidoptera in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 19: 458-462. *BUTLER, A.G. 1878a. Description of several new species of lepidoptera in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 2: 177-179. *BUTLER, A.G. 1878b. On a collection of lepidoptera recently received from Madagascar. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 2: 283-297. *BUTLER, A.G. 1879a. On a collection of lepidoptera from the Island of Johanna. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 186-192. *BUTLER, A.G. 1879b. Descriptions of new species of lepidoptera from Madagascar, with notes on some of the forms already described. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 4: 227- 246. *BUTLER, A.G. 1879c. On a collection of lepidoptera from Madagascar. Cistula Entomologica 2: 389-394. *BUTLER, A.G. 1880a. On a collection of Lepidoptera from Candahar. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1880: 403-415. *BUTLER, A.G. 1880b. On a collection of Lepidoptera from Madagascar with descriptions of genera and species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 5: 333-344, 384-395. *BUTLER, A.G. 1881a. On two new species of butterflies from East Africa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 18: 145-146. *BUTLER, A.G. 1881b. On the lepidoptera collected in Socotra by Prof. I.B. Balfour. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881: 175-180.

30 *BUTLER, A.G. 1881c. On a new species of Charaxes from West Africa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 18: 107-108. *BUTLER, A.G. 1882. On the butterflies of the genus Teracolus occuring at Accra, Gold Coast. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 18: 227-230. *BUTLER, A.G. 1882. On a small collection of Lepidoptera from the Hawaiian Islands. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1882: 31-45. [Lampides boeticus] *BUTLER, A.G. 1883. On some lepidoptera from the Victoria Nyanza. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 12: 101-107. *BUTLER, A.G. 1884a. Two new butterflies allied to Aphnaeus natalensis. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 20: 250-251. *BUTLER, A.G. 1884b. On an undescribed butterfly of the genus Teracolus from Arabia. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 21: 81. *BUTLER, A.G. 1884c. Description of a new species of Pseudacraea from Natal. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 14: 123. *BUTLER, A.G. 1884d. On new species of lepidoptera recently added to the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 14: 403-407. *BUTLER, A.G. 1885a. On a collection of lepidoptera made by Major J.W. Yerbury at or near Aden. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1884: 478-503. *BUTLER, A.G. 1885b. Description of a new butterfly from Madagascar. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 21: 198. *BUTLER, A.G. 1886. An account of two collections of Lepidoptera recently received from Somali-land. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885: 756-776. *BUTLER, A.G. 1886a. Description of two new species of Teracolus. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 23: 29-31. *BUTLER, A.G. 1886b. Notes on the genus Terias, with descriptions of new species in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 17: 212-225. *BUTLER, A.G. 1886c. On lepidoptera collected by Major Yerbury in western . Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1886: 355-395. *BUTLER, A.G. 1887. A new genus of Pierinae allied to Appias. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 23: 248-249. *BUTLER, A.G. 1888a. On the lepidoptera received from Dr Emin Pasha. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888: 56-85. *BUTLER, A.G. 1888b. Descriptions of some new lepidoptera from Kilim-njaro. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1888: 91-98. *BUTLER, A.G. 1888c. On two small collections of African lepidoptera recently received from Mr. H.H. Johnston. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887: 567-574. *BUTLER, A.G. 1888d. An account of three series of lepidoptera collected in north-west India by Major Yerbury. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 1: 132-151; 196-209. *BUTLER, A.G. 1891. List of lepidoptera in a collection made by Emin Pasha in Central Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 7: 40-51. *BUTLER, A.G. 1893. Description of a new species of the butterfly genus Charaxes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 12: 266. *BUTLER, A.G. 1894a. On a collection of lepidoptera from British East Africa, made by Dr. J.W. Gregory between the months of March and August 1893. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894: 557-593. *BUTLER, A.G. 1894b. On two collections of lepidoptera sent by Mr. H.H. Johnston, Esq., C.B., from British Central Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1893: 643-684. *BUTLER, A.G. 1895a. On Charaxes azota of Hewitson, a rare butterfly of which the type specimen is not in Hewitson’s collection. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 15: 248-249.

31 *BUTLER, A.G. 1895b. On collections of lepidoptera from British Central Africa and Lake Tanganyika. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895: 250-270. *BUTLER, A.G. 1895c. On a small collection of butterflies sent by Mr. Richard Crawshay from the country west of Lake Nyasa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895: 627- 634. *BUTLER, A.G. 1895d. Descriptions of new species of Planema in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 16: 415-417. *BUTLER, A.G. 1895e. Description of a new species of butterfly of the genus Amauris obtained by Mr. Scott Elliot in East Central Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 16: 122- 123. *BUTLER, A.G. 1895f. On the Acraea cynthius of Drury. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 16: 271. *BUTLER, A.G. 1896a. On a small collection of lepidoptera sent from Nyasa in 1895 by Mr. R. Crawshay. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 18: 67-75. *BUTLER, A.G. 1896b. Descriptions of some new lepidoptera from Nyasaland. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 18: 159-163. *BUTLER, A.G. 1896c. A new butterfly of the genus Acraea from Tugela, S. Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 18: 467. *BUTLER, A.G. 1896d. On lepidoptera recently collected in British East Africa by Mr. G.F. Scott Elliot. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895: 722-742. *BUTLER, A.G. 1896e. On a collection of butterflies obtained by Mr Richard Crawshay in Nyasa- land between the months of January and April 1895. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 108-136. *BUTLER, A.G. 1896f. On the butterflies obtained in Arabia and Somaliland by Capt. Chas. G. Nurse and Col. J.W. Yewbury in 1894 and 1895. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 242-257. BUTLER, A.G. 1896g. An account of the butterflies of the genus Charaxes in the collection of the British Museum. Journal of the Linnean Society of London 25: 348-404. *BUTLER, A.G. 1896h. On a small collection of butterflies made by Consul Alfred Sharpe at Zomba, British Central Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895: 720- 721. *BUTLER, A.G. 1897a. On two collections of lepidoptera made by Mr. R. Crawshay in Nyasa- land. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 817-850. *BUTLER, A.G. 1897b. On a collection of lepidoptera from Nyasa-land presented to the museum by Sir Harry Johnston, K.C.B., and collected by Mr. J.B. Yule. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 851-855. *BUTLER, A.G. 1897c. On a new African Pierine butterfly of the genus Mylothris. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 19: 627. *BUTLER, A.G. 1897d. A revision of the species of butterflies belonging to the genus Teracolus Swains. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 20: 385-399, 451-473, 495-507. *BUTLER, A.G. 1897e. On a collection of Lepidoptera obtained in the Arusa Galla country in 1894 by Mr. F. Gillett. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897: 692-695. *BUTLER, A.G. 1898a. On three consignments of butterflies collected in Natal in 1896 and 1897 by Mr. Guy A.K. Marshall. F.Z.S. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897: 835-857. *BUTLER, A.G. 1898b. On a collection of lepidoptera made by Mr. F.V. Kirby, chiefly in Portuguese East Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1898: 49-58. *BUTLER, A.G. 1898c. On the lepidopterous insects collected by Mr. G.A.K. Marshall in Natal and Mashonaland in 1895 and 1897. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1898: 186-201.

32 *BUTLER, A.G. 1898d. On a collection of lepidoptera made in British East Africa by Mr. C.S. Betton. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1898: 395-444. *BUTLER, A.G. 1898e. On some new species of African Pierinae in the collection of the British Museum, with notes on seasonal forms of Belenois. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1898: 431-438. *BUTLER, A.G. 1898f. On a collection of butterflies almost entirely made at Salisbury, Mashunaland, by Mr. Guy A.K. Marshall in 1898. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1898: 902-912. *BUTLER, A.G. 1899a. A list of butterflies obtained in the Harar Highlands by Capt. H.G.C. Swayne, R.E. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1898: 821-822. *BUTLER, A.G. 1899c. On two small collections of butterflies made by Mr. Richard Crawshay during 1898 in British East Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1899: 417-427. *BUTLER, A.G. 1899d. Descriptions of new species of the genus Lycaenesthes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 4: 341-344. *BUTLER, A.G. 1899e. The genus Cigaritis and its application. Entomologist 32: 77-78. *BUTLER, A.G. 1900a. On a collection of butterflies made by Mr. Richard Crawshay in British East Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1899: 962-975. *BUTLER, A.G. 1900b. On a small collection of butterflies from the Nandi District, Uganda Protectorate, Eastern side of Lake Victoria; made by Captain Hobart, of the Granadier Guards. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1899: 976-978. *BUTLER, A.G. 1900c. On a new genus of Lycaenidae hitherto confounded with Catochrysops. Entomologist 33: 1-2. *BUTLER, A.G. 1901a. On two consignments of butterflies collected by Mr. Richard Crawshay in the Kikuyu country of British East Africa in 1899 and 1900. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1900: 911-946. *BUTLER, A.G. 1901b. An account of a collection of butterflies made by the Rev. K. St. Aubyn Rogers between Mombasa and the forests of Taveta. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 7: 22-35. *BUTLER, A.G. 1901c. Descriptions of new species of Lycaenidae in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 7: 288-291. *BUTLER, A.G. 1901d. On a collection of butterflies made by George Migeod Esq., in northern Nigeria between September 1899 and January 1900. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 8: 57-60. *BUTLER, A.G. 1901e. A revision of the butterflies of the genus Precis with notes on the seasonal phases of the species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 8: 196-216. *BUTLER, A.G. 1902a. On a small collection of butterflies made by C. Stuart Betton in British East Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 9: 31-34. *BUTLER, A.G. 1902b. On two collections of lepidoptera made by Sir Harry Johnston, K.C.B., in the Uganda Protectorate during the year 1900. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902: 44-51. *BUTLER, A.G., & ROTHSCHILD, W. 1892. On a new and also on a little-known species of Pseudacraea in the collection of the Hon. Walter Rothschild. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1892: 201-202. *BUTLER, A.G. & TRIMEN, R. 1868. Observations on some South African butterflies enumerated in the “Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera of the Family Satyridae in the Collection of the Briish Museum”. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 16 (4): 283-288. BUTTIKOFER, J. 1890. Reisebilder aus Liberia. Resultate Geographischer, Naturwissenschäftlicher und Ethnographischer Untersuchungen Während der Jahre 1894-

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36 CHARLAT, S., DAVIES, N., RODERICK, G.K., & HURST, G.D.D. 2007. Disrupting the timing of Wolbachia-induced male-killing. Biology Letters 3 (2): 154-256. [Hypolimnas bolina] CHEN, Y-R., SOLTER, L.F., CHIEN, T.-Y., JIANG, M.-H., LIN, H.-F., FAN, H.-S., LO, C.-F. & WANG, C.-H. 2009. Characterization of a new insect cell line (NTU-YB) derived from the common grass yellow butterfly, Eurema hecabe (Linnaeus) (Pieridae: Lepidoptera) and its susceptibility to microsporidia. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 102 (3): 256-262. CHHAYA, K., MUJUMDAR, N., MHASKE, P. & PATWARDHAN, A. 2012. A new larval host record for the Pea Blue butterfly Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Pune, Maharashtra, India. Bugs 'R' All 19: 6-9. *CHIBA, H. 2009. A revision of the subfamily Coeliadinae (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Bulletin of the Kitakyusha Museum Natural History Human History Series A 7: 1-102. CHITTY, J.C.O. 1976. The undescribed female of a Charaxes Ochsenheimer (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Arnoldia, Rhodesia 8 (4): 1-3. *CHITTY, J.C.O. 1982. A consolidated history of the discovery of Charaxes gallagheri Van Son 1962 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae); its habits, habitats and early stages. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 94 (7-8): 147-150. *CHITTY, J.C.O. 1986. Taxonomic status of Acraea anacreon bomba Grose-Smith. Metamorphosis 1 (17): 1. CHRISTOPH, H. 1887. Lepidoptera aus dem Achal-Tekke-Gebiete. In: ROMANOFF, N.M. Mémoires sur les Lépidoptères 3: 50-125. *CIESLAK, A., VANE-WRIGHT, R.I., & VOGLER, A.P. 2003. Variation, adaptation and developmental constraints in the mimetic butterfly Papilio dardanus. In: SEKIMURA, T., NOKI, S., UENO, N., and MAINI, P.K. [EDS]. Morphogenesis and pattern formation in biological systems: experiments and models. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo: i-xx, 1-398. Chapter pagination: 97-108. [@chap] *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 1972. Lepidochrysops trimeni (Bethune-Baker) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) reared from larvae found in a nest of Camponotus maculatus Fab.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 35: 359-360. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 1974. Methods employed in the successful rearing, under artificial conditions, of two Cape species of Lepidochrysops (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 37 (2): 387-392. CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 1976. Observations on the myrmecophilous relationships and the parasites of Lepidochrysops methymna methymna (Trimen) and L. trimeni (Bethune-Baker) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 39 (2): 279-289. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 1984a. Butterfly migrations in the south western Cape. Metamorphosis 1 (8): 3-6. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 1984b. Zophopetes dysmephila dysmephila (Trimen). A recently discovered in the extreme south western Cape. Metamorphosis 1 (9): 3-4. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 1987. Junonia hierta cebrene Trimen breeding in the Cape Peninsula in 1986, with notes on territorial expansion of some Lepidoptera. Part I. Metamorphosis 1 (18): 2-4. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 1988a. Junonia hierta cebrene Trimen breeding in the Cape Peninsula in 1986, with notes on territorial expansion of some Lepidoptera. Part II. Metamorphosis 1 (21): 8-10. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 1988b. Notes on the early stages of Durbania saga Trimen, 1883. Metamorphosis 1 (22): 14-15. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 1989a. On the disappearance of Zophopetes dysmephila dysmephila (Trimen), a skipper recently introduced into the extreme Western Cape. Metamorphosis 1 (23): 3.

37 *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 1989b. On the paucity of Acraea horta (Linnaeus) in the extreme Western Cape during the summer of 1988-1989. Metamorphosis 1 (23): 3. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 1991a. The mystery of the squeaking pupae of myrmecophilous Lycaenidae. Metamorphosis 2 (3): 19-20. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 1991b. Parasitoids of the garden acraea, Acraea horta (Linnaeus, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Acraeinae). Metamorphosis 2 (4): 24-28. *CLAASSENS, A.[J.M.] 1993. Collecting Lepidoptera in Namaqualand, September, 1992. Metamorphosis 4 (2): 79-82. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 1994. Recent observations on Lepidoptera. Metamorphosis 5 (2): 53-54. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 1995a. Butterflies of Namaqualand. Metamorphosis 6 (2): 72-73. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 1995b. Observations on the large white, Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae), a butterfly which recently established itself in the Western Cape. Metamorphosis 6 (2): 86-93. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 1996a. Further observations on Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in the Western Cape Province. Metamorphosis 7 (2): 88-90. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 1996b. Notes on the feeding habits and protective measures of the larvae of Durbaniopsis saga Van Son (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 7 (3): 127-128. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 1996c. Description of a later instar larva of Thestor yildizae [Letter to the editor]. Metamorphosis 7 (3): 139-140. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 1998. A new parasitoid and host-plant of the larvae of Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in the Western Cape, South Africa. Metamorphosis 9 (4): 184-186. CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 2000. Butterflies of the Cape Peninsula: a comprehensive guide. Tafelberg, Cape Town. 1-72. [South Africa] [#book] *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 2002. Melanistic aberrations in Acraea horta (Linnaeus, 1764) (Lepidoptera: Acraeinae). Two new records from Cape Town, South Africa. Metamorphosis 13 (3): 87-89. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 2003. Observations on the occurrence, general appearance, behaviour and feeding habits of two mymecophilous bristletails (Insecta: Thysanura) in nests of associated with lycaenid larvae (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 14 (2): 55-61. CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 2005. Butterflies of the Western Cape: a guide to common garden, park and wayside butterflies. Sunbird Publishers; 72 pp. [#book] CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 2006. Fire and butterflies on Table Mountain: insects and plants. Veld & Flora 92 (2): 92-96. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 2007a. Multiple sightings of Charaxes brutus natalensis in the extreme south western Cape Province. Metamorphosis 18 (4): 156-157. CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 2007b. Life in a wild peach tree; The garden acraea and the wild peach: learning about biodiversity. Veld & Flora 93 (1): 45-49. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M., & DICKSON, C.G.C. [1974]. The early stages of Aloeides thyra (L.) (Lep.: Lycaenidae) with notes on association, distribution and general ecology of the species. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 86 (11-12): 253-258. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M., & DICKSON, C.G.C. 1977. A study of the myrmecophilous behaviour of the immature stages of Aloeides thyra (L.) (Lep.: Lycaenidae) with special reference to the function of the retractile tubercles and with additional notes on the general biology of the species. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 89 (9): 225-231. CLAASSENS, A.J.M., & DICKSON, C.G.C. 1980. The butterflies of the Table Mountain Range. Struik, Cape Town: 160 pp. [#book] *CLAASSENS, A.J.M., & DICKSON, C.G.C. 1986a. Mylothris chloris agathina (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), a species which has extended its range of distribution from the easterly part of South Africa to the extreme western Cape. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 98 (1-2): 1-4.

38 *CLAASSENS, A.J.M., & DICKSON, C.G.C. 1986b. Zophopetes dysmephila dysmephila (Trimen), a butterfly introduced into the extreme western Cape on palms. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 98 (1-2): 4-6. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M., & HEATH, A. 1997. Notes on the myrmecophilous early stages of two species of Thestor Hübner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from South Africa. Metamorphosis 8 (2): 56-61. *CLAASSENS, A.J.M. & HEATH, A. 2003. The life-history of Thestor basutus basutus (Wallengren) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Miletinae) with new information on its association with pugnacious ants (Anoplolepis sp.: Formicidae). Metamorphosis 14 (2): 48-54. *CLARK, G.C. 1940. On the life-histories of some South African Lepidoptera. Part I. Rhopalocera. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 3: 42-56. CLARK, G.C. 1942. On the life-histories of some South African Lepidoptera. Part II. Rhopalocera. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 5: 111-118. *CLARK, G.C. 1943. On the life-histories of some South African Lepidoptera. Part III. Rhopalocera. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 6: 140-146. *CLARK, G.C. 1951. The life history of Crudaria leroma. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 14: 127-132. *CLARK, G.C. 1952. Some peculiarities in the early stages of some butterflies. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 15: 96-98. CLARK, G.C. 1978. Life cycles: life-histories of South African hesperiid butterflies. In: DICKSON, C.G.C., & KROON, D.M. [Eds]. Pennington’s butterflies of southern Africa. A.D. Donker, Johannesburg: 1-670. Chapter pagination: 205-281. CLARK, G.C., & DICKSON, C.G.C. 1952. Some South African butterflies. iv, 44 pp. Longmans Green & Co., Cape Town. [#book] *CLARK, G.C., & DICKSON, C.G.C. 1956a. Proposed classification of South African Lycaenidae from the early stages. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 19: 195-215. *CLARK, G.C., & DICKSON, C.G.C. 1956b. The honey gland and tubercles of the larvae of the Lycaenidae. Lepidopterists’ News 10: 37-40. *CLARK, G.C., & DICKSON, C.G.C. 1957a. The life-history of Lepidochrysops patricia (Trim.) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 20: 114- 116. *CLARK, G.C., & DICKSON, C.G.C. 1957b. The life-history of Precis octavia (Cram.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 20: 257-259. *CLARK, G.C., & DICKSON, C.G.C. 1957c. On the life-history of Leptomyrina lara (L.) and the reclassification of the Natal form, gorgias (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 20: 333-335. *CLARK, G.C., & DICKSON, C.G.C. 1957d. On the association of Lepidochrysops trimeni (B.Bak) with ants, with reference to the pupa (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 20: 463-464. CLARK, G.C., & DICKSON, C.G.C. 1960. The life-histories of two species of Thestor (Lepidopt.: Lycaenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 23: 278- 283. *CLARK, G.C., & DICKSON, C.G.C. 1964. The life-history of Libythea labdaca laius Trimen (Lepidoptera: Libytheidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 26: 290-292. *CLARK, G.C., & DICKSON, C.G.C. 1965. The life-histories of two species of South African Eurema. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 4: 252-257. *CLARK, G.C., & DICKSON, C.G.C. 1967. The life-histories of South African Colotis erone, C.

39 ione, C. vesta and Leptosia alcesta. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 6: 31-42. CLARK, G.C., & DICKSON, C.G.C. 1971. Life Histories of the South African Lycaenid Butterflies. xvi, 272 pp. Purnell and Sons, Cape Town. [#book] *CLARK, R., BROWN, S.M., COLLINS, S.C., JIGGINS, C.D., HECKEL, D.G. & VOGLER, A.P. 2008. Colour pattern specification in the Mocker swallowtail Papilio dardanus: the transcription factor invected is a candidate for the mimicry locus H. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 275: 1181-1188. *CLARKE, C. [A.] 1977. Philip Macdonald Sheppard. 27 July 1921 – 17 October 1976. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 23: 464-500. CLARKE, C. [A.] 1980. Papilio nandina, a probable hybrid between Papilio dardanus and Papilio phorcas. Systematic Entomology 5 (1): 49-57. CLARKE, C.[A.] 1986. An explanation of ‘throwbacks’. A promising butterfly model. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society 45 No. 353: 257-258. [Papilio dardanus x P. phorcas] *CLARKE, C.A. 1991. The Clarke/Sheppard/Turner genetic collection of butterflies at the Natural History Museum, London. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 45 (3): 222-225. CLARKE, C.A., CLARKE, F.M.M., & GILL, A.C.L. 1987. Race crosses between two Kenyan mimetic forms of Papilio dardanus Brown 1776 and the non-mimetic dardanus humbloti Obth. 1888 from the Comoros. Papilio International 3 (3): 199-201. CLARKE, C.A., CLARKE, F.M.M., & GORDON, I.J. 1995. Mimicry and other controversial topics in East African Lepidoptera. Journal of East African Natural History 84 (1): 3-18. CLARKE, C.A., CLARKE, F.M.M., GORDON, I.J., & MARSH, N.A. 1989. Rule-breaking mimics: palatability of the butterflies Hypolimnas bolina and Hypolimnas misippus, a sister species pair. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 37 (4): 359-365. *CLARKE, C.A., DICKSON, C.G.C., & SHEPPARD, P.M. 1963. Larval color pattern in Papilio demodocus. Evolution, Lawrence, Kansas 17 (2): 130-137. CLARKE, C.A., GORDON, I.J., SMITH, C.R., & VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 1991. Phylogenetic relationships of three African swallowtail butterflies, Papilio dardanus, P. phorcas and P. constantinus: new data from hybrids (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Systematic Entomology 16 (3): 257-273. CLARKE, C. A., & SHEPPARD, P.M. 1959. The genetics of Papilio dardanus Brown. I. Race cenea from South Africa. Genetics 44: 1347-1358. CLARKE, C. A., & SHEPPARD, P.M. 1960a. The genetics of Papilio dardanus Brown. II. Races dardanus, polytrophus, meseres, and tibullus. Genetics 45: 439-457. CLARKE, C. A., & SHEPPARD, P.M. 1960b. The genetics of Papilio dardanus Brown. III. Race antinorii from Abyssinia and race meriones from Madagascar. Genetics 45: 683-698. CLARKE, C. A., & SHEPPARD, P.M. 1960c. The evolution of mimicry in the butterfly Papilio dardanus. Heredity 14: 163-173. CLARKE, C. A., & SHEPPARD, P.M. 1960d. Super-genes and mimicry. Heredity 14: 175-185. [Papilio dardanus] CLARKE, C. A., & SHEPPARD, P.M. 1960e. The evolution of dominance under disruptive selection. Heredity 14: 23-87. [Papilio dardanus] CLARKE, C. A., & SHEPPARD, P.M. 1962. The genetics of Papilio dardanus Brown. IV. Data on race ochracea, race flavicornis, and further information on races polytrophus and dardanus. Genetics 47: 909-920. *CLARKE, C. A., & SHEPPARD, P.M. 1963. Interactions between major genes and polygenes in the determination of the mimetic patterns of Papilio dardanus. Evolution 17: 404-413. CLARKE, C. [A.] & SHEPPARD, P.M. 1975. The genetics of the mimetic butterfly Hypolimnas bolina (L.). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (B) 272: 229-265. *CLARKE, C.A., SHEPPARD, P.M., & SMITH, A.G. 1973. The genetics of fore and hindwing colour in crosses between Danaus chrysippus from Australia and from Sierra Leone

40 (Danaidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 27 (1): 73-77. CLEGG, B. 1984. Rearing of Acraea horta. Exotic Entomology Group Newsletter 1984 (Spring): 6-7. CLENCH, H.K. 1943. A new Axiocerses from West Africa. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 51: 219-220. CLENCH, H.K. 1961a. Notes on the genus Thermoniphas (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Annals of the Carnegie Museum 36: 49-62. CLENCH, H.K. 1961b. A review of the African genus Dapidodigma. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 36: 63-66. CLENCH, H.K. 1963a. Further notes on West African Lycaenidae. Entomological News 74: 43- 49. CLENCH, H.K. 1963b. Notes on Axiocerses. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 71: 181-188. CLENCH, H.K. 1964. Notes on some African Theclinae. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 72: 237-244. CLENCH, H.K. 1965. African Deudorix (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): notes and descriptions. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 73: 178-181. CLIFTON, M. [P.] 1974. A congregation of butterflies. Bulletin of the East African Natural History Society 1974 (Dec.): 167-168. CLIFTON, M.P. 1978. Butterfly migration. East African Natural History Society Bulletin 1978: 34-35. *COACHE, A. & RAINON, B. 2015. Extraordinaires variations de Salamis cacta (F., 1793) dans le Sud-Ouest du (Lepidopteras Nymphalidae). Entomologiste (Paris) 71 (3): 165-168. *COACHE, A. & RAINON, B. 2016. Papilio phorcas phorcas Cramer, 1775 et autres Rhopalocèresde la forêt de Houéyogbé (République du Bénin). Entomologiste (Paris) 72 (5): 333-341. *COACHE, A., RAINON, B. & ZANNOU, E. 2013. Enfin un Cymothoe Hübner, 1919 en République du Bénin (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). L’Entomologiste 69 (3): 133-135. *COACHE, A., RAINON, B. & ZANNOU, E. 2013. Découverte du mâle de Tumerepedes flava Bethune-Baker, 1913, en République du Bénin (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae). L’Entomologiste 69 (1): 57-58. *COACHE, A., RAINON, B., ZANNOU, E. & TCHIBOZO, S. 2014. Contribution a l’inventaire de l’entomofaune de la fork marecageuse de Lokoli (Benin). Premier supplement: Les Acraea (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Entomologiste (Paris) 70(2): 105–113. *COACHE, A., ZANNOU, E. & RAINON, B. 2014a. Observation d’une migration de Libythea labdaca Westwood, 1851 en République du Bénin (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). L’Entomologiste 70 (4): 245-246. *COACHE, A., ZANNOU, E. & RAINON, B. 2014b. Premiére citation du genre Caprona Wallengren, 1857 en République du Bénin (Lepidoptera Hesperiidae). L’Entomologiste 70 (5): 301-302. *COCK, M.J.W. 2009 [2010]a. The biology of Pyrrhiades anchises jucunda (Butler) in north- western Oman (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Coeliadinae). Tribulus 18: 37-41. *COCK, M.J.W. 2009 [2010]b. Observations on the biology of Pelopidas thrax (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) in the Hajar Mountains, Oman. Tribulus 18: 42-49. *COCK, M.J.W. 2010. Observations on the biology of Afro-tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 1. Introduction and Coeliadinae. Zootaxa 2447: 1-63. COCK, M.J.W. 2015. A critical review of the literature on the pest Erionota spp. (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): taxonomy, distribution, food plants, biology and biological control. CAB Reviews 10 (7): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pavsnnr201510007. *COCK, M.J.W. & CONGDON, T.C.E. 2011. Observations on the biology of Afro-tropical

41 Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 2. Pyrginae: Tagiadini. Zootaxa 2893: 1-66. *COCK, M.J.W. & CONGDON, T.C.E. 2011b. Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 3. Pyrginae: Celaenorrhinini. Zootaxa September 2011: 1-67. *COCK, M.J.W. & CONGDON, T.C.E. 2012. Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 4. Hesperiinae: Aeromachini and Baorini. Zootaxa 24 Aug; 1-42. *COCK, M.J.W. & CONGDON, T.C.E. 2013. Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon feeders. Zootaxa 3724 (1): 1-85. *COCK, M.J.W. & CONGDON, T.C.E. 2014. Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 7. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: grass and bamboo feeders. Zootaxa 3872 (4): 301-354. *COCK, M.J.W. & CONGDON, T.C.E. 2017. Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) with particular reference to Kenya. Part 11. Heteropterinae. Zootaxa 3872 (4): 301-354. *COCK, M.J.W., CONGDON, T.C.E. & COLLINS, S.C. 2014. Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 6. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: palm feeders. Zootaxa 4226 (4): 487-508. *COCK, M.J.W., CONGDON, T.C.E. & COLLINS, S.C. 2015. Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 8. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dracena feeders. Zootaxa 3985 (3): 301-348. *COCK, M.J.W., CONGDON, T.C.E. & COLLINS, S.C. 2016. Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 9. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Zingibarales feeders, genera of unknown biology and an overview of the Hesperiinae incertae sedis. Zootaxa 4066 (3): 201-247. *COCK, M.J.W., CONGDON, T.C.E. & COLLINS, S.C. 2017. Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 12. New information and corrections. Zootaxa 4312 (3): 471-496. COCKBILL, G.F. 1951. Records of migrations of Catopsilia florella F. (Pieridae) from Southern Rhodesia 1922-1950. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (A) 26 (10- 12): 113-128. *COCKBURN, K.N.A. 2013. Observations on the larval host plant and life history of the Dwarf Blue, Oraidium barberae Trimen, 1868 (Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae). Metamorphosis 24: 12-14. COETZEE, J.H. & GILOMEE, J.H. 1985. Insects in association with the inflorescence of Protea repens (L.) (Proteaceae) and their role in pollination. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 48 (2): 303-314. *COETZER, A. 2001. Lesotho, January 2001. Metamorphosis 12 (3): 99-101. [Collecting trip – popular account.] *COETZER, A. 2006a. Winter in northern Province, South Africa – Mphapuli Cycad Reserve, Thohoyandou, 29 June to 4 July 2006. Metamorphosis 17 (3): 82-91. [Collecting trip – popular account.] *COETZER, A. 2006b. Notes on the early stages and habits of Bicyclus ena (Hewitson, 1977) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Metamorphosis 17 (3): 92-95. *COETZER, A. 2006c. Notes on the early stages of Platylesches robusta Neave, 1910 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Metamorphosis 17 (3): 96-98. *COETZER, A. 2014. Teniorhinus harona (Westwood, 1881): a new species for South Africa. Metamorphosis 25: 58-59.

42 *COETZER, A. 2014. Exploring the Blouberg. Babbel Blues Issue 1: 10-14. *COETZER, A. 2014. Hunting the giants – Liberia 2014. Babbel Blues Issue 2: 6-16. *COETZER, A. 2014. South African butterflying at its best. Babbel Blues Issue 2: 39-40. *COETZER, A. 2015. Critically endangered species – the Wolkberg Zulu (Alaena margaritacea). Babbel Blues Issue 3: 24-25. *COETZER, A.J. 2015. Life history and conservation status of Alaena margaritacea Eltringham, 1929 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Poritiinae) Metamorphosis 26: 32–37. *COETZER, A. & GARDINER, A.J. 2013. The behaviour and life history of Anthene crawshayi juanitae Henning & Henning, 1993 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 24: 35-37. *COETZER, B. 1995a. A proposal for a data recording system for Lepidoptera. Metamorphosis 6 (1): 29-35. *COETZER, B. 1995b. A proposal for a data recording system for Lepidoptera Part 2. Metamorphosis 6 (2): 75-81. *COETZER, B. 2005a. Common names revisted. Metamorphosis 16 (1): 12-14. *COETZER, B. 2005b. Butterfly atlas project. Metamorphosis 16 (3): 60-63. *COETZER, B. 2008. LEPIDOPS. Metamorphosis 19 (4): 184-190. [Notes on a database for Afrotropical Lepidoptera] *COETZER, B. & COETZER, A. 2008. The lure of the Eastern Cape. Metamorphosis 19 (4): 173-180. *COETZER, B., COETZER, A., WEBB, P., BODE, J. & BODE, Y. 2014. The lure of Lepidotera. Babbel Blues Issue 1: 5-7. *COGAN, B.H., HUTSON, A.M., & SHAFFER, J.C. 1971. Prelimianry observations on the affinities and composition of the insect fauna of Aldabra. Philiosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (B) 260: 315-325. *COHEN, A. 1999. Mary Elizabeth Barber, the Bowkers and South African prehistory. South African Archaeological Bulletin 54: 120-127. *COHEN, A. 2002. Roland Trimen and the merope harem. Notes and Records of the Royal Society, London 56 (2): 205-218. [Papilio dardanus cenea] COLLINS, N.M. & MORRIS, M.G. 1985. Threatened swallowtail butterflies of the world. The IUCN red data book: viii, 403 pp., 8 pls. IUCN, Gland. COLLINS, N.M. & CLIFTON, M.P. 1984. Threatened wildlife in the Taita Hills. SWARA 7 (5): 10-14. COLLINS, S.C. 1982. A new subspecies of Charaxes fournierae Le Moult 1930. Miscellanea Entomologica 49: 99-100. COLLINS, S.[C.] 1984. An extraordinary new butterfly record for the African mainland. EANHS Bulletin 1984: 73. [Hypolimnas bolina] COLLINS, S.C. 1987a. Three new African Nymphalidae. Lambillionea 87 (7-8): 92-96. COLLINS, S.C. 1987b. Mimicry and description in butterflies. An account of Dr I. Gordon’s lecture to the Society. East African Natural History Society Bulletin 17 (4): 39. COLLINS, S. [C.] 1991a. Huge lyaenid [lycaenid] blue butterfly emergence down the Magadi road. EANHS Bulletin 21 (4): 70-71. (Azanus ubaldus). COLLINS, S.C. 1991b. Some new Pseudacraea from west Madagascar and Comodo [sic] islands (Rhopalocera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 91 (3): 257-260. *COLLINS, S.C. 1997. African Butterfly Research Institute. Metamorphosis Occasional Supplement No.3: 52-55. *COLLINS, S.C. 1998. Description of a new species of Epitola Westwood from Cameroon (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 9 (2): 63-65. *COLLINS, S.C. 2014. Book Review. Field Guide to the Butterflies of the Seychelles – James M. Lawrence (with paintings by Malinda Crafford-Venter). Metamorphosis 25: 174. *COLLINS, S.C. 2015. Book Review. Les Papillons diurnes des Îles Comores/ The Butterflies of

43 the Comoros. Metamorphosis 26: 79. COLLINS, S.C. 2015. In memorium. Torben Bjorn Larsen (12 janvier 1944 / 21 mai 2015). Entomologia Africana 20 (2): 1-5. COLLINS, S.C., CONGDON, T.C.E., BAMPTON, I., & AMIET, J.L. 2006. Les premiers etats d’Euryphura achlys (Hopffer, 1855), Crenidomimas concordia (Hopffer, 1855) et Pseudargynnis hegemone (Godart, 1819) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitinae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 111 (4): 421-432. [Crenidomimas downgraded to a subgenus of Euryphura] *COLLINS, S.C., CONGDON, T.C.E., HENNING, G.A., LARSEN, T.B. & WILLIAMS, M.C. 2013a. A review of d’Abrera’s Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region – Part III (second edition), 2009 – Part 1. Metamorphosis 24: 25-34. Abstract: Part III of the Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region, dealing with the Lycaenidae and Riodinidae, was published by d’Abrera in 2009. The text has been reviewed in detail and errors, omissions and misattributions are listed in this Part 1. The taxonomic changes that have been made in these butterfly families by other authors since d’Abrera (2009) are also listed and annotated if necessary. *COLLINS, S.C., CONGDON, T.C.E., HENNING, G.A., LARSEN, T.B. & WILLIAMS, M.C. 2013b. A review of d’Abrera’s Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region – Part III (second edition), 2009 – Part 2 (Miletinae and Poritiinae). Metamorphosis 24: 44-56. Abstract: Part III of the Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region, dealing with the Lycaenidae and Riodinidae, was published by d’Abrera in 2009. The text has been reviewed in detail and in this part of the review the taxonomic changes implemented or suggested by the author in the subfamilies Miletinae and Poritiinae are assessed, and whilst many are accepted, others are reversed or revised. *COLLINS, S.C., CONGDON, T.C.E., HENNING, G.A., LARSEN, T.B. & WILLIAMS, M.C. 2014. A review of d’Abrera’s Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region – Part III (second edition), 2009 – Part 3 (Theclinae, Polyommatinae and Riodinidae). Metamorphosis 25: 109- 122. Abstract: Part III of the Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region, dealing with the Lycaenidae and Riodinidae, was published by d’Abrera in 2009. The text of this work has been reviewed in detail and in this, the third part of the review the taxonomic changes implemented or suggested by the author in the lycaenid subfamilies Theclinae, Polyommatinae and the family Riodinidae are assessed. Whilst many are accepted, others are reversed or revised. The authors have also made a few minor taxonomic revisions. A complete list of taxonomic changes is included as an Appendix. COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1991. Description of new genera, species, and subspecies discovered as part of the research for the book The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history. In: Larsen-TB The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford: i-xxi, 1-490. Chapter pagination: 438-445. [@chap] *COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1994. The Abantis bismarcki-group of skipper butterflies, with the description of Abantis bamptoni sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Entomologists' Record and Journal of Variation 106 (1-2): 1-5. COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1995a. Pseudaletis malangi a remarkable new butterfly from the Republic of Guinea (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 95 (3) (Tome II): 429-431. COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1995b. A new species of Gretna from Cameroun (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Lambillionea 95 (4) (Tome II): 561-562. COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1995c. A new Iolaus from the Shaba Province of Zaire (Lepidoptera; Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 95 (4) (Tome II): 563-564. COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1996. Baliochila warrengashi, a new butterfly from the Usambara mountains in Tanzania (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 96 (3) (Tome 1): 465-466. COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1997. Three new species of Euriphene from Cameroun and Congo. (Nymphalidae: Limenitinae). Lambillionea 97 (4) (Tome II): 597-600. *COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1998a. Neptis marci sp. nov. - an unusual new sub-montane butterfly from Kivu, Zaire. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 110 (7-8): 161- 164. *COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1998b. Two new genera and eight new species of African

44 Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera) – ABRI research paper No. 1. Metamorphosis 9 (2): 66-85. *COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 2000. Eight new species and five new subspecies of African butterflies (Rhopalocera) – an ABRI research paper. Metamorphosis 11 (2): 57-75. COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 2005. New species and subspecies of African butterflies. In; LARSEN, T.B. 2005. Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Denmark: 1-595, 1-270. Chapter pagination: 547-560. *COLLINS, S.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 2008. Eighteen new species, five new subspecies, and interesting data on other African butterflies – Fourth ABRI research paper. Metamorphosis 19 (2): 42-113. *COLLINS, S.C. & LARSEN, T.B. 2013. A new species in the Afrotropical skipper genus Artitropa from São Tomé and Principe (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae (incertae sedis)). Metamorphosis 24: 20-24. Abstract: A distinct new species in the genus Artitropa (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae (incertae sedis)) inhabiting the islands of Principe and São Tomé is described as Artitropa principetome. It was first collected in 2008 and almost certainly has been overlooked before that date. Colour patterns and the male genitalia indicate that it is most closely related to Artitropa comus, the only member of the genus to be found in West Africa. The food plant was found to be Dracaena arborea. Mosat endemic species on these islands are found on only one of these islands. Since members of the genus do not generally disperse it is likely that it evolved from A. comus over an extended time period on one island, reaching the other recently as there are no morphological differences between their populations. *COLLINS, S.C., LARSEN, T.B., & WARREN-GASH, H. 2003. Notes on Afrotropical butterflies with the description of eleven new species and four new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) – ABRI Research Paper No. 3. Metamorphosis 14 (3): 63-110. [Lepidochrysops dunni] *COLLINS, S.C. & SAFIAN, S. 2014. Notes on the Iridana obscura species group with the description of a new species from western Cameroon (Lycaenidae: Lipteninae: Epitolini). Metamorphosis 25: 141-146. ABSTRACT: Iridana obscura Stempffer, 1964 is a unique-looking species, with very dark, almost blackish hindwing underside, and for over 50 years no closely related species were described. Recently I. agneshorvathae Collins, Larsen & Sáfián, 2008 with a similarly dark hindwing underside, but a different pattern was described from Ghana. A series of both sexes of an Iridana with similar pattern on the hindwing underside have been collected in Cameroon and the . They were mentioned in the recent Lycaenidae volume of Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region, as I. near agneshorvathae and both sexes were later illustrated in the addenda to this volume, and were also illustrated in a subsequent publication as an undescribed species. The description was already in preparation, when the same Iridana was published from a single female bred in Cameroon under the name I. pseudobscura Bouyer, 2014. The authors present supplementary information on I. pseudobscura including the description of the male and describe another closely related new species, I. michaelgwynnei from North-Western Cameroon. The existence of three very similar species justifies the introduction of an I. obscura species group. I. obscura might prove endemic to the Albertine Rift area, while I. pseudobscura is a Congolian lowland forest species, probably with wider distribution in Central Africa. The newly described I. michaelgwynnei, having been collected north-west of the Sanaga River, could either be a Central-Western African forest species or an upland element found only in mid-elevation forests in the Gulf of Guinea Highlands. *COLVILLE, J. 2006. A profile of the insects of the Kamiesberg uplands, Namaqualand, South Africa. Unpublished PDF, 92pp. COMMONWEALTH AGRICULTURAL BUREAU INSTITUTE OF ENTOMOLOGY 1984. Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Long-tailed blue, lucerne blue, pea blue, bean butterfly. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology Distribution Maps of Pests Series A Agricultural No. 459: 3 pp. COMMONWEALTH AGRICULTURAL BUREAU INSTITUTE OF ENTOMOLOGY 1987. Distribution maps of pests. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology Distribution Maps of Pests Series A Agricultural No. 489: 1 pp. [Papilio demodocus] COMPTON, S.G. 1987. Aganais speciosa and Danaus chrysippus (Lepidoptera) sabotage the latex defences of their host plants. Ecological Entomology 12 (1): 115-118. *CONCEICAO, I.C., LONG, A.D., GRUBER, J.D. & BELDADE, P. 2011. Genomic sequence around butterfly wing development genes: Annotation and comparative analysis. PLoS ONE 6 (8): e23778, 1-10. Abstract: Background: Analysis of genomic sequence allows characterization of genome content and organization, and access beyond gene-coding regions for identification of functional elements. BAC libraries, where relatively large genomic

45 regions are made readily available, are especially useful for species without a fully sequenced genome and can increase genomic coverage of phylogenetic and biological diversity. For example, no butterfly genome is yet available despite the unique genetic and biological properties of this group, such as diversified wing color patterns. The evolution and development of these patterns is being studied in a few target species, including Bicyclus anynana, where a whole-genome BAC library allows targeted access to large genomic regions. Methodology/Principal Findings: We characterize approximately 1.3 Mb of genomic sequence around 11 selected genes expressed in B. anynana developing wings. Extensive manual curation of in silico predictions, also making use of a large dataset of expressed genes for this species, identified repetitive elements and protein coding sequence, and highlighted an expansion of Alcohol dehydrogenase genes. Comparative analysis with orthologous regions of the lepidopteran reference genome allowed assessment of conservation of fine-scale synteny (with detection of new inversions and translocations) and of DNA sequence (with detection of high levels of conservation of non-coding regions around some, but not all, developmental genes). Conclusions: The general properties and organization of the available B. anynana genomic sequence are similar to the lepidopteran reference, despite the more than 140 MY divergence. Our results lay the groundwork for further studies of new interesting findings in relation to both coding and non-coding sequence: 1) the Alcohol dehydrogenase expansion with higher similarity between the five tandemly- repeated B. anynana paralogs than with the corresponding B. mori orthologs, and 2) the high conservation of non-coding sequence around the genes wingless and Ecdysone receptor, both involved in multiple developmental processes including wing pattern formation. CONDAMIN, M. 1951. Mission P.L. Dekeyser et B. Holas au Libéria. Lépidoptères Rhopalocères. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire 13: 788-797. CONDAMIN, M. 1952. Mission A. Villiers au Togo et au Dahomy (1950) X. Lépidoptères Rhopalocères. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire 14: 170-183. CONDAMIN, M. 1953. Lépidoptères Rhopalocères récoltés au Cameroun par C. de Raemy. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire 15: 1037-1045. CONDAMIN, M. 1957. Le Parc National du Nikolo-Koba Fascicule I. X. Lépidoptères Rhopalocera. Mémoires de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (48): 197-205. CONDAMIN, M. 1958a. Lépidoptères Satyridae récoltés au Cameroun par C. de Raemy. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 20: 193-198. CONDAMIN, M. 1958b. Description d’une espèce nouvelle de Mycalesis (Lep Satyridae) (Mission P.L. Dekeyser et B. Holas au Libéria, 1948). Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 20: 1348-1351. CONDAMIN, M. 1959a. Description de la femelle de Mycalesis dekeyseri Condamin (Lep. Satyridae). Bull. Inst. Franc. Afrique noire (A) 21: 1223-1226. [Bicyclus dekeyseri] CONDAMIN, M. 1959b. Quelques mises au point sur la synonymie de Mycalesis (Lep. Satyridae). Bulletin l’Institut d’Afrique Noire (A) 21: 653-657. [Bicyclus] CONDAMIN, M. 1960. Lépidoptères Hesperiidae récoltés au Cameroun par C. de Raemy. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 22: 919-923. CONDAMIN, M. 1961. Mises au point de synonymie et descriptions de nouveaux Bicyclus (Lepidoptera Satyridae). Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 23: 782-799. CONDAMIN, M. 1962a. Le Parc National du Nikolo-Koba. Fascicule II. XXVI. Lepidoptera Rhopalocera (2e note). Mémoires de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (62): 249-265. CONDAMIN, M. 1962b. Les papillons de Dakar. Notes Africaines 96: 97-106. CONDAMIN, M. 1963a. Mises au point de synonymie et descriptions de nouveaux Bicyclus [Lepidoptera Satyridae]. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 25: 901-911. CONDAMIN, M. 1963b. Mise au point relative à Bicyclus campinus [Lepidoptera Satyridae] avec description d’une sous-espèce nouvelle. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 25: 1163-1165. CONDAMIN, M. 1963c. La Réserve Naturelle Intégrale du Mt Nimba. Fasc. V. XXII. Lepidoptera Satyridae. Mémoires de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (66): 433-442. CONDAMIN, M. 1964. Contribution à l’étude de la faune de la basse Casamance VIII. Lépidoptères Nymphalina. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 26: 180-220. CONDAMIN, M. 1965a. Mises au point et descriptions de nouveaux Bicyclus [Lepidoptera Satyridae]. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 27: 1095-1110. CONDAMIN, M. 1965b. Mises au point de synonymie et descriptions de nouveaux Bicyclus [Lepidoptera Satyridae] (13e contribution à la taxonomie du genre Bicyclus). Bulletin de

46 l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 27: 1438-1448. CONDAMIN, M. 1965c. Contribution à la faune du Congo (Brazzaville) (Mission A. Villiers et A. Descarpentries) VI. Lépidoptères Satyridae. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 27: 763-771. CONDAMIN, M. 1965d. Pseudacraea hostilia (Dr.) et Pseudacraea warburgi Aur., especes distinctes (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de l’Institut fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 27: 216-218. CONDAMIN, M. 1966a. Mise au point sur les Neptis à faciès d’<> [Lepidoptera Nymphalidae]. Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 28: 1008-1029. CONDAMIN, M. 1966b. Le Polymorphisme de Neptis melicerta (Drury) (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 28: 241-246. CONDAMIN, M. 1968. Mises au point de synononymie et descriptions de nouveaux Bicyclus [Lepidoptera Satyridae] (14e contribution à la taxonomie du genre Bicyclus). Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 30: 599-605. CONDAMIN, M. 1969. Le Parc National du Niokolo-Koba. Fascicule III. XXIV. Lepidoptera Rhopalocera (note récapitulative). Mémoires de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (84): 249-256. CONDAMIN, M. 1970. Descriptions de nouveaux Bicyclus [Lepidoptera Satyridae] et mises au point de synonymie (15e contribution à la taxonomie du genre Bicyclus). Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 32: 1068-1077. CONDAMIN, M. 1971. Le Massif des Mont Loma (Sierra Leone) Fascicule 1 Recherche géographiques, botaniques et zoologiques XVI. Lepidoptera Nymphalina. Mémoires de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (86): 349-365. [Nymphalidae, Danainae, Satyrinae] CONDAMIN, M. 1973a. Les papillons du Sénégal. Bulletin Ass. Avmt Sci. nat. Sénégal No. 42: 5- 14. [Systematic account of Satyrinae; ] CONDAMIN, M. 1973b. Monographie du genre Bicyclus (Lepidoptera Satyridae). Mémoires de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire No. 88: 1-324. CONDAMIN, M. 1973c. Synonymies nouvelles relatives aux Bicyclus (Lepidoptera Satyridae). (16). Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire 35 (1): 148-150. CONDAMIN, M. 1986. Deux nouvelles espèces de Bicyclus (Lepidoptera Satyridae) de Tanzanie (18e contribution à la taxonomie du genre Bicyclus). Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 45: 173-187. CONDAMIN, M. (ca. 1986). Manuscript on the butterflies of Senegambia, unpublished. CONDAMIN, M., & FOX, R.M. 1963. A new subspecies of Bicyclus ignobilis [Lepidoptera Satyridae]. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 25: 1166-1167. CONDAMIN, M., & FOX, R.M. 1964. Le complexe de Bicyclus dorothea [Lepidoptera Satyridae]. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 26: 624-631. CONDAMIN, M., & ROY, R. 1963. Le Réserve Naturelle Intégrale du Mt Nimba. Fasc. V. XIX. Lépidoptèra Papilionidae. Mémoires de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (66): 415-422. CONDAMIN, M., & SOLTANI, B. 1981. Contribution à l’étude des Lépidoptères Satyridae de Centrafrique. Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 42: 166-180. CONDAMIN, M., & STEMPFFER, H. 1953. Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres recoltes au Cameroun par C. de Raemy. Bull. Inst. Franc. Afr. Noire 15: 1037-1044. CONDAMIN, M., & VUATTOUX, R. 1972. Les Lépidoptères Satyridae des environs de Lamto (Cote- d’Ivoire). Annales de l’Université d’Abidjan (Serie E) 5 (1): 31-57. [Ivory Coast, Lamto, checklist, Satyrinae] *CONGDON, C. 1993. Peters’ mountain ringlet. Metamorphosis 4 (2): 69-70. [Neocoenyra petersi; Tanzania] *CONGDON, C. 1996a. Expedition diary. Metamorphosis 7 (2): 91-92. [Account of collecting trip; Tanzania] *CONGDON, C. 1996b. The confusion around Euphaedra medon neustetteri [Letter to the editor].

47 Metamorphosis 7 (3): 140. *CONGDON, C. 2002. Letter to the editor. Metamorphosis 13 (2): 77-78. [comments on hilltopping in Telchinia encedon] *CONGDON, [T.]C.[E.], & BAMPTON, I. undated. Some endemic butterflies of eastern Africa and Malawi. Unpublished PDF, 19 pp. ABRI, P.O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya. CONGDON, C., & BAMPTON, I. 1995. Ants and lycaenid butterflies – some observations. Lambillionea 95: 572-574. *CONGDON, C., & BAMPTON, I. 1996. Some early stages of butterflies from western Tanzania. Metamorphosis 7 (1): 17-19. *CONGDON, C., & BAMPTON, I. 1997. The study of the early stages of African Lepidoptera: environmental and systematics considerations. Metamorphosis Occasional Supplement No.3: 57-60. *CONGDON, C., & BAMPTON, I. 2000. Provisional notes on the foodplants of the Iolaini (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea, Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 11 (1): 33-42. *CONGDON, C. & BAMPTON, I. 2001. Udzungwa National Park [Tanzania]. Checklist of butterflies. Unpublished MS Word document, 35pp. *CONGDON, C., & BAMPTON, I. 2002. Hunting for Erikssonia alaponoxa Henning and Henning 2001 (Letter to the editor). Metamorphosis 13 (4): 122-123. *CONGDON, C., & BAMPTON, I. 2009. Musings from Mount Mabu. Metamorphosis 20 (2): 67-71. [Notes on a collecting expedition in Mozambique] *CONGDON, C., BAMPTON, I. & COLLINS, S. 2008. Early stages and larval shelters of some species of Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Metamorphosis 19 (4): 160-164. *CONGDON, T.C.E., BAMPTON, I. & COLLINS, S.C. 2009. Some notes on the life histories and taxonomy of Afrotropical Graphium species (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea: Papilionidae). Metamorphosis 20 (2): 44-63. *CONGDON, T.C.E., BAMPTON, I., COLLINS, S.C. 2017. An illustrated report on the larvae, adults and host associations of 424 African Lepidoptera taxa belonging to the Papilionoidea. A second report of the Caterpillar Rearing Group of LepSoc Africa. Metamorphosis 28: 57– 140. *CONGDON, T.C.E. & BAYLISS, J.L. 2013. Butterflies of Mt Mecula and Mt Yao, Niassa Province, Northern Mozambique. Metamorphosis 23: 26-34. CONGDON, C., & COLLINS, S. 1998. Kielland’s butterflies of Tanzania. Supplement. African Butterfly Research Institute & Union des Entomologistes Belges, Nairobi & Tervuren, 143 pp. [#book] *CONGDON, [T.]C.[E.], COLLINS, S. & BAYLISS, J. 2010. Butterflies of south east Africa’s mountains (Mozambique and Malawi). Metamorphosis 21 (2): 46-107. CONGDON, T.C.E., GARDINER, A., & BAMPTON, I. 2001. Some endemic butterflies of Kenya, Tanzania and Malawi. African Butterfly Research Institute, P.O. Box 14308, Nairobi, Kenya. *CONSCIENCIA, S., BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. & MENDES, L.F. 2009. Novos dados sobre os lepidopteros diurnos (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea e Papilionoidea) da Guine-Bissau. VII. Conclusoes. Boletin de la SEA 44: 235-246. [Guinea Bissau] CONSCIENCIA, S., MENDES, L.F. & BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. 2008. Novos dados sobre os lepidopteros diurnos (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea e Papilionoidea) da Guine-Bissau. VI. Nymphalidae (). Boletin de la SEA 43: 343-350. *COOK, L.M. 1978. Zaire butterflies and faunal diversity in the tropics. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 10 (3): 349-360. *COOK, S.E., VERNON, J.G., BATESON, M. & GUILFORD, T. 1994. Mate choice in the polymorphic African , Papilio dardanus: male-like females may avoid sexual harassment. Animal Behaviour 47 (2): 389-397.

48 *COOKSON, H. 1954a. Notes on some rare butterflies and some sphingids from S. Rhodesia. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 17: 171-174. COOKSON, H. 1954b. Correction of locality name of new butterflies caught by H. Cookson in 1903, 1904, and 1905 and described by H. Druce. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 17: 265. COOKSON, H. 1958. Migration of the hesperiid butterfly, Andronymus neander, at the Vumba near Umtali in Southern Rhodesia. Entomologist 91: 99. *COOKSON, H. 1967. The occurrence of Pseudiolaus poultoni Riley (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in southern Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 29: 198. COOPER, K.V. 1978. Brown-veined white butterflies impaled on grass. East African Natural History Society Bulletin 1978: 109-111. [Belenois aurota] COOPER, R. 1973. Butterflies of Rhodesia. Longman Rhodesia (Pvt.) Ltd., Salisbury: [vi], 1-138. [#book] COOPER, R. 1991. Butterflies of Zimbabwe. Second edition. Longman, Zimbabwe, Harare: 1-138. [#book] CORBET, A.S. 1948. Observations on the species of Rhopalocera common to Madagascar and the Oriental region. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 99: 589-607. CORBET, A.S. & PENDLEBURY, H.M. 1992. The Butterflies of the Malay Peninsula, ed. J.N. ELIOT. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Nature Society. CORDEIRO, N. 1988. On the mimetic associations of Euxanthe wakefieldii (Ward) to its danaid models (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Danaidae). East Africa Natural History Society Bulletin 18 (3): 30-33. CORDEIRO, N.J. 1990. A provisional annotated checklist of the butterflies in Lake Manyara National Park, Arusha region, Tanzania. Journal of the East African Natural History Society and National Museum 80 No. 196: 25-41. CORDEIRO, N.J. [1993]. Butterflies. In: Evans, T.D. and Anderson, G.Q.A. [Eds]. A wildlife survey of the East Usambara and Ukaguru Mountains, Tanzania: 42-52 + appendix. [annotated checklist @chap] *CORDEIRO, N.J. 1995. Interesting distribution records of butterflies from northern Tanzania. Metamorphosis 6 (4): 194-198. CORNES, M.A. 1967. Notes on the Nigerian species of Neptis. Nigerian Entomological Magazine 1: 20-22. CORNES, M.A. 1969. A check list of the Nigerian Lycaenoidea. Occasional Publications. Entomological Society of Nigeria (3): 23 pp. CORNES, M.A. 1971. A check list of the Nigerian Hesperioidea. Occasional Publications. Entomological Society of Nigeria (7): 10 pp. CORNES, M.A., & RILEY, J. 1970. The Lepidoptera of Gambari Forest Reserve Part 3. Lycaenidae and Hesperiidae. Nigerian Entomologists’ Magazine 2: 130-136. CORNES, M.A., RILEY, J., & St LEGER, R.G.T. 1973. A check list of the Nigerian Papilionoidea. Occasional Publications of the Entomological Society of Nigeria No. 11: 1- 18. COSTANZO, K. & MONTEIRO, A. 2007. The use of chemical and visual cues in female choice in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 274 (1611): 845-851. COTTERILL, F.P.D. 2002. Mammal collections and biodiversity conservation in the Ikelenge pedicle, Mwinilunga District. Occasional Publications in Biodiversity 10: 1-18. [Zambia] COTTRELL, C.B. 1963. Two new subspecies of Papilio jacksoni E. Sharpe (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) from Tanganyika and the northern Rhodesia-Nyasaland border. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 32: 125-128. *COTTRELL, C.B. 1965. A study of the methymna-group of the genus Lepidochrysops Hedicke (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa (9):

49 110 pp. *COTTRELL, C.B. 1974. Obituary: K.M. Pennington, AFC, MA, BCL, FRES (1897-1974). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 86: 250-252. COTTRELL, C.B. 1978a. Aspects of the biogeography of southern African butterflies, revealed by an investigation of the nature of the Cape butterfly fauna. Zambesia (Journal of the University of Rhodesia) 1978 (Supplement): i-viii, 1-100. COTTRELL, C.B. 1978b. Aspects of the biogeography of southern African butterflies revealed by an investigation of the nature of the Cape butterfly fauna. Palaeoecology of Africa and the Surrounding Islands 10: 95-97. COTTRELL, C.B. 1981. The Aslauga purpurascens complex of entomophagous butterflies (Lycaenidae). Systematic Entomology 6 (1): 5-45. COTTRELL, C.B. 1985. The absence of co-evolutionary associations with Capensis floral element plants in the larval/plant relationships of southwestern Cape butterflies. In: Vrba, E.S. [Ed.]. Species and speciation. Transvaal Museum Monograph No. 4, Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, pp. 115-124. COTTRELL, C.B., & LOVERIDGE, J.P. 1966. Observations on the Cryptosepalum forests of the Mwinilunga District of Zambia. Proceedings and Transactions of the Rhodesia Scientific Association 51: 1-44. [Includes a list of recorded butterflies] COUTEYEN, S. 2008. Doratoxylon apetalum (Poir.) Radlk. (Sapindacees) plante-hote des chenilles d’Eurema floricola ceres Butler, 1886 (Lep., Pieridae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 113 (1): 39-40. [Reunion Island, Mascarenes] COUTSIS, J.G. 2012. A comparison between the female genitalia of pumilio and those of G. nostrodamus (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea). Phegea 40 (1b): 39-40. Abstract: The female genitalia of Gegenes pumilio (Hoffmansegg, 1804) and G. nostrodamus (Fabricius, 1793) are figured and described, providing information for the safe identification of the females of these two closely allied and often misidentified similar species. COWAN, C.F. 1983a. Euphaedra Hűbner, [1819] (Insecta, Lepidoptera): proposed conservation under the plenary powers Z.N.(S.) 1686. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 40 (4): 243- 245. COWAN, C.F. 1983b. Pseudopontia Plőtz v. Gonophlebia Felder (Insecta, Lepidoptera): settlement of case Z.N. (S.) 1688. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 40 (1): 41-42. COWAN, C.F. 1984a. Comment on the proposed conservation of Capys Hewitson, 1865. Z.N. (S.) 1748. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 41 (4): 197. COWAN, C.F. 1984b. Leptosia Hűbner, 1818 (Insecta: Lepidoptera): correction to Opinion 584 and to the Official List. Z.N. (S.) 1324. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 41 (4): 259. *COWAN P.J., OTTO, H.H.H. & COWAN, E.M. 2017. An aberrant Junonia hierta (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae) in northern Oman. Metamorphosis 28: 54. *CRAMER, P. [1775-1776]. De Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waereld-deelen Asia, Africa en America. Amsteldam & Utrecht. 1: [vi], xxx, 16 pp., 155 pp. [#book] *CRAMER, P. [1777]. De Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waereld-deelen Asia, Africa en America. Amsteldam & Utrecht. 2: 151 pp. [#book] *CRAMER, P. [1779-1780]. De Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waereld-deelen Asia, Africa en America. Amsteldam & Utrecht. 3: 176 pp. [#book] *CRAMER, P. [1780]. De Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waereld-deelen Asia, Africa en America. Amsteldam & Utrecht. 4 [part]: pp. 1-28. [Volume 4 completed by Stoll, C.]. [#book] CRESSON, E.T. 1937. Zoological results of the George Vanderbilt African expedition of 1934. Part VIII: Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 89: 369-383. CRIPPS, C. 1947. Scent perception in some African myrmecophilous Lycaenidae. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (A) 22: 42-43. [Lepidochrysops]

50 CRIPPS, C., & JACKSON, T.H.E. 1940. The life history of Lachnocnema bibulus (Fab.) in Kenya (Lepidopt., Lycaenidae), with a note on the larval gland by Dr H. Eltringham, FRS. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 90: 449-453. *CROSSKEY, R.W., & WHITE, G.B. 1977. The Afrotropical Region – a recommended term in zoogeography. Journal of Natural History 11: 541-544. *CROUS, C.J., PRYKE, J.S. & SAMWAYS, M.J. 2015. Conserving a geographically isolated Charaxes butterfly in response to habitat fragmentation and invasive alien plants. Koedoe 57(1), Art. #1297, 9 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe. v57i1.1297 *CROUS, C.J., SAMWAYS, M.J. & PRYKE, J.S. 2013. Exploring the mesofilter as a novel operational scale in conservation planning. Journal of Applied Ecology 50(1): 205-214. Abstract: Increased emphasis is being placed on developing effective biodiversity conservation tools for practical conservation planning. The mesofilter is such a biodiversity planning tool, but has yet to be fully explored to appreciate its effectiveness. The key premise of the mesofilter is that ecosystems contain certain physical elements that are specifically associated with a diversity of species. Identifying such mesofilters could therefore complement existing conservation planning tools such as coarse and fine filters. To explore the value of the mesofilter as an operational scale in conservation planning, we studied 18 remnant patches of endangered montane grassland in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, using the physical landscape feature of patch rockiness as an abiotic surrogate for biodiversity. The objective was to determine whether the mesofilter of rockiness can predict variation in species richness and composition for three dominant grassland taxa (plants, butterflies and grasshoppers) at the landscape scale. Variable levels of rockiness had significant interactions with all three focal taxa. Higher species richness of all taxa was closely associated with higher levels of rockiness in a patch. The rocky mesofilter only predicted significant differences in species composition for butterflies. Elevation was also important, possibly another mesofilter for plants and grasshoppers in this landscape. Synthesis and applications. The results indicate that the use of an abiotic surrogate such as rockiness can predict biodiversity value across multiple taxa. The mesofilter is therefore a valuable surrogacy and congruency tool for practical biodiversity conservation across this landscape and would likely have similar value if explored elsewhere. It also has value in the design and management of protected areas. *CROUS, C.J., SAMWAYS, M.J. & PRYKE, J.S. 2014. Rockiness determines meso-scale conservation of butterflies in Afro-montane grassland. Journal of Insect Conservation 18 (1): 77-83. *CROWLEY, P. 1887. Description of a new species of Synchloe from Kilimanjaro. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1887: 35. *CROWLEY, P. 1890. On some new species of African duirnal lepidoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1890: 551-556. CUNNINGHAM-VAN SOMEREN, G.R. 1971. Note on two forms of Papilio dardanus Brown. Lepidoptera, Papilionidae. Bulletin of the East Africa Natural History Society 1971 (March): 36. CUNNINGHAM-VAN SOMEREN, G.R. 1972. Massive butterfly migration. Bulletin of the East Africa Natural History Society 1972 (May): 80-81. CUNNINGHAM-VAN SOMEREN, G.R. 1975. A natural hybrid between Papilio dardanus x P. phorcas. Bulletin of the East Africa Natural History Society 1975 (Jun-Jul): 67. *CURLE, A. 1984. Some personal observations. Metamorphosis 1 (4): 4-5. *CURLE, A. 1987. Paradise found. Metamorphosis 1 (18): 5-6. *CURLE, A. 2009. Letter to the Editor. Metamorphosis 20 (1): 6-7. *CURLE, A. [I.] 2002. A recent observation in the Eastern Cape Province leads to a new hypothesis regarding the possible mimicry of Papilio demodocus by Aeropetes tulbaghia and the presence of two newly discovered species of Lepidoptera in the same habitat. Metamorphosis 13 (2): 51-57. *CURLE, A.I., & CURLE, N.I. 1995. An investigation into the Pseudonympha varii species complex (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) in South Africa. Metamorphosis 6 (4): 183-190. *CURLE, A.I., & CURLE, N.I. 2001. A description of two possible hybrid specimens of the genus Charaxes taken in the Vumba Mountains of Eastern Zimbabwe. Metamorphosis 12 (1): 14- 19. *CURLE, A.[I.], & CURLE, N.[I.] 2004a. A description of a single male specimen of Charaxes assumed to be a hybrid of Charaxes brutus natalensis Staudinger, 1886 and Charaxes

51 druceanus druceanus Butler, 1869 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Metamorphosis 15 (4): 165- 169. *CURLE, A.[I.], & CURLE, N.[I.] 2004b. A brief summary of the southerly movement of Appias sabina phoebe Butler, 1901 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Metamorphosis 15 (4): 170-175. *CURLE, A.I. & FICQ, H.C. 2009. The plot thickens – Chrysoritis dicksoni (Gabriel, 1947): Some recent field observations. Metamorphosis 20 (3): 108-114. *CURLE, A.I., & HENNING, G.A. 1996. Observations on apparent vertebrate predator damage in the genus Dingana (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Metamorphosis 7 (1): 24-26. [Dingana jerinae] *CURLE, N.I. 1995. Two "tenderfeet" head north to Pomene, Mozambique 10-14 May 1995. Metamorphosis 6 (3): 128-130. CURTIS, J. 1824. British Entomology 1: [ii], 48 plates. London. CYRILLI, D. 1787. Entomologiae Neopolitanae specimen primum. Neopoli. [ii], [ii], [ii], [xiv]. D’ABRERA, B. L. 1980. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Lansdowne Editions, Melbourne: xx, 593 pp. [Lepidochrysops chala Kielland, 1980] [#book] D’ABRERA, B. L. 1982. Addenda & corrigenda to Butterflies of the Afrotropical region. Lansdowne Editions, Melbourne: [4] pp. [#book] D’ABRERA, B. 1997. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Part1: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Acraeidae, Danaidae, Satyridae. New and revised edition. Hill House Publishers, Melbourne and London. 1997: i-xxiv, 1-263. [#book] D’ABRERA, B. 2004. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Part1: Nymphalidae, Libytheidae. New and revised edition. Hill House Publishers, Melbourne and London. 2004: 264-530. [#book] D’ABRERA, B. 2009. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Part111: Lycaenidae, Riodinidae. New and revised edition. Hill House Publishers, Melbourne and London. 2009: i-xxvi, 531- 880. [#book] DAFNI, A., & BERNHARDT, P. 1990. Pollination of terrestrial orchids of southern Australia and the Mediterranean region. Systematic, ecological, and evolutionary implications. Evolutionary Biology (New York) 24: 193-252. (Mention is also made of the Afrotropical Region in this publication). DALL’ASTA, U. 1981. L’etude des papillons africains. Africa-Tervuren 27 (2): 55-56. [Collection housed at Tervuren, Belgium] DALL’ASTA, U., HECQ, J., & LARSEN, T.B. 1994. L’emploi de papillons de jour (Insectes: Rhopalocera & Grypocera) comme ‘espèces monitrices’ et ‘espèces indicatrices’ dans le project de rehabilitation des fôrets dans l’Est de la Côte d’Ivoire. Rapport Lepidoptera, nr. 1. Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale (conference paper). 47pp. DALL’ASTA, U. & TURLIN, B. 2009. Lepidopteres (Papillons de jour et Papillons de nuit). In: LOUETTE, M., MEIRTE, D. & JOCQUE, R. [eds]. Faune Terrestre de l’Archipel des Comoros. Studies in Afrotropical Zoology, No. 293. MRAC, Tervuren, Belgium. DALMAN, J.W. 1816. Forsok till systematisk Uppstallning af Sveeriges Fjarillar. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 1816: 48-101. DARGE, P. 1968. Description d’une forme nouvelle de Colias electo L.: Colias electo manengoubensis subsp. nov. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Mulhouse 1968: 15-16. DARGE, P. 1973. Notes sur quelques Charaxes de la faune camerounaise (Lépidoptères Nymphalidae Charaxidinae). Annales de la Faculté des Sciences du Cameroun 15-16: 25-26. DARGE, P. 1974 [1975a]. Note sur les Euphaedra du groupe luperca volant en République Unie du Cameroun (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Annales de la Faculté des Sciences. Université Fédérale du Cameroun No. 18: 71-77. DARGE, P. 1975b. Note sur Charaxes hildebrandti katangensis Talbot. Lambillionea 75: 86-88. DARGE, P. 1977a. Une sous-espèce nouvelle de Charaxes taverniersi Berger originaire de République Unie du Cameroun. Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental de l’Afrique Noire (A) 38

52 (3): 673-676. [C. taverniersi evoei, Cameroon] DARGE, P. 1977b. Un nouveau Charaxes orophile de République Unie de Cameroun: Charaxes druceanus nebularum, n. subsp. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Mulhouse 1977 (Jan-Mar): 9-12. DARGE, P. 1978. Un nouveau Charaxes de République Unie du Cameroun. (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 83 (3-4): 65-67. DARGE, P. 1979. Note sur la presence et la repartition en Republique Unie du Cameroun de Charaxes boueti Feisth. et de Charaxes nichetes Grose Smith (lepidopteres Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Nat No. 23: 2-4. DARGE, P. 1983. Le Genre Charaxes Ochs (Lepidoptera Charaxidae Doherty). Faune de la Republique Unie du Cameroon 1: 1-136. DARGE, P. 1985a. La variation géographique de Cymothoe lucasi Doumet, avec description de deux nouvelles sous-espèces (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 85 (11-12): 119-122. DARGE, P. 1985b. Speciation, polymorphisme et convergence des formes chez quelques Charaxes d’Afrique centrale, avec description de Charaxes matakall, nouvelle espèce du Congo et Zaire. Bulletin de la Société Sciences des Naturelles No. 47: 9-15. DARGE, P. 1985c. Un Charaxes indo-australien capture au Cameroun. Bulletin de la Société Sciences des Naturelles No. 47: 16. DARGE, P. 1994. Note sur Graphium nigrescens Eimer, avec description de la femelle de cette espece (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Lambillionea 94 (1) (Tome I): 29-30. DARGE, P. 1995. Contribution a l'etude de la biodiversite entomologique des forets tropicales humides: les lepidopteres du Mont Kala (Cameroun). (Introduction et Papilionidae). Lambillionea 95 (2) (Tome II): 281-288. DARGE, P. 2006. Une sous-espece nouvelle de Cymothoe cottrelli Rydon, 1980, originaire des Monts Livingstone en Tanzanie (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitinae [Limenitidinae]). Entomologia Africana 11 (2): 5-6. [Cymothoe cottrelli livingstonensis subsp. nov., Livingstone Mountains, Tanzania] DARGE, P. 2011. Nouvelles donnees sur les charaxes de l'ile de Pemba (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae). Saturnafrica 2011 Aout: 11-12. ABSTRACT: New data on the Charaxes of Pemba Island (Tanzania, Zanzibar), with description of a new subspecies of Charaxes lasti Grose-Smith, 1889. [Charaxes lasti aromatisinsulae, p.12] DARGE, P., & MINING, A. 1984. Description de nouveaux Charaxes du groupe etheocles du Congo (Lepidoptera Charaxidae). Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles No. 44: 7- 10. DARLINGTON, J. 1984. Migrating butterflies. EANHS Bulletin 1984: 13. [; Kenya] DARLOW, H.M. 1949a. Observations on the genus Euphaedra Hubn. (Lep. Rhop.) in Sierra Leone. Entomologist 82: 193-200. *DARLOW, H.M. 1949b. Observations on the life histories of certain butterflies of Freetown, Sierra Leone. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 61: 126-129. [Bicyclus vulgaris, Charaxes boueti, Acraea zetes, A. neobule, Papilio demodocus, Graphium angolanus, Platylesches picanini, ] DARWIN, C. 1863. On the fertilisation of Disa grandifloria, Linn. Journal of the Linnean Society, London (Botany) 7: 144-147. [includes inputs from Roland Trimen on the role of butterflies]. DAVENPORT, T.[R.B.] 1996. The butterflies of Uganda – an annotated checklist. Forest Department, Kampala. 48pp. (Computer printout). *DAVENPORT, T.R.B. 2003. Endemic butterflies of the Albertine Rift – an annotated checklist. Unpublished PDF, 14 pp. *DAVENPORT, T. & HOWARD, P. (EDS.) 1996. Semliki National Park. Biodiversity Report. Forest Department, P.O. Box 1752, Kampala, Uganda, i-vii, 108pp. DAVENPORT, T.R.B., & PLUMPTRE, A.J. 2003. Butterflies. Albertine Rift Technical Reports Series 3: 54-62. [annotated list of endemic species of the Albertine Rift Valley]

53 DAVIDSON, N.C. 1975. Lepidoptera: 2 butterflies. Report Aberdeen Univ. Ghana Exped. Mole natn. Park 1975: 101. [Ghana, faunal list, Mole National Park] *DAVIES, P.M.H., & BARNES, M.J.C. 1991. The butterflies of Mauritius. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 30 (3-4): 145-161. DAVIS, F.R. 2009. Papilio dardanus: the natural animal from the experimentalist’s point of view. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 99 (1): 221-242. [Literature review; historical review; mutation; evolution; mimicry] *DAVIS, J.M.P., VAN HEERWAARDEN, B., SGRO, C.M., DONALD, J.A. & KEMP, D.J. 2014. Low genetic variation in cold tolerance linked to species distributions in butterflies. Evolutionary Ecology 28: 495-504. [Eurema hecabe] DE FOURCROY, A.F. 1775. Entomologia parisiensis 2: [i-ii], [233]-544. Paris. DE FREINA, J.J. 2008. Eine neue Futterpflanze von Graphium angolanus (Goeze, 1779) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae, Leptocircini). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo 29 (3): 169. [Frisodielsia obovata; Caprivi Region, Namibia] DE FREINA, J. 2011. Beitrag zur Lepidopterenfauna der Insel Mauritius. Atalanta (Marktleuthen) 42 (1-4): 111-115. [Cacyreus darius: New record] *DEIKUMAH, J.P., MCALPINE, C.A. & MARON, M. 2014. Biogeographical and taxonomic biases in tropical forest fragmentation research. Conservation Biology 28 (6): 1522-1531. *DEJEAN, A., AZÉMAR, F., LIBERT, M., COMPIN, A., HÉRAULT, B., ORIVEL, J., BOUYER, T. & CORBARA, B. 2016. Ant-lepidopteran associations along African forest edges. The Science of Nature 104: 7 (14pp). DOI: 10.1007/s00114-016-1424-6 *DEJEAN, A., & BEUGNON, G. 1996. Host-ant trail following by myrmecophilous larvae of Liphyrinae (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Oecologia (Heidelberg) 106 (1): 57-62. [Euliphyra mirifica; Euliphyra leucyana; Oecophylla longinoda] DE JOANNIS, J. 1893. Trois macrolépidoptèrologique nouveaux des iles Seychelles. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 62: 50-53. DE JOANNIS, J. 1894. Mission scientifique de Ch. Alluaud aux iles Seychelles. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 63: 425-438. DE JOANNIS, J., & VERITY, R. 1913. Materiali per lo studio della fauna Eritrea raccolti nei 1901-03 dal Dott. A. Andreini tenente medico principalmente nelle regioni circostanti ad Adi-Ugri ed ad Adi-Caiè. Lépidoptères Rhopalocera. Bollettino della Societè Entomologica Italiana 44: 115-122. *DE JONG, M.A., COLLINS, S., BELDADE, P., BRAKEFIELD, P.M. & ZWAAN, B.J. 2013. Footprints of selection in wild populations of Bicyclus anynana along a latitudinal cline. Molecular Ecology 22(2): 341-353. Abstract: One of the major questions in ecology and evolutionary biology is how variation in the genome enables species to adapt to divergent environments. Here, we study footprints of thermal selection in candidate genes in six wild populations of the afrotropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana sampled along a c. 3000 km latitudinal cline. We sequenced coding regions of 31 selected genes with known functions in metabolism, pigment production, development and heat shock responses. These include genes for which we expect a priori a role in thermal adaptation and, thus, varying selection pressures along a latitudinal cline, and genes we do not expect to vary clinally and can be used as controls. We identified amino acid substitution polymorphisms in 13 genes and tested these for clinal variation by correlation analysis of allele frequencies with latitude. In addition, we used two FST-based outlier methods to identify loci with higher population differentiation than expected under neutral evolution, while accounting for potentially confounding effects of population structure and demographic history. Two metabolic enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, UGP and Treh, showed clinal variation. The same loci showed elevated population differentiation and were identified as significant outliers. We found no evidence of clines in the pigmentation genes, heat shock proteins and developmental genes. However, we identified outlier loci in more localized parts of the range in the pigmentation genes yellow and black. We discuss that the observed clinal variation and elevated population divergence in UGP and Treh may reflect adaptation to a geographic thermal gradient. *DE JONG, R. & COUTSIS, J.G. 2017. A re-appraisal of Gegenes Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) based on male and female genitalia, with the description of a new genus, Afrogegenes. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 160: 41-60. *DE JONG, M.A., WAHLBERG, N., VAN EIJK, M., BRAKEFIELD, P.M. & ZWAAN, B.J. 2011. Mitochondrial DNA signature for range-wide populations of Bicyclus anynana

54 suggests a rapid expansion from recent refugia. PLoS ONE 6 (6): e21385, 1-5. Abstract: This study investigates the genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history of the afrotropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Samples from six wild populations covering most of the species range from Uganda to South Africa were compared for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit gene (COI). Molecular diversity indices show overall high mtDNA diversity for the populations, but low nucleotide divergence between haplotypes. Our results indicate relatively little geographic population structure among the southern populations, especially given the extensive distributional range and an expectation of limited gene flow between populations. We implemented neutrality tests to assess signatures of recent historical demographic events. Tajima’s D test and Fu’s FS test both suggested recent population growth for the populations. The results were only significant for the southernmost populations when applying Tajima’s D, but Fu’s FS indicated significant deviations from neutrality for all populations except the one closest to the equator. Based on our own findings and those from pollen and vegetation studies, we hypothesize that the species range of B. anynana was reduced to equatorial refugia during the last glacial period, and that the species expanded southwards during the past 10,000 years. These results provide crucial background information for studies of phenotypic and molecular adaptation in wild populations of B. anynana. DE JONG, R. 1976a. Affinities between the west Palaearctic and Ethiopian butterfly faunas. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 119 (6): 165-215. DE JONG, R. 1976b. Two new species of Hesperiidae from western Kenya (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Zoologische Mededeelingen, Leiden 49 (24): 299-306. DE JONG, R. 1977. Problems about Spiala ploetzi (Aurivillius) (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Entomologische Berichten (Amsterdam) 37 (3): 41-44. [Spialia ploetzi occidentalis subsp. nov.] DE JONG, R. 1978. Monograph of the genus Spialia Swinhoe (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 121 (3): 23-146. DE JONG, R. 1982. Secondary sexual characters in Celaenorrhinus and the delimitation of the genus (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Journal of Natural History 16 (5): 695-705. DE JONG, R. 1986. Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the chiefly afromontane genus Chondrolepis Mabille (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) No. 231: 1-40. *DE JONG, R. 2017. A new species of Zophopetes Mabille, 1904 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Cameroon. Metamorphosis 28: 11-15. DE JONG, R., & CONGDON, T.C.E. 1993. The montane butterflies of the eastern Afrotropics. In: LOVETT, J.C., & WASSER, S.K. [Eds]. Biogeography and Ecology of the Rain Forests of Eastern Africa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England: i-ix, 1-341. Chapter pagination: 133-172. [@chap] *DE JONG, R. & COUTSIS, J.G. 2017. A re-appraisal of Gegenes Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) based on male and female genitalia, with the description of a new genus, Afrogegenes. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 160: 41–60. DE JONG, R., & KIELLAND, J. 1983. A new Metisella species from the montane forests of southern Tanzania (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Entomologische Berichten (Amsterdam) 43 (11): 169-172. DE JONG, R., & VAN DORP, K. 2006. The African copper connection. Entomologische Berichten Amsterdam 66 (4): 124-129. [Lycaena phlaeus, Lycaena orus, Lycaena clarki] *DE KOCK, J.T. 1991. An annotated checklist of the Charaxes of Eshowe. Metamorphosis 2 (4): 23-24. *DE KOCK, J.T. 1992. Female forms and variations of Charaxes ethalion ethalion Boisduval caught at Eshowe. Metamorphosis 3 (1): 17. DE LESSE, H. 1948. Nouvelle note sur Gegenes pumilio Hffsgg. Rev. Franc. Lepid. 11: 229-230. DE LESSE, H. 1951. Divisions génériques et subgénériques des anciens genres Satyrus et Eumenis (sensu lato). Revue Français de Lépidoptorologie. Paris 13: 39-42. DE LESSE, H. 1952. Note sur les genres Precis Hb. et Junonia Hb. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 57: 74-77. DE LESSE, H. 1966. Formules chromosomiques de quelques Lépidoptères Rhopalocères d’Afrique centrale. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N.S.) 11: 348-353. DE LESSE, H. 1968. Formules chromosomiques de Rhopalocères d’Est-Afrique. Annales de la

55 Société Entomologique de France (N.S.) 14: 581-599. DE LESSE, H. 1972. Nombres de chromosomes de quelques Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres de Madagascar. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 77 (1-2): 9-11. DE NICEVILLE, L. 1890. The butterflies of India, Burmah and Ceylon 3: xii, 1-503. Calcutta. DE OLANO, I., & MARCOS, J.M. 1994. Lepidopteros Papilionoidea de Guinea Ecuatorial y sus islas. Estudios del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Alava 8: 137-169. DESCAMPS, M. 1956. Insectes nuisibles au riz dans le Nord Cameroun. Agronomie tropicale, 11(6), 732–755. DE TOULGOET, H. 1957. Une nouvelle sous-espèce d’Euphaedra en Guinée Française (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de l’Institut Française d’Afrique Noire (A) 19: 870-874. DE VOS, J. 1917. Description d’un Telipna nouveau du Congo. Revue Zoologique Africaine 6: 62- 64. DE VRIES, P.J. 2002. Differential wing toughness in distasteful and palatable butterflies: Direct evidence supports unpalatable theory. Biotropica 34 (1): 176-181. [Acraea insignis; Acraea johnstoni; Amauris niavius; Bicyclus safitza; Junonia terea; Tanzania; Usambara Mountains]. DE VRIES, P.J. 2003. Tough African models and weak mimics: New horizons in the evolution of bad taste. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 57 (3): 235-238. [Amauris albimaculata; Cymothoe herminia; Pseudacraea lucretia; Uganda; Kibale Forest] DE WET, J. 1987. Die bewaring van die skoenlappers van die genus Charaxes en van Erikssonia acraeina in die Transvaal. Proceedings of the First Lepidoptera Symposium, Roodepoort, South Africa, 8th August, 1987: 8-11. *DE WET, J.I. 1995. The management of the butterfly Erikssonia acraeina Trimen, 1891 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in the Waterberg. Metamorphosis 6 (3): 146-148. DEKEYSER, P., & VILLIERS, A. 1954. Essai sur le peuplement zoologique terretre de l’ouest africain. Bull. Inst. Franc. Afr. Noire 16: 957-970. [Biogeography of West Africa] DELVI, M.R. 1983. Dietary water balance in a tropical insect. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Animal Sciences 92 (2): 135-145. [Danaus chrysippus] DEMAISON, L. 1888. [No title]. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France (6) 8: 65-67. DEMUS, H.R. 1973. Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Region de Bamako. Bulletin de l’Association de Naturalistes de No. 4: 64-70. [Mali] DENING, R.C. 1979. Checklist of the Zambian butterflies. Unpublished manuscript, deposited in the Library of the Natural History Museum, London. [10 pp.]. *DENING, R.C. 1983. Early stages of the African nymphalid Neptidopsis fulgurata platyptera Rothschild and . Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 95 (7-8): 155-156. *DENING, R.C. 1995. The genus Abantis (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae): some additional Central African records. Entomologists' Record and Journal of Variation 107 (5-6): 143-145. DENIS, J.N.C.M., & SCHIFFERMULLER, I. 1775. Ankündung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wiener Gegend. Vienna. [iv], 322 pp. DENSO, E. 1943. Einzeldarstellungen zu madagassichen Schmetterlingen. Deut. Ent. Ztg. 57: 102- 128. [Early stages of Pharmacophagus antenor] DEROCHETTE, L. 1994. Chasses aux papillons au Cameroun. Revue Vervietoise d'Histoire Naturelle 1994: 63-68. DESCAMPS, M. 1956. Insectes nuisibles au riz dans le Nord Cameroun. Agronomie tropicale, 11(6), 732–755. DESCARPENTRIES, A., & VILLIERS, A. 1966. Contribution à la faune du Congo (Brazzaville) Mission A. Villiers et A. Descarpentries XVII. Lépidoptères Papilionidae. Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 28: 851-855. DESEGAULX-DE-NOLET, A. 1981a. L’elevage integral des lépidoptères en zone tropicale cyclonique ile de la Réunion. Info-Nature, Ile de la Réunion No. 18: 65-73. DESEGAULX-DE-NOLET, A. 1981b. Salamis augustina Boisduval infeode a Obetia ficifolia.

56 Info-Nature, Ile de la Réunion No. 18: 75-82. DESEGAULX-DE-NOLET, A. 1982a. Breeding butterflies in the tropical cyclone zone, Island of Reunion. Exotic Entomology Group Newsletter 1982 (2): 32-40. DESEGAULX-DE-NOLET, A. 1982b. Entomofaune des iles de l’Océan Indien zone sud-ouest. Lépidoptères. Info-Nature, Ile de la Réunion No. 19: 15-117. [Reunion Island] DEUTSCHLANDER, M.S., & BREDENKAMP, G.J. 1999. Importance of vegetation analysis in the conservation management of the endangered butterfly Aloeides dentatis dentatis (Swierstra) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Koedoe 42 (2): 1-12. DEWHURST, C.F. 1987. Butterfly migration. East African Natural History Society Bulletin 17 (2): 17-18. [Andronymus neander; Coeliades anchises; Kenya] DEWITZ, H. 1879. Afrikanische Tagschmetterlinge. Nova Acta Academiae Caesarea Leopoldina- Carolinae Germanicum Naturae Curiousorum 41 (2): 173-212. DEWITZ, H. 1881. Zwei neue westafrikanische Papilionen. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 25: 286. DEWITZ, H. 1884a. Charaxes hamatus n. sp. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 10: 285-286. DEWITZ, H. 1884b. Drei neue westafrikansche Tagschmetterlinge. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 28: 187-188. DEWITZ, H. 1885. Papilio cypraeafila Butl. var. nov. mechowiana Dwtz. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 11: 305-306. DEWITZ, H. 1887a. Ein neuer cetralafrikanisher Nymphalide. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 13: 145-146. DEWITZ, H. 1887b. Westafrikanische Tagschmetterlinge. Nova Acta Academiae Caesarea Leopoldina-Carolinae Germanicum Naturae Curiousorum 50: 365-372. DEWITZ, H. 1887c. Von Herrn Dr. Pogge in Mukenge (Central-Afrika) und Umgegend gesammelte Rhopalocera. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 30: 301-302. DEWITZ, H. 1887d. Neue westafrikansche Tagschmetterlinge. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 30: 427-430. DEWITZ, H. 1889. West-und Cetralafrikanisher Tagschmetterlinge. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 15: 101-110. *DEXTER, R.W. 1981. A.S. Packard on a former connection between Brazil and Africa based upon his study of Lepidoptera. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 35 (4): 321. DHUNGEL, B. & OTAKI, J.M. 2009. Local pharmacological effects of tungstate on the color- pattern determination of butterfly wings: a possible relationship between the eyespot and parafocal element. Zoological Science (Tokyo) 26 (11): 758-764. [Junonia orithya] DICKSON, C.G.C. 1940. Notes on the early stages of Phasis felthami Trim., a lycaenid butterfly from the Cape Peninsula, and a list of some recently determined food-plants of some other South African butterflies. Annals of the South African Museum 32 (6): 545-554. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1943. The life-history of Phasis chrysaor (Trim.) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 6: 37-47. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1944a. The life-history of Cupido thespis L. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 7: 20-29. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1944b. Recently-observed food-plants of some Cape lepidopterous larvae. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 7: 96-99. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1945a. The life history of Phasis palmus Cram. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 8: 99-110. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1945b. Recently observed food-plants of some Cape lepidopterous larvae (2nd Series). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 8: 150-153. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1946. The life-history of Phasis thysbe L. var. nigricans Aur. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 9: 178-192. DICKSON, C.G.C. 1947a. Pairing of clytus L. with D. mintha Geyer (Lep.: Satyridae).

57 Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 10: 126. DICKSON, C.G.C. 1947b. Recently observed food-plants of some Cape lepidopterous larvae (3rd Series). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 10: 126-130. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1948. The life-history of Phasis pyroeis Trim. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 11: 50-62. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1949a. The life-history of Charaxes pelias pelias Cram. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 12: 109-117. DICKSON, C.G.C. 1949b. The larva and pupa of Pseudonympha trimenii Butl. (Lep.: Satyridae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 12: 173-174. DICKSON, C.G.C. 1950. Supplementary note on the distribution of Charaxes pelias (Cram.) (Lep.: Nymphalidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of southern Africa 13: 106. DICKSON, C.G.C. 1951. Supplementary note on the distribution of Phasis pyroeis (Trim.) (Lep.: Lycaenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of southern Africa 14: 200. [Chrysoritis pyroeis] DICKSON, C.G.C. 1952. The life history of Phasis zeuxo zeuxo (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of southern Africa 33: 447-456. [Chrysoritis zeuxo] *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1953a. Recently observed food-plants of some Cape lepidopterous larvae (4th Series). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 16: 73-76. DICKSON, C.G.C. 1953b. Note on Vanessa cardui (L.) (Lep.: Nymphalidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of southern Africa 16: 78. [Migration in the Cape Province, South Africa] DICKSON, C.G.C. 1954. Note on ovipositing of Thestor basutus (Wllg.) (Lep.: Lycaenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 17: 140. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1955. On the association of Lepidochrysops patricia (Trim.) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with ants. Journal of the Entomological Society of southern Africa 18: 48-49. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1956. The occurrence of Syntarucus jeanneli Stempffer (Lep.: Lycaenidae) in Natal and the Cape Province. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 19: 357. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1959. Notes on the early stages of Poecilmitis brooksi Riley (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 22: 312-315. DICKSON, C.G.C. 1962. Alternative foodplants of Charaxes pelias (Cram.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 25 (2): 332. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1964b. Obituary. Gowan C. Clark. Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 76: 173-174. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1965a. Recently observed food-plants of some South African lepidopterous larvae. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 28 (1): 11-20. DICKSON, C.G.C. 1965b. A note on Lachnocnema bibulus (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 77: 112. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1965c A new species of Poecilmitis Butler from the western Cape Province. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 27: 160-162. DICKSON, C.G.C. 1965d. Observations on some Natal butterflies. Durban Museum Novitates 8: 19-23. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1966a. A new subspecies of Pseudonympha trimenii Butler (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) from the Eastern Cape Province. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 78: 85-87. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1966b. A new species of Poecilmitis Butler from the Great Karoo. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 78: 109-110. DICKSON, C.G.C. 1966c. A Cape coastal Poecilmitis Butler previously unknown. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 78: 181-182. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1966d. A new species of Lepidochrysops Hedicke (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the Western Cape Province. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 78: 189-

58 192. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1966e. Revisional notes on the Cape Lycaenid Poecilmitis brooksi Riley, with the description of a recently-recognised race of this species. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 78: 217-219. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1966f. A recently-discovered Poecilmitis Butler from the Western Cape. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 78: 241-243. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1966g. A new subspecies of Pseudonympha trimenii Butler (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) from the Great Karoo. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 78: 273- 275. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1967a. A new subspecies of the Cape Lycaenid Poecilmitis felthami (Trimen). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 79: 65-66. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1967b. Two new subspecies of Pseudonympha southeyi (Pennington) (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) from the Western Cape Province. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 79: 93-96. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1967c. Observations on the Cape Lycaenid Phasis malagrida (Wallengren), with the description of a new race. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 79: 123- 125. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1967d. Notes on the Cape satyrid butterfly Torynesis mintha (Geyer) with a description of a new race. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 79: 160-162. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1967e. Some comments on the Phasis wallengrenii (Trimen) group, with a description of a new species. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 79: 267-270. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1968a. A further new species of the Phasis wallengrenii (Trimen) complex. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 80: 89-92. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1968b. Some observations on the Phasis thero (L.) group with a description of a new species. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 80: 267-268. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1969a. A new species of Lepidochrysops Hedicke(Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the North Western Cape. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 81: 97-100. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1969b. A new species of Tarsocera Butler (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) from the Cape Province. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 81: 153-155. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1969c. Descriptions of the neallotypes of two Cape Poecilmitis Butler (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 81: 185-187. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1969d. An additional new member of the Phasis wallengrenii (Trimen) group. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 81: 285-286. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1969e. On the status of Phasis sardonyx ab. peringueyi Aurivillius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), and the selection of a neallotype female. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 81: 313-315. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1970a. A new race of the Poecilmitis thysbe (L.) group from the Roggeveld Mountains. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 82: 93-95. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1970b. A new race of Poecilmitis pyroeis Trimen from the Eastern Cape Province. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 82: 157-159. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1971a. A further new member of the Poecilmitis thysbe (L.) group from the Roggeveld Mountains. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 83: 1-2. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1971b. A further new species of Thestor Hübner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the Western Cape. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 83: 155-159. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1972a. Observations on and a description of a race of Thestor basutus (Wallengren) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 84: 253-256. DICKSON, C.G.C. 1972b. What Butterfly is that? Purnell & Sons, Cape Town. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1973a. A new race of hintza (Trimen) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from south west Africa. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 85 (6): 137-139.

59 *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1973b. A new species of Torynesis Butler (Lepidoptera: Satyridae), with observations on some related taxa. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 85 (12): 284-288. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1974a. A new of the Lepidochrysops ortygia (Trimen) group (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from south western Cape. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 86 (13): 65-68. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1974b. Obituary K.M. Pennington (1897-1974). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 37 (2): 421-422. DICKSON, C.G.C. 1974c. The wealth of butterfly life in the Cape. U.C.T. 12: 9-12. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1975. Three new Poecilmitis Butler (Lep: Lycaenidae) from the South Western Cape. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 87 (9): 225-231. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1976. Six new southern African butterflies. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 88 (11): 273-280, 88 (12): 307-314. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1977. A new species of the Phasis thero (L.) group (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the Roggeveld Escarpment. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 89 (12): 317-319. [Phasis pringlei; Province, South Africa] *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1978a. Note on an apparently new species of Colotis Hűbner (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) from South West Africa. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 90 (6): 185-186. [Not formally described or named] *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1978b. Two new Poecilmitis Butler (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the Hantam’s Berg, Western Cape Province. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 90 (11): 293-296. DICKSON, C.G.C. 1978c. Designation of type material of Charaxes manica Trimen (1894). In: DICKSON, C.G.C., & KROON, D.M. [Eds]. Pennington’s butterflies of southern Africa. A.D. Donker, Johannesburg: 1-670. Chapter pagination: 65-66. DICKSON, C.G.C. 1978d. List of southern African lycaenid subfamilies and genera, in approximate systematic sequence. In: DICKSON, C.G.C., & KROON, D.M. [Eds]. Pennington’s butterflies of southern Africa. A.D. Donker, Johannesburg: 1-670. Chapter pagination: 162. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1979. Six further new butterflies from southern Africa. (Continued in Volume 92, p. 1). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 91 (11-12): 300-302. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1980a. Six further new butterflies from southern Africa. (Continued from Volume 91, p. 302 and continued in Volume 92, p. 38). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 92 (1): 1-6. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1980b. Six further new butterflies from southern Africa. (Concluded from Volume 92, p. 6). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 92 (2): 38-44. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1981. Four new South African butterflies. (Continued in Volume 94, p. 32). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 93 (11-12): 219-221. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1982a. Four new South African butterflies. (Continued from Volume 93, p. 221). Lycaenidae. A new Lepidochrysops Hedicke from the Hantam’s Berg C.P. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 94 (1-2): 32-35. [Lepidochrysops jamesi claassensi] *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1982b. Four new South African butterflies. (Concluded from Volume 94, p. 35). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 94 (3-4): 41-44. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1982c. Three new Lycaenid butterflies from the south western Cape Province. (Continued in Volume 95, p. 1). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 94 (11-12): 222-224. [Lepidochrysops pringlei, L. oreas oreas] *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1983. Three new lycaenid butterflies from the south western Cape Province (Continued from Volume 94, p. 224). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 95 (1- 2): 1-6.

60 *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1985. A new Lepidochrysops Hedicke (Lep.: Lycaenidae) from the south western Cape Province. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 97 (1-2): 1-5. [L. balli, L. braueri, L. pringlei] *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1991. Descriptions of the penultimate and final instar larvae of Durbania saga Trimen, 1883 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 2 (3): 27-28. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1994a. The description of a new subspecies of Poecilmitis thysbe (L.). In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 214-215. *DICKSON, C.G.C. 1994b. A new species of the Poecilmitis thysbe (L.) group from the Eastern Cape. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 215-216. *DICKSON, C.G.C., & HENNING, G.A. 1980. A new species of Poecilmitis Butler (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the Western Cape Province. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 92: 294-297. *DICKSON, C.G.C., & HENNING, W.H. 1980. A new race of Argyrocupha malagrida (Wallengren) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the western Cape Province. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 92 (11-12): 297-300. DICKSON, C.G.C., & KROON, D. [Eds] 1978. Pennington’s butterflies of southern Africa. A.D. Donker, Johannesburg: 1-670. [#book] *DICKSON, C.G.C., & McMASTER, J.C. 1967. Some observations on Poecilmitis turneri Riley, with a description of a new race. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 79: 209- 211. DICKSON, C.G.C., & SCHOFIELD, T.W. 1958. Observations on the migration of Belenois aurota (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Journal of the Entomological Society of southern Africa 21: 427-428. *DICKSON, C.G.C., & STEPHEN, R.D. 1971a. A new Western Cape species of Thestor Hübner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 83: 131-135. *DICKSON, C.G.C., & STEPHEN, R.D. 1971b. A new race of Myrina silenus (F.) from the Norht Western Cape. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 83: 255-259. *DICKSON, C.G.C., & STEPHEN, R.D. 1975. An additional new race of Argyrocupha malagrida (Wallengren) (Lep.: Lycaenidae). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 87 (5): 129-132. *DICKSON, C.G.C., & WYKEHAM, C.W. 1974 [1975]. A recently discovered race of the Cape lycaenid Phasis thero (L.). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 86 (7-8): 177- 180. *DICKSON, C.G.C. & WYKEHAM, C.W. 1994a. A new race of Thestor protumnus (L.). In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 140-142. *DICKSON, C.G.C. & WYKEHAM, C.W. 1994b. A new species of Thestor Hubner. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 143-145. *DICKSON, C.G.C. & WYKEHAM, C.W. 1994c. A new species of Thestor Hubner. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 148-149. *DICKSON, C.G.C. & WYKEHAM, C.W. 1994d. A description of a new subspecies of Trimenia argyroplaga (Dickson). In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 179-180. *DICKSON, C.G.C. & WYKEHAM, C.W. 1994e. A new species of Chrysoritis (Butler). In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 208-209. *DICKSON, C.G.C. & WYKEHAM, C.W. 1994f. A new species of Lepidochrysops Hedicke. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 250-252. DIEHL, E. 1955 [1954]. Liste des Lépidoptères Rhopalocères rencontrés au Sud de Madagascar et surtout sur le plateau du Sud. Naturaliste Malgache 6 (1-2): 61-70. DIEHL, E. 1962. Beiträg zum Melanismus bei Papilioniden Papilio antenor, Drury f. (n.

61 nov.). Entomologische Zeitschrift. Frankfurt a.M. 72: 24, 109-111. *DIERKS, A., BAUMANN, B. & FISCHER, K. 2012. Response to selection on cold tolerance is constrained by inbreeding. Evolution 66 (8): 2384-2398. Abstract: The evolutionary potential of any given population is of fundamental importance for its longer term prospects. Modern land-use practices often result in small and isolated populations, increasing the risk of extinction through reduced genetic diversity as a consequence of inbreeding or drift. Such genetic erosion may also interfere with a population's evolutionary potential. In this study, we investigate the consequences of inbreeding on evolutionary potential (the ability to increase cold resistance) in a laboratory population of the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana. To explore constraints on evolution, we applied artificial selection to chill-coma recovery time, starting from three levels of inbreeding (outbred control, one or two full-sibling matings). Ten generations of selection produced highly divergent phenotypes, with the lines selected for increased cold tolerance showing about 28% shorter recovery times after cold exposure relative to unselected controls. Correlated responses to selection in 10 different life-history and stress-resistance traits were essentially absent. Inbred lines showed a weaker response to selection, indicating reduced evolutionary potential and thereby constraints on evolution. Inbreeding depression was still measurable in some traits after the course of selection. Traits more closely related to fitness showed a clear fitness rebound, suggesting a trait-specific impact of purging. Our findings have important implications for the longer term survival of small populations in fragmented landscapes. [ Bicyclus anynana.] DIERKS, A., HOFFMANN, B., BAUERFEIND, S.S. & FISCHER, K. 2012. Effects of inbreeding on life history and thermal performance in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Population Ecology 54 (1): 83-90. Abstract: Human-induced loss and fragmentation of natural habitats reduces population size and thereby presumably genetic diversity through inbreeding or genetic drift. Additionally, many species are confronted with increased temperature stress due to climate change, with reduced genetic diversity potentially interfering with a species’ ability to cope with such conditions. While in general the detrimental impact of inbreeding has often been documented, its consequences for the ability to cope with temperature stress are still poorly understood. Against this background we here investigate the effects of inbreeding on egg hatching success, development and temperature stress tolerance in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Specifically we test for an increased sensitivity to environmental stress in inbred individuals. Our results revealed that even comparatively low levels of inbreeding yield negative consequences for reproduction and development under beneficial conditions. Inbreeding also reduced cold tolerance in adult butterflies, while heat tolerance remained unaffected. We therefore conclude that acute stress tolerance may not be generally impaired by inbreeding. DIERKS, A., KOELZOW, N., FRANKE, K. & FISCHER, K. 2012. Does selection on increased cold tolerance in the adult stage confer resistance throughout development? Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25 (8): 1650-1657.Abstract: Artificial selection is a powerful approach to unravel constraints on genetic adaptation. Although it has been frequently used to reveal genetic trade-offs among different fitness- related traits, only a few studies have targeted genetic correlations across developmental stages. Here, we test whether selection on increased cold tolerance in the adult stage increases cold resistance throughout ontogeny in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. We used lines selected for decreased chill-coma recovery time and corresponding controls, which had originally been set up from three levels of inbreeding (outbred control, one or two full-sib matings). Four generations after having terminated selection, a response to selection was found in 1-day-old butterflies (the age at which selection took place). Older adults showed a very similar although weaker response. Nevertheless, cold resistance did not increase in either egg, larval or pupal stage in the selection lines but was even lower compared to control lines for eggs and young larvae. These findings suggest a cost of increased adult cold tolerance, presumably reducing resource availability for offspring provisioning and thereby stress tolerance during development, which may substantially affect evolutionary trajectories. DIKE, M.C. 1988. Kagora Forest conservation study – appendix 14. Other butterflies. International Council for Bird Preservation Study Report No. 28: 77. [Faunal list; Nigeria] *DI MININ, E. & MOILANEN, A. 2012. Empirical evidence for reduced protection levels across biodiversity features from target-based conservation planning. Biological Conservation 153: 187-191. DIRECTION 2. 1954. Additions to the Official Lists and Official Indexes of certain scientific names dealt with in Opinions 161-181. Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 2: 613-628. *DISTANT, W.L. 1874. Description of a new Papilio from Madagascar. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 11: 129-130. *DISTANT, W.L. 1879. On some African species of the lepidopterous genus Papilio. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879: 647-649. *DISTANT, W.L. 1880. On some African species of lepidoptera belonging to the subfamily Nymphalinae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879: 703-709. *DISTANT, W.L. 1882. On some apparently undescribed Rhopalocera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 10: 405-407.

62 *DIXEY, F.A. 1900. On a collection of insects and arachnids made in 1895 and 1897, by Mr. C.V.A. Peel, F.Z.S., in Somaliland, with descriptions of new species. 3. Lepidoptera- Rhopalocera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1900: 10-17. *DIXEY, F.A. 1915. New species and subspecies of Pierinae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1915: 1-15. DIXEY, F.A. 1923. Pseudopontia paradoxa; its affinities, mimetic relations and geographic races. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1922: 61-64. *DIXEY, F.A., BURR, M., & PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE, O. 1898. On a collection of Insects and Arachnids made by Mr. E.N. Bennett in Socotra, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1898: 372-391. DIXON, C.A., ERICKSON, J.M., KELLETT, D.N., & ROTHSCHILD, M. 1978. Some adaptations between Danaus plexippus and its food plant, with notes on Danaus chrysippus and Euploea core (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Journal of Zoology (London) 185 (4): 437-467. *DOBSON, C. 2006. Butterflies of Utopia Resort, North-West Province, South Africa. Metamorphosis 17 (2): 62-69. *DOBSON, J. 2001. A new locality record for Aslauga australis Cottrell (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 12 (2): 49. *DOBSON, J. 2002. Lepsoc., Branch – Graskop trip, 21 to 24 September 2002. Metamorphosis 13 (4): 112-113. *DOBSON, J. 2005a. Butterfly fauna of the Mpenjati Nature Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Metamorphosis 16 (2): 47-52. *DOBSON, J. 2014. Mapping Gauteng – the Gauteng SABCA survey. Babbel Blues Issue 2: 25-32. *DOBSON, J. 2005b. Recent visits to Mariepskop and Zululand. Metamorphosis 16 (3): 72-73. *DOBSON, J., & GARVIE, O. 2005. A report by the Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa on the current status of the South African population of Erikssonia acraeina Trimen, 1891 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 16 (3): 67-71. *DOBSON, J., & WOODHALL, S. 2004. Field trips to Mpaphuli and Gundani (Limpopo Province, Thohoyandou area) 20-22 and 27-29 March 2004. Metamorphosis 15 (2): 66-71. DOGGART, N.H., DOODY, K., HOWELL K. & FANNING, E. 2001. Semdoe Forest Reserve: A biodiversity survey. East Usambara Conservation Area Management Programme Technical Paper No. 42. Forestry and Beekeeping Division & Finnish Forests and Park Service, Dar es Salaam & Vantaa. DOGNIN, P. 1891. Description de lépidoptères nouveau. Naturaliste 13: 132. *DONALDSON, J.S. 1991. Three new species of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from South Africa with notes on Glyptapantales acraeae (Wilkinson). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 54 (1): 29-37. [Acraea horta] DONITZ, W. 1899. Sitzung von 24. November. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 44: (21)-(24). *DONNELLY, F.C. 1993. Lepidoptera of Santa Carolina. Metamorphosis 4 (3): 114-115. *DONNELLY, F.C. 1994a. Importance of foodplants to butterfly larvae including a list of some foodplants utilised by them. Metamorphosis 5 (3): 119-121. *DONNELLY, F.C. 1994b. Butterflies of the Wilderness Lakes area in the southern Cape, South Africa. Metamorphosis 5 (4): 155-158. *DONNELLY, F.C. 1995a. Butterflies and moths of Benguerra Island (24 September - 4 October 1994). Metamorphosis 6 (1): 8-9. *DONNELLY, [F.]C. 1995b. Some butterflies and moths found on Paradise Island: Easter 1993. Metamorphosis 6 (3): 149-150. DONOVAN, E. 1834. The naturalist’s repository 2: 72 plates. London. [Each plate accompanied by a variable number of pages of text]. DONZEL, H. 1842. Description de deux Lépidoptères nouveaux recuilles en Barberio par le Capitaine Charlon. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 2: 197-199.

63 DONZEL, H. F. 1847. Description de Lépidoptères nouveau. Annales de la Sociét Entomologique de France 5: 525–530. DORING, E. 1955. Zur morphologie der Schmetterlingseier. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag. [Papilio machaon, Lycaena phlaeas, Pieris brassicae, Vanessa cardui, Vanessa atalanta]. *DOS PASSOS, C.F. 1958. The dates and authorships of some names proposed by Cramer and Stoll in De Uitlansche Kapellen Voorkomende in de drie waereld-deelen Asia, Afrika en America, and by Stoll alone in Aanhamsel van het werk, De …door den heere Pieter Cramer [1775]-1791. The Lepidopterist’s News 12 (5-6): 195-198. DOUBLEDAY, E. 1842. Characters of undescribed lepidoptera. In: GRAY, J.E. Zoological Miscellany. London. pp. 73-78. DOUBLEDAY, E. 1844a. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum 1: [vi], 150 pp. London. *DOUBLEDAY, E. 1844b. Descriptions of some new species of butterflies in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (1) 14: 415-421. *DOUBLEDAY, E. 1845. Descriptions of new or imperfectly described diurnal lepidoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (1) 16: 176-182. *DOUBLEDAY, E. 1846. Descriptions of new or imperfectly described diurnal lepidoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (1) 17: 22-26. DOUBLEDAY, E. 1847a. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum 2: [ii], 57 pp. London. *DOUBLEDAY, E. 1847b [June]. On some undescribed species of Lepidoptera in the Society’s collection. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1847: 58-61. [Reprinted in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History (1) 20: 63-66 [July]]. DOUBLEDAY, E., & WESTWOOD, J.O. [1846-1852]. The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera 1: [xii], 1-250; 2: [ii], 251-534. London. DOUDU, Y.A., & LAWSON, B.W.L. 1983. Natural enemies of Acaea terpsichore (Lep., Nymphalidae) in Ghana, with particular reference to the parasite Charops diversipes (Hym., Ichneumonidae). Entomophaga 28 (3): 271-276. [Acraea neobule] DOUDU, Y.A., & LAWSON, B.W.L. 1989. Reproductive behaviour of the tossa jute defoliator Acraea terpsichore (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Insect Science and its Application 10 (4): 557-562. [= Acraea neobule] *DOUGLAS, A.S. & HANCOCK, E.G. 2007. Insect collecting in Africa during the eighteenth century and William Hunter’s collection. Archives of Natural History 34 (2): 293-306. DOUGLASS, J.F., & MILLER, L.D. 2003. Afrotropical skippers (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea) and the emergence of the combined refugium theory. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum 143: 1-18. [Democratic Republic of Congo; Ituri Forest] DOUMET, N. 1859. Description de quatre nouvelles especes de Lepidopteres. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee (2) 11: 260-267. DOUMET, N. 1861. Description de Lepidopteres nouveaux. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee (2) 13: 171-178. DOWNEY, J.C., & ALLYN, A.C. 1981. Chorionic sculpturing in eggs of Lycaenidae. Part 1. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum No. 61: 1-29. [Tylopaedia sardonyx, General reference] DOWNEY, J.C., & ALLYN, A.C. 1984. Chorionic sculpturing in eggs of Lycaenidae. Part 2. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum No. 84: 1-44. [Tylopaedia sardonyx, General reference] DOWSETT, R.J. 1981. Nyala records. Butterflies. Nyala 7 (2): 165. DOWSETT, R.J. 1982. Nyala records. Birds, mammals and butterflies. Nyala 8 (1): 57-61. DOWSETT, R.J. 1991. Gazetteer of zoological localities in Congo. Tauraco Research Report No. 4: 335-340. DOWSETT, R.J. 1997. Preliminary survey of butterflies (Lepidoptera) of the Parc National d'Odzala, Congo. Tauraco Research Report 6: 77-101.

64 DOWSETT, R.J. 2004. A first survey of the butterflies of the Lower Shire Wildlife Reserves, Malawi. Nyala 22: 27-33. [Acraea atergatis – new record for Lengwe National Park] DOWSETT, R.J., HECQ, J., & KNOOP, D.P. 1989. Ecological notes on two collections of butterflies (Lepidoptera) from eastern Nigeria. Tauraco Research Report No.1: 31-37. DOWSETT, R.J., & MONFORT, A. 1990. Butterflies (Rhopalocera) of Nyungwe Forest, : a provisional annotated checklist. Tauraco Research Report No. 3: 123-134. *DRIVER, A.S. 1991. Breeding notes. Metamorphosis 2 (1): 26-27. *DRUCE, H. 1873. Description of a new species of Charaxes from Africa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 10: 13-14. *DRUCE, H. 1874a. Description of new species of diurnal lepidoptera chiefly from tropical America. Cistula Entomologica 1: 285-290. *DRUCE, H. 1874b. Descriptions of fifteen new species of diurnal lepidoptera, chiefly from South America. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1874: 155-160. *DRUCE, H. 1875a. Descriptions of new species of diurnal lepidoptera. Cistula Entomologica 1: 357-363. *DRUCE, H. 1875b. A list of the collection of diurnal lepidoptera made by Mr. J.J. Monteiro, in Angola, with descriptions of some new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1875: 406-417. *DRUCE, H. 1878a. Descriptions of two new species of butterflies from West Africa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 14: 226. *DRUCE, H. 1878b. Descriptions of new species of Erycinidae. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 15: 101-102. *DRUCE, H. 1895. Description of a new species of Papilio from West Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 15: 332-333. *DRUCE, H. 1901. Descriptions of some new species of Lepidoptera from East Africa and tropical America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 7: 432-444. *DRUCE, H. 1905. Descriptions of two new species of diurnal lepidoptera belonging to the subfamily Nymphalinae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 16: 549-551. DRUCE, H. 1908. Description of a new species of Charaxes from the Cameroons, West Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 499. *DRUCE, H., & DRUCE, H.H. 1905. Descriptions of some new species of diurnal lepidoptera, collected by Mr. Harold Cookson, in Northern Rhodesia [actually in the Democratic Republic of Congo] in 1903 and 1904. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1905: 251-262. *DRUCE, H.H. 1885. Descriptions of three new species of Lycaenidae. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 22: 154-155. *DRUCE, H.H. 1887. Descriptions of four new species of Lycaenidae. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 23: 203-205. *DRUCE, H.H. 1888a. Description of a new genus and species of Lycaenidae. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 24: 259-260. *DRUCE, H.H. 1888b. Descriptions of several new species of Lycaenidae from W. Africa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 25: 108-109. *DRUCE, H.H. 1890. Descriptions of twelve new species of Lycaenidae from West Africa and one from the Solomon Islands in the collection of Herbert Druce. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 5: 24-31. *DRUCE, H.H. 1891a. Descriptions of some new genera and species of West-African Lycaenidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 7: 364-367. *DRUCE, H.H. 1891b. On some African butterflies hitherto referred to the genus Iolaus, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 8: 139-150. *DRUCE, H.H. 1892a. Notes on the synonymy of several west African Lycaenidae.

65 Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 28 (Ser. II, Vol. 3): 65-66. *DRUCE, H.H. 1892b. Notes on some Lycaenidae from west Africa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 28 (Ser. II, Vol. 3): 184-185. *DRUCE, H.H. 1896. Descriptions of some East-African Lycaenidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 17: 285-286. *DRUCE, H.H. 1902. On some new and little-known butterflies of the family Lycaenidae from the African, Australian and Oriental Regions. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902: 112-121. *DRUCE, H.H. 1903a. Descriptions of four species of West-African Lycaenidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 11: 69-72. *DRUCE, H.H. 1903b. Description of a new species of African Hesperiinae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 12: 636-637. *DRUCE, H.H. 1907a. Descriptions of some new butterflies from tropical Africa. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1907: 77-82. *DRUCE, H.H. 1907b. Description of an apparently new Lycaenid from Mauritius. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 20: 219-220. *DRUCE, H.H. 1909. On some new and little-known Hesperiidae from tropical west Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1909: 406-413. *DRUCE, H.H. 1910a. Descriptions of new Lycaenidae and Hesperiidae from tropical West Africa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1910: 356-378. *DRUCE, H.H. 1910b. Illustrations of African Lycaenidae, being photographic representations of type specimens contained in the Imperial Zoological Museum at Berlin. H.H. Druce, London, 1-48. [#book] *DRUCE, H.H. 1912a. Descriptions of some apparently new butterflies from Borneo and one from Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 9: 500-504. *DRUCE, H.H. 1912b. Descriptions of two new Mimacraeas from tropical Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 9: 635-636. *DRUCE, H.H. 1912c. Descriptions of new exotic Lycaenidae and Hesperiidae. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 48: 128-133. *DRUCE, H.H. 1913. Descriptions of some new Lycaenidae from tropical Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 11: 358-360. DRURY, D. [1773]. Illustrations of Natural History 2: viii, 1-90 + 2pp. London. DRURY, D. 1782. Illustrations of Natural History 3: xxvi, 1-769 + 2pp. London. DUCARME, R. 1990a. Quelques lepidopteres remarquables de l'est du Zaire. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Belge D'Entomologie 126 (10-12): 205. [Epitola decellei, Charaxes kirki, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo] DUCARME, R. 1990b. Premiers etats d'Euphaedra (Lep. . afr.). Lambillionea 90 (2): 37, 41. [Euphaedra intermedia; Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo] DUCARME, R. 1993. Liste des Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres recoltes dans le nord est du Zaire. (Computer printout). DUCKWORTH, J.W., EVANS, M.I., HAWKINS, A.F.A. & SAFFORD, R.J. 2009. Anthropophilous lachryphagy in a Malagasy butterfly, Salamis anteva (Ward, 1870) (Lep.: Nymphalidae). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 121 (2): 103-107. DUDGEON, G.C. 1909. [Communication.]. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1909: 50-54. *DUDGEON, G.C. 1913. Description of a new species of Euryphene from West Africa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 49: 204-205. *DUDGEON, G.C. 1915. Record of some species of the genus Teracolus occurring in the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast, W. Africa. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1915: 387-390.

66 DUDLEY, C. 1992. A checklist of the butterflies of Liwonde National Park, Malawi. Nyala 16 (1): 9-16. DUFRANE, A. 1929. Variation chez Papilio (S.S.) antimachus Drury. Lambillionea 29: 138-139. DUFRANE, A. 1933. Quelques Rhopaloceres. Lambillionea 33: 164-166. DUFRANE, A. 1936. Sur quelques especes du genre Papilio. Lambillionea 36: 40-42. DUFRANE, A. 1939. Lepidopteres du Kivu. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Entomologique de Belgique 79: 405-408. DUFRANE, A. 1940. Lepidopteres du Kivu (2e note) (1). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Entomologique de Belgique 80: 129-134. DUFRANE, A. 1945. Lepidopteres du Kivu (3e note) (1). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Entomologique de Belgique 81: 90-143. DUFRANE, A. 1946. Papilionidae. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Entomologique de Belgique 82: 101-122. [On Papilionidae from many parts of the world; Papilio martensi sp. n. (= Graphium hachei moebii), Democratic Republic of Congo] DUFRANE, A. 1947. Pieridae. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Entomologique de Belgique 83: 46-73. [descriptions of new Afrotropical taxa of Pieridae] DUFRANE, A. 1948a. Lepidopteres du Kivu. Quatrieme Note (1). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Entomologique de Belgique 84: 160-168. DUFRANE, A. 1948b. A propos de Danaus (Limnas Hbn) chrysippus L. (Lep. Danaidae). Miscellania Entomologica 45: 49-51. DUFRANE, A. 1948c. Note sur les Danaidae. Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon 17: 192-194. DUFRANE, A. 1948d. Lepidopteres du Kivu (4e note). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Entomologique de Belgique 84: 160-168. [New taxa: Anapheis calypso dentigera f. tshangerensis; Appias phaola r. intermedia; Mylothris rhodope rhodope r. muanensis] DUFRANE, A. 1953. Lepidopteres du Kivu (5e note). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Entomologique de Belgique 89: 41-57. DUFRANE, A. 1954a. A propos de Syntarucus pulchra Murray (Lep. Lyc.). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Entomologique de Belgique 90: 66-68. DUFRANE, A. 1954b. Sur quelques Lycaenidae d’Afrique. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Entomologique de Belgique 90: 282-286. DUJARDIN, F. 1990. Quelques donnees sur les premiers etats de Gegenes pumilio Hoffg. Riviera Scientifique 1989 [1990]: 3-6. DUKE, N., SAUNDERS, J., & SAUNDERS, C. 1999. A checklist of insects of Swaziland. The Conservation Trust of Swaziland and The Natural History Society of Swaziland. 74pp. [#book] DUMONT, C. 1922. Diagnoses de Lepidopteres du Nord de l’Afrique. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1922: 215-220. DUODU, Y.A., & LAWSON, B.W.L. 1989. Reproductive behaviour of the tossa jute defoliator Acraea terpsichore (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Insect Science and its Application 10 (4): 557-562. [Acraea neobule] *DUPLOUY, A. & BRATTSTRÖM, O. 2017. Wolbachia in the Genus Bicyclus: a forgotten player. Microbial Ecology. DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-1024-9 DURANTE, A. 2006. I lepidotteri de Delta del Niger. Prima sintesi. Uccelli dÍtalia 31 (1-2): 131- 136. *DURHAM, L. & WARD, P. 2008. “I thought I’d died and gone to heaven”. Metamorphosis 19 (3): 154-156. [Collecting notes; Uganda] *DU TOIT, N. 1992. Studying butterflies at the Pilanesberg National Park in Bophuthatswana. Metamorphosis 3 (2): 65-66. *DU TOIT, N. 1993. Visit to the Pilansberg. Metamorphosis 4 (3): 116-117.

67 EDGAR, J.A., COCKRUM, P.A., & FRAHN, J.L. 1976. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Danaus plexippus L. and Danaus chrysippus L. Experientia 32 (12): 1535-1537. EDGE, D.A. 1982. Rediscovery of a rare butterfly. Rostrum (Pretoria) No. 2: 1 p. [Erikssonia acraeina – now edgei] *EDGE, D. [A.] 1985. Life history of Iolaus diametra natalica Vàri. Metamorphosis 1 (13): 4-6. *EDGE, D. [A.] 1987. Life history of Iolaus pallene (Wallengren). Metamorphosis 1 (19): 3-5. *EDGE, D.[A.] 1991. Further comment on the skewed sex ratios of Iolaus (Epamera) mimosae Trimen (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 2 (4): 32-33. *EDGE, D.A. 2002. Some ecological factors influencing the breeding success of the Brenton Blue butterfly, Orachrysops niobe (Trimen) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Koedoe 45 (2): 19-34. EDGE, D.A. 2005a. Ecological factors influencing the survival of the Brenton Blue butterfly Orachrysops niobe (Trimen), (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Ph.D. thesis, North-West University, South Africa, i-xxv, 1-265. *EDGE, D.[A.] 2005b. Butterfly conservation in the southern Cape, South Africa. Metamorphosis 16 (2): 28-46. *EDGE, D.A. 2005c. Life history and ecological observations on Aloeides pallida, undescribed subspecies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 16 (4): 110-115. *EDGE, D.A. 2005d. Ecological factors influencing the survival of the Brenton Blue butterfly Orachrysops niobe (Trimen), (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 16 (4): 116-117. [Synopsis of PhD thesis] *EDGE, D.A. 2008a. Adult behaviour of Orachrysops niobe (Trimen) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 19 (3): 116-126. *EDGE, D.A. 2008b. Brenton Blue Butterfly Special Nature Reserve. Environmental Management Plan – Revision 2. Unpublished PDF, 43 pp. *EDGE, D.A. 2012. Custodians of rare and endangered Lepidoptera (COREL). Metamorphosis 22 (3 & 4): 81-96. *EDGE, D.A. 2014. Searching in the Waterberg for Erikssonia edgei Gardiner & Terblanche, 2010 during December 2011 & January 2012. Metamorphosis 25: 77-81. *EDGE, D.[A.]. Critically endangered species – the Brenton Blue (Brentonbloutjie, Orachrysops Niobe). Babbel Blues Issue 4: 26-28. *EDGE, D.[A.]. 2016. Vegetation associated with the critically endangered butterfly Chrysoritis dicksoni (Gabriel, 1947) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeinae) at Witsand, Western Cape Province. *EDGE, D.A., CILLIERS, S.S. & TERBLACHE, R.F. 2008. Vegetation associated with the occurrence of the Brenton blue butterfly. South African Journal of Science 104: 505-510. [Orachrysops niobe] *EDGE, D.[A.] & EDGE, E. 1994. Letter from Knysna. Metamorphosis 5 (1): 32-35. *EDGE, D.[A.] & EDGE, E. 1995. Letter from Knysna. Metamorphosis 6 (2): 82-85. *EDGE, D.A., & MECENERO, S. 2015. Butterfly conservation in Southern Africa. Journal of Insect Conservation 19 (2): 325-339. DOI 10.1007/s10841-015-9758-5. Abstract: The origins and development of butterfly conservation in southern Africa are explored and the role of the Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa (LSA) in the promotion of butterfly conservation and research is described. LSA members have produced several Red Lists for South African butterflies. The Southern African Butterfly Conservation Assessment project, a joint venture between LSA, the Animal Demography Unit (ADU—University of Cape Town) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute was launched in 2007. This has resulted in a comprehensive and accurate distributional database and rigorous conservation assessments using the IUCN (2010) Red Listing categories and criteria for the 794 butterfly taxa assessed. LSA’s Custodians of Rare and Endangered Lepidoptera programme aims to conserve all the threatened species, prioritising the Critically Endangered category. Moving beyond species-based conservation, habitat and landscape conservation are now key conservation strategies which focus on vegetation types and butterfly biodiversity hotspots. LSA (in partnership with ADU) has also recently launched the LepiMAP project, an online photographic geo- referenced database which will develop a butterfly and moth atlas for the whole of Africa, as part of a continent-wide conservation effort. Another important project which the LSA recently launched is the Caterpillar Rearing Group, for documenting the life histories of all Lepidoptera in the Afrotropical region.

68 *EDGE, D.A., & PRINGLE, E.L. 1996. Notes on the natural history of the Brenton blue, Orachrysops niobe (Trimen) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 7 (3): 109-120. *EDGE, D.A., & PRINGLE, E.L. 2006. Observations on the life history of Chrysoritis braueri (Pennington) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 17 (4): 134-139. *EDGE, D.A., ROBERTSON, H.G. & VAN HAMBURG, H. 2008. Ant assemblages at three potential breeding sites for the Brenton blue butterfly, Orachrysops niobe (Trimen). African Entomology 16 (2): 253-262. *EDGE, D.A. & TERBLANCHE, R.F. 2010. Research into the life history and ecology of Chrysoritis dicksoni (Gabriel) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 21 (3): 120-127. *EDGE, D.A. & VAN HAMBURG, H. 2010. Larval feeding behaviour and myrmecophily of the Brenton Blue, Orachrysops niobe (Trimen) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 42: 21-33. *EDGE, D.A. & WILLIAMS, M.C. 2005. Observations on the life history of Lepidochrysops balli Dickson (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 16 (4): 106-109. EDMUNDS, M. 1976. Larval mortality and population regulation in the butterfly Danaus chrysippus in Ghana. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 58 (2): 129-145. *EELEY, H.A.C., LAWES, M.J., & REYERS, B. 2001. Priority areas for the conservation of subtropical indigenous forest in southern Africa: A case study from KwaZulu-Natal. Biodiversity and Conservation 10 (8): 1221-1246. [PDF file on CD 1] *EHRLICH, P.R. 1970. A note on the systematic position of Papilio antimachus. Journal of the Lepidopterist’s Society 24 (3): 224-225. *EHRLICH, P.R., & EHRLICH, A.H. 1972. Wing-shape and adult resources in lycaenids. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 26 (3): 196-197. [Zizula hylax; Tanzania] EHRMANN, G.A. 1893. A new Hesperid [hesperiid] from west Africa. Entomological News 4: 309-310. EHRMANN, G.A. 1894. New West African butterflies. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 2: 77-78. EHRMANN, G.A. 1909. New species of exotic lepidoptera. Canadian Entomologist 41: 85-87. EHRMANN, G.A. 1918. New species and variations of butterflies. Lepidoptera, Forest Hills 2: 21-22. EHRMANN, G.A. 1920. New exotic papilios. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 15: 21-22. EHRMANN, G.A. 1921. Some new papilios and Ornithoptera. Lepidoptera, Forest Hills 5: 17-19. EIMER, G.H.T. 1889. Die Artbildung und Verwandschaft bei den Schmetterlingen. Eine systematische Darstellung der Abanderungen, Unterarten und Arten der Segelfalter- ahnlichen Formen der Gattung Papilio [1]: xii, 1-243. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena. EISENRING, M., BECK, J., AGWANDA, B., KIOKO, E. & CURRAN, M. 2016. Effects of habitat age and disturbance intensity on the biodiversity of three trophic levels in Central Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 54 (2): 225-234. ELBERS, J.P. & BOSSART, J.L. 2009. Occurrences of forest butterflies in the farm bush savannah outside a forest reserve in Ghana, West Africa. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 29 (3): 141-150. *EL-HAWAGRY, M.S., KHALIL, M.W., SHARAF, M.R., FADL, H.H. & ALDAWOOD, A.S. 2013. A preliminary study on the insect fauna of Al-Baha Province, Saudi Arabia, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 274: 1-88. Abstract: A preliminary study was carried out on the insect fauna of Al-Baha Province, south-western part of Saudi Arabia. A total number of 582 species and subspecies (few identified only to the genus level) belonging to 129 families and representing 17 orders were recorded. Two of these species are described as new, namely: Monomorium sarawatensis Sharaf & Aldawood, sp. n. (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) and Anthrax alruqibi El-Hawagry sp. n. (Bombyliidae, Diptera). Another eight species are recorded for the first time in Saudi Arabia, namely: Xiphoceriana arabica (Uvarov, 1922) (Pamphagidae, Orthoptera), Pyrgomorpha conica (Olivier, 1791) (Pyrgomorphidae, Orthoptera), Catopsilia florella (Fabricius, 1775) (Pieridae, Lepidoptera), Anthrax chionanthrax (Bezzi, 1926) (Bombyliidae, Diptera), Spogostylum near tripunctatum Pallas

69 in Wiedemann, 1818 (Bombyliidae, Diptera), Cononedys dichromatopa (Bezzi, 1925) (Bombyliidae, Diptera), Mydas sp. (Mydidae, Diptera), and Hippobosca equina Linnaeus, 1758 (Hippoboscidae, Diptera). Al-Baha Province is divided by huge and steep Rocky Mountains into two main sectors, a lowland coastal plain at the west, known as “Tihama”, and a mountainous area with an elevation of 1500 to 2450 m above sea level at the east, known as “Al-Sarat or Al-Sarah” which form a part of Al-Sarawat Mountains range. Insect species richness in the two sectors (Tihama and Al-Sarah) was compared, and the results showed that each of the two sectors of Al-Baha Province has a unique insect community. The study generally concluded that the insect faunal composition in Al-Baha Province has an Afrotropical flavor, with the Afrotropical elements predominant, and a closer affiliation to the Afrotropical region than to the Palearctic region or the Eremic zone. Consequently, we tend to agree with those biogeographers who consider that parts of the , including Al- Baha Province, should be included in the Afrotropical region rather than in the Palaearctic region or the Eremic zone. *ELIOT, J.N. 1986. A review of the Miletini (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology) 53 (1): 1-105. ELLENBERG, H., GALAT-LUONG, A., MAYDELL, H.-J., MUHLENBERG, M., PANZER, K.F., SCHMIDT-LORENZ, R., SUMSER, M., & SZOLNOKI, T.W. 1988. Pirang – ecological investigations in a forest island in the Gambia. Stiftung Walderhaltung in Afrika. Hamburg. *ELTRINGHAM, H. 1909. Description of a new species of Mimacraea from West Africa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 45: 172. ELTRINGHAM, H. 1910. African mimetic butterflies. Clarendon Press, Oxford. [#book] *ELTRINGHAM, H. 1911a. On the forms and geographical distribution of Acraea lycoa Godt. and Acraea johnstoni Godman. Transactions of the Entomologial Society of London 1911: 1- 15. *ELTRINGHAM, H. 1911b. Preliminary descriptions of some new or little-known forms of the genus Acraea. Novitates Zoologicae 18: 149-153. *ELTRINGHAM, H. 1912. A monograph of the African species of the genus Acraea Fab., with a supplement on those of the Oriental Region. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 1-374. *ELTRINGHAM, H. 1913. On new or little-known forms of Acraea by H. Eltringham M.A., F.Z.S.; with descriptions of a new form of Acraea encedon, by Prof. E.B. Poulton, F.R.S. Transactions of the Entomologial Society of London 1913: 407-413. *ELTRINGHAM, H. 1917 [1918]. On a collection of butterflies taken in East Africa by W.A. Lamborn. Transactions of the Entomologial Society of London 1917: 322-337. *ELTRINGHAM, H. 1921a. Four new African species of Neptis. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 57: 26-30. *ELTRINGHAM, H. 1921b [1922]. On the larvae and pupae of Lepidoptera, chiefly Lycaenidae, collected by C. O. Farquharson, W. A. Lamborn, and the Rev. Canon K. St. A. Rogers. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, parts III and IV, 1921: 473-489. *ELTRINGHAM, H. 1922. On the African species of the genus Neptis Fab. Transactions of the Entomologial Society of London 1921: 532-588. ELTRINGHAM, H., POULTON, E.B., RILEY, N.D., & TALBOT, G. 1929. African Rhopalocera: descriptions and notes. Transactions of the Entomologial Society of London 77: 475-504. *ELWES, H.J. 1889. A revision of the genus Argynnis. Transactions of the Entomologial Society of London 1889: 535-575. *ELWES, H.J., & EDWARDS, J. 1893. A revision of the genus Ypthima, with especial reference to the characters afforded by the male genitalia. Transactions of the Entomologial Society of London 1893: 1-54. *EMMEL, T.C. 1992. Book review. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history, by Torben Larsen. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 3 (1): 53-54. *EMMEL, T.C. 1998. Book review. Living butterflies of southern Africa: Biology, Ecology, and Conservation. Volume 1. Hesperiidae, Papilionidae and Pieridae of South Africa. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 9 (1): 18. *EMMEL, T.C., & LARSEN, T.B. 1997. Butterfly diversity in Ghana, West Africa. Tropical

70 Lepidoptera Research 8 (Supplement 3): 1-13. *EMMEL, T.C., & WARREN, A.D. 1993. The butterfly faunas of the Kakamega rain forest and the Masai Mara savanna in Kenya, East Africa. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 4 (2): 67-76. EMMS, C., & BARNETT, L.K. 2006. Gambian biodiversity: A provisional checklist of all species recorded within The Gambia, West Africa. www.darwingambia.gm/Checklist1.pdf ENGELBRECHT, I., ROBERTSON, M., STOLTZ, M. & JOUBERT, J.W. 2016. Reconsidering environmental diversity (ED) as a biodiversity surrogacy strategy. Biological Conservation 197: 171-179. *ESPELAND, M., HALL, J.P.W., DEVRIES, P.J., LEES, D.C., CORNWALL, M., HSU, Y.F., WU, L.W., CAMPBELL, D.L., TALAVERA, G., VILA, R., SALZMAN, S., RUEHR, S., LOHMAN, D.J. & PIERCE, N.E. 2015. Ancient Neotropical origin and recent recolonisation: Phylogeny, biogeography and diversification of the Riodinidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 93: 296-306. *ESPER, E.J.C. 1776-[1830]. Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. 1. Europaishe Gattungen [Tagschmetterlinge]. 1-388; 1-190; 1-120; 1-48. Erlangen. *ESPER, E.J.C. 1784-1801. Die auslandischen oder die ausserhalb Europa zur Zeit in den ubrigen Welttheilen vorgefundene Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. [ii], 1-254. Erlangen. EVANS, M. 1987. Appendix 3. Butterflies recorded during the expedition. In: RANDS, M., RANDS, G., & PORTER, R. 1987. Birds in the Yemen Arab Republic. A report of the Expedition of the Ornithological Society of the Middle East, October-December 1985. Dr M.R.W. Rands. International Council for Bird Preservation, 219c Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 ODL: i-iv, 1-91, 1-38, 6 pp. Chapter pagination: 3 pp. EVANS, M.I. 1990a. The butterflies of Marojejy. International Council for Bird Preservation Study Report No. 40: 61-64. EVANS, M.I. 1990b. Systematic list of butterflies recorded at Marojejy. International Council for Bird Preservation Study Report No. 40: 130-135. EVANS, M.I. 1990c. Observations elsewhere in Madagascar. International Council for Bird Preservation Study Report No. 40: 170. EVANS, M.I. 1992. A collection of butterflies from Nechisar National Park. International Council for Bird Preservation Study Report No. 50: 123-125. EVANS, M.I., & THOMPSON, P.M. 1991. Invertebrates in Ambatovaky Special Reserve. In: Thompson-PM, and Evans-MI [Eds] A Survey of Ambatovaky Special Reserve, Madagascar. Madagascar Environmental Research Group, c/o The Conservation Foundation, 1 Kensington Gore, London, SW7 2AR: i-iv, 1-130. Chapter pagination: 6.1-6.15. [@chap] EVANS, R.T. 1944. A collection of Rhopalocera from Kakamega. Journal of the East African Natural History Society 17: 355-367. EVANS, R.T. 1946. East African butterflies. Genera Pseudoneptis, Catuna, Pseudargynnis, Pseudacraea, Neptis. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society 19: 18-39. [Checklist for Uganda and Kenya] EVANS, T., AANDERSON, G., AKKER, S., CORDEIRO, N., HIGHSTEAD, R., & MOODY, A. 1992. A wildlife survey of the east Usambara and Ukaguru Mountains, Tanzania. The birds, amphibians, reptiles, butterflies, fishes and mammals recorded by the Cambridge Tanzania Rainforest survey 1990. International Council for Bird Preservation Study Report 53: 1-106. EVANS, W.H. 1937. A catalogue of the African Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum. xii, 1-212. London. [#book] EVANS, W.H. 1938. New African Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (11) 1: 312-315.

71 EVANS, W.H. 1940. The type of the genus Pyrropyge (Lepidoptera-Hesperiidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 48: 405-411. EVANS, 1941. A revision of the genus Erionota Mabille (Lep.: Hesp.). Entomologist 74: 158–160. [Description of Erionota torus] EVANS, W.H. 1947. Revisional notes on African Hesperiidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (series 11) 13: 341-648. EVANS, W.H. 1949a. A catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). [xx], 1-502. London. EVANS, W.H. 1949b. Some new Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) from Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) 2: 54-56. [Celaenorrhinus kimboza (Tanganyika); Sarangesa gaerdsi (S.W. Africa); Gorgyra kalinzu (Uganda); Pelopidas fanta barnesi (S. Rhodesia)] EVANS, W.H. 1951. Revisional notes on African Hesperiidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (12) 4: 1268-1272. EVANS, W.H. 1952. Notes on Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) from Madagascar. Naturaliste Malgache 4: 87-88. EVANS, W.H. 1954. La Reserve Naturelle Integrale du Mont Nimba Fascicule II. XXVII. Lepidopteres Hesperiides. Memoires de l’Instutut Francais d’Afrique Noire (40): 343-346. EVANS, W.H. 1955. A revision of the genus Tarucus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) of Europe, North Africa and Asia. Entomologist 88: 179-187. EVANS, W.H. 1956. Revisional notes on African Hesperiidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (12) 8: 881-885. EVANS, W.H. 1957. Revisional notes on the Hesperiidae of Europe, Asia and Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12th series 9: 749-752. [Gives a short list of species described in error from Africa, which are synonyms of Oriental species] EWETE, F.K. 1990. The immature stages and chaetotaxy of Acraea terpsichore Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Journal of African Zoology 104 (3): 191-199. [Acraea neobule; early stages] FABRES, G., & MALTILE-FERRERO, D. 1980. Les entomophages enfeodes a la cochenille du manioc, (Phenococcus manihoti (Hom. Coccoidea Pseudococcidae) en Republique Populaire du Congo. 1) Les composantes de l’entomocoenose et leurs interrelations. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 10 (4): 509-515. [Lycaenid predators of Homoptera; Congo] FABRICIUS, J.C. 1775. Systema Entomologiae [xxxii], 1-832. Flensburgi & Lipsiae. FABRICIUS, [J.]C. 1781. Species Insectorum 2: [ii], 1-499. Hamburgi & Kilonii. FABRICIUS, J.C. 1787. Mantissa Insectorum 2: [ii], 1-382. Hafniae. FABRICIUS, J.C. 1793. Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta 3 (1): [vi], 1-488. Hafniae. FABRICIUS, J.C. 1798. Supplementum entomologiae systematica iv, 1-572. Hafniae. FABRICIUS, J.C. 1807. Die neueste Gattungs – Eintheilung der Schmetterlinge aus den Linneischen Gattungen Papilio und Sphynx. In: Illiger, K., Magazin fur Insektenkunde 6: 277-289. FABRICIUS, J.C. 1938. Systema Glossatorum xii, 13-112. In: Bryk, F., J. Chr. Fabricius Systema Glossatorum (Brunovia 1807) xii, 1-112 + [18pp]. Feller, Neubrandenburg. FAIRMAIRE, L. 1894. Coleopteres du Kilimandjaro. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 38: 386-395. [Abantiades; unecessary replacement name for Abantis] *FAN, X., CHIBA, H., HUANG, Z., FEI, W. & SZABOLCS, S. 2016. Clarification of the phylogenetic framework of the Tribe Baorini (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) inferred from multiple gene sequences. PLoS ONE, 27 July 2016. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0156861 FARAVEL, G. 1998. [Description of a new female form of Charaxes etheocles ochracea van Someren & Jackson, 1957 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae).] Entomologia Africana 3 (Supplement): 10-12.

72 FARAVEL, G. 2002. Description d’un Euphaedra nouveau du Gabon (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 7 (2): 15-17. [Euphaedra sabinae]. FARAVEL, G. 2005. Une nouvelle espece d’Euphaedra du Gabon (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 10 (1): 8-10. [Euphaedra abri; Gabon] FARAVEL, G. 2012. Description d'une nouvelle espece d'Euphaedra du sous-genre Gausapia Hecq, 1976, groupe gausape, de la Republique populaire du Congo (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 17 (1): 34-36. ABSTRACT: Description of a new species of Euphaedra, Euphaedra vingerhoedti n. sp. from the Popular . It belongs to sub-genus Gausapia Hecq, 1976, group gausape. [Euphaedra vingerhoedti sp. nov., Congo Republic, p.34] *FAWCETT, J.M. 1901. Notes on the transformations of some South-African Lepidoptera. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 15 (6): 291-322. *FAWCETT, J.M. 1903 (1902]. Notes on the transformations of some South-African Lepidoptera [continued]. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 17 (2): 165-190. *FARQUHARSON, C.O. 1921 [1922]. Five years’ observations (1914-1918) on the bionomics of southern Nigerian insects, chiefly directed to the investigation of lycaenid life-histories and the relation of Lycaenidae, Diptera, and other insects to ants. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1921: 319-448. FEE, N. & COLLINS, S.C. 2015. Obituary – Torben Bjorn Larsen. 12th January 1944 – 21st May 2015. Metamorphosis 26: 40pp. FEISTHAMEL, [J.F.P.] 1850. Description de quelques lepidopteres rhopaloceres nouveaux ou peu connus, provenant de la Cazamance (Afrique). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (2) 8: 247-262. FELDER, C. 1861. Ein neues Lepidopteron aus der Familie der Nymphaliden und seine Stellung im naturlichen Systeme begrundet aus der Synopse der ubrigen Gattungen. Nova Acta Academiae Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicum Naturae Curiosorum 28 (3): 1-50. FELDER, C. 1862. Verzeichniss der von den Naturforshern der k.k. Fregatte “Novara” gesammelten macrolepidopteren. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 473-496. FELDER, C., & FELDER, R. 1859a. Lepidopterologische Fragmente. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 3: 263-273. FELDER, C., & FELDER, R. 1859b. Lepidopterologische Fragmente. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 3: 321-328. FELDER, C., & FELDER, R. 1859c. Lepidopterologische Fragmente. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 3: 390-405. FELDER, C., & FELDER, R. 1860a. Lepidopterologische Fragmente. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 4: 97-112. FELDER, C., & FELDER, R. 1860b. Lepidopterologische Fragmente. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 4: 225-251. FELDER, C., & FELDER, R. 1860c. Lepidoptera nova in paeninsula Malayica. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 4: 394-402. FELDER, C., & FELDER, R. 1862. Lepidoptera nova a Dre Carolo Semper in insulis Philippinis collecta diagnosibus exposuerunt. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 6: 282-294. FELDER, C., & FELDER, R. 1864. Species Lepidopterorum hucusque descriptae vel iconibus expressae in seiem systematicum digestae. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 14: 289-378. [Papilio brasidas, p. 307, p. 353] *FELDER, C., & FELDER, R. [1865-1867]. . Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara vi, 1- 549. [1865: 1-136; 1865: 137-378; 1867: 379-549] FELDER, C., & FELDER, R. 1869. [No title]. Petites Nouvelles Entomologiques 1: [30-31]. FELDER, R. 1870. [No title]. Petites Nouvelles Entomologiques 2: 95. *FELTWELL, J.S.E. 1982. Large White Butterfly. The biology, biochemistry and physiology of

73 Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus). 1. Nomenclature, pp. 1-26. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague, Netherlands. FERKAU, C., & FISCHER, K. 2006. Costs of reproduction in male Bicyclus anynana and Pieris napi butterflies: effects of mating history and food limitation. Ethology 112 (11): 1117-1127. *FERMON, H., SCHULZE, C.H., WALTERT, M., & MUEHLENBERG, M. 2001. The butterfly fauna of the Noyau Central, Lama Forest (Republic of Benin), with notes on its ecological composition and geographic distribution. African Entomology 9 (2): 177-185. FERMON, H., WALTERT, M., LARSEN, T.B., DALL’ASTA, U., & MUEHLENBERG, M. 2000. Effects of forest management on diversity and abundance of fruit-feeding nymphalid butterflies in south-eastern Cote d’Ivoire. Journal of Insect Conservation 4 (3): 173-189. FERMON, H., WALTERT, M., & MUEHLENBERG, M. 2003. Movement and vertical stratification of fruit-feeding butterflies in a managed West African rainforest. Journal of Insect Conservation 7 (1): 7-19. [Ivory Coast] FERNANDEZ-HAEGER, J. 1988. Notes on the biology of Brephidium exilis (Boisduval) (Lycaenidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 26 (1-4): 254-255. FERRERO, V., DE VEGA, C., STAFFORD, G.I., VAN STADEN, J. & JOHNSON, S.D. 2009. Heterostyly and pollinators in Plumbago auriculata (Plumbaginaceae). South African Journal of Botany 75 (4): 778-784. [Butterfly pollinators in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa] FEULNER, G.R. 2002. Two new butterfly sightings from the Musandam region. Tribulus 12 (1): 30. [Lycaena phlaeas; Pieris rapae; United Arab Emirates] FEULNER, G.R. 2003. Further observations on the status of the western pygmy blue butterfly in the UAE. Tribulus 13 (1): 26. [Brephidium exilis; United Arab Emirates] FEULNER, G.R. 2005. Uncommon butterflies of the Ru-us al-Jibal: baton blue and Loew’s blue. Tribulus 15 (1): 17-18. [Agrodiaetus loewii, Pseudophilotes vicrama] FEULNER, G.R. 2007. An unexpected resident butterfly of northern Oman: the Arabian grizzled skipper Spialia mangana (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Tribulus 17: 99-101. FIBECK, W., & PHIRI, V. 1998. Pollination of Platycoryne pervillei. South African Orchid Journal 29 (1): 11-12. [Acraea natalica] *FICQ, C. 1983. Lepidochrysops vansoni in South West Africa. Metamorphosis 1 (3): 3-4. FIEDLER, C. 1920. Precis schmiedeli. Eine neue Art aus Kamerun. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 34: 53-55. FIEDLER, C. 1928. Fauna Exotica Verschiedene Formen von Precis eurodoce Westw. aus Madagaskar [Lep.]. Entomologische Zeitschrift. Frankfurt a.M. 42: 121-123. *FIEDLER, K., & HAGEMANN, D. 1992. The influence of larval age and ant number on myrmecophilous interactions of the African grass blue butterfly, Zizeeria knysna (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 31 (3-4): 213-232. [PDF file on CD 1] FISCHER VON WALDHEIM, G. 1832. Lepidoptorum rariorum Rossiae. Observationes quinques. Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou (2) 2: 357-360. *FISCHER, K. 2006. Reduced mating vigor in selection lines of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Journal of Insect Behavior 19 (5): 657-668. *FISCHER, K. 2007. Control of reproduction and a survival cost to mating in female Bicyclus anynana butterflies. Ecological Entomology 32 (6): 674-681. FISCHER. K., BAUERFEIND, S.S., & FIEDLER, K. 2006. Temperature-mediated plasticity in egg and body size in egg size-selected lines of a butterfly. Journal of Thermal Biology 31 (4): 347-354. [Bicyclus anynana] FISCHER, K., BOT, A.N.M., ZWAAN, B.J., & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2004. Genetic and environmental sources of egg size variation in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Heredity 92 (3): 163-169. *FISCHER, K., DIERKS, A., FRANKE, G.T.I., LISZKA, M., WINTER, S. & PFLICKE, C.

74 2010. Environmental effects on temperature stress resistance in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana. PloS ONE 5 (12): 1-12. *FISCHER, K., PERLICK, J. & GALETZ, T. 2008. Residual reproductive value and male mating success: older males do better. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 275: 1517-1524. [Bicyclus anynana] FISCHER, K., ZIMMER, K. & WEDELL, N. 2009. Correlated responses to selection on female egg size in male reproductive traits in a butterfly. Evolutionary Ecology 23 (3): 389-402. [Bicyclus anynana] FISCHER, K., ZWAAN, B.J., & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2007. Realized correlated responses to artificial selection on pre-adult life-history traits in a butterfly. Heredity 98 (3): 157-164. [Bicyclus anynana] FITTER, R. 1984. Birds, swallowtails and plants in danger. Three new RDBs. IUCN Bulletin 15 (7-9): 92-93. FITZHERBERT, E., GARDNER, T., DAVENPORT, T.R.B., & CARO, T. 2006. Butterfly species richness and abundance in the Katavi ecosystem of western Tanzania. African Journal of Ecology 44 (3): 353-362. FLETCHER, P. 1986a. Reflections on 12 months in South Africa. Exotic Entomology Group Newsletter 1986: 3 pp. FLETCHER, P. 1986b. Reflections on 18 months in South Africa – part 2. Exotic Entomology Group Newsletter 1986: 23-27. FLETCHER, T. 1910. Lepidoptera, exclusive of the Tortricidae and Tineidae, with some remarks on their distribution and means of dispersal amongst the islands of the Indian Ocean. Transactions of the Linnean Society, London 13: 265-324. FLEURY, P., de 1924. Description d’un Myrina nouveau originaire de la Guinée Française. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 1924: 161-162. FLEURY, P., de 1926. Études sur la faune lépidoptèrologique de la Guinée Française. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 95: 131-155. *FLORENS, F.B.V., MAUREMOOTOO, J.R., FOWLER, S.V., WINDER, L. & BAIDER, C. 2010. Recovery of indigenous butterfly community following control of invasive alien plants in a tropical island’s wet forests. Biodiversity and Conservation 19 (14): 3835-3848. FLORENS, V. & PROBST, J.-M. 1995. Liste commentée des papillons diurns observés á lîle aux Aigrettes (îles Maurice). Bulletin Phaethon 1: 22– 25. FONTAINE, M. 1980. Lep.: Nymphalidae. Sous fam.: Eurytelinae. Premiers etats des especes observees a Isiro (ex Paulis) et environs immediats Zaire: region du Haut-Zaire, sous-region du Haut-Uele. Lambillionea 80 (7-10): 65-77. FONTAINE, M. 1981. Biotopes et premiers etats des especes de Nymphalidae-Eunicinae observees au Zaire. Lambillionea 81 (7-8): 50-57. FONTAINE, M. 1982. Genre Cymothoe Hűbner Lep. Nymphalidae – S. fam. Nymphalinae. Note sur les premiers etats. Lambillionea 82 (7-8): 63-64. FONTAINE, M. 1983a. Genre Cymothoe Hűbner Lep., Nymphalidae – s. fam. Nymphalinae. Deuxieme partie. Especes rencontrees dans diverses regions prospectees. Lambillionea 82 (5-6): 34-39. FONTAINE, M. 1983b. Genre Cymothoe Hűbner Lep., Nymphalidae – s. fam. Nymphalinae. Deuxieme partie. Especes rencontrees dans diverses regions prospectees (suite). Lambillionea 82 (7-8): 62-64. FONTAINE, M. 1983c. Genre Cymothoe Hűbner Lep., Nymphalidae – s. fam. Nymphalinae. Note sur les premiers etats (suite). Lambillionea 82 (9-10): 67-72. FONTAINE, M. 1983d. Genre Cymothoe Hűbner Lep., Nymphalidae – s. fam. Nymphalinae. Note sur les premiers etats (suite et fin). Lambillionea 82 (11-12): 95-98. FONTAINE, M. 1984. Genre Cymothoe Huebner Lep; Nymphalidae - s. fam. Nymphalinae. Deuxieme partie. Especes recontrees dans les diverses regions prospectees (suite & fin).

75 Lambillionea 83 (9-10): 67-69. FONTAINE, M. 1985a. Notes sur les premiers etats des rhopaloceres zairois Papilionidae – s. fam. Papilioninae. Lambillionea 85 (1-4): 27-32. FONTAINE, M. 1985b. Notes sur les premiers etats des rhopaloceres zairois (suite). Papilionidae – s. fam. Papilioninae. Lambillionea 85 (5-6): 44-52. FONTAINE, M. 1985c. Notes sur les premiers etats des rhopaloceres zairois (suite) Papilionidae – s. fam. Papilioninae. Lambillionea 85 (7-10): 77-84. FONTAINE, M. 1985d. Notes sur les premiers etats des rhopaloceres zairois Papilionidae – s. fam. Papilioninae. Lambillionea 85 (11-12): 113-118. FONTAINE, M. 1985e. Generalities, cles de determination des chenilles et classification des especes des genres Precis Hbn. et Junonia Hbn. (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Belge d’Entomologie 121 (9): 317-364. FONTAINE, M. 1986a. Notes sur les premiers etats des rhopaloceres du Zaire et du Rwanda- (suite). Famille: Pieridae. Lambillionea 86 (1-2): 16-24. FONTAINE, M. 1986b. Notes sur les premiers etats des rhopaloceres du Zaire et du Rwanda- Burundi (suite). Lambillionea 86 (3-4): 43-48. FONTAINE, M. 1986c. Notes sur les premiers etats des rhopaloceres du Zaire et du Rwanda- Burundi (suite). Lambillionea 86 (5-6): 64-72. FONTAINE, M. 1986d. Notes sur les premiers etats des rhopaloceres du Zaire et du Rwanda- Burundi (suite). Lambillionea 86 (7-8): 78-80. FONTAINE, M. 1986e. Notes sur les premiers etats des rhopaloceres du Zaire et du Rwanda- Burundi (suite et fin). Lambillionea 86 (9-10): 90-96. FONTAINE, M. 1988a. Notes sur les Lycaenidae du Zaire et du Rwanda-Burundi. Lambillionea 88 (1-2): 12-20. FONTAINE, M. 1988b. Premiers etats et observations sur quelques Hesperidae [Hesperiidae] du Zaire. Lambillionea 88 (3-4): 50-52. FONTAINE, M. 1988c. Lepidopteres du Zaire et du Rwanda-Burundi (fam. Acraeidae). Lambillionea 88 (5-6): 87-103. FONTAINE, M. 1988d. Lepidopteres du Zaire et du Rwanda-Burundi. Fam. Nymphalidae –s.fam Nymphalinae. Notes sur les premiers etats de diverse especes autres que Cymothoe Hbn. Lambillionea 88 (7-8): 110-115. FONTAINE, M. 1988e. Notes sur les Charaxidinae du Zaire et du Burundi. Lambillionea 88 (7-8): 127-132. [Charaxinae] FONTAINE, M. 1988f. Notes sur les Charaxidinae du Zaire et du Burundi (suite et fin). Lambillionea 88 (9-10): 145-150. [Charaxinae] FONTAINE, M. 1988g. Biotopes, premiers etats et presence de Vanessinae autre que Precis et Junonia en Afrique centrale (Nymphalidae, Lepidoptera). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Belge d’Entomologie 124 (4-6): 81-91. FONTAINE, M. 1991. Biotopes et premiers etats de lepidopteres nymphalides africains (sous- famille des Argynnidinae). Lambillionea 91 (1): 23-24. *FORBES, S. 2008. Butterflies of Semuliki National Park, Uganda. Antenna 38(2): 82-89. FORD, E.B. 1936. The genetics of Papilio dardanus Brown (Lep.). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 85: 435-466. FORD, E.B. 1947. Studies on the chemistry of pigments in the Lepidoptera, with reference to their bearing on systematics. 5. Pseudopontia paradoxa Felder. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society, London (A) 22: 77-78. FORSTER, J.R. 1771. Novae species Insectorum Centuria 1: viii, 1-100. London. FORSYTH, J. 1966. Agricultural Insects of Ghana. Ghana Universities Press, Accra, Ghana, 163pp. FOUNTAINE, M.E. Undated. Drawings of larvae and pupae, 4 volumes. [in Natural History

76 Museum, London; unpublished]. *FOUNTAINE, M.E. 1911. Descriptions of some hitherto unknown, or little known, larvae and pupae of South African Rhopalocera, with notes on their life-histories. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1911: 48-61. FOX, R.M. 1963. New African butterflies. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 36: 213-224. FOX, R.M. 1965. The genus Phalanta (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 26: 632-639. *FOX, R.M. 1967. Book review. A list of the butterflies of Malawi, by D. Gifford. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 21 (1): 7-8. FOX, R.M. 1968. Contribution a la faune du Congo (Brazzaville). Mission A. Villiers et A. Descarpentries LXVIII. Lepidopteres Nymphalidae, Danaidae et Riodinidae. Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 30: 1236-1280. FOX, R.M., LINDSEY, A.W., CLENCH, H.K., & MILLER, L.D. 1965. The butterflies of Liberia. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society No. 19: [iv], ii, 1-438. [#book] *FRANKE, K. & FISCHER, K. 2013. Effects of inbreeding and temperature stress on life history and immune function in a butterfly. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26 (3): 517-528. Abstract: Theory predicts that inbreeding depression should be more pronounced under environmental stress due to an increase in the expression of recessive deleterious alleles. If so, inbred populations may be especially vulnerable to environmental change. Against this background, we here investigate effects of inbreeding, temperature stress and its interactions with inbreeding in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana. We use a full-factorial design with three levels of inbreeding (F=0/0.25/0.38) and three temperature treatments (2h exposure to 1, 27 or 39°C). Despite using relatively low levels of inbreeding significant inbreeding depression was found in pupal mass, pupal time, thorax mass, abdomen fat content, egg hatching success and fecundity. However, stress resistance traits (heat tolerance, immune function) were not affected by inbreeding and interactions with temperature treatments were virtually absent. We thus found no support for an increased sensitivity of inbred individuals to environmental stress, and suspect that such patterns are restricted to harsher conditions. Our temperature treatments evidently imposed stress, significantly reducing longevity, fecundity, egg hatching success and haemocyte numbers, while fat content, protein content and lysozyme activity remained unaffected. Males and females differed in all traits measured except pupal time, protein content and phenoloxidase (PO) activity. Correlation analyses revealed, among others, a trade-off between PO and lysozyme activity, and negative correlations between fat content and several other traits. We stress that more data are needed on the effects of inbreeding, temperature variation and sexual differences on insect immune function before more general conclusions can be drawn. *FRANKE, K., HEITMANN, N., TOBNER, A. & FISCHER, K. 2014. Fitness costs associated with different frequencies and magnitudes of temperature changes in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Journal of Thermal Biology 41: 88-94. FRANKINO, W.A., ZWAAN, B.J., STERN, D.L. & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2007. Internal and external constraints in the evolution of morphological allometries in a butterfly. Evolution 61 (12): 2958-2970. [Bicyclus anynana] FRAPPA, C. 1937. Note sur deux espéces de Pamphila nuisibles au riz á Madagascar. Riz et Riziculture, 11(1), 19–24. *FRASER-GRANT, G. 1994a. Namaqualand re-visited August 1993. Metamorphosis 5 (1): 22- 24. *FRASER-GRANT, G. 1994b. Brief hunting at "Huntly Glen" November 1993. Metamorphosis 5 (2): 66-67. *FRASER-GRANT, G. 1995. First visit to Sutherland. Metamorphosis 6 (2): 74. *FRASER-GRANT, G. 1997. Return to White River. Metamorphosis 8 (3): 107-108. FREMPONG, E. & BUAHIN, G.K.A. 1978. Studies on the insect pests of egg plant, Solanum melongena L., in Ghana. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Serie A, 39 (1977), 627–641. FREYER, C.F. [1843]. Neuere lepidopterologische Beitrage. Neuere Beitrage zur Schmetterlingstunde mit Abbildungen nach der Natur 5 (71): 63-74. *FRIC, Z., DICKINSON, R. FETOUHI, G., LARSEN, T.B. SCHÖN, W. & WIERNERS, M. 2014. First record of the cycad blue, Chilades pandava, in Egypt – a new invasive butterfly species in the Mediterranean region and on the African continent (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). African Entomology 22(2): 315–319.

77 *FRUHSTORFER, H. 1903a. Neue afrikanische Lepidopteren. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitschrift 64: 359-361. FRUHSTORFER, H. 1903b. Zwei neue Pseudacraea aus Afrika. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 16: 9-10. FRUHSTORFER, H. 1907. Monographie der Elymniiae. Deutshe Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 20: 157-252. FRUHSTORFER, H. 1908. Monographische Revision der Gattung Melanitis. Entomologische Zeitschrift. Frankfurt a.M. 22: 85-87. FRYER, J.C.F. 1912. The lepidoptera of the Seychelles and Aldabra, exclusive of the Orneodidae and Pterophoridae and of the Tortricina and Tineina. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (2) 15: 1-28. GABRIEL, A.G. 1939. Rhopalocera. British Museum (Natural History) Ruwenzori Expedition 1934-5 3 (3): 51-95 [+4 pp.]. GABRIEL, A.G. 1945. Notes on some Papilionidae (Lep. Rhopalocera), with descriptions of five new subspecies. Entomologist 78: 151-152. GABRIEL, A.G. 1947. A new species of Phasis from South Africa. Entomologist 80: 60-61. GABRIEL, A.G. 1949. Notes on the Rhopalocera of Abyssinia. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 18: 207-216. GABRIEL, A.G. 1954a. The recently discovered female of a rare Charaxes (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Entomologist 87: 267. [Charaxes fourniereae female, Kenya] GABRIEL, A.G. 1954b. Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. British Museum (Natural History) expedition to south-west Arabia 1937-8 1: 351-391. GAEDE, M. 1915a. Neue afrikanische Lepidoptera des Berliner Zoologischen Museums. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 38-40; 71-74. GAEDE, M. 1915b. Lepidoptera von Dr. Berger im Uganda-Gebiet gesammelt. Entomologische Rundschau 32: 50-52. GAEDE, M. 1916. Neu afrikanische Lepidoptera des Berliner Zoologischen Museums. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 105-106; 109-112; 125-126. GAEDE, M. 1917. Neue aethiopische Hesperiiden. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 11: 29-31. GAGLIARDI, G.M. 1811. Del papiglione dell’Asclepiade. Descrizione del socio ordinario Gaetano Maria Gagliardi segretario perpetuo. Letta nell’adunanza del di 5 novembre 1807. Atti del Reale Istituto d’Incorraggiamento alle Scienze Naturali di Napoli 1: 155-161. *GARDINER, A.J. 1990. A reply to: The riddle of Aphnaeus hutchinsonii. Metamorphosis 1 (26): 10. *GARDINER, A.[J.] 1998. Description of a new species of Lepidochrysops Hedicke (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from north western Zambia. Metamorphosis 9 (1): 33-39. [Lepidochrysops heathi (male)] *GARDINER, A.[J.] 2003. New species of Lepidochrysops Hedicke (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from north-western Zambia. Metamorphosis 14 (1): 15-32. [Lepidochrysops heathi (female), Lepidochrysops erici, Lepidochrysops michaeli, Lepidochrysops evae] *GARDINER, A.[J.] 2004a. New species of Lepidochrysops Hedicke (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from north-western Zambia. Metamorphosis 15 (4): 156-164. [Lepidochrysops miniata, Lepidochrysops yvonnae] *GARDINER, A. [J.] 2004. Butterflies of the four corners area. Unpublished PDF file, pp. 31. *GARDINER, A.J. 2010a. The discovery of a remarkable sex-limited polymorphism in the rare African lycaenid, Cooksonia trimeni Druce (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Lipteninae). Metamorphosis 21 (3): 136-139. *GARDINER, A.J. 2010b. Additional butterfly records for Zambia and changes in the taxonomic status of a few species. Metamorphosis 21 (4): 142-155. Abstract: Fifty-five species are added to the checklist of Zambian butterflies including seven genera new for Zambia. Brief

78 notes on the known habitat and occurrence of the species are provided. Two taxa are elevated to specific status (Colotis ducissa (Dognin, 1891) stat. rev. and Hemiolaus vividus Pinhey, 1962 stat. nov., while Graphium deliae (Libert & Collins, 2007) is reduced to a form, G. poggianum f. deliae stat. nov. *GARDINER, A.J. 2013. Description of a new species of Erikssonia Trimen, 1891 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Metamorphosis 23: 22-25. [Erikssonia bouyeri sp. nov.] *GARDINER, A.J. 2015. The presence of Eurema floricola (Boisduval, 1833) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in South Africa. Metamorphosis 26: 80-82. *GARDINER, A.J. 2016. The male of Iolaus (Epamera) malaikae Bayliss et al., 2016 from Mt. Namuli in Mozambique. Metamorphosis 27: 78-81. GARDINER, A.J., & CROSS, R.H.M. 1986. Structure and function of tarsal sensilla of a paplionid butterfly. Elektronmikroskopievereniging van Suidelike Afrika Verrigtings 16: 37- 38. [Papilio nireus lyaeus] GARDINER, A.[J.], REID, R.S., & KIEMA, S. 2005. Impact of land-use on butterflies in southwestern Burkina Faso. African Entomology 13 (2): 201-212. *GARDINER, A.J. & TERBLANCHE, R.F. 2010a. A suggested terminology for the ground plan of the lycaenid wing pattern using the genus Erikssonia Trimen (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) as an example. African Entomology 18 (1): 166-170. *GARDINER, A.J. & TERBLANCHE, R.F. 2010b. Taxonomy, biology, biogeography, evolution and conservation of the genus Erikssonia Trimen (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). African Entomology 18 (1): 171-191. *GARDINER, B.O.C. 1987a. Rearing the painted lady Cynthia cardui L. with particular reference to the use of semisynthetic diet. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 99 (7-8): 161-168. *GARDINER, B.O.C. 1987b. Rearing the painted lady Cynthia cardui L. with particular reference to the use of semisynthetic diet. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 99 (9-10): 205-214. *GARDINER, B.O.C. 1995. The large cabbage white, Pieris brassicae, extends its range to South Africa. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 107 (7-8): 174. GARDNER, D. & HOWARTH, B. 2007. A butterfly migration: blue-spotted Arabs at Jebel Barakah, western Abu Dhabi. Tribulus 17: 98. [Colotis phisadia; Pieridae; United Arab Emirates] *GARDNER, T.A., CARO, T., FITZHERBERT, E.B., BANDA, T. & LALBHAI, P. 2007. Conservation value of multiple-use areas in East Africa. Conservation Biology 21 (6): 1516- 1525. [includes a consideration of Papilionoidea] *GARVIE, O.G. 2002. Lepidopterist wins “Best Young Scientist” award. Metamorphosis 13 (4): 105-106. *GARVIE, O.[G.] 2005a. Kokstad visit for Dira oxylus and discovery of soil scientists. Metamorphosis 16 (4): 93-94. *GARVIE, O.[G.] 2005b. Two Dira’s in two days – 1000 kilometres apart. Metamorphosis 16 (4): 95-96. *GARVIE, O.[G.], BROUARD, J.-P., & DURKAN, L. 2006. Namaqualand 2006 – An amazing butterfly adventure. Metamorphosis 17 (4): 122-133. *GARVIE, O., & WILLIAMS, M. 2006. A report on behalf of the Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa on the monitoring of Erikssonia acraeina Trimen, 1891 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 17 (4): 151-155. *GARVIE, O.G., DOBSON, J.C.H., EDGE, D.A., GARDINER, A.J., TERBLANCHE, R.F. & WILLIAMS, M.C. 2014. Research and conservation plan for the Waterberg Copper (Erikssonia edgei Gardiner & Terblanche, 2010) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) at the Bateleur Nature Reserve. Metamorphosis 25: 100-108. Abstract: Erikssonia edgei Gardiner & Terblanche no longer occurs at its type locality on the Tilodi Game Farm in the Waterberg, despite the presence of its known host plant and seemingly favourable veld conditions. New localities for E. edgei have been discovered at the Bateleur Nature Reserve (BNR) 50 km south by Mark and Tildie Williams, and this

79 provides a valuable opportunity to study and protect this critically endangered butterfly. An interim conservation plan has been established jointly by the Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa (LepSoc) and the owner of BNR. The results obtained from field work completed during 2013-2014 are presented and ongoing research projects are outlined. GASPERETTI, P.R. 1986. Natural history survey of the Makkah By-pass – preliminary report. Journal of the Saudi Arabian Natural History Society 2 (6): 7-27. [Saudi Arabia] GATTER, D., & GATTER, W. 1977. Schmetterlingswanderungen durch die Sahara. Atalanta Münnerstadt 8 (4): 241-246. GAUCKLER, H. 1912. 2 neue Formen von Pieris mesentina Cr.. Societas Entomologica 27: 76- 77. [Belenois aurota] GAUTHIER, A. 1984. Neue Unterarten und neue Namen in den Gattungen Papilio, Graphium und Parnassius (Lep.: Papilionidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift. Frankfurt a.M. 94 (21): 314- 320. GEERTSEMA, H. 1985. Notes on the occurrence of three non-endemic Lepidoptera, Mylothris chloris agathina, Zophopetes dysmephila and Ocinara ficicola, in the western Cape. Phytophylactia 17 (3): 153-155. *GEERTSEMA, H. 2000. Range expansion, distribution records and abundance of some Western Cape insects. South African Journal of Science 96 (7): 396-398. GEISTER, T.L., & FISCHER, K. 2007. Testing the beneficial acclimation hypothesis: temperature effects on mating success in a butterfly. Behavioral Ecology 18 (4): 658-664. [Bicyclus anynana] *GEISTER, T.L., LORENZ, M.W., HOFFMAN, K.H. & FISCHER, K. 2008a. Effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 on female reproduction and juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus and the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Journal of Experimental Biology 211 (10): 1587-1593. [Bicyclus anynana] GEISTER, T.L., LORENZ, M.W., HOFFMAN, K.H. & FISCHER, K. 2008b. Adult nutrition and butterfly fitness: effects of diet quality on reproductive output, egg composition, and egg hatching success. Frontiers in Zoology 5 (10): unpaginated. URL: http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/pdf/1742-9994-5-10.pdf GEISTER, T.L., LORENZ, M.W., HOFFMANN, K.H. & FISCHER, K. 2009. Energetics of embryonic development: effects of temperature on egg and hatchling composition in a butterfly. Journal of Comparative Physiology B Biochemical Systematic and Environmental Physiology 179 (1): 87-98. [Bicyclus anynana] GEISTER, T.L., LORENZ, M.W., MEYERING-VOS, M., HOFFMANN, K.H. & FISCHER, K. 2008. Effects of temperature on reproductive output, egg provisioning, juvenile hormone and vitellogenin titres in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Journal of Insect Physiology 54 (8): 1253-1260. GENTY, P. 1968. Deux lépidoptères nuisibles au palmier à huile. Oleagineux 23 (11): 645–648. GERLACH, J. 1997. Seychelles Red Data Book 1997. The Nature Protection Trust of Seychelles, Mahe. GERLACH, J. 2008. Preliminary conservation status and needs of an oceanic island fauna: The case of Seychelles insects. Journal of Insect Conservation 12: 293-305. GERLACH, J. 2012. Red listing reveals the true state of biodiversity: A comprehensive assessment of Seychelles biodiversity. Phelsuma 20: 9-22. GERLACH, J. & MATYOT, P. 2006. Lepidoptera of the Seychelles Islands. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands. GERMISHUYS, H. 1979. Many-splendoured things. African Wildlife 33 (2): 22-23. GERSTAECKER, A. 1871. Beitrag zur Insektenfauna von Zanzibar. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 1871 (1): 345-363. GEYER, C. [1837]. In: HUBNER, J., Zutrage zur Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge 5: 1-52. Augsburg. [Plates issued separately [1832]-[1836]]. GHESQUIERE, J. 1933. Variations et aberrations de Lepidopteres (suite). Sur deux races

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81 GOLDEN, K., SAGI, V., MARKWARTH, N., CHEN, B. & MONTEIRO, A. 2007. In vivo electroporation of DNA into the wing epidermis of the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana. Journal of Insect Science (Tuscon) 7 (53): 1-8. GOLDING, F.D. 1927. Notes on the food-plants and habits of some southern Nigerian insects. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 18, 95–99. GOLDING, F.D. 1947. Further notes on the food-plants of Nigerian Insects, VI. Bull. Ent. Research 38: 75-80. [Records for 3 Nymphalidae, 1 Lycaenidae and 1 Hesperiidae] *GOOCH, W.D. 1880. Notes on the Lepidoptera of Natal. Entomologist 13: 226-231, 273-276. *GOOCH, W.D. 1881. Notes on the Lepidoptera of Natal. Entomologist 14: 1-7, 35-40. GORBUNOV, O.G., & TUZOV, V.K. 1989. A contribution to the Rhopalocera (Lepidoptera) fauna of south-western Ethiopia. [in Russian] In: SOKOLOV, V.E. [Ed.]. Ecological and faunistic studies in south-western Ethiopia [in Russian] 1989: 1-326. Chapter pagination: 308-322. GORDON, I.J. 1982. Biology of Danaus chrysippus L. (Lepidoptera, Danaidae) and its mimics in Ghana. PhD thesis. University of Ghana, Acron. GORDON, I.J. 1984a. Mimicry, migration and speciation in Acraea encedon and A. encedana. Symposia of the Royal Entomological Society of London No. 11: 193-196. GORDON, I.J. 1984b. Polymorphism of the tropical butterfly, Danaus chrysippus L. in Africa. Heredity 53 (3): 583-593. *GORDON, I.J. 1987. Natural selection for rare and mimetic colour pattern combinations in wild populations of the diadem butterfly, Hypolimnas misippus L. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 31: 1-23. *GORDON, I.[J.] 1997a. Butterfly farming and forest conservation: a case study from the north coast of Kenya. Metamorphosis Occasional Supplement No.3: 140-141. GORDON, I.J. 1997b. Unusual citrus swallowtail behaviour. EANHS Bulletin 27 (1): 9. GORDON, I.J. 1998. A cross-species mating between the diadem butterfly and Trimen’s false Acraea: rape or female choice? EANHS Bulletin 28 (3): 11-12. GORDON, I.J. 2000. Another mating between the diadem butterfly and Trimen’s false Acraea. EANHS Bulletin 29 (1-2): 13. *GORDON, I.(J.), & AYIEMBA, W. 2003. Harnessing butterfly biodiversity for improving livelihoods and forest conservation: the Kipepeo Project. Journal of Environment & Development 20 (10): 1-17. [Kenya] *GORDON, I., & COBBLAH, M. 2000. Insects of the Muni-Pomadze Ramsar site. Biodiversity and Conservation 9 (4): 479-486. *GORDON, I.J., EDMUNDS, M., EDGAR, J.A., LAWRENCE, J. & SMITH, D.A.S. 2010. Linkage disequilibrium and natural selection for mimicry in the Batesian mimic Hypolimnas misippus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Afrotropics. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 100 (1): 180-194. *GORDON, I.J., IRERI, P. & SMITH, D.A.S. 2014. Hologenomic speciation: synergy between a male-killing bacterium and sex-linkage creates a ‘magic trait’ in a butterfly hybrid zone. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 111 (1): 92-109. [Danaus chrysippus] *GORDON, I.J., IRERI, P. & SMITH, D.A.S. 2014. Preference for isolated host plants facilitates invasion of Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) by a bacterial male-killer Spiroplasma. Austral Entomology 54 (2): 210-216. GORDON, I.J. & SMITH, D.A.S. 1989. Genetics of the mimetic African butterfly Hypolimnas misippus: hindwing polymorphism. Heredity 63 (3): 409-425. *GORDON, I.J., & SMITH, D.A.S. 1998. Body size and colour-pattern genetics in the polymorphic mimetic butterfly Hypolimnas misippus (L.). Heredity 80 (1): 62-69. GORDON, I.J., SMITH, D.A.S., DEPEW, L.A., & OWEN, C. 1999. Greek myths corroborate hybrid origin for male-killers in the African Queen butterfly, Danaus chrysippus. Linnean 15

82 (2): 24-26. GRANDIDIER, A. 1867. Description de quatre especes nouvelles de Lepidopteres decouvertes sur la cote sud-oust de Madagascar. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee 19: 272- 275. GRANDIDIER, A. [1885-1887]. Histoire naturelle des lepidopteres. Histoire, Physique Naturelle et Politique de Madagascar 18 [1887]: i-v, 1-364; 19 [1885]: 55 plates. GRANT, T.A. 1984. Lowland coastal forest butterflies of Tanzania. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society 43 No. 345: 163-167. GRAY, G.[R.] [1832]. In: GRIFFITH, E., The animal kingdom arranged in conformity of its organisation, by the Baron Cuvier, with additional descriptions of all the species named and of many not before noticed 15: 1-796. London. GRAY, G.R. [1853]. Catalogue of the lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Papilionidae. [iv], 1-84. London. GREATHEAD, H. 1984. A study of the butterflies on Barvale Farm in the eastern Transvaal. Redwing 1984: 29-31. GREI, E. 1986. Nylsvley’s new butterfly. Fauna and Flora (Pretoria) No. 44: 10-12. GREI, E. 1990. An annotated check-list of the butterflies, hawk moths (Sphingidae) and emperor moths (Saturniidae) of the Nylsvley Nature Reserve. Foundation for Research Development Occasional Report No. 47. *GREI, E. 1991. Butterfly bounty. Metamorphosis 2 (2): 6-7. *GREI, E. 1992. Venda revisited. Metamorphosis 3 (2): 71-72. GREY, P. 1995. The large white in South Africa. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 54 (403): 240. (Pieris brassicae). GREY, P.R. 1972. Summer butterflies in South Africa. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologist’s Society 31 (297): 117-123. GREY, P.R. 1975. Migration of the diadem butterfly. Bulletin of the Amateur Ent. Soc. 34 (308): 99-100. [Hypolimnas misippus] *GREYLING, J. 1984. Aantekeninge oor Uranothauma nubifer (Trimen). Metamorphosis 1 (10): 5-6. *GREYLING, J. 1992. Collecting in the northern Transvaal. Metamorphosis 3 (4): 133-135. *GRIESHUBER, J. & LAMAS, G. 2007. A synonomic list of the genus Colias Fabricius, 1807 – (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Mitteilungen Muenchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft 97: 131- 171. GRIESHUBER, J, WORTHY, R. & LAMAS, G. 2012. The genus Colias Fabricius, 1807. Jan Haugum's annotated catalogue of the Old World Colias (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Tshikolovets Publications, Pardubice: i-x, 1-438. *GROSE-SMITH, H. 1883a. Descriptions of three new species of Papilio. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 19: 234-235. *GROSE-SMITH, H. 1883b. Descriptions of three new species of Charaxes. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 20: 57-58. *GROSE-SMITH, H. 1885. Descriptions of two new species of butterflies. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 21: 247-248. *GROSE-SMITH, H. 1886. Description of two new species of Pieridae from Zanzibar. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 23: 32. *GROSE-SMITH, H. 1887a. Descriptions of nine new species of African butterflies. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 19: 62-66. *GROSE-SMITH, H. 1887b. Description of two new species of Danainae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 19: 369. *GROSE-SMITH, H. 1889. Descriptions of twenty-four new species of butterflies captured by Mr. Last in the neighbourhood of Mombasa, East Coast of Africa, in the collection of Mr. H.

83 Grose-Smith. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 3: 121-137. *GROSE-SMITH, H. 1890a. Descriptions of two new species of Acraea from Mombasa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 5: 167-168. *GROSE-SMITH, H. 1890b. Description of a new Papilio from the west coast of Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 5: 224. *GROSE-SMITH, H. 1890c. A list of the butterflies collected by Mr. William Bonny on the journey with Mr. Stanley from Yambuya on the Aruwimi River through the great forest of central Africa; with descriptions of nine new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1890: 463-473. *GROSE-SMITH, H. 1891a. Descriptions of ten new species of butterflies from the north-west coast of Madagascar, captured by Mr. J.T. Last, in the collection of Mr. H. Grose-Smith. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 7: 122-128. *GROSE-SMITH, H. 1891b. Descriptions of four new species of butterflies from south-west Madagascar, captured by Mr. J.T. Last, in the collection of H. Grose-Smith. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 8: 78-81. GROSE-SMITH, H. 1897-1902. Rhopalocera exotica, being illustrations of new, rare and unfigured species of butterflies 3: [iv], [1-214]. London. *GROSE-SMITH, H. 1898a. Descriptions of new species of African butterflies in the Tring Museum. Novitates Zoologicae 5: 350-358. *GROSE-SMITH, H. 1898b. Descriptions of three new species of African butterflies in his own collection. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 1: 245-246. *GROSE-SMITH, H. 1900. Descriptions of new African species of Acraeinae. Novitates Zoologicae 7: 544-547. GROSE-SMITH, H., & KIRBY, W.F. 1887-1892. . Rhopalocera exotica, being illustrations of new, rare and unfigured species of butterflies 1: x, [1-183]. London. GROSE-SMITH, H., & KIRBY, W.F. 1892-1897. . Rhopalocera exotica, being illustrations of new, rare and unfigured species of butterflies 2: [iv], [1-261]. London. GROTE, A.R. 1873. Description of a butterfly new to the Lower Lake Region. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences 1: 178-179. GROUPE DE RECHERCHES SUR LES EUPTERA ET PSEUDATHYMA. 2002. Revision des genres Euptera Staudinger et Pseudathyma Staudinger (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). African Butterfly Research Institute and Union des Entomologistes Belges, Nairobi and Tervuren, i-ii, 177 pp. [#book] GRUNBERG, K. 1907. Zwei neue Hesperiiden aus Deutsch-Ostafrika. (Lep.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1907: 577-578. GRUNBERG, K. 1908. Neue Lepidopteren aus Uganda. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1908: 50-62. GRUNBERG, K. 1910a. Zur Kenntnis der Lepidopteren-Fauna der Sesse-Innseln im Victoria- Nyanza. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1910: 146- 181. GRUNBERG, K. 1910b. Neue westafrikanische Lepidopteren. Gesammelt von Herrn Gunter Tessman in Sud-Kamerun und Spanisch-Guinea (Uellegebiet). Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1910: 469-480. GRUNBERG, K. 1910c. Lepidoptera. Denkschriften der Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 16: 91-146. GRUNBERG, K. 1910d. Eine Lepidopteren-Ausbeuk vom Kiwu-See. Societas Entomologica 24: 145-148. *GRUNBERG, K. 1911. Zur kenntnis der Lepidopteren fauna von Deutsch Südwest Afrika. Entomologische Zeitung 72: 377-382. GRUNBERG, K. 1912. Rhopalocera in Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-

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85 HAIG, E.F.G. 1937. The butterflies of Nigeria III. Danaididae. Nigerian Field 6: 71-76. [Danainae] HAIG, E.F.G. 1938a. The butterflies of Nigeria IV. Nymphalidae. Nigerian Field 7: 41-42. HAIG, E.F.G. 1938b. The butterflies of Nigeria V. Nymphalidae: Charaxidinae. Nigerian Field 7: 61-80. HAINSWORTH, F.R., PRECUP, E., & HAMILL, T. 1991. Feeding, energy processing rates and egg production in painted lady butterflies. Journal of Experimental Biology 156: 249-265. HALDANE, L.A. 1956. Butterflies of the Njombe Highlands. Tanganyika Notes and Records pp. 31-40. HALDANE, L.A. 1969. Notes on some butterflies of the Ngara district of Tanzania with a list of those recorded. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society and National Museum 27: 211-214. HALE CARPENTER, G.D. See CARPENTER, G.D.H. *HALL, A. 1917. New butterflies of the family Nymphalidae. Entomologist 50: 161-163; 171-174. *HALL, A. 1919. Descriptions of twelve new Nymphaline butterflies. Entomologist 52: 195-200. HALL, A. 1929. New forms of Nymphalidae (Rhopalocera) in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. Entomologist 62: 130-134. HALL, A. 1930a. New forms of Nymphalidae (Rhopalocera) in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. Entomologist 63: 156-160. HALL, A. 1930b. New forms of tropical Rhopalocera. Entomologist 63: 278-279. HALL, A. 1935. New forms of Nymphalinae and Ithomiinae. Entomologist 68: 221-227. HALL, S.K., & LIGHTOWLER, M. 1998. Notes on the captive rearing of Pharmacophagus antenor from Madagascar (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae: Troidini). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 9 (1): 1-3. *HAMPSON, G.F. 1891. Lepidoptera from the Sabaki River, East Africa, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 7: 179-184. HANCOCK, D.L. 1979. Systematic notes on three species of African Papilionidae (Lepidoptera). Arnoldia (Rhodesia) 8 (33): 1-6. HANCOCK, D.L. 1982. Butterflies of the Mana Pools area. The Zimbabwe Science News 16: 88- 89. HANCOCK, D.L. 1983. Classification of the Papilionidae (Lepidoptera): a phylogenetic approach. Smithersia 2: 1-48. HANCOCK, D.L. 1984a. A review of the genus Euptera Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9 (11): 165-179. HANCOCK, D.L. 1984b. The Princeps nireus group of swallowtails (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography. Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9 (12): 181-215. HANCOCK, D.L. 1985a. The type specimens of Lepidoptera described by R.H.R. Stevenson. Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9 (16): 239-250. [Lepidochrysops glauca swinburnei] HANCOCK, D.L. 1985b. Notes on some pierid butterflies (Lepidoptera) recorded from Zimbabwe. Transactions of the Zimbabwe Scientific Association 63 (1): 1-7. HANCOCK, D.L. 1985c. Systematic notes on some African species of Graphium Scopoli. Papilio International 2 (1-2): 97-103. HANCOCK, D.L. 1985d. A note on the status of Graphium almansor wranghami Kielland 1978. Papilio International 2 (2-4): 126. HANCOCK, D.L. 1986. The status of Graphium nigrescens (Eimer 1889). Papilio International 3 (1-2): 173-176. HANCOCK, D.L. 1987a. A new subspecies of Princeps echerioides (Trimen, 1863) from Malawi. Papilio International 3 (3): 193-195. *HANCOCK, D.L. 1987b. The identity of Cyclopides paola Plőtz (Hesperiidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 41 (1): 41-44.

86 HANCOCK, D.L. 1988. The Princeps zenobia group. Papilio International 5 (1): 295-310. [= Papilio] HANCOCK, D.L. 1989. The Princeps cynorta group. Papilio International 5 (3): 363-374. [= Papilio] HANCOCK, D.L. 1990. Taxonomic notes on the genus Euryphura Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9 (34): 463-467. *HANCOCK, D.L. 1992. The Bebearia mardania complex (Nymphalidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 46 (1): 54-69. HANCOCK, D.L. 1993. Origins and evolution of the Afrotropical Papilionidae (Lepidoptera). Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9 (40): 557-583. *HANCOCK, D.L. 2002. Further notes on the genus Euryphura Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Metamorphosis 13 (1): 28-34. *HANCOCK, D.L. 2006a. Notes on the Afrotropical species of Graphium Scopoli (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Metamorphosis 17 (1): 6-19. *HANCOCK, D.L. 2006b. The female of Iolaus coelestis Bethune-Baker, 1926 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 17 (2): 46-49. HANCOCK, D.L. 2007. Phylogeny of the troidine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) revisited: are the red-bodied swallowtails monophyletic? Australian Entomologist 34 (2): 33-42. [Pharmacophagus] HANCOCK, D.L., & GARDINER, A.J. 1982. The Kedestes nerva group of species (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9 (8): 105-123. HANCOCK, D.L., & HEATH, A. 1985. A new species of Mylothris Hübner from Zambia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9 (15): 231-237. *HANCOCK, D.L., & HEATH, A. 1988. The subspecies of Acraea johnstoni Godman (Lep.: Nymphalidae). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 100 (5-6): 137-140. *HANCOCK, E.G., BROADSMITH-BROWN, G., DOUGLAS, A.S. & VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 2008. William Hunter’s Museum and discovery of the Madagascan pipevine swallowtail butterfly, Pharmacophagus antenor (Drury, 1773). Antenna 32 (1): 10-17. HANMER, D.B. 1984. Fauna and flora records - birds and butterflies. Nyala 10 (1): 45-51. [Papilio phorcas; additional records for Malawi] *HANRAHAN, S. 1993. Swarming of Vanessa cardui in Namaqualand. Metamorphosis 4 (3): 130. HARDESTY, R.L. 1987. Roosting behavior in adult Vanessa cardui. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 41 (2): 116-117. [Nymphalidae, Nymphalinae] HARGREAVES, H. 1932. Annual Report of the Government Entomologist. Annual Report of the Department of Agriculture of Uganda, 1931(ii), 43–47. HARGREAVES, H. 1939. Notes on some pests of maize and millets in Uganda. East African Agricultural Journal, 5, 104–109. HARPER, M.C., LEWIS, O.T., & WILSON, R.J. 1996. Comoro Islands Butterfly Survey 1994 Final Report. Univerity of Leeds, Leeds. 1996: 1-40, 1-20. [#book] HARRISON-SMITH, P., & LARSEN, T.B. 1975. The salmon Arab. Aramco World Magazine 25 (5): 58-60. HASHIMOTO, K., & YATA, O. 2007. Comparison of microstructure of pheromone transfer particles (PTPs) in the genus Tirumala (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Danainae). Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan 58 (2): 177-182. HASHIMOTO, K., & YATA, O. 2008a. A comparative morphological study of the genus Tirumala based on the male genitalia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Daninae [Danainae]). Butterflies 50: 13-18. HASHIMOTO, K., & YATA, O. 2008b. Comparative morphological study in the genus Tirumala (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Danainae): sexual isolation and PTPs. Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan 59 (4): 305-311.

87 HASSAN, S.S.M., IDRIS, E. & MAJERUS, M.E.N. 2012. Male-killer dynamics in Danaus chrysippus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in East Africa. African Journal of Ecology 50(4): 489-499. Abstract: Within certain regions in East Africa, the butterfly Danaus chrysippus (L.) shows female-biased population sex ratio, because of the production by some females of all-female broods, as a result of infection by maternally inherited, male- killing bacterium of the genus Spiroplasma. In this study, we describe a 3-year field survey for the population dynamics of the male-killing Spiroplasma in D.chrysippus in four independent localities, namely Uganda, Ghana, Sudan and Madagascar. The prevalence of the bacterium was found to show extensive variations at multiple scales among different sites, in various countries, seasons and years. A novel, selection-based hypothesis was suggested to explain the high variability of male-killer prevalence over space and time, based on the existence of an adaptive link between larval food-plant density and the magnitude of resource reallocation fitness advantage for the male-killer. *HASSAN, S.S.M., IDRIS, E. & MAJERUS, M.E.N. 2013. Is it just a coincidence that aposematic polymorphism and sex ratio distortion co-occur in a tropical butterfly? Evolutionary Ecology Research 15 (1): 93-102. Abstract: Background: The cosmopolitan butterfly Danaus chrysippus is polymorphic only within the geographic zone where it is infected by the male-killing bacterium Spiroplasma. Hypothesis: The different colour forms of D. chrysippus represent incipient species that have undergone hybridization as a result of Spiroplasma invasion, because many females of the frequently infected forms are forced to mate with the males of the less infected forms. Prediction: Some forms are more susceptible to Spiroplasma infection than others. Times and places: Uganda and Sudan during 2005, 2006, and 2007. Analytical method: We collected D. chrysippus butterflies in the wild. We recorded their colour pattern and sex. We then used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine whether they were infected with Spiroplasma. We estimated the morph ratio, the sex ratio, and the prevalence of Spiroplasma in different populations and regions. The association between colour pattern and Spiroplasma infection was subjected to statistical analysis. Conclusion: We found no significant difference in the sex ratio or the prevalence of Spiroplasma between different forms. Colour forms do not vary in their susceptibility to Spiroplasma infection. *HASSAN, S.S.M., IDRIS, E. & MAJERUS, M.E.N. 2013. Morph ratio dynamics under male- killer invasion: the case of the tropical butterfly Acraea encedon (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 23 (1): 14-21. *HASSAN, S.S.M., IDRIS, E. & MAJERUS, M.E.N. 2014. Reassessment of sex role-reversal hypothesis in the tropical butterfly Acraea encedon (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Journal of Insect Behavior 27 (1): 14-26. HAWKER-SMITH, W. 1926. Some new Lycaenidae in the Congo Museum. Revue Zoologique Africaine 14: 237-241. HAWKER-SMITH, W. 1928a. A new African Lycaenidae. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 3: 30-31. HAWKER-SMITH, W. 1928b. New forms of Lycaenidae in the Musee du Congo Belge at Tervuren. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 16: 214-216. HAWKER-SMITH, W. 1929a. [Rhopalocera collected in the region of the Haute Volta, French West Africa]. Lycaenidae. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 3: 225-230. HAWKER-SMITH, W. 1929b. A new species of African Lycaenidae. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 3: 234. HAWKER-SMITH, W. 1933. New species and races of Lipteninae (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Stylops 2: 1-12. HEATH, A. 1977. Early stages of a remarkable species of African Pieridae. Arnoldia Zimbabwe 8 (16): 1-3. HEATH, A. 1983. Some new and little known Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera) from Zambia. Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9 (10): 145-164. HEATH, A. 1985. Revision of three Iolaus subgenera and descriptions of two new species Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera) from Zambia. Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9 (18): 257-266. *HEATH, A. 1987. Three years in South Africa. Metamorphosis 1 (20): 5. *HEATH, A. 1988. Endymion sleeps again. Metamorphosis 1 (23): 2-3. *HEATH A. 1990. Conservation & collecting butterflies in conservation areas – a personal viewpoint. Metamorphosis 1 (25): 2-3. *HEATH, A. 1991. ‘Bug addicts anonymous’. Metamorphosis 2 (3): 17-18. *HEATH A. 1994a. Revision of the status of a subspecies of Thestor montanus; raising Thestor

88 montaunus pictus to full specific rank as Thestor pictus. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 146. *HEATH A. 1994b. Description of a new species of Thestor Hubner. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 146-147. *HEATH A. 1994c. A new subspecies of Poecilmitis uranus. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 225-226. *HEATH, A. 1994d. A note on the homonymy of a Zambian butterfly (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae - Iolaus). Metamorphosis 5 (1): 31. *HEATH, A. 1995. [Letter to the editor]. Metamorphosis 6 (4): 199. (Oxychaeta [Chrysoritis] dicksoni; status of populations). *HEATH, A. 1996. Drama on the Kamanassie. Metamorphosis 7 (1): 37-38. *HEATH, A. 1997a. Description of a new species of Orachrysops Vári from the Western Cape Province of South Africa (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 8 (1): 26-32. *HEATH, A. 1997b. A review of African genera of the tribe Aphnaeini (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis Occasional Supplement No. 2, 60pp. *HEATH, A. 1997c. Myrmecophily and the male genitalia of African Lycaenidae: a preliminary discussion. Metamorphosis Occasional Supplement No.3: 89-97. *HEATH, A. 1998. Further aspects on the life history of the myrmecophilous species Chrysoritis dicksoni (Gabriel), (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 9 (4): 160-172. *HEATH, A. 2000. Citrus swallowtail Papilio demodocus Esper, in the garden and behaving strangely. Metamorphosis 11 (1): 20. *HEATH, A. 2001. New synonymies and taxonomic notes on the genus Chrysoritis Butler (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 12 (3): 85-98. *HEATH, A. 2005. Chrysoritis review [Letter to the Editor]. Metamorphosis 16 (3): 87. *HEATH, A. 2011. Taxonomic issues between Chrysoritis lyndseyae (S.F. Henning) stat. rev. and C. thysbe bamptoni (Dickson) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeini). Metamorphosis 22 (3- 4): 97-101. Abstract: Chrysoritis lyndseyae (S.F. Henning, 1979) is here reinstated as a valid species (stat. rev.). Previously synonymized with C. thysbe bamptoni (Dickson, 1976) by Heath (2001), it is shown to differ from that taxon by the wing phenotype of the majority of specimens, as well as by virtue of its male patrolling behaviour. These differences are further supported by provisional molecular evidence. Both of these taxa as well as C. perseus (W.H. Henning, 1977) occur together in some localities and they are now known to share the same foodplants and ant-associate. Most specimens are readily identified as one of these three, but some material cannot be separated on morphological grounds with certainty. No difference in UV reflectance has been detected between the three taxa; this together with the other morphological similarities suggests that mate recognition between sympatric populations might rely heavily on pheromones. Typical and intermediate specimens of lyndseyae and bamptoni are illustrated; also juvenile stages of the former. *HEATH, A. 2014. Uncovering secrets of the ‘cuckoo’ species Chrysoritis dicksoni (Gabriel, 1947), a social parasite of Crematogaster ants: A summary to end of the 20th century with current conclusions. Metamorphosis 25: 5-10. *HEATH, A., & BALL, J.B. 1992. A new species of Poecilmitis Butler (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the Cape Province, South Africa. Metamorphosis 3 (3): 86-88. *HEATH, A., & BRINKMAN, A.K. 1995a. Letter to the Editor – Summary of the third meeting of Western Cape members. Metamorphosis 6 (2): 105-106. *HEATH, A., & BRINKMAN, A.K. 1995b. Aspects of the life history, distribution and population fluctuations of Oxychaeta dicksoni (Gabriel) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 6 (3): 117-127. *HEATH, A., & BRINKMAN, A.K. 1996. Notes on the early stages of Argyrocupha malagrida maryae (Wallengren) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 6 (4): 167-173. *HEATH, A., & CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 2000. New observations of ant associations and life history adaptations (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in South Africa. Metamorphosis 11 (1): 3-19. *HEATH, A., & CLAASSENS, A.J.M. 2003. Ant-association among southern African Lycaenidae. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 57 (1): 1-16.

89 *HEATH, A. & FISHER, C.W.S. 2010. Notes on the life histories of Chrysoritis Butler, Aloeides Hubner and Trimenia Tite & Dickson (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeini). Metamorphosis 21 (3): 110-119. [Aloeides macmasteri, Chrysoritis midas, Chrysoritis thysbe whitei, Trimenia argyroplaga argyroplaga, Trimenia macmasteri macmasteri; South Africa] *HEATH, A. & FISHER, S. 2016. Life history observations of the myrmecophilous lycaenid butterfly Argyraspodes argyraspis (Trimen, 1873) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeinae), with notes on ant behaviours and interactions and comparisons with allied species. Metamorphosis 27: 82-89. *HEATH, A. & GARDINER, A. 2009. Addendum to Heath et al., 2008: Oviposition behaviour and foodplant observations. Metamorphosis 20 (1): 8-10. [Aloeides damarensis, Aloeides molomo coalescens, Aloeides simplex, Chrysoritis thysbe osbecki, Chrysoritis perseus, Chrysoritis thysbe psyche] *HEATH, A. & KALISZEWSKA, Z.A. 2013. Further life history observations in the myrmecophilous genus Chrysoritis Butler, plus notes on dwarfism in reared specimens. Metamorphosis 23: 16-21. [Chrysoritis pelion, C. irene, C. natalensis] *HEATH, A., McLEOD, L., KALISZEWSKA, Z.A., FISHER, C.W.S. & CORNWALL, M. 2008. Field notes including a summary of trophic and ant-associations for the butterfly genera Chrysoritis Butler, Aloeides Hübner and Thestor Hübner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from South Afirca. Metamorphosis 19 (3): 127-148. HEATH, A., NEWPORT, M.A., & HANCOCK, D. 2002. The butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa. i-xvii, 1-137. [#book] *HEATH, A., & PRINGLE, E.L. 2004. A review of the southern African genus Thestor Huebner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Miletinae). Metamorphosis 15 (3): 91-151. *HEATH, A. & PRINGLE, E.L. 2007. Biological observations and a taxonomic review based on morphological characters in the myrmecophilous genus Chrysoritis Butler (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeini). Metamorphosis 18 (1): 2-44. *HEATH, A. & PRINGLE, E.L. 2011. Taxonomic notes on the tribe Aphnaeini and genus Thestor Hubner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) arising from D'Abrera (2009). Metamorphosis 22 (1): 2- 11. Abstract: In response to taxonomic changes proposed in D'Abrera (2009), Chrysoritis zeuxo cottrelli (Dickson, 1975) stat. rev. and C. swanepoeli hyperion (Dickson, 1975) stat. rev. are reinstated as valid subspecies. Various instances where D'Abrera (2009) has changed, failed to mention or overlooked extant taxonomy in the tribe Aphnaeini and the miletine genus Thestor Hubner, (1819) are noted and discussed. *HEATH, A. & ZIELSKE, J.F. 2015. Preliminary observations on the life history and behaviour of the enigmatic lycaenid ‘Warrior Silver-spotted Copper’ Argyraspodes argyraspis (Trimen, 1873), with detailed descriptions and illustrations of the egg and first instar larva. Metamorphosis 26: 97-101. HECQ, J. 1974a. Trois especes du genre Euphaedra Hubner (lepidopteres nymphalides africains), 1. Lambillionea 72-73 (11-12): 83-89. HECQ, J. 1974b. Deux especes d’ Euphaedra (lepidopteres nymphalides africains), 2. Lambillionea 74 (1-2): 7-13. HECQ, J. 1974c. Deux especes d’ Euphaedra (lepidopteres nymphalides) du Graben Africain. Lambillionea 74 (3-4): 25-31. HECQ, J. 1974d. Deux especes d’ Euphaedra Hubner (lepidopteres nymphalides africains). Note 4. Lambillionea 74 (5-6): 40-44. HECQ, J. 1974e. Euphaedra xypete Hew. (lepidopteres nymphalides africain). Note no. 5. Lambillionea 74 (9-10): 73-78. HECQ, J. 1975a. Papilio maesseni Berger au Togo. Lambillionea 75 (1-2): 15-16. HECQ, J. 1975b. Une nouvelle espece d’ Euphaedra (lepidoptere nymphalide africain). Note no. 6. Lambillionea 75 (7-8): 51-53. HECQ, J. 1975c. Le complexe Colotis eucharis F. (Lepidopt. Pieridae). Lambillionea 75 (volume

90 jubilaire): 4-10. HECQ, J. 1976a. Remarques sur des especes connues d’Euphaedra (lepidopteres, nymphalides africains). Synonymie, anterorite, position taxonomique. Note no. 7. Lambillionea 76 (1-2): 3-9. HECQ, J. 1976b. Essai de classification du genre Euphaedra Hbn. (Lepid. Nymph. Afric.). Lambillionea 76 (5-6): 38-48. HECQ, J. 1976c. Essai de classification du genre Euphaedra Hbn. (Lepid. Nymph. Afric.). (Suite et fin). Lambillionea 76 (7-8): 53-63. HECQ, J. 1976d. Étude des Euphaedra du groupe ceres F. (Lepid. Nymph. afr.). Première approche: exemples de ‘variabilité’ des espèces. Lambillionea 76 (11-12): 86-93. HECQ, J. 1976e. Une nouvelle espèce d’Euphaedra (Lep. Nymphalidae). Note no. 8. Lambillionea 76 (9-10): 82-84. [Euphaedra aubergeri; Ivory Coast] HECQ, J. 1977a. Étude des Euphaedra du groupe ceres F. (Lepid. Nymph. afr.). Première approche: exemples de ‘variabilité’ des espèces. Note no. 9 (suite et fin). Lambillionea 77 (1-2): 5-12. [Euphaedra fontainei; DRC] HECQ, J. 1977b. Trois nouvelles espèce d’Euphaedra (Lépid. Nymph. afr.). Note no. 10. Lambillionea 77 (7-8): 51-56. [E. brevis, Cameroon; E. acuta, Nigeria; E. ducarmei, DRC] HECQ, J. 1977c. Lépidoptères Nymphalidae du Mont Kenya. Rapport scientifique de la bio- expédition belge au Mt. Kenya, no. 2. Revue Zool. afr. 91 (2): 445-448. [Nymphalidae; faunal list, Mount Kenya] HECQ, J. 1978a. Euphaedra losinga et Euphaedra wardi? (lepidopt. Nymph. Afr.) Note no. 12. Lambillionea 78 (1-2): 2-5. HECQ, J. 1978b. Cle de determination des Euphaedra (Nymph. afr.) du groupe eleus Drury. Note 13. Lambillionea 78 (7-8): 60-64. HECQ, J. 1978c. Une nouvelle espece d’Euphaedra. Note no 11. Lambillionea 77 (9-10): 69-71. HECQ, J. 1979a. Etude des Euphaedra (Nymphal., africains). Note 14. E. ceres F. et E. inanum Butler. Lambillionea 78 (9-10): 70-74. HECQ, J. 1979b. Etude des Euphaedra (Nymphalidae africains). Note 15. Trois especes du groupe themis Hbn. Lambillionea 79 (3-4): 21-26. HECQ, J. 1979c. Etude des Euphaedra Cles de determination des sous-genres Euphaedra Hb. et Radia Hecq. Lambillionea 79 (3-4): 31-32. HECQ, J. 1979d. Etude des Euphaedra. Cle de determination du sous-genre Proteuphaedra Hecq. Lambillionea 79 (5-6): 47-48. HECQ, J. 1980a. Etude des Euphaedra. Cie de determination du groupe spatiosa Mab. s.g. Euphaedrana Hecq. Lambillionea 79 (11-12): 96-97. HECQ, J. 1980b. Etude des Euphaedra. Note no. 18. Especes et sous-especes nouvelles du s.g. Xypetana Hecq. Lambillionea 80 (3-4): 21-24. HECQ, J. 1980c. Etude des Euphaedra (Nymph. afr.). Cle pour la determination du sous-genre Xypetana Hecq. Lambillionea 80 (3-4): 24-28. HECQ, J. 1980d. Etude des Euphaedra Note no. 19. Lambillionea 80 (5-6): 38-39. HECQ, J. 1980e. Etude des Euphaedra (Nymp. Afr.) Note no. 16 Deux nouvelles especes du groupe ceres. Lambillionea 80 (7-8): 62-64. HECQ, J. 1980f. Etudes des Euphaedra (Lepid. Nymph. afr.) Note no. 17. Trois nouvelles especes du sous-genre Euphaedrana Hecq groupe eleus Dr. Lambillionea 80 (9-10): 76-80. HECQ, J. 1981a. Etude des Euphaedra (Nymph. Afric.). Note no. 21. Le sous-genre Medoniana Hecq. Lambillionea 81 (5-6): 34-36. HECQ, J. 1981b. Etude des Euphaedra Note no. 20. Especes nouvelles du sous-genre Gausapia Hecq. Lambillionea 81 (7-10): 54-60. HECQ, J. 1981c. Remarques sur des Pieridae africains Colotis Hb. Et Pinacopteryx Wall. Lambillionea 81 (7-10): 78-79.

91 HECQ, J. 1982a. Etude des Euphaedra (Nymp. Afric.). Note No 22. Monographie du groupe themis Hubn. (sous-genre Euphaedrana Hecq). Lambillionea 82 (3-4): 25-32. HECQ, J. 1982b. Etude des Euphaedra (Nymp. Afric.). Note No 22 (suite). Monographie du groupe themis Hubn. (Sous-genre Euphaedrana Hecq). Lambillionea 82 (5-6): 44-48. HECQ, J. 1982c. Etude des Euphaedra (Nymp. Afric.). Note No 22 (suite). Monographie du groupe themis Hubn. (sous-genre Euphaedrana Hecq). Lambillionea 82 (7-8): 50-53. HECQ, J. 1983a. Une nouvelle espece d’Euphaedra (Nymp. Afr.). Note No 23. Lambillionea 83 (1-4): 13-14. HECQ, J. 1983b. Etude des Euphaedra (Nymphalidae africains). Note No 24. Monographie du groupe ceres F. (sous genre Euphaedrana Hecq). Lambillionea 83 (5-6): 40-48. HECQ, J. 1983c. Etude des Euphaedra (Nymphalidae africains). Note No 24. Monographie du groupe ceres F. (sous genre Euphaedrana Hecq). (suite et fin). Lambillionea 83 (7-8): 51-62. HECQ, J. 1984a. Une nouvelle espece de Charaxes au Zaire Ch. boueti Feisthamel 1850. Lambillionea 84 (1-2): 3-5. HECQ, J. 1984b. Etude des Euphaedra (Nymphalidae africains). Monographie du groupe preussi (s.g. Euphaedrana Hecq. Lambillionea 84 (1-2): 9-16. HECQ, J. 1984c. Etude des Euphaedra (Nymphalidae africains) Monographie du groupe preussi (s.g. Euphaedrana Hecq), suite et fin. (Note No. 25). Lambillionea 84 (3-4): 23-28. HECQ, J. 1985. Etude des Euphaedra (Nymphalidae africains) Euphaedra neophron Hop. et remarques diverses (Note 26). Lambillionea 85 (1-4): 7-15. HECQ, J. 1986a. Etude des Euphaedra (Nymph. afr.). Especes et sous-especes nouvelles. Lambillionea 86 (3-4): 39-42. HECQ, J. 1986b. Essai de classification des Euphaedra (Nymphalidae africains). Lambillionea 86 (5-6): 53-61. HECQ, J. 1987a. Etude des Euphaedra. Euphaedra morini Hecq et ses sous-especes. Lambillionea 87 (1-2): 3-4. HECQ, J. 1987b. Quelques remarques sur les Euphaedra (note no 30). Lambillionea 87 (1-2): 8. HECQ, J. 1987c. Une nouvelle espece d’Hypolymnas [Hypolimnas] Hűbner (Nymphalidae africain). Lambillionea 87 (3-4): 26-28. HECQ, J. 1987d. Revision du genre Bebearia (Nymph. Afric.). Note no. 1. Le groupe ‘flaminia’ Stgr. Lambillionea 87 (5-6): 62-64. HECQ, J. 1987e. Nymphalides rares du Zaire et au Rwanda. Lambillionea 87 (5-6): 73-74. HECQ, J. 1987f. Nouvelles formes d’Euphaedra. Lambillionea 87 (9-10): 103-105. HECQ, J. 1987g. Formes nouvelles d’Euriphene. Lambillionea 87 (9-10): 111-113. HECQ, J. 1987h. Elements de classification des Hypolimnas (Nymphalidae, Lepidoptera). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Belge d’Entomologie 123 (7-9): 203-210. HECQ, J. 1988a. Revision du genre Bebearia. Etude des especes a femelles catuniformes. Lambillionea 88 (1-2): 27-32. HECQ, J. 1988b. Elements de classification du genre Bebearia Hemming (Lepidop. Nymphal. afr.). Lambillionea 88 (3-4): 53-58. HECQ, J. 1988c. Etude des Bebearia (nymphalides africains) (note no5). Sous-genre Bebearia Hemming groupe flaminia (suite). Lambillionea 88 (5-6): 83-87. HECQ, J. 1988d. Etude des Bebearia (Note No 4). Sous-genre Apectinaria Hecq groupe mardania. Lambillionea 88 (7-8): 119-124. HECQ, J. 1988e. Nouvelles formes d’Euphaedra. Lambillionea 88 (9-10): 144-145. HECQ, J. 1988f. Rhopaloceres interessants captures au Nigeria et description de la femelle de Pseudacraea annakae Knoop. Lambillionea 88 (9-10): 150-151. HECQ, J. 1988g. Remarques sur les Catuna du groupe crithea Dr. (Lepidopt. Nymph.). Lambillionea 88 (9-10): 151-152. HECQ, J. 1989a. Etude des Bebearia (Note no. 6). Les groupes du sous-genre Apectinaria Hecq

92 (fin). Lambillionea 89 (1-2): 16-20. HECQ, J. 1989b. Etude des Bebearia (Note no. 6). Sous-genre Bebearia Hemming groupe brunhilda Kby. Lambillionea 89 (5-6): 56-61. HECQ, J. 1989c. Une nouvelle espece d’Euphaedra. Lambillionea 89 (5-6): 67-68. HECQ, J. 1989d. Etude des Bebearia (Note No. 7). Sous-genre Bebearia Hemming groupe Severini Aur. Lambillionea 89 (7-8): 69-73. HECQ, J. 1989e. Etude des Bebearia (Note no. 8). Sous-genre Bebearia Hemming groupe cutteri Hewitson (premiere partie). Lambillionea 89 (9-12): 104-107. HECQ, J. 1989f. Etude des Bebearia (Note no. 9). Sous-genre Bebearia Hemming groupe cutteri Hewitson (deuxieme partie). Lambillionea 89 (9-12): 111-114. HECQ, J. 1990a. Les Bebearia (Nymphalidae africains). Revue d'Entomologie Generale No. 1: 1- 46. [#book] HECQ, J. 1990b. Une nouvelle sous-espece de Pseudacraea au Zaire (Lep. Nymph. afr.). Lambillionea 90 (1): 28-29. HECQ, J. 1990c. Quatre nouvelles especes d'Euryphura (Nymphalidae, africains). Lambillionea 90 (2): 35-38. HECQ, J. 1990d. Deux nouvelles especes de Pseudathyma (Lep. nymph. afr.). Lambillionea 90 (2): 39-41. HECQ, J. 1990e. Le statut taxonomique d'Euphaedra harpalyce Cramer et d'Euphaedra spatiosa Mabille (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 90 (3): 34. HECQ, J. 1990f. Une nouvelle sous-espece d'Euphaedra harpalyce au Rwanda (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 90 (3): 35-36. HECQ, J. 1991a. Nouvelle espece d'Euphaedra (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 91 (1): 28-29. HECQ, J. 1991b. Nouvelles formes d'Euphaedra (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 91 (3): 195-202. HECQ, J. 1991c. Les Pseudacraea (Nymphalidae africains). Revue d'Entomologie Generale No. 5: 1-36. [#book] HECQ, J. 1992a. Euryphura et Euryphurana (Nymphalidae, africains). Revue d'Entomologique Generale 6: 1-26. [#book] HECQ, J. 1992b. Nouvelle forme de Pseudacraea. Lambillionea 92 (1): 46. HECQ, J. 1992c. Nouvelle sous-espece d'Euphaedra. Lambillionea 92 (1): 46-47. HECQ, J. 1992d. Nouvelle espece d'Euphaedra (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Note no. 37. Lambillionea 92 (3): 227-228. HECQ, J. 1992e. Remarques sur le genre Bebearia Hemming sous-genre Apectinaria Hecq (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 92 (4): 347. HECQ, J. 1993a. Une nouvelle espece d'Euphaedra (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 93 (2) (Tome II): 246-247. HECQ, J. 1993b. Une nouvelle espece de Bebearia (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 93 (2) (Tome II): 247-248. HECQ, J. 1993c. Quatre nouvelles especes d'Euphaedra "rouges". (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 93 (4) (Tome II): 450-454. HECQ, J. 1994a. Bebearia amieti n. sp. et description du male de Bebearia raeveli Hecq (lepidopteres Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 94 (1) (Tome I): 19-22. HECQ, J. 1994b. Trois nouvelles especes de Bebearia (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 94 (3) (Tome I): 359-361. HECQ, J. 1994c. Etude du complexe Colotis eucharis F. Colotis dissociatus Butler, bona species (Lepidoptera Pieridae). Lambillionea 94 (3) (Tome II): 436. HECQ, J. 1994d. Remarques sur quelques especes de Nymphalidae Africains des genres Euphaedra, Bebearia et Euriphene. Lambillionea 94 (3) (Tome II): 437-439.

93 HECQ, J. 1994e. Euriphene (Nymphalidae africains). Revue d'Entomologique Generale 8: 1-62. [#book] HECQ, J. 1995a. Nouvelles especes et sous-especes d'Euphaedra du Nigeria (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 95 (1) (Tome II): 106-110. HECQ, J. 1995b. Une nouvelle sous-espece d'Euriphene. Lambillionea 95 (1) (TomeII): 110. HECQ, J. 1996a. Nouvelles especes, sous-especes et formes d'Euphaedra (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 126-128. HECQ, J. 1996b. A propos d'Euryphura et d'Euriphene (Nymphalidae africains). Lambillionea 96 (1) (TomeI): 147-148. HECQ, J. 1996c. [Information on Bebearia of the tentyris Hew. group (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae).] Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome II): 215-218. HECQ, J. 1997a. [Five species of Bebearia with Euphaedra-like females (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae africains).] Lambillionea 97 (1): 41-43. HECQ, J. 1997b. Euphaedra. Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren: 1-117. [#book] HECQ, J. 1997c. [A new species of Leptosia (Lepidoptera, Pieridae)]. Lambillionea 97 (4) (Tome I): 482-484. HECQ, J. 1997d. [Study of the genus Euriphene - new taxa (Lep. Nymphalidae).] Lambillionea 97 (4): 521-522. HECQ, J. 1998a. [Study of Bebearia. Revision of the maximiana/flamiana complex (Lep. Nymphalidae).] Lambillionea 98 (1) (Tome II): 142-152. HECQ, J. 1998b. [Information on some species and forms of Euphaedra from Uganda (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae).] Lambillionea 98 (3) (Tome I): 386-390. HECQ, J. 1998c. [Information on Euriphene amieti Collins and Larsen 1997 (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae).] Lambillionea 98 (4) (Tome II): 612 and (Tome III): 665. HECQ, J. 1998d. [A new species of Bebearia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae).] Entomologia Africana 3 (2): 28-29; 39-40. HECQ, J. 1999a. A propos de Graphium policenes; nouveau taxon (Lepidoptera Papilionidae). Lambillionea 99 (4): 517-518. HECQ, J. 1999b. Amauris schubotzi ssp. de A. hyalites. Description de la femelle (Lepidoptera Danaidae). Lambillionea 99 (4): 519-520. HECQ, J. 1999c. Butterflies of the world. Part 4. Nymphalidae: 3 Euphaedra. Nymphalidae, Limenitinae, Euthaliini. Hillside Books, Canterbury. 1999: 1-9, 1-6. [#book] HECQ, J. 2000a. [Faunal study in the national parks of the northern Central African Republic: partim: entomology, Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera. - 2.] Lambillionea 100 (1) (Tome I): 69-74. HECQ, J. 2000b. Une nouvelle espece d’Euphaedra de Guinee Equatoriale (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 100 (3) (Tome I): 413-414. HECQ, J. 2000c. Une nouvelle espece de Bebearia (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 100 (4): 531-532. HECQ, J. 2000d. Butterflies of the world. Part 9, Nymphalidae IV Bebearia. Goecke & Evers, Keltern. 7 pp.; plates 1-32. [#book] HECQ, J. 2001a. Quatre entites specifiques sous le vocable “Mylothris ruandana Strand”? (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Lambillionea 101 (1) (Tome I): 74-76. HECQ, J. 2001b. Une nouvelle espece de Bebearia? (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 101 (1) (Tome I): 77. HECQ, J. 2001c. Description de la femelle de Bebearia warrengashi Hecq (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 101 (1) (Tome I): 78. HECQ, J. 2001d. Nouvelle espece d’Euphaedra d’Afrique equatoriale (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 101 (2): 225-226. HECQ, J. 2001e. Une nouvelle espece de Bebearia du Congo-Kinshasa (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 101 (2) (Tome I): 227.

94 HECQ, J. 2001f. Euphaedras d’Uganda: mise au point et rectifications (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 101 (4) (Tome I): 542-549. HECQ, J. 2002a. Bebearia cutteri Hewitson: sous-especes, formes et espece voisine (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 102 (2): 202-206. HECQ, J. 2002b. Butterflies of the world. Pt. 15, Nymphalidae, VI, Euriphene. Goecke, Evers and Hillside, Keltern & Canterbury: 1-5. [Checklist and distribution] [#book] HECQ, J. 2003a. Etude des Pseudacraea (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Ps. eurytus L. 1758 & f. obscura Neave 1904. Lambillionea 103 (1): 142-145. HECQ, J. 2003b. Etude des Euphaedra E. landbecki Rothschild & E. ducarmei Hecq, 1977 (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 103 (3): 485-486. HECQ, J. 2003c. Butterflies of the world. Pt. 16, Nymphalidae, VII, Pseudacraea. Goecke, Evers and Hillside, Keltern & Canterbury: 1-3. [Checklist and distribution] [#book] HECQ, J. 2004a. Une nouvelle espece d’Euphaedra du complexe janetta, s-g Euphaedrana Hecq, gr. Themis (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 104 (1) (Tome I): 58. [Euphaedra vandeweghei; Gabon] HECQ, J. 2004b. Nouvelles especes, sous-espece et formes d’Euphaedra du sous-genre Gausapia Hecq, (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome I): 184-188. [Euphaedra (Gausapia) calliope aurichalca ssp. n., Cameroon; Euphaedra (Gausapia) gausape similis, new form, Ivory Coast; Euphaedra (Gausapia) pallas sp. n., Guinea; Euphaedra (Gausapia) thalie form kainama new form, Democratic Republic of Congo] HECQ, J. 2004c. Etude des Euphaedra nouveaux taxons dans le sous-genre Xypetana (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome II): 243-246. [Euphaedra (Xypetana) caerulescens caliginosa ssp. n., Central African Republic; Euphaedra (Xypetana) cuprea smaragdula ssp. n., Democratic Republic of Congo; Euphaedra (Xypetana) irangi sp. n., Democratic Republic of Congo; Euphaedra (Xypetana) romboutsi sp. n., Democratic Republic of Congo.] HECQ, J. 2004d. Une nouvelle espece d’Euphaedra du sous-genre Xypetana Hecq (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 9 (2): 13-15. [Euphaedra (Xypetana) camiadei; Central African Republic] HECQ, J. 2005a. Nouveaux Mylothris (Pieridae) du Nigeria (Lepidoptera Pieridae). Lambillionea 105 (1): 129-131. [New species: Mylothris eximia, Mylothris knoopi, Mylothris lucens; Nigeria] HECQ, J. 2005b. Nouvelle espece d’Euphaedra (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 105 (2) (Tome I): 232. [Euphaedra larseni; Nigeria] HECQ, J. 2005c. Etude des Euphaedra. Synthese actualisee des groupes xypete et dargei du sous- genre Xypetana Hecq, 1976 (Lep. Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 105 (2) (Tome II): 339-342. HECQ, J. 2005d. Synthese d’une groupe particulier de Bebearia: especies a l’apex noir et la bande subapicale blanche, et description d’une nouvelle espece (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 105 (4) (Tome II): 630-632. [Bebearia vandeweghei Hecq, 2005] HECQ, J. 2006a. Erratum & addendum. Lambillionea CV, 4, Decembre 2005. Corrections de legendes. Synthese d’une groupe particulier de Bebearia: especies a l’apex noir et la bande subapicale blache, et description d’une nouvelle espece (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 106 (1) (Tome II): 117. HECQ, J. 2006b. Une nouvelle espece d’Euphaedra dans la region de Kinshasa (RDC) (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 106 (2) (Tome II): 306-307. HECQ, J. 2006c. Etude des Bebearia (suite) (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Syntheses de groupes II – le complexe wilwerthi Aur. 1898]. Lambillionea 106 (2) (Tome II): 314-318. HECQ, J. 2007a. Etude des Euphaedra sous-genre Euphaedrana Hecq, groupe themis, mise au point et nouvelles especes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 12 (1): 22-28. HECQ, J. 2007b. Euriphene mollicella Karsch, 1894 (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 107 (2) (Tome II): 270. HECQ, J. 2007c. Nouveaux taxons dans le genre Bebearia (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 107 (4) (Tome II): 627-630. [Bebearia , Bebearia brazzai, Bebearia clotho,

95 Bebearia crepuscularia] HECQ, J. 2008a. Nouvelles especes d’Euphaedra du sous-genre Xypetana Hecq, 1976 (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 108 (1) (Tome II): 106-108. [Euphaedra decora sp. nov., Democratic Republic of Congo; Euphaedra discreta sp. nov., Cameroon; Euphaedra moloundou sp. nov., Cameroon; Euphaedra semlikiana taxon nov. (cited by author as either a new species or a new form); Euphaedra violanitens sp. nov.; Democratic Republic of Congo]. HECQ, J. 2008b. Nouveaux Euphaedra du Bas-Congo (RDC) (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 108 (1) (Tome II): 109-110. [Euphaedra desmeti sp. nov., Democratic Republic of Congo; Euphaedra eberti hannoti subsp. nov., Democratic Republic of Congo]. HECQ, J. 2010a. Etude des Euryphura Staudinger, 1891 proches de Euryphura plautilla Hewitson, 1860 et description de nouvelles especes pour le genre (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 110 (3): 297-300. HECQ, J. 2010b. Quatre especes du genre Bebearia Hemming, 1960 d’Afrique occidentale et centrale. Lambillionea 110 (3): 301-304. HECQ, J. 2011. Une nouvelle espece du genre Euriphene Boisduval, 1847 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitinae [sic]. Entomologia Africana 16 (1): 13-14. Abstract: Description of a new Euriphene species from West Africa. [Euriphene proxima from Ghana] HECQ, J. 2012. Une nouvelle espece d'Euphaedra du Cameroun (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 17 (2): 15-16. Abstract: New species of Euphaedra from Cameroon. [Euphaedra aliciae Sp nov, Cameroon.] HECQ, J. 2012. Catalogue des especes d'Euphaedra du sous-genre Xypetana Hecq Premiere partie et description de nouvelles especes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae africains). Lambillionea 112 (2): 119-124. Abstract: Catalogue of the species of the s-g Xypetana part 1. [Euphaedra annae Sp nov, Congo-Kinshasa; Euphaedra inanis Sp nov, Congo-Kinshasa; Euphaedra sankuruensis Hecq 1980 (Nymphalidae): Status, Bona sp.] HECQ, J. 2012. Catalogue des especes d'Euphaedra du sous-genre Xypetana Hecq. Seconde partie et description de nouvelles especes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 112 (3): 204- 212. HECQ, J., & CUYPERS, F. 2004. Remarques sur quelques especes D’Euphaedra de l’ouest de la Republique du Congo (Kinshasa) (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 104 (4): 723- 724. [Euphaedra landbecki; Euphaedra morini; Democratic Republic of Congo]. HECQ, J., & JOLY, C. 1987. Description d’une nouvelle sous-espece d’Euphaedra (Nymph. africains). Lambillionea 87 (1-2): 21-23. HECQ, J., & JOLY, C. 2003. Deux nouvelles especes d’Euphaedra du sous-genre Gausapia Hecq (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 103 (4): 655-658. [Euphaedra (Nigeria); Euphaedra mariachristinae (Ghana, Ivory Coast)] HECQ, J., & JOLY, C. 2004. Deux nouvelles sous-especes d’Euphaedra au Ghana (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 104 (1): 59-61. [Euphaedra splendens ghanaensis; Euphaedra crossei akani, Ghana] HECQ, J., & LARSEN, T.B. 1997. New butterflies from the Okumo Nature Sanctuary in Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 97 (1) (Tome II): 101-104. HECQ, J., & LARSEN, T.B. 1998. Bebearia banksi, nouvelle espece (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 98 (3) (Tome I): 359-360. HECQ, J., & OREMANS, P. 1998. [Note on Euriphene regula Hecq 1994 bona sp. and synonymization of Euriphene panda Hecq 1997 (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae).] Lambillionea 98 (4) (Tome I): 553-555. HECQ, J., & PEETERS, J. 1992. Etude faunistique de la zone de protection totale de la Sangba (Republique Centrafricaine). Partim: entomologie, Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Lambillionea 92 (4) (Suppl.): 1-16. HECQ, J., & VANDE WEGHE, G. 2005. Nouvelle espece d’Euphaedra (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 105 (2) (Tome I): 239-240. [Euphaedra opulenta; Cameroon; Gabon]

96 HECQ, J., & VUATTOUX, R. 1989. Biologie de Euphaedra (Nymphalidae africains). Lambillionea 89 (5-6): 44-50. *HEDENSTROM, E., WALLIN, E.A., ANDERSSON, J., BANG, J., WANG, H.-L., LOFSTEDT, C., BRATTSTROM, O. & BAQUET, P. 2015. Stereoisomeric analysis of 6,10,14-Trimethylpentadecan-2-ol and the corresponding ketone in wing extracts from African Bicyclus butterfly species. Journal of Chemical Ecology 41: 44-51. HEDICKE, H. 1923. Nomina nova. III. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1923: 226. *HEIKKILA, M., KAILA, L., MUTANEN, M., PENA, C. & WAHLBERG, N. 2012. Cretaceous origin and repeated Tertiary diversification of the redefined butterflies. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 279 (1731): 1093-1099. Abstract: Although the taxonomy of the ca 18 000 species of butterflies and skippers is well known, the family-level relationships are still debated. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the superfamilies Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea and Hedyloidea to date based on morphological and molecular data. We reconstructed their phylogenetic relationships using parsimony and Bayesian approaches. We estimated times and rates of diversification along lineages in order to reconstruct their evolutionary history. Our results suggest that the butterflies, as traditionally understood, are paraphyletic, with Papilionidae being the sister-group to Hesperioidea, Hedyloidea and all other butterflies. Hence, the families in the current three superfamilies should be placed in a single superfamily Papilionoidea. In addition, we find that Hedylidae is sister to Hesperiidae, and this novel relationship is supported by two morphological characters. The families diverged in the Early Cretaceous but diversified after the Cretaceous-Palaeogene event. The diversification of butterflies is characterized by a slow speciation rate in the lineage leading to Baronia brevicornis, a period of stasis by the skippers after divergence and a burst of diversification in the lineages leading to Nymphalidae, Riodinidae and Lycaenidae. HEINRICHS, E.A. & BARRION, A.T. 2004. Rice-feeding insects and selected natural enemies in West Africa: Biology, ecology, identification. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines; and WARDA–The Africa Rice Center, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, 243 pp. HEMMING, F. 1929. Notes on the generic names of Holarctic Lycaenidae (Lep. Rhop.). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (10) 3: 217-245. HEMMING, F. 1932. The butterflies of Transjordan. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 80: 269-299. HEMMING, F. 1933a. On the types of certain butterfly genera. Entomologist 66: 196-200. HEMMING, F. 1933b. Additional notes on the types of certain butterfly genera. Entomologist 66: 222-225. HEMMING, F. 1934a. Notes on nine genera of butterflies. Entomologist 67: 37-38. HEMMING, F. 1934b. Some notes on the nomenclature of Palaearctic and African Rhopalocera. Stylops 3: 97-99. HEMMING, F. 1935. Notes on seventeen genera of Rhopalocera. Stylops 4: 1-3. HEMMING, F. 1939a. On five genera in the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera at present without valid names. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 8: 39. HEMMING, F. 1939b. Notes on the generic nomenclature of the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, I. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 8: 133-138. HEMMING, F. 1941a. On eight subspecies in the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera at present without valid names. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 10: 207-208. HEMMING, F. 1941b. The types of the genera established by Doubleday (E.) in The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera and by Westwood (J.O.) in the continuation thereof. Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History 1: 413-464. HEMMING, F. 1943. Notes on the generic nomenclature of the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera II. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 12: 23-30. HEMMING, F. 1947. On the question whether eight generic names in the order Lepidoptera (Class Insecta) commonly accepted as having been first published by Fabricius in 1807 were published by Illiger earlier in the same year. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 1: 261- 269. [Neptis, Pontia] HEMMING, F. 1960a. Principles of selection of type species: selection of type species for seven genera of the family Lycaenidae. Annotationes lepidopterologicae (Part 1): 7-11.

97 HEMMING, F. 1960b. Establishment of the genus “Bebearia” gen. nov. Nymphalidae. Annotationes lepidopterologicae (Part 1): 12-17. HEMMING, F. 1960c. Provision of a valid name for the type species of the genus “Elymniopsis” Fruhstorfer, 1907 (Satyridae). Annotationes lepidopterologicae (Part 1): 30. HEMMING, F. 1960d. Provision of a name for the species incorrectly cited as “Lycaena elorea” Staudinger by Karsch when establishing the genus “Oboronia” in 1895 and selection of a type species for that genus (Lycaenidae). Annotationes lepidopterologicae (Part 1): 31-36. HEMMING, F. 1963. Reduction of the name “Pseudoliptena” Stempffer, 1946, to the status of a junior subjective of “Anthene” Doubleday, 1847 (Lep.: Lycaenidae). Entomologist 96: 292-293. HEMMING, F. 1964a. Selection of type species for three nominal genera of the family Satyridae. Annotationes lepidopterologicae (Part 4): 120-121. HEMMING, F. 1964b. Selection of type species for five nominal genera of the family Lycaenidae. Annotationes lepidopterologicae (Part 4): 132-134. HEMMING, F. 1964c. Introduction, as replacements for names invalid under the Law of Homonymy, of names for three genera in the family Satyridae. Annotationes lepidopterologicae (Part 4): 137-138. HEMMING, F. 1964d. Introduction, as replacements for names invalid under the Law of Homonymy, of names for two genera of the family Nymphalidae. Annotationes lepidopterologicae (Part 4): 139-140. HEMMING, F. 1964e. Introduction, as replacements for names invalid under the Law of Homonymy, of names for two genera of the family Lycaenidae. Annotationes lepidopterologicae (Part 4): 141-142. HEMMING, F. 1964f. Introduction, as a replacement for a species-group name invalid under the Law of Homonymy, of the name “Pseudoneptis ianthe” in the family Nymphalidae. Annotationes lepidopterologicae (Part 4): 144. HEMMING, F. 1964g. Establishment of a new genus in the family Danaidae. Annotationes lepidopterologicae (Part 4): 145-146. HEMMING, F. 1965. Gonophlebia Felder, 1870 (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pieridae): proposed rejection as a nomen oblitum. Z.N.(S.) 1688. Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature 22: 104. *HEMMING, F. 1967. The generic names of the butterflies and their type-species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) Supplement 9: 1-509. HEMMING, F., & STEMPFFER, H. 1957. Proposed use of the plenary powers to preserve the generic names Liptena Westwood [1851], and Pentila Westwood [1851] (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera) for use in their accustomed sense and to prevent the transfer of those names to genera for which they have never been employed. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 13: 280-286. *HENNING, G.A. 1974. Obituary – John Sneyd Taylor (1900-1973). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 37 (1): 199. *HENNING, G.A. 1977. Observation[s] on the early stages of Ethiopian Charaxes with notes on life histories (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Annals of the Transvaal Museum 30 (19): 219- 228. *HENNING, G.A. 1981. A new species of Hypolycaena Felder from southern Africa (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 93 (3-4): 55-57. *HENNING, G.A. 1983. Butterfly migration in southern Africa. Metamorphosis 1 (2): 4-5. *HENNING, G.A. 1984a. The discovery of a new satyrid from the Transvaal. Metamorphosis 1 (7): 4-5. *HENNING, G.A. 1984b. Further notes on butterfly migration. Metamorphosis 1 (8): 6-7. *HENNING, G.A. 1984c. Observations on the feeding habits of adult Lachnocnema bibulus (Fab.)

98 (Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 1 (10): 3. HENNING, G.A. 1986. A new species of Acraea F. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from South West Africa (Namibia) with revisional notes on the Acraea horta (L.) species group. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 49 (1): 29-37. HENNING, G.A. 1987a. Lepidoptera research in the Transvaal. Proceedings of the First Lepidoptera Symposium, Roodepoort, South Africa, 8th August, 1987: 15-17. *HENNING, G.A. 1987b. Notes on the Aloeides penningtoni complex from South Africa (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with descriptions of three new species. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 50 (1): 241-248. *HENNING, G.A. 1987c. Butterfly migration. Metamorphosis 1 (20): 6-10. *HENNING, G.A. 1988a. Report on the Ruinsig Entomological Reserve – 1986. Metamorphosis 1 (21): 13-16. *HENNING, G.A. 1988b. Ruimsig Entomological Reserve. Report on the season from September 1987 to March 1988. Metamorphosis 1 (22): 9-14. *HENNING, G. [A.] 1990a. Regional roundup. Metamorphosis 1 (25): 1. (Collecting notes). *HENNING, G. [A.] 1990b. Regional roundup. Metamorphosis 1 (26): 1. (Collecting notes). *HENNING, G. [A.] 1990c. Butterflies of the Golden Gate Highlands National Park. Metamorphosis 1 (25): 6-7. *HENNING, G.A. 1991a. Regional Roundup. Metamorphosis 2 (1): 3-4. *HENNING, G.A. 1991b. Regional Roundup. Metamorphosis 2 (3): 3-4. *HENNING, G.A. 1992a. Phylogenetic notes on the African species of the subfamily Acraeinae. Part 1. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Metamorphosis 3 (3): 100-114. *HENNING, G.A. 1992b. Regional Roundup. Metamorphosis 3 (1): 3-4. *HENNING, G.A. 1992c. Regional Roundup. Metamorphosis 3 (2): 43-44. *HENNING, G.A. 1992d. Regional Roundup. Metamorphosis 3 (3): 82. *HENNING, G.A. 1993a. Phylogenetic notes on the African species of the subfamily Acraeinae. Part 2. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Metamorphosis 4 (1): 5-18. *HENNING, G.A. 1993b. Phylogenetic notes on the African species of the subfamily Acraeinae. Part 3. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Metamorphosis 4 (2): 53-68. *HENNING, G.A. 1993c. Survival strategies in the Acraeinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Metamorphosis 4 (3): 100-106. *HENNING, G.A. 1993d. Revisional notes on the genus Aloeides Hubner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 4 (4): 144-155. *HENNING, G.A. 1993e. Regional Roundup. Metamorphosis 4 (1): 3-4. *HENNING, G.A. 1993f. Regional Roundup. Metamorphosis 4 (2): 51-52. *HENNING, G.A. 1993g. Regional Roundup. Metamorphosis 4 (3): 99. *HENNING, G.A. 1993h. Regional Roundup. Metamorphosis 4 (4): 139. *HENNING, G. [A.] 1994a. Regional roundup. Metamorphosis 5 (3): 93-94. (Pieris brassicae; additional records and distributional status; South Africa). *HENNING, G. [A.] 1994b. Lepidoptera conservation proposal. Metamorphosis 5 (3): 95-96. *HENNING, G.A. 1994c. Butterflies of the Mariepskop area. Metamorphosis 5 (4): 162-168. *HENNING, G.A. 1994d. A description of a new subspecies of Nepheronia argia (Fabricius). In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 284-286. *HENNING, G.A. 1994e. Regional Roundup. Metamorphosis 5 (1): 3-4. *HENNING, G. [A.] 1995a. Brenton Blue project. Metamorphosis 6 (2): 94-95. (Orachrysops niobe; conservation measures). *HENNING, G.A. 1995b. Regional Roundup. Metamorphosis 6 (1): 3-4. *HENNING, G.A. 1995c. Regional Roundup. Metamorphosis 6 (2): 53. *HENNING, G.A. 1997a. Introduction to African and southern African Satyrinae. Metamorphosis Occasional Supplement No.3: 105-115.

99 *HENNING, G.A. 1997b. Butterfly conservation in South Africa. Metamorphosis Occasional Supplement No.3: 120-128. *HENNING, G. [A.] 1998a. Regional Roundup. Metamorphosis 9 (1): 48. (Hypolimnas bolina, Tirumala petiverana, distribution records; Torynesis pringlei, recorded; Hyalites alalonga, recorded; Charaxes marieps, recorded; Lepidochrysops loewensteini, recorded; Chrysoritis aureus, conservation project). *HENNING, G. [A.] 1998b. Regional Roundup. Metamorphosis 9 (2): 90-91. (Acraea leucopyga, recorded; Neptis goochi, recorded; Cooksonia alicea, recorded). *HENNING, G.A. 1998c. Notes on pollination in African Lepidoptera. Metamorphosis 9 (3): 124- 127. *HENNING, G.A. 1998d. The conservation status of the Heidelberg copper butterfly (Poecilmitis aureus) in the Heidelberg district. Metamorphosis 9 (3): 131-134. *HENNING, G. [A.] 2001a. Notes on butterfly conservation in South Africa and the IUCN Red Data Book categories. Metamorphosis 12 (2): 55-68. *HENNING, G. [A.] 2001b. Notes on the biology of threatened butterflies in South Africa. Metamorphosis 12 (3): 109-122. *HENNING, G.A. 2002. Taxonomic notes on the genus Pseudonympha Wallengren (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Metamorphosis 13 (1): 10-17. [Keys to species, species groups, genera and subtribes] *HENNING, G. 2014. Lepidoptera conservation in South Africa – part 1. Babbel Blues Issue 2: 17- 24. *HENNING, G. 2015. Lepidoptera conservation in South Africa – part 2. Babbel Blues Issue 3: 18- 23. *HENNING, G.A. & BALL, J.B. 2013. A new species of Lepidochrysops Hedicke (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the Northern Cape, South Africa. Metamorphosis 23: 1-7. [Lepidochrysops frederikae sp. nov.] *HENNING, G.A., & HENNING, S.F. 1982. Descriptions of three new species of Aloeides Hűbner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the Transvaal, South Africa, and south west Africa (Namibia). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 45 (2): 231-238. HENNING, G.A., & HENNING, S.F. 1984. A new species of Dingana van Son (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) from the south-eastern Transvaal South Africa. Durban Museum Novitates 13 (12): 149-154. HENNING, G.A., & HENNING, S.F. 1988. A review of the genus Capys Hewitson (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with descriptions of seven new species and two new subspecies. Durban Museum Novitates 14 (2): 102-139. HENNING, G.A., & HENNING, S.F. 1992a. Conservation of Lepidoptera in Southern Africa. In: Woodhall-SE [Ed.] A Practical Guide to Butterflies and Moths in Southern Africa. Lepidopterists' Society of Southern Africa, Florida Hills, South Africa: 1-223, chapter pagination: 29-43. [@chap] HENNING, G.A., & HENNING, S.F. 1992b. Reviews of threatened species from Southern Africa. In: Woodhall-SE [Ed.] A Practical Guide to Butterflies and Moths in Southern Africa. Lepidopterists' Society of Southern Africa, Florida Hills, South Africa: 1-223, chapter pagination: 190-200. [@chap] *HENNING, G.A., & HENNING, S.F. 1993. Description of a new species of Anthene Doubleday (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the Transvaal, South Africa. Metamorphosis 4 (4): 156-158. *HENNING, G.A. & HENNING, S.F. 1994a. A new subspecies of Stygionympha scotina Quickelberge (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) from the Eastern Transvaal, South Africa. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 67-68. *HENNING, G.A. & HENNING, S.F. 1994b. A new species of Charaxes Ochsenheimer (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from Zimbabwe. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s

100 Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 100-101. *HENNING, G.A. & HENNING, S.F. 1994c. A new species of Aloeides Hübner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Namibia. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 190-191. *HENNING, G.A. & HENNING, S.F. 1994d. A new species of Lepidochrysops Hedicke from the Transvaal. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 256-258. *HENNING, G.A. & HENNING, S.F. 1994e. A review of the genus Orachrysops Vári (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with descriptions of seven new species and one new subspecies. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 260- 273. *HENNING, G.A. & HENNING, S.F. 1994f. A new subspecies of Colotis amata (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) from Namibia. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 287-288. *HENNING, G.A., & HENNING, S.F. 1995. Updating the status of South African Red Data butterfly species. Metamorphosis 6 (2): 96-98. *HENNING, G.A., & HENNING, S.F. 1996a. Notes on the Dingana dingana species group (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), with description of a new species. Metamorphosis 7 (1): 20-23. *HENNING, G.A., & HENNING, S.F. 1996b. A review of the Hyalites (Auracraea) anacreon species complex in southern Africa with descriptions of two new species and two new subspecies. Metamorphosis 7 (2): 71-80. *HENNING, G.A., & HENNING, S.F. 1996c. A review of the genus Dingana Van Son (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with descriptions of a new genus, three new species and three new subspecies. Metamorphosis 7 (4): 153-172. *HENNING, G.A., & HENNING, S.F. 1997a. Notes on the genus Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with a description of a new species from South Africa. Metamorphosis 8 (2): 76-81. [Platylesches dolomitica] *HENNING, G.A., & HENNING, S.F. 1997b. Revisional notes on the African Satyrinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) with a description of a new genus. Metamorphosis 8 (3): 135- 140. *HENNING, G.A., & HENNING, S.F. 1998a. Notes on the genus Kedestes Watson (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) with a description of a new species from South Africa. Metamorphosis 9 (3): 100-104. *HENNING, G.A., & HENNING, S.F. 1998b. A new subspecies of Tylopaedia sardonyx from Namibia. Metamorphosis 9 (4): 180-183. *HENNING, G.A., & HENNING, S.F. 2001. A review of the genus Erikssonia Trimen (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae) with a description of a new species. Metamorphosis 12 (2): 69-78. *HENNING, G.A., & HENNING, S.F. 2004. A review of the liptenid Teriomima Kirby genus group (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Poritiinae) with descriptions of a new genus, a new subgenus, ten new species and four new subspecies. Metamorphosis 15 (1): 3-61. HENNING, G.A., HENNING, S.F., JOANNOU, J.G., & WOODHALL, S.E. 1997. Living butterflies of southern Africa, Volume 1. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, South Africa. 1-397. [Coeliades lorenzo; Kedestes lenis alba; Cuneacolotis; Colotis doubledayi flavulus] [#book] HENNING, G.A., HENNING, S.F., & WOODHALL, S.E. 1992a. Scientific aspects of lepidopterology. In: Woodhall-SE [Ed.] A Practical Guide to Butterflies and Moths in Southern Africa. Lepidopterists' Society of Southern Africa, Florida Hills, South Africa: 1- 223, chapter pagination: 6-19. [@chap] HENNING, G.A., HENNING, S.F., & WOODHALL, S.E. 1992b. Preservation and mounting

101 techniques. In: Woodhall-SE [Ed.] A Practical Guide to Butterflies and Moths in Southern Africa. Lepidopterists' Society of Southern Africa, Florida Hills, South Africa: 1-223, chapter pagination: 82-125. [@chap] *HENNING, G.A. & JOANNOU, J.G. 1994. A new subspecies of Salamis cacta (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from South Africa. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 117-119. *HENNING, G.A., & ROOS, P.S. 2001. Threatened butterflies of South African wetlands. Metamorphosis 12 (1): 26-33. [Metisella meninx] HENNING, G.A., TERBLANCHE, R.F. & BALL, J.B. [EDS] 2009. South African Red Data Book: Butterflies. SANBI Biodiversity Series 13. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria: i-iv, 1-158. *HENNING, G.A. & WILLIAMS, M.C. 2010. Taxonomic notes on the Afrotropical taxa of the tribe Acraeini Boisduval, 1833 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae). Metamorphosis 21 (1): 2-38. *HENNING, S.F. 1977. Description and biology of a new species of Charaxes Ochsenheimer from central Africa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Annals of the Transvaal Museum 30 (20): 231- 238. [C. fionae, Malawi] *HENNING, S.F. 1978. Description of a new subspecies of Charaxes jahlusa Trimen (Lep.: Nymphalidae) from southern Africa. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 90 (7- 8): 211-215. *HENNING, S.F. 1979a. History of some recently described Charaxes with the description and life history of Charaxes vansoni van Someren (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 91 (7-8): 177-184. HENNING, S.F. 1979b. Descriptions of two new species of Poecilmitis Butler (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Namaqualand, South Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 42 (2): 153-159. HENNING, S.F. 1979c. Butterflies. In: Skaife, S.H., revised by J. Ledger. African insect life. Struik, Cape Town. HENNING, S.F. 1980. Chemical communication between lycaenid larvae (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) and ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). MSc Dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand. i-x; 1-126. [Durbania amakosa, Iolaus trimeni, Myrina silenus, Chrysoritis lycegenes, Chrysoritis aureus, Cigaritis namaquus, Cigaritis phanes, Aloeides dentatis, Lepidochrysops trimeni, Lepidochrysops ignota, Spalgis lemolea, Thestor basutus, Thestor dicksoni, Lachnocnema bibulus, Euliphyra mirifica, Euchrysops dolorosa]. HENNING, S.F. 1982a. Description and biology of two new subspecies of Charaxes pythodoris Hewitson (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Miscellanea Entomologica 49: 75-82. HENNING, S.F. 1982b. Descriptions of three new subspecies of Charaxes ethalion Boisduval from central Africa (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Miscellanea Entomologica 49: 83-91. HENNING, S.F. 1982c. Description and biology of a new subspecies of Charaxes martini van Someren from Zomba Mountain, Malawi, and a description of the early stages of Charaxes martini martini (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Miscellanea Entomologica 49: 93-97. *HENNING, S.F. 1983. Butterfly conservation. Metamorphosis 1 (1): *HENNING, S.F. 1984a. Life history and behaviour of the rare myrmecophilous lycaenid Erikssonia acraeina Trimen (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 47 (2): 337-342. HENNING, S.F. 1985a. Order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). Suborder Ditrysia. In: SCHOLTZ, C.H., & HOLM, E. [Eds]. Insects of southern Africa. Butterworths, Durban: 1-502. Chapter pagination: 348-392. *HENNING, S.F. 1987e. Dragonflies migrating with Belenois aurota in January 1986. Metamorphosis 1 (19): 6-8.

102 HENNING, S.F. 1988 [1989]. The Charaxinae butterflies of Africa. Aloe Books, Johannesburg, 1- 457. [#book] *HENNING, S. [F.] 1991a. Obituary - David Abraham Swanepoel. Metamorphosis 2 (1): 5-6. *HENNING, S. [F.] 1991b. Obituary - Adrian Stanford Driver. Metamorphosis 2 (2): 13. *HENNING, S. [F.] 1991c. Obituary - Charles Gordon Campbell Dickson. Metamorphosis 2 (3): 21-26. *HENNING, S.F. 1991d. Comment by the President. Metamorphosis 2 (1): 2. *HENNING, S.F. 1991e. Comment by the President. Metamorphosis 2 (3): 2. *HENNING, S.F. 1992a. Obituary – Charles Gordon Campbell Dickson. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 46 (4): 325-333. *HENNING, S.F. 1992b. Comment by the President. Metamorphosis 3 (1): 2. *HENNING, S.F. 1992c. Comment by the President. Metamorphosis 3 (2): 42. *HENNING, S.F. 1992d. Comment by the President. Metamorphosis 3 (3): 82. *HENNING, S. [F.] 1993a. Large numbers of Vanessa cardui in Natal. Metamorphosis 4 (3): 130. *HENNING, S.F. 1993b. Comment by the President. Metamorphosis 4 (1): 2. *HENNING, S.F. 1993c. Comment by the President. Metamorphosis 4 (2): 50. *HENNING, S.F. 1993d. Comment by the President. Metamorphosis 4 (3): 98. *HENNING, S.F. 1993e. Comment by the President. Metamorphosis 4 (4): 138. *HENNING, S.F. 1994a. Butterflies of Kloofendal nature reserve. Metamorphosis 5 (4): 149-152. *HENNING, S.F. 1994b. Butterflies of the Ruimsig Entomological Reserve, Roodepoort, Transvaal. Metamorphosis 5 (4): 169-172. *HENNING, S.F. 1994c. Comment by the President. Metamorphosis 5 (1): 2. *HENNING, S.F. 1995a. Comment by the President. Metamorphosis 6 (1): 2. *HENNING, S.F. 1995b. Comment by the President. Metamorphosis 6 (2): 52. *HENNING, S.F. 1997. Morphological investigation of the Charaxes etheocles (Cramer) species group (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Metamorphosis Occasional Supplement No. 3: 34-41. HENNING, S.F., & ABBOTT, C. 1984. Southern African Butterflies. [#book] *HENNING, S.F., & HENNING, G.A. 1983. A new species of Lepidochrysops Hedicke (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from south west Africa (Namibia). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 46 (1): 59-63. [L. michellae] *HENNING, S.F., & HENNING, G.A. 1984a. A revision of the Iolaus (Argiolaus) silas Westwood complex (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in southern Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 47 (1): 35-43. *HENNING, S. [F.], & HENNING, G. [A.] 1984b. Life history and behaviour of Erikssonia acraeina Trimen (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 1 (5): 1-4. *HENNING, S.F., & HENNING, G.A. 1986. Notes on the genus Aloeides Hűbner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with a description of a new species from the Transvaal. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 49 (2): 337-341. HENNING, S.F., & HENNING, G.A. 1989a. South African Red Data Book – butterflies. South African National Scientific Programmes Report No. 158: i-vi, 1-175. [#book] *HENNING, S.F., & HENNING, G.A. 1989b. A new species of Iolaus Hűbner subgenus Epamera Druce (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the Nyika Plateau, Zambia. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 52 (2): 185-189. *HENNING, S.F., & HENNING, G.A. 1991. New subspecies of Iolaus (Epamera) alienus Trimen (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Namibia. Entomologists' Record and Journal of Variation 103 (3-4): 83-87. *HENNING, S.F., & HENNING, G.A. 1992. Descriptions of two new subspecies of Charaxes Ochsenheimer (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the Blouberg in the Northern Transvaal, South Africa. Metamorphosis 3 (3): 115-120. *HENNING, S.F., & HENNING, G.A. 1993. Descriptions of two new taxa of Lycaenidae

103 (Lepidoptera) from the Orange , South Africa with notes on the genera Durbania Trimen and Thestor Hubner. Metamorphosis 4 (4): 159-164. *HENNING, S.F. & HENNING, G.A. 1994a. A new subspecies of Dingana bowkeri (Trimen) (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) from the Eastern Cape. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 56-57. *HENNING, S.F. & HENNING, G.A. 1994b. Description of a new subspecies of P. tropicalis De Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from southern & south-central Africa. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 127-128. *HENNING, S.F. & HENNING, G.A. 1994c. A new species of Aloeides Hübner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the Trasvaal. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 200-201. *HENNING, S.F. & HENNING, G.A. 1994d. A new species of Aloeides Hübner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Nambia. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 204-205. *HENNING, S.F. & HENNING, G.A. 1994e. The description of a new species of Anthene Doubleday (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the Northern Cape. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 233-234. *HENNING, S.F. & HENNING, G.A. 1994f. A new subspecies of Lepidochrysops ketsi Cottrell (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Natal. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 242. *HENNING, S.F. & HENNING, G.A. 1994g. A new species of Lepidochrysops Hedicke from Zimbabwe. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 248-249. *HENNING, S.F., & HENNING, G.A. 1996a. Notes on the Aloeides simplex species group (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with description of a new species. Metamorphosis 7 (1): 8-11. *HENNING, S.F., & HENNING, G.A. 1996b. Notes on the Acraea (Acraea) rabbaiae species group of the Acraeinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Metamorphosis 7 (2): 65-67. *HENNING, S.F., & HENNING, G.A. 1996c. A review of the Stygionympha robertsoni species group (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with descriptions of a new species and two new subspecies. Metamorphosis 7 (4): 173-182. *HENNING, S.F., & HENNING, G.A. 1996d. A review of the genus Axiocerses Hübner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), with descriptions of nine new species and three new subspecies. Metamorphosis Occasional Supplement No. 1, 48pp. *HENNING, S.F., & HENNING, G.A. 1997. A description of a new species of Thestor Hübner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Metamorphosis 8 (2): 85-90. *HENNING, S.F., & HENNING, G. [A.] 2002. Obituary – William Henry Henning. Metamorphosis 13 (2): 40-43. HENNING, S.F., & HENNING, G.A., & SAMWAYS, M.J. 1993a. Aloeides dentatis dentatis (Swierstra), Aloeides dentatis maseruna (Riley); subfamily Theclinae, tribe Aphnaeini. Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) 8: 154-155. HENNING, S.F., & HENNING, G.A., & SAMWAYS, M.J. 1993b. Erikssonia acraeina Trimen; subfamily Theclinae, tribe Aphnaeini. Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) 8: 156-157. HENNING, S.F., & HENNING, G.A., & SAMWAYS, M.J. 1993c. Alaena margaritacea Eltringham: subfamily Lipteninae, tribe Pentilini. Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) 8: 158. HENNING, S.F., & HENNING, G.A., & SAMWAYS, M.J. 1993d. Orachrysops (Lepidochrysops) ariadne (Butler); subfamily Polyommatinae, tribe . Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) 8: 159.

104 *HENNING, W.H. 1977. New species of Poecilmitis Butler (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Namaqualand, Cape, South Africa. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 89 (2): 25-30. [Poecilmitis dicksoni; Poecilmitis perseus; Northern Cape Province; South Africa] *HENNING, W.H. 1991. Editorial. Metamorphosis 2 (1): 1. *HENNING, W.H. 1991. Editorial. Metamorphosis 2 (3): 1. *HENNING, W.H. 1992. Editorial. Metamorphosis 3 (1): 1. *HENNING, W.H. 1992. Editorial. Metamorphosis 3 (2): 41. *HENNING, W.H. 1992. Editorial. Metamorphosis 3 (3): 81. *HENNING, W.H. 1993. Editorial. Metamorphosis 4 (1): 1. *HENNING, W.H. 1993. Editorial. Metamorphosis 4 (2): 49. *HENNING, W.H. 1993. Editorial. Metamorphosis 4 (3): 97. *HENNING, W.H. 1993. Editorial. Metamorphosis 4 (4): 137. *HENNING, W.H. 1994. Editorial. Metamorphosis 5 (1): 1. *HENNING, W.H. 1995. Editorial. Metamorphosis 6 (1): 1. *HENSMAN, S. 2005. Butterfly collecting in Zimbabwe’s eastern districts – some observations. Metamorphosis 16 (4): 103-105. HERBST, J.F.W. 1788. Natursystem aller bekannten in- und auslandischen Insekten. Der Schmetterlinge 3: xii, 1-232 + [iv]. Berlin. [Continuation of a work by C.G Jablonsky.]. HERBST, J.F.W. 1790. Natursystem aller bekannten in- und auslandischen Insekten. Der Schmetterlinge 4: viii, 1-208. Berlin. [Continuation of a work by C.G Jablonsky.]. HERBST, J.F.W. 1792. Natursystem aller bekannten in- und auslandischen Insekten. Der Schmetterlinge 5: viii, 1-231. Berlin. [Continuation of a work by C.G Jablonsky.]. HERBST, J.F.W. 1793. Natursystem aller bekannten in- und auslandischen Insekten. Der Schmetterlinge 6: [vi], 1-162. [Continuation of a work by C.G Jablonsky.]. HERBST, J.F.W. 1794. Natursystem aller bekannten in- und auslandischen Insekten. Der Schmetterlinge 7: [vi], 1-178. Berlin. [Continuation of a work by C.G Jablonsky.]. HERBST, J.F.W. 1798. Natursystem aller bekannten in- und auslandischen Insekten. Der Schmetterlinge 9: [vi], 1-205. Berlin. [Continuation of a work by C.G Jablonsky.]. HERBST, J.F.W. 1804. Natursystem aller bekannten in- und auslandischen Insekten. Der Schmetterlinge 11: xiv + [ii], 1-392. [Continuation of a work by C.G Jablonsky.]. HERDER, S., FEDIERE, G., KOUASSI, K.N., LERY, X., KOUEVIDJIN, R., PHILIPPE, R., & MARIAU, D. 1994. Mise en evidence de nouveaux virus a ARN chez Pteroteinon laufella Hewitson (Lepidoptera Hesperidae) [Hesperiidae], defoliateur du palmier a huile en Cote-d'Ivoire. Oleagineux 49 (2): 43-47. HERING, M. 1936. Acraeiden-Studien I. (Lep.). Die geographischen Unterarten von Planema poggei Dew. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 7: 21-22. HERMAN, W.S., & DALLMAN, S.H. 1981. Endocrine biology of the painted lady butterfly Vanessa cardui. Journal of Insect Physiology 27 (3): 163-168. *HERON, F.A. 1909. Zoological results of the Ruwenzori Expedition 1905-1906. Ruwenzori Expedition Reports 12. Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 19: 141-178. HERREN, J.K., GORDON, I., HOLLAND, P.W.H. & SMITH, D. 2007. The butterfly Danaus chrysippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Kenya is variably infected with respect to genotype and body size by a maternally transmitted male-killing endosymbiont (Spiroplasma). International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 27 (2): 62-69. HERRICH-SCHAEFFER, [G.A.W.] [1856-1858]. Rhopalocera. Sammlung neuer oder wenig bekannter aussereuropaischer Schmetterlinge 1 (1): 1-84. Regensburg. HESLOP, I.R.P. 1959. Precis octavia Cramer ab. kuala ab. nov. Entomologist 92: 5. *HESLOP, I.R.P. 1962. A new aberration of Precis clelia Cramer. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 74: 123-124.

105 HESSELBARTH, G. 1983. Beitrag zur Biologie von Ypthima asterope Klug (Lepidoptera: Satyridae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo 4 (1): 7-14. [] HESSELBARTH, G., VAN OORSCHOT, H., & WAGENER, S. 1995. Die Tagfalter der Turkei unter Berucksichtigung der angrenzenden Lander. Allgemeiner Teil, spezieller Teil. Band 1. Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae. Selbstverlag Sigbert Wagener, Hemdener Weg 19, D 46399 Bocholt, : 1-754. [#book] HEUCH, I., & CHANGER, D.O. 1982. The persistence of abnormal sex ratios in the African butterfly, Acraea encedon. Oikos 38 (2): 228-233. HEWITSON, W.C. 1851-1856. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 1: v, [1-124]. London. HEWITSON, W.C. 1857-1861. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 2 iv, [1-124]. London. HEWITSON, W.C. 1862-1866. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: iv, [1-124]. London. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1862-1878. Illustrations of diurnal lepidoptera. Lycaenidae 1: [i-viii], [1- 228]; 2: 1-95; Supplement: 1-48. London. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1863. A list of the diurnal Lepidoptera taken in Madagascar by Mr. Caldwell. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1863: 64-65. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1865. A monograph of the genus Ypthima, with descriptions of two new genera of diurnal lepidoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (3) 2: 281-294. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1866. Descriptions of new Hesperidae [Hesperiidae]. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (3) 2: 479-501. HEWITSON, W.C. 1867-1868. Descriptions of one hundred new species of Hesperidae [Hesperiidae] 1: [ii] + ii + 1-56. London. HEWITSON, W.C. 1867-1871. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 4: [iii], [1-118]. London. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1869a. Descriptions of new species of diurnal Lepidoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1869: 71-75. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1869b. Descriptions of new species of Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, from Old Calabar and Ecuador. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 6: 97-99. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1869c. Description of a new species of Epitola (Lycaenidae). Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 6: 86. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1870. Descriptions of two new species of Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 6: 177-178. HEWITSON, W.C. 1872-1877. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 5: [v], [1-127]. London. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1872a. Descriptions of seven new exotic Rhopalocera. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 9: 83-86. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1872b. Description of a new species of Papilio from Lagos. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 9: 146-147. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1873a. Descriptions of two new butterflies from the west coast of Africa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 9: 232-233. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1873b. Descriptions of three new species of Rhopalocera from Angola. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 10: 57-58. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1873c. Description of nine new species of Lycaenidae from the west coast of Africa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 10: 122-125. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1873d. Descriptions of six new species of Epitola from the west coast of Africa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 10: 149-151. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1874a. Descriptions of four new African butterflies. Entomologist’s Monthly

106 Magazine 10: 205-206. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1874b. Description of a new species of Charaxes from the west coast of Africa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 10: 247-248. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1874c. Description of two new west African butterflies from the collection of Henley G. Smith. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 10: 274. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1874d. Descriptions of new Lycaenidae from West Africa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 11: 36. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1874e. Descriptions of new species of butterflies. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 11: 56-58. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1874f. Descriptions of five new species of Acraea from west Africa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 11: 130-132. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1874g. Descriptions of new species of Lycaenidae, from his own collection. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1874: 343-355. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1874h. A list of the butterflies taken on the march to Coomassie by Lieutenant Alwin S. Bell, of the 2nd West-India Regiment, between Mansa and the River Prah, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 13: 380- 383. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1874i. Description of a butterfly from Madagascar forming a new genus, from the collection of Henley Grose Smith and (by his benevolence) of W.C. Hewitson. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 14: 359-360. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1875a. Descriptions of six new species of butterflies from South America, west Africa and Borneo. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 11: 182-184. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1875b. Descriptions of Rhopalocera from Madagascar. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 11: 226-227. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1875c. Description of a new species of Myrina from W. Africa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 12: 106-116. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1876a. Descriptions of twenty new species of Hesperidae [Hesperiidae]. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 18: 347-355. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1876b. Descriptions of twenty-five new species of Hesperidae [Hesperiidae] from his own collection. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 18: 449-457. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1877a. Notes on Rhopalocera from Angola, with description of a new species of Deudorix from Zanzibar. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 13: 205. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1877b. Description of a new Harma from west Africa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 13: 277-278. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1877c. Description of a new species of butterfly from Lake Nyassa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 14: 5-6. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1877d. Descriptions of four new species of Acraea from Lake Nyassa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 14: 51-52. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1877e. Descriptions of three new species of butterflies from Delagoa Bay. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 14: 81-83. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1877f. Descriptions of new species of Rhopalocera. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 14: 107-108. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1877g. Notes on a collection of butterflies from Zanzibar with descriptions of two new species of Acraea. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 14: 153-155. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1877h. Descriptions of twenty-five species of Hesperidae [Hesperiidae]. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 19: 76-85. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1877i. Descriptions of twenty-three new species of Hesperidae [Hesperiidae] from his own collection. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 20: 319-328. *HEWITSON, W.C. 1878. Descriptions of twenty new species of Hesperidae [Hesperiidae] from his own collection. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 1: 340-348.

107 HEYN, K. 1904. Pieris continentalis n. sp. Entomologische Zeitschrift. Frankfurt a.M. 18: 57-58. [=Belenois crawshayi] HIGGINS, L.G. 1925 [1924]. On the Ethiopian species of the genus Hesperia (Lep. Rhop.), with descriptions of two new species. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1924: 64-120. HIGGINS, L.G. 1941. An illustrated catalogue of the Palaearctic Melitaea (Lep. Rhopalocera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 91: 175-365. *HIGGINS, L.G. 1980. Obituary. Norman Denbigh Riley, C.B.E. 1890-1979. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 34 (1): 78-80. [Obituaries] HIGGINS, L.G. 1981. A revision of Phyciodes Hubner and related genera, with a review of the classification of the Melitaeinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 43: 77-243. HILL, M.J., MATYOT, P., VEL, T.M., Parr, S.J. & SHAH, N.J. 2002. Marianne. Atoll Research Bulletin 495: 157-176. HILLMAN, J.C. 1986. Bale Mountain National Park. Bale Administrative Region, Ethiopia. Management Plan. Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Organisation, Addis Ababa: i-xvi, 1- 250. [Includes Rhopalocera] HIRAI, N., TANIKAWA, T. & ISHII, M. 2011. Development, seasonal polyphenism and cold hardiness of the blue pansy, Junonia orithya orithya (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lepidoptera Science 62 (2): 57-63. Abstract: The blue pansy, Junonia orithya orithya (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) was reared under a photoperiod of 12L- 12D (short day) at 20 or 25° C or under 16L-8D (long day) at 20, 25 or 30°C, and larval development, seasonal polyphenism and cold hardiness were examined. The mean duration of larval and pupal stages decreased significantly with increase in temperature. The developmental threshold (to) and the thermal constant (K) for the larval and pupal stages were 13.7°C and 208.3 day-degrees, and 13.4°C and 99 day-degrees, respectively. Although all the adult females maintained under 16L-8D at 20 and 25°C produced mature eggs one week after emergence, none of those under 12L-12D at 20°C had produced mature eggs even 14 days after adult eclosion. Adults exhibited seasonal polyphenism in response to the photoperiod and temperature experienced at the larval and pupal stages. Under long-day photoperiods at high temperatures, eyespots developed on the ventral surface of the hind wing in both sexes, with an orange pattern also appearing on the dorsal surface of the hind wing in females only (long-day form). In contrast, under short day at low temperature the eye spots were obscure and the dorsal surface of the hind wing was usually blue in females ( short-day form). The supercooling points for larvae, pupae and adults were approximately -12, -17 and -20°C, respectively, irrespective of photoperiodic conditions. HIROKI, M., & KATO, Y. 1996. Age-related sexual receptivity change in virgin females of a butterfly, Eurema hecabe. Applied Entomology and Zoology 31 (3): 455-458. HIROKI, M., & KATO, Y. 1998. [Blue-type larvae of the pierid butterfly, Eurema hecabe (L.).] Butterflies 19: 60-61. HIROKI, M., KATO, Y., KAMITO, T., & MIURA, K. 2002. Feminization of genetic males by a symbiotic bacterium in a butterfly, Eurema hecabe (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Naturwissenschaften 89 (4): 167-170. [Wolbachia; Japan] HIROKI, M., & OBARA, Y. 1997. Delayed mating and its cost to female reproduction in the butterfly, Eurema hecabe. Journal of Ethology 15 (2): 79-85. HIROKI, M., OBARA, Y., & KATO, Y. 1998. Changes in age-related reproductive tactics in the female of the butterfly, Eurema hecabe. Naturwissenschaften 85 (11): 551-552. HIROKI, M., TAGAMI, Y., MIURA, K., & KATO, Y. 2004. Multiple infection with Wolbachia inducing different reproductive manipulations in the butterfly Eurema hecabe. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 271 (1549): 1751-1755. HIROTA, T., & KATO, Y. 2001. Influence of visual stimuli on host location in the butterfly, Eurema hecabe. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 101 (2): 199-206. HIRUKAWA, N. 1995. [Observing the larva of Cynthia cardui.] Nature & Insects 30 (14): 42. HIRUKAWA, N. 2012. A record of red as a food plant of long-tailed blue Lampides boeticus. Butterflies (Teinopalpus) 2012 May 31: 56-57. ABSTRACT: It is reported that red clover Trifolium pratense was used as a food plant by long-tailed blue Lampides boeticus in Chiba, Japan. HITCHINGS, V.H. 2005. Distribution maps and flight phenograms of the butterflies from the

108 Oman Natural History Museum collection, 2004. Published by the author, 7490 Brompton Rd, #478, Houston, Texas 77025, USA: 1-73. HITCHINGS, V.H. & SKULE, B. 2004. Distribution maps of the butterflies of Oman: from the collection of Bjarne Skule. Published by the authors, 7490 Brompton Rd, #478, Houston, Texas 77025, USA: 1-51. HOBBY, B.M. 1953. Obituary. Geoffrey Douglass Hale Carpenter. British Medical Journal 1: 406. HOFFMANN, W.E. 1935. Observations on a hesperid leaf-roller and a lace-bug, two pests of banana in Kwangtung. Lingnan. Science Journal 14: 634–649. [Erionota torus] HOFFMANSEGG, J.C.G. 1804. Alphabetisches Verzeichniss zu J. Hubner’s Abbildungen der Papilionen mit den beigefugten vorzuglichsten Synonymen. Magazin fur Insektenkunde (Illiger) 4: 181-206. HOFMANN, P., & DIETZ, M. 1984. Entomologische Aufsammlungen und Beobachtungen in der Umgebung von Jeddah und Abha (Saudi-Arabien) (Lep., Rhopalocera). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo 5 (2-3): 43-60. [Checklist for Abha and Jeddah regions of Saudi Arabia] *HOLLAND, W.J. 1886. Contributions to a knowledge of the Lepidoptera of west Africa. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 13: 325-332. HOLLAND, W.J. 1890a. Descriptions of new West African Lycaenidae. Psyche, a Journal of Entomology. Cambridge, Mass. 5: 423-431. HOLLAND, W.J. 1890b. Description of three new species of African Hesperidae [Hesperiidae]. Entomological News 1: 155-156. HOLLAND, W.J. 1891a. Descriptions of new species of African Hesperidae [Hesperiidae] [continued]. Entomological News 2: 3-6. HOLLAND, W.J. 1891b. Descriptions of new West African Lycaenidae; Paper II. Psyche, a Journal of Entomology. Cambridge, Mass. 6: 50-53. *HOLLAND, W.J. 1892a. Descriptions of some new species of African Lepidoptera. Entomologist Supplement 25: 89-95. *HOLLAND, W.J. 1892b. Descriptions of some new species of African Lepidoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 10: 284-295. HOLLAND, W.J. 1892c. New species of Neptis from Africa. Entomological News 3: 248-250. HOLLAND, W.J. 1893a. Some new and little known African butterflies. Entomological News 4: 22-28. HOLLAND, W.J. 1893b. African Hesperiidae. Entomological News 5: 26-31. HOLLAND, W.J. 1893c. Descriptions of four new West African butterflies. Canadian Entomologist 25: 1-3. HOLLAND, W.J. 1894. Some new and little-known African Hesperiidae. Entomological News 5: 89-95. HOLLAND, W.J. 1895a. Two new African lycaenids. Entomological News 6: 166-168. HOLLAND, W.J. 1895b. List of the Lepidoptera collected in eastern Africa by Dr. W.L. Abbott, with descriptions of some apparently new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 18: 229-258. HOLLAND, W.J. 1895c. List of the Lepidoptera collected in Somali-Land, East Africa, by Mr. William Astor Chanler and Lieutenant von Hoenel. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 18: 259-264. HOLLAND, W.J. 1895d. List of the Lepidoptera from Aldabra, Seychelles, and other East African islands, collected by Dr. W.L. Abbott. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 18: 265-273. HOLLAND, W.J. 1895e. List of the Lepidoptera collected in East Africa, 1894, by Mr. William Astor Chanler and Lieutenant Ludwig Von Hohnel. Proceedings of the United States

109 National Museum 18: 741-767. *HOLLAND, W.J. 1896. A preliminary revision and synonomic catalogue of the Hesperiidae of Africa and the adjacent islands, with descriptions of some apparently new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 2-107. HOLLAND, W.J. 1913. A new Lycaenid from Kamerun, West Africa (Lep.). Entomological News 24: 301-302. HOLLAND, W.J. 1917. Two new West African Rhopalocera. Annales of the Carnegie Museum 11: 14-18. HOLLAND, W.J. 1920. Lepidoptera of the Congo, being a systematic list of the butterflies and moths collected by the American Museum of Natural History Congo Expedition, together with descriptions of some hitherto undescribed species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 43: 109-369. HOLLOWAY, G.J., & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 1995. Artificial selection of reaction norms of wing pattern elements in Bicyclus anynana. Heredity 74 (1): 91-99. HOLLOWAY, G.J., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., & KOFMAN, S. 1993. The genetics of wing pattern elements in the polyphenic butterfly, Bicyclus anynana. Heredity 70 (2): 179-186. *HOLLOWAY, G.J., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., KOFMAN, S. & WINDIG, J.J. 1991. An artificial diet for butterflies, including Bicyclus species, and its effect on development period, weight and wing pattern. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 30 (1-2): 121-128. HOLMES, C.W.N. 2001. A reappraisal of the Bebearia mardania complex (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Tropical Zoology (Florence) 14 (1): 31-62. HOMEYER, A.V., & DEWITZ, H. 1882. Drei neue westafrikanishe Charaxes. Berliner Entomologiche Zeitschrift 26: 381-383. HONDA, K. 2008. Addiction to pyrrolizidine alkaloids in male danaine butterflies: a quest for the evolutionary origin of pharmacophagy. In: MAES, R.P. [Ed.] 2008. Insect Physiology: New Research. Nova Science Publishers, New York. i-xiii, 1-327. Chapter pagination: 73- 118. HONEY, M.R., & SCOBLE, M.J. 2001. Linnaeus’s butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperiodea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 132 (3): 277-399. [Lectotype designations for species described by Linnaeus.] HONRATH, E. G. 1884. Neue Rhopalocera. Berliner Entomologiche Zeitschrift 28: 203-212. HONRATH, E. G. 1892. Neue Rhopalocera. Berliner Entomologiche Zeitschrift 36: 429-440. HOPFFER, [C.] 1855. Lepidoptera Diurna. In Hr Peters legte von sie nem Reisewerke uber Mossambique… Diagnosen neurer Coleopteren und Lepidopteren. Berichte uber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Konigl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1855: 639-643. HOPFFER, C. 1862. Lepidoptera. Schmetterlinge. In: PETERS, W.C.H., Reise Nach Mossambique. 349-438. Berlin. *HOPFFER, C. 1866. Uber cenea Stoll. Stettiner Entomologischer Zeitung 27: 131-132. HOPKINS, B. 1970. The Olokemeji Forest Reserve: check list. Nigerian Field 35: 123-144 [butterflies: 140-143]. HORNETT, E.A., CHARLAT, S., WEDELL, N., JIGGINS, C.D. & HURST, G.D.D. 2009. Rapidly shifting sex ratio across a species range. Current Biology 19 (19): 1628-1631. [Hypolimans bolina; Wolbachia] HORSFIELD, T. [1828-1829]. A descriptive catalogue of the lepidopterous insects contained in the museum of the Honourable East India Company 1 (1828): [i-ii], 1-80; [2] [1829]: 81-144. London. HORSFILED, T., & MOORE, F. [1858]. A catalogue of the lepidopterous insects in the museum of the Hon. East India Company 1: [xviii], 1-278 + iv + 11 pp. London. [Dated by Cowan (1975)]

110 *HOWARD, C.W. 1909. A feeding habit of some Lourenco Marques butterflies. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 1 (4): 224-225. [Sevenia boisduvali] HOWARD, P.C. 1991. Nature conservation in Uganda’s tropical forest reserves. xvii, 1-313. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. [List of Papilionidae and Charaxes from 12 Ugandan forest reserves]. [@chap] HOWARTH, T.G. 1959a. A description of a new race of Acraea cerasa Hewitson (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) with some notes on related species. Entomologist 92: 133-136. HOWARTH, T.G. 1959b. A new species of Diestogyna Karsch (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from Nigeria. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 28: 132-134. HOWARTH, T.G. 1960. Further notes on Acraea cerasa Hewitson (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) and some corrections to a previous paper. Entomologist 93: 184-185. *HOWARTH, T.G. 1966. Revisional notes on the genus Antanartia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) (B) 18: 21-43. HOWARTH, T.G. 1969. Revisional notes on the genus Antanartia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 38: 141-156. *HRABAR, H. & DU TOIT, J.T. 2014. Interactions between megaherbivores and microherbivores: elephant browsing reduces host plant quality for caterpillars. Ecosphere 5(1): 7, 1–6. HUBNER, J. (continued by GEYER, G.) [1799]-[1838]. Sammlung europaische Schmetterlinge 1 Papiliones: 207 plates. Augsburg. HUBNER, J. [1806]. Tentamen determinationis digestionis atque denomnationis singularum stirpium Lepidoptorum, peritis ad inspiciendum et dijudicandum communicatum [2] pp. Augsburg. HUBNER, J. [1806-1819]. Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge 1: [vi], 213 plates. Augsburg. HUBNER, J. 1808. Erste Zutrage zur Sammlung Exotischer Schmetterlinge [1-3] + 4-8 pp. Augsburg. HUBNER, J. [1808-1818]. Zutrage zur Sammlung exotischer Schmettlinge [Schmetterlinge] 1: [3] + 4-6 + [7] + 8-32 + [33]-[40] pp. (1818), plates 1-35 ([1808]-[1818]). Augsburg. HUBNER, J. [1816-[1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge [Schmetterlinge] 1-432 + 72 pp. Augsburg. HUBNER, J. [1819-1827]. Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge 2: [vi], 225 plates. Augsburg. HUBNER, J. 1822. Systematisch-alphabetisches Verzeichniss aller bischer bey den Furbildungen zur Sammlung europaischer Schmetterlinge angegeben Gattungsbenennungen; mit Vormerkung auch augsburgischer Gattungen [iii] + iv-vi + [1] + 2-81. Augsburg. HUBNER, J. 1837. Zutrage zur Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge 5: 1-52. Augsburg. [Plates issued separately [1832]-[1836]]. HUERTAS, B. 2015. Obituary – Torben Bjorn Larsen. 12 January 1944 – 21 May 2015. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 127: 180-182. HULSTAERT, [R.]P.G. 1924a. Pieridae nouveaux de l’Afrique Central. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaine 12: 90-99. HULSTAERT, [R.]P.G. 1924b. Lycaenidae nouveaux des collections du Musee du Congo Belge. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaine 12: 112-122; 173-194. HULSTAERT, [R.]P.G. 1924c. Rhopaloceres nouveaux du Congo Belge. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaine 12: 476-481. HULSTAERT, [R.P.]G. 1926. Rhopaloceres nouveaux du Musee du Congo Belge. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaine 14: 60-63. HULSTAERT, R.P.G. 1931. Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, Fam. Danaidae, Subfam. Danaidinae and Tellervinae. Genera Insectorum (193), [ii] + 1-213. *HUMPDEN, N.N. & NATHAN, G.N. 2010. Effects of plant structure on butterfly diversity in Mt. Marsabit Forest – northern Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 48: 304-312. HUMPHREYS, H.N., & WESTWOOD, J.O. 1841. British butterflies and their transformations

111 xii +1-138 + [ii]. London. HURST, G.D.D., JIGGINS, F.M., SCHULENBERG, J.H.G., BERTRAND, D., WEST, S.A., GORIACHEVA, I.I., ZAKHAROV, I.A., WERREN, J.H., STOUTHAMER, R., & MAJERUS, M.E.N. 1999. Male-killing Wolbachia in two species of insect. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 266: 735-740. HURST, J., LYON, D.B., & O’KEEFE, E. 1995. Kyabobo ’94: A joint Ghanaian and Oxford University Expedition. Kyabobo Conservation Project, Oxford. [#book] *HUXLEY, J. 1976. The coloration of Papilio zalmoxis and P. antimachus, and the discovery of Tyndall blue in butterflies. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (B), Biological Sciences 193 (1113): 441-453. IDRIS, E. & HASSAN, S.S.M. 2012. The Queen Butterfly, Danaus chrysippus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) at Khartoum, Sudan. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences A Entomology 5 (2): 95-102. Abstract: Within the region of East and Central Africa, the aposematic butterfly D. chrysippus is characterized by unusual ecology, due to the co-occurrence of polymorphism, mimicry and sex ratio distortion. In this paper, we describe a survey conducted for D. chrysippus at Khartoum, based upon morphological and molecular investigations. The goal of the study was to determine whether Sudan is a part of the presumed hybrid zone of D. chrysippus in Africa, where the butterfly shows the unusual ecology. D. chrysippus was found to display considerable colour pattern polymorphism. Only one mimetic form, the batesian mimic, female Hypolimnas misippus was recorded. The population sex ratio of D. chrysippus did not show significant deviation from the 1:1 ratio. Molecular tests for the male-killing bacteria Spiroplasma yielded negative results. The study concluded that central Sudan belongs to the hybrid zone but lacks its characteristic ecology. *IDRIS, E. & HASSAN, S.S.M. 2013. Biased sex ratios and aposomatic polymorphism in African butterflies: A hypothesis. Ideas in Ecology and Evolution 6: 5-16. [Danaus chrysippus, Telchinia encedon, Telchinia encedana] IGARASHI, S. 1984. The classification of the Papilionidae mainly based on the morphology of their immature stages. Tyo To Ga 34 (2): 41-96. [pupa of Pharmacophagus antenor] IGARASHI, S., & FUKUDA, H. 1991. The life histories of Asian butterflies. Vol. 1. Tokyo: Tokai University Press. [early stages of Junonia orithya] [#book] IGARASHI, S., & FUKUDA, H. 2000. The life histories of Asian butterflies. Vol. 2. Tokyo: Tokai University Press, 711 pp. [early stages of Erionota torus] [#book] IHEAGWAM, E.U. 1981. Natural enemies and alternative host plant of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihota (Homoptera, Pseudococcidae) in south-eastern Nigeria. Revue de Zoologie Africaine 95 (2): 433-438. [Spalgis lemolea] INOUE, S. & KAWAZOE A. 1970. Hesperiid butterflies from South Vietnam (5). Tyô to Ga 21 (1, 2): 1–14. [genitalia of Erionota torus] INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1943. Opinion 146. Suspension of the rules for Colias Fabricius, 1807 (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 2: 111- 118. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1945. Opinion 163. Suspension of the rules for Euploea Fabricius, 1807 (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera). Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 2: 335-346. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1946a. Opinion 177. On the type of the genus Euchloe Hubner, [1819] (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera), a genus based upon an erroneously determined species. Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 2: 533-544. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1946b. Opinion 179. On the type of the genus Princeps Hubner, [1807], and its synonym =Orpheides Hubner, [1819](Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera), genera based upon an erroneously determined species. Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 2: 557-568.

112 INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1947. Opinion 181. On the type of the genus Carcharodus Hubner, [1819], and its synonym Spilothyrus Duponchel, 1835 (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera), genera based upon an erroneously determined species. Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 2: 589-612. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1954a. Opinion 214. Designation, under the plenary powers, of a type species for the genus “Actinote” Hubner [1819] (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera) in harmony with accustomed usage. Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 4: 41-50. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1954b. Opinion 232. Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 4: 251-274. [Placed on Official Lists: Fabricius’ genera (with types) Neptis (aceris); daplidice L. (type of Pontia)] INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1954c. Opinion 278. Additions to the “Official List of Generic Names in Zoology” of the names of ten genera of the suborder Rhopalocera of the Order Lepidoptera (Class Insecta), species which were cited in the undated leaflet commonly known as the “Tentamen”, prepared by Jacob Hubner, which is believed to have been distributed to correspondents in 1806, a leaflet rejected in “Opinion 97”. Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 6: 137-177. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1954d. Opinion 282. Determination of the species to which the specific name plexippus Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the combination Papilio plexippus (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera) shall be held to apply. Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 6: 225-267. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1958. Opinion 516. Determination under the plenary powers of the relative precedence to be assigned to certain works on the Order Lepidoptera (Class Insecta) published in 1775 by Pieter Cramer, Michael Denis & Ignaz Schiffermuller, Johan Christian Fabricius, Johann Casper Fuessly, and S.A. von Rottemburg respectively. Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 19: 1-44. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1959a. Opinion 566. Suppression under the plenary powers of the generic name “Tingra” Boisduval, 1847, and designation under the same powers for the genera “Liptena” Westwood, [1851], and “Pentila” Westwood, [1851], of type species in harmony with accustomed usage (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera). Opinions and Declarations Rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 20: 377-389. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1959b. Opinion 577. Addition to the Official List of Names in Zoology of the generic names Caligo Hubner, [1819], and Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816, and of the family-group names based thereon (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 17: 140-142. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1962. Opinion 620. Papilio dardanus Brown, 1776 (Insecta, Lepidoptera); validated under the Plenary Powers. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 19: 72-73. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1963. Opinion 678. The suppression under the plenary powers of the pamphlet published by Meigen, 1800. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 20: 339-342. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1966. Opinion 789. Rejection of the pamphlet by J. Hubner, 1808, entitled Erste Zutrage zur Sammlung

113 Exotischer Schmetterlinge. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 23: 213-220. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1967a. Opinion 814. Ornipholidotos Bethune Baker, 1914 (Insecta, Lepidoptera): designation of type species under the plenary powers. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 24: 145-146. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1967b. Opinion 819. Ypthima Hubner, 1818 (Insecta, Lepidoptera): designation of a type-species under the plenary powers. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 24: 210-211. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1967c. Opinion 823. Arisbe Hubner, [1819] (Insecta, Lepidoptera): designation of a type-species under the plenary powers. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 24: 218-219. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1967d. Opinion 827. Gegenes Hubner, [1819] (Insecta, Lepidoptera): designation of a type-species under the plenary powers.. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 24: 226-227. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1968. Opinion 842. Papilio lintingensis Osbeck, 1765 (Insecta, Lepidoptera): suppressed under the plenary powers.. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 25: 6-7. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1970. Opinion 922. Charaxes iocaste Butler, 1865 (Insecta, Lepidoptera): rejected as an unavailable name. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 27: 81-82. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1986a. Opinion 1380. Euphaedra Hűbner, [1819] (Insecta, Lepidoptera): conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 43 (1): 39-41. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1986b. Opinion 1398. Capys Hewitson, [1865] (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae): conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 43 (2): 152-153. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1988. Opinion 1478. Lycaena mirza Plotz, 1880 (currently Azanus mirza, Insecta, Lepidoptera): specific name conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 45 (1): 78. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 1999. Opinion 1917. Papilio camillus Fabricius, 1781 (currently Cyrestis camillus) and Limenitis reducta Staudinger, 1901 (Insecta, Lepidoptera): specific names conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 56 (1): 87-88. *INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 2011. Opinion 2279. (Case 3488) Papilio danae Fabricius, 1775 (currently Colotis danae; Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pieridae): usage conserved by the suppression of Papilio danae Hufnagel, 1766. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 68 (3): 222-223. Abstract: The combination Papilio danae Fabricius, 1775 (Lepidoptera, PIERIDAE) has been conserved by suppression of the primary homonym Papilio danae Hufnagel, 1766. The current combination Colotis danae is well- established as the valid name for a common and widespread butterfly with many subspecies in Africa, Arabia, and Asia. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 2013. Opinion 2319. Case 3503). Papilio hesperus Westwood, 1843 (Insecta, Lepidoptera, PAPILIONIDAE): conserved by suppression of Papilio hesperus Fabricius, 1793 (NYMPHALIDAE). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 70 (2): 127-128. Abstract: The Commission has conserved the name Papilio hesperus Westwood, 1843 by suppression of Papilio hesperus Fabricius, 1793. Coincidentally this also conserves the name Harma chalcis C. & R. Felder, 1860, which is in widespread use in much of Africa in the combination Euryphura chalcis. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE 2015. Opinion 2359. Case 3573). Papilio narcissus Fabricius, 1798 (currently Heteropsis narcissus; Lepidoptera, NYMPHALIDAE): specific name conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 72 (2): 171-172. *JACK, R. 1993. The yella florella. Metamorphosis 4 (4): 182-183. [A poem] JACKSON, T.H.E. 1937. The early stages of some African Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera), with an

114 account of the larval habits. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 86: 201-238. JACKSON, T.H.E. 1947. The early stages of some African Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (A) 22: 44-48. JACKSON, T.H.E. 1951. Notes on some new or rare Rhopalocera from eastern Africa. Revisional notes and descriptions of some new East African Rhopalocera. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 20: 91-105. JACKSON, T.H.E. 1956. Notes on the Rhopalocera of the Kigezi district of Uganda with descriptions of new species and subspecies. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society 23: 63-102. *JACKSON, T.H.E. 1957. Protective mimicry in the pupa of Epitola urania (Lep.: Lycaenidae) 20: 234. JACKSON, T.H.E. 1961. Entomological studies from a high tower in Mpanga Forest, Uganda. IX. Observations on the Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 113: 346-350. JACKSON, T.H.E. 1962a. The undescribed female of Pseudathyma lucretioides Hale-Carpenter and Jackson (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (13) 4: 577-578. *JACKSON, T.H.E. 1962b. Notes on the Epitolinae with descriptions of a new genus and a new species and subspecies. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 12: 125-163. *JACKSON, T.H.E. 1964a. Notes on the Epitolinae, Part II.. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 15: 59-80. JACKSON, T.H.E. 1964b. Addenda and corrigenda to notes on the Epitolinae Jackson 1962 and 1964, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 12(3), 125-162 and 15(3), 59-80. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (13) 7: 607-700. JACKSON, T.H.E. 1966. A revision of the genus Chloroselas Butler, with a note on Alaena Boisduval and descriptions of a few new African Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera – Lycaenidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (13) 8: 523-531. *JACKSON, T.H.E. 1967. The synonymy in Citrinophila Kirby and further notes on Epitola Westwood and Alaena Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Journal of Natural History 1: 327-336. JACKSON, T.H.E. 1968. Notes on the genus Epitola Westwood [Lep. Lycaenidae]. Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 30: 1472-1476. JACKSON, T.H.E. 1969a. A note on the genus Pseudathyma Staudinger with descriptions of a new species (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Journal of Natural History 3: 493-496. *JACKSON, T.H.E. 1969b. A revision of the genus Telipna Aurivillius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 23: 1-24. JACKSON, T.H.E., & HOWARTH, T.G. 1957. Diestogyna butleri Aurivillius (Lep.: Nymphalidae) and corrections to an earlier papar. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 26: 99-102. *JACOBS, L. 1991. Butterfly gems of Zimbabwe. Metamorphosis 2 (1): 35-37. JAENIKE, J. 2007. Fighting back against male-killers. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 22 (4): 167-169. [Hypolimnas bolina; Wolbachia] JANET, M.A. 1894. Mycalesis noblemairei n. sp. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 63: 256-257. JANNONE, G. 1948. Studi e ricerche di entomología agraria ín Eritrea e in Etiopia. Y. Rinvenimento, morfo-biologia e danni della Zophopetes dysmephila Trimen (Lep., Rhop., Hesperiidae) in Eritrea. JANOWITZ, S.A. & FISCHER, K. 2010. Costing reproduction: effects of mating opportunity on

115 mating success in male Bicyclus anynana butterflies. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 64 (12): 1999-2006. JANOWITZ, S.A. & FISCHER, K. 2011. Opposing effects of heat stress on male versus female reproductive success in Bicyclus anynana butterflies. Journal of Thermal Biology 36 (5): 283-287. Abstract: In ectothermic organisms, reproductive success and survival are vitally affected by temperature. Here, we analyzed the effects of a short-time exposure to heat stress (1 h at 40°C versus controls) on reproductive success and longevity in Bicyclus anynana butterflies. After having applied heat stress or a control treatment, individuals were mated in all four possible sexes by treatment combinations. Heat exposure of females caused a subsequent reduction in longevity, fecundity, egg size and concomitantly reproductive investment. Heat exposure of males also reduced longevity, but had in general little effect on the reproduction of female mates. However, females having mated with heat-stressed males showed surprisingly an increased rather than decreased early fecundity, which may indicate an increased investment in current reproduction in stressful environments. Heat stress had no significant effect on egg hatching success, time to copulation and copulation duration. Our results suggest that a short period of heat stress may substantially reduce longevity and reproductive output, with striking differences among sexes. We found no evidence for males being more strongly affected by heat stress than females. *JANOWITZ, S.A. & FISCHER, K. 2012. Polyandry in Bicyclus anynana butterflies results from sexual conflict over mating. Ethology 118 (12): 1140-1148. Abstract: Although only one or just a few matings are considered sufficient to maximise a female's reproductive success, polyandry is a common mating system in insects and other animals. Female polyandry may either result from direct or indirect benefits of mating multiply, or from male harassment and thus sexual conflict over mating. Here, we test whether the latter is involved in determining female mating frequency in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. We used a full-factorial design with three different sex ratios and densities each, resulting in a total of nine treatment groups. Sex ratio but not density affected female mating frequency, which increased with an increasingly male-biased sex ratio. Our results thus suggest that female polyandry in B. anynana results from sexual conflict, although females seem to be able to reject courting males at least to some extent. Therefore, polyandry in this species may occur in the first place from convenience, as the costs of resisting male harassment may be higher than mating repeatedly. *JANSE, A.J.T. 1968. Obituary – Georges van Son. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 31 (1): 237-239. *JANSE, A.J.T. 1969. Obituary. Ernest E. Platt, a South African lepidopterist. Journal of the Lepidopterist’s Society 23 (2): 135-136. *JANSE, A.J.T. & DICKSON, C.G.C. 1965. Obituary – Gowan Coningsby Clark 1888-1964. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 27 (2): 267-268. JARVIS, F.V.L. 1953. The relationship of Colias croceus (Fourcroy) and Colotis electo (Linn.). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 104: 521-542. JEFFERY, G.W. 1931. A new race of Charaxes fulvescens Auriv., from Kenya Colony. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (4): [1 p.]. JENKINS, M.D. 1987. Madagascar: An environmental profile. Gland, Switzeland: IUCN. JEW, E.K.K., LOOS, J., DOUGILL, A.J., SALLU, S.M. & BENTON, T.G. 2015. Butterfly communities in miombo woodland: Biodiversity declines with increasing woodland utilisation. Biological Conservation 192: 436-444. *JESSNITZ, V. 2002. Kalahari Clips – more on the little hairtail from the Kalahari. Metamorphosis 13 (4): 107-108. [Anthene lindae] JIAN, M., ZHANG, L. & MAO, R. 2011. Studies on the antennal sensilla of Chilades pandava by scanning electron microscopy. Journal of South Agricultural University 32 (2): 52-54, 56. Abstract: The antennal sensilla of adult Chilades pandava Horsfeid was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was revealed that five kinds of sensilla, sensilla stellate, sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla basiconca and Bohm bristles were on antennae. The amount of sensilla was different between female and male adults, but the category, shape and distribution were the same between them. *JIGGINS, F.M. 2002. Widespread ‘hilltopping’ in Acraea butterflies and the origin of sex-role- reversed swarming in Acraea encedon and A. encedana. African Journal of Ecology 40 (3): 228-231. [Uganda, Mabira forest, Acraea encedon, Acraea encedana]. [PDF file on CD 1] *JIGGINS, F.M. 2003. Male-killing Wolbachia and mitochondrial DNA: selective sweeps, hybrid introgression and parasite population dynamics. Genetics 164 (1): 5-12. [Acraea encedon, Acraea encedana]. [PDF file on CD 1]

116 *JIGGINS, F.M., BENTLEY, J.K., MAJERUS, M.E.N., & HURST, G.D.D. 2001. How many species are infected with Wolbachia. Proceedings Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 268 (1472): 1123-1126. *JIGGINS, F.M., BENTLEY, J.K., MAJERUS, M.E.N., & HURST, G.D.D. 2002. Recent changes in phenotype and patterns of host specialization in Wolbachia bacteria. Molecular Ecology 11 (8): 1275-1283. [Acraea] JIGGINS, F.M., HURST, G.D.D., DOLMAN, C.E., & MAJERUS, M.E.N. 2000. High- prevalence of male-killing Wolbachia in the butterfly Acraea encedana. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 13 (3): 495-501. JIGGINS, F.M., HURST, G.D.D., JIGGINS, C.D., SCHULENBURG, J.H.G., & MAJERUS, M.E.N. 2000. The butterfly Danaus chrysippus is infected by a male-killing Spiroplasma bacterium. Parasitology 120 (5): 439-446. *JIGGINS, F.M., HURST, G.D.D., & MAJERUS, M.E.N. 1998. Sex ratio distortion in Acraea encedon (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) is caused by a male-killing bacterium. Heredity 81 (1): 87-91. *JIGGINS, F.M, HURST, G.D.D., & MAJERUS, M.E.N. 2000. Sex-ratio-distorting Wolbachia causes sex-role reversal in its butterfly host. Proceedings Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 267 (1438): 69-73. (Acraea encedon). *JIGGINS, F.M., HURST, G.D.D., SCHULENBURG, J., HINRICH, G.V.D., & MAJERUS, M.E.N. 2001. Two male-killing Wolbachia strains coexist within a population of the butterfly Acraea encedon. Heredity 86 (2): 161-166. [PDF file on CD 1] *JIGGINS, F.M., KATENDE, A., & MAJERUS, M.E.N. 1998 (2003). Records of the host plants and clutch sizes of Acraea butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 37: 69-70. [Uganda]. [PDF file on CD 1]. JIGGINS, F.M., RANDERSON, J.P., HURST, G.D.D., & MAJERUS, M.E.N. 2002. How can sex ratio distorters reach extreme prevalences? Male-killing Wolbachia are not suppressed and have near-perfect vertical transmission efficiency in Acraea encedon. Evolution 56 (11): 2290-2295. *JOANNOU, J.G. 1990. A visit to Fairview. Metamorphosis 1 (25): 5-6. *JOANNOU, J.G. 1992. A comparative study of the immature stages of the southern African species of Papilio Linnaeus and an account of the life history of Papilio constantinus Ward, 1871 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Metamorphosis 3 (3): 89-94. *JOANNOU, J.G. 1994. Phosphor frolics. Metamorphosis 5 (2): 72-74. *JOANNOU, J.[G.] 2006. The dark green fleece. Metamorphosis 17 (2): 51-61. JOANNOU, J.G., OBERPRIELER, R.G. & WILLIAMS, M.C. 1992. Rearing and breeding techniques. In: Woodhall-SE [Ed.] A Practical Guide to Butterflies and Moths in Southern Africa. Lepidopterists' Society of Southern Africa, Florida Hills, South Africa: 1-223, chapter pagination: 126-149. [@chap] *JOANNOU, J.G., STAUDE, H.S., & WOODHALL, S.E. 1995. An annotated list of Lepidoptera collected at Mariepskop, South Africa. Metamorphosis 6 (2): 57-66. JOHNSON, S.[D.] 1992. A butterfly with a passion for red. African Wildlife 46 (4): 176-178. (Aeropetes tulbaghia). JOHN, E., GASCOIGNE-PEES, M. & LARSEN, T.B. 2010. Ypthima asterope (Klug, 1832) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae): its biogeography, lifecycle, ecology and present status in Cyprus, with additional notes from Rhodes and the eastern Mediterranean. Entomologists’ Gazette 61: 1-22. *JOHNSON, S.D. 1994. Evidence for Batesian mimicry in a butterfly-pollinated orchid. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 53 (1): 91-104. (Meneris [Aeropetes] tulbaghia). JOHNSON, S.D., & BOND, W.J. 1992. Habitat dependent pollination success in a Cape orchid. Oecologia(Heidelberg) 91 (3): 455-456. (Meneris [Aeropetes] tulbaghia).

117 JOHNSON, S.D., & BOND, W.J. 1994. Red flowers and butterfly pollination in the fynbos of South Africa. Tasks for Vegetation Science 31: 137-148. (Meneris [Aeropetes] tulbaghia). JOHNSON, S.D., HARRIS, L.F. & PROCHES, S. 2009. Pollination and breeding systems of selected wildflowers in a southern African grassland community. South African Journal of Botany 75 (4): 630-645. [Role of butterflies in pollination of wildflowers in South African grasslands] *JOICEY, J.J., & TALBOT, G. 1916. A new sphingid and little-known butterflies from Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 1916 (8) 17: 477-478. *JOICEY, J.J., & TALBOT, G. 1918. New butterflies from Africa and the east. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1917: 271-272. JOICEY, J.J., & TALBOT, G. 1921. New Lepidoptera collected by Mr. T.A. Barns in east central Africa. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 40-166. JOICEY, J.J., & TALBOT, G. 1922a. New forms of the genus Charaxes (Nymphalidae) from Africa and Malaya. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 335-338. JOICEY, J.J., & TALBOT, G. 1922b. New forms of butterflies from Africa. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 339-342. JOICEY, J.J., & TALBOT, G. 1924a. Descriptions of four new butterflies. Entomologist 57: 37- 40. JOICEY, J.J., & TALBOT, G. 1924b. New forms of African Lepidoptera. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 539-564. JOICEY, J.J., & TALBOT, G. 1925. Notes on some Lepidoptera, with descriptions of new forms. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 16: 633-653. JOICEY, J.J., & TALBOT, G. 1926a. New forms of Lepidoptera from the island of Sao Thome, West Africa. Entomologist 59: 220-226. JOICEY, J.J., & TALBOT, G. 1926b. A new nymphalid from the Congo. Entomologist 59: 248. JOICEY, J.J., & TALBOT, G. 1927a. New forms of Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Encyclopedie Entomologique (B.3 Lepidoptera) 2: 1-14. JOICEY, J.J., & TALBOT, G. 1927b. Four new butterflies from the island of St. Principe. Entomologist 60: 12-16. JOICEY, J.J., & TALBOT, G. 1928. New forms of Rhopalocera in the Hill Museum. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 2: 19-27. *JOLY, C. 2003. Contribution a l’etude des Charaxinae du Ghana (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Notes Fauniques de Gembloux 50: 27-47. [Distribution and population dynamics of Charaxinae in Ghana] JOLY, C. 2009. Note on the “eupale complex” in Malawi. Lambillionea 109 (4) (Tome 1): 397. [biology, distribution, natural history, systematics; Malawi] JOLY, C., BERNAUD, D., & PIERRE, J. 2005. Entomological mission to Malawi. Lambillionea 105 (1): 1-31. [Acraeinae; Lycaenidae; Nymphalidae; Pieridae]. JONES, N. 1918. The Lycaenidae of Southern Rhodesia. Proceedings of the Rhodesian Scientific Association 16 (2): 10-20. *JONES, R.E., & RIENKS, J. 1987. Reproductive seasonality in the tropical genus Eurema (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Biotropica 19 (1): 7-16. JONES, S. 1989. Report on other wildlife. Royal Air Force Ornithological Society Journal No. 19: 33-34. [Lampides boeticus recorded on Ascension Island] JORDAN, K. 1908a. Some new and some unfigured Lepidoptera. Novitates Zoologicae 15: 253- 258. *JORDAN, K. 1908b. [No title]. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1908: 69- 70. *JORDAN, K. 1910. New forms of Acraeine genera, Planema and Actinote. Novitates Zoologicae 17: 462-469. *JORDAN, K. 1911. Two new African butterflies. Novitates Zoologicae 18: 137-138.

118 *JORDAN, K. 1914. An interesting form of Planema macaria. Novitates Zoologicae 21: 254. *JORDAN, K. 1925. On some subspecies of African Charaxes. Novitates Zoologicae 32: 288-289. JORDAN, K. 1932. A new species of Abantis from the Cameroons. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 6: 89. *JORDAN, K. 1936. On two South African Charaxes (Lepid., Nymphalidae). Novitates Zoologicae 39: 330-333. *JORDAN, K. 1937. On some Old-World Lepidoptera. Novitates Zoologicae 40: 323-325. JORIS-MAYENCE, A., & MONFORT, A. 1989. Distribution des Pieridae dans les zones naturelles du Rwanda. Lambillionea 88 (11-12): 173-180. JOSHI, N.N., MAMDAPUR, V.R., & CHADHA, M.S. 1984. A new synthesis of (E)-3,7- dimethyloct-2-en-1,8-diol, a component of the hairpencil secretion of African monarch butterfly. Indian Journal of Chemistry Section B Organic Chemistry including Medicinal Chemistry 23 (3): 238-240. [Danaus chrysippus; pheromones] JOST, B. 1994. Faune du Cameroun. Lambillionea 94 (1) (Tome I): 5, 14. JOST, B. 2000. [Observations on Kallima cymodoce Cramer 1797.] Lambillionea 100 (1) (Tome II): 173. *JOUBERT, S., & LUNDERSTEDT, M.W. 1996. Easter in the Vumba. Metamorphosis 7 (2): 81-87. *JUERGENS, A. & WITT, T. 2014. Pollen-ovule ratios and flower visitors of day-flowering and nightflowering Conophytum (Aizoaceae) species in South Africa. Journal of Arid Environments 109: 44–53. KANAKASABAI, R., & RAMALINGAM, N. 1982. Sexual dimorphism in Danais [Danaus] chrysippus (Danaidae: Lepidoptera). Entomon 7 (3): 333-336. KANO, T., & MULAVWA, M. 1984. Feeding ecology of the pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus) of Wamba. In: SUSMAN, R.L. [Ed.]. The pygmy chimpanzee: evolutionary biology and behavior. Plenum Press, New York & London: vii-xxviii, 1-435. Chapter pagination: 233- 274. [Chimpanzees feeding on Andronymus neander] KARISCH, T. 1995a. Ergebnisse entomologischer Untersuchungen im zentralen Afrika. 1. Charakteristik der Untersuchungsgebiete 1991 in Zaire und neue Papilioniden-Nachweise (Lepidoptera). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo 16 (1): 115-128. KARISCH, T. 1995b. Ergebnisse entomologischer Untersuchungen im zentralen Afrika. 2. Neue Nachweise von Weisslingsarten 1981 und 1991. Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo 16 (1): 129-132. *KARL, I. & FISCHER, K. 2013. Old male mating advantage results from sexual conflict in a butterfly. Animal Behaviour 85 (1): 143-149. Abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that sexual conflict is all pervasive, although cooperation is evidently needed in sexually reproducing organisms. While male mating success is typically positively associated with resource-holding potential, old male mating success prevails in some organisms despite old males being in greatly reduced condition. We tested whether this counterintuitive pattern is the outcome of (1) sexual conflict or (2) female preference for older males in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Our results support the first hypothesis as females that mated with older compared to younger males showed reduced hatching success of eggs and higher remating propensity, and tended to show shorter refractory periods. Thus, females apparently try to compensate for reduced fitness arising from mating with older (low- quality) males by being more willing to remate, especially with young and/or virgin (high-quality) males. As mating with older males negatively affects female fitness, old males may acquire a mating advantage by being more aggressive and persistent during courtship, in line with the residual reproductive value hypothesis. Thus, males increase their own reproductive success at the expense of their female partners, such that the ‘cooperation-conflict balance’ between the sexes seems to be shifted towards conflict in B. anynana. *KARL, I., HEUSKIN, S. & FISCHER, K. 2013. Dissecting the mechanisms underlying old male mating advantage in a butterfly. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 67(5): 837-849. Abstract: Selection is expected to maximize an individual's own genetic reward regardless of the potential fitness consequences for its sexual partners, which may cause sexual conflict. Although performance in holometabolous insects typically diminishes with age, old male mating advantage has been documented in a few species. Whether this pattern arises from female preference for older males based on, e.g., pheromone blends (intersexual selection), or from increased eagerness to mate in older compared to younger males is currently debated. We explore the mechanistic basis of old male mating advantage, using a series of experiments including behavioral as well as manipulative approaches, in the tropical butterfly

119 Bicyclus anynana. Consistent with the residual reproductive value hypothesis, old male mating advantage was associated with a greater eagerness to mate, evidenced by a two times higher flying and courting activity in older than in younger males. In contrast, we found only limited support for a contribution of female preference for older males based on pheromone composition, although male sex pheromones clearly do play a role in mating success. Our results suggest that male behavior may play a primary role in old male mating advantage, and that pheromones are likely of secondary importance only. Male mating success was related to higher overall pheromone titers rather than variation in a single component. A dominant importance of male behavior in determining mating success may result in sexual conflict. KARL, I., LORENZ, M.W. & FISCHER, K. 2007. Energetics of reproduction: consequences of divergent selection on egg size, food limitation, and female age for egg composition and reproductive effort in a butterfly. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 91 (3): 403-418. [Bicyclus anynana] KARSCH, F. 1892a. Vorlaufige Beschreibung von drei neuen Lepidopteren von Bismarckburg im Togolande (Deutschwestafrika). Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 18: 113-117. KARSCH, F. 1892b. Insekten von Baliburg (Deutsch-Westafrika) gesammelt von Herrn Dr. Eugen Zintgraff. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 18: 161-183. KARSCH, F. 1892c. Abantis bismarcki, eine neue Hesperiide von Bismarcksburg im Togolande (Deutschwestafrika). Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 18: 228-229. KARSCH, F. 1892d. Caprona adelica, eine neue Hesperiide von der deutschen Forschungsstation Bismarckburg im Togolande (Westafrika). Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 18: 241-244. KARSCH, F. 1893a. Die Insekten der Berglandschaft Adeli im Hinterlande von Togo (Westafrika). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 38: 1-266. KARSCH, F. 1893b. Papilioniden aus Kamerun, gesammelt von Herrn Dr. Paul Preuss. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 38: 367-372. KARSCH, F. 1894a. Eine neue ostafrikanische Lepidopteren – Gattung und –Art aus der Familie der Satyriden. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 20: 190-192. KARSCH, F. 1894b. Einige neue afrikanische Tagfalter aus den Familien der Nymphaliden, Acraeiden, Danaididen und Satyriden. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 20: 209-240. KARSCH, F. 1894c. Ueber die seltene Nymphalide Harma concordia Hopff.. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 20: 257-259. KARSCH, F. 1894d. Pseudathyma neptidina, eine neue Nymphalide aus dem Hinterlande von Kamerun. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 20: 289-290. KARSCH, F. 1894e. Ueber eininge oder ungenugend bekannte, durch Herrn G. Zenker auf der deutschen Forschungsstation Yaunde im Hinterlande von Kamerun gesammelte Nymphaliden. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 39: 1-16. KARSCH, F. 1895a. Papilio neumanni, eine neue, von Herrn Oskar Neumann in Ost-Afrika erbeutete Art der echerioides-Gruppe. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 21: 225-227. KARSCH, F. 1895b. Aethiopische Rhopaloceren. I. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 21: 275- 286. KARSCH, F. 1895c. Aethiopische Rhopaloceren. II. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 21: 289- 322. KARSCH, F. 1896. Aethiopische Hesperiiden. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 22: 372-378. KARSCH, F. 1897. Neue Eingange deutsch-ostafrikanischer Insekten im Museum fur Naturkunde zu Berlin. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 23: 366-372. KARSCH, F. 1898a. Uber die aus der Irangi-Expedition gesammelten Orthoptera und Lepidoptera. In: WERTHER, C.W. Die mittleren Hochlander des nordlichen Deutsch-Ost-Afrika 311- 317. Berlin. KARSCH, F. 1898b. Neue eingange deutsch-ostafrikanischer Insekten im Museum fur Naturkunde zu Berlin II. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 24: 97-105. KARSCH, F. 1900a. Ein neuer Papilio (P. thuraui) aus Ostafrika. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 26: 126-128. KARSCH, F. 1900b. Drei neue Lepidopteren aus Ostafrika gesammelt von Herrn Stabsarzt Dr. Fulleborn. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 26: 353-359.

120 KARSCH, F. 1900c. Vorlaufige Kurze Kennzeichnung von funf neuen, durch Herrn Dr. A. Voeltzkow in West-Madagaskar entdeckten Lepidopteren. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 26: 367-370. *KASANGAKI, P., AKOL, A.M. & BASUTA, G.I. 2013 (2012). Butterfly species list for selected west Albertine rift forests. Dataset Papers in Biology 2013 1-4 Article ID 451461. Abstract: This dataset gives details on a study which was conducted in seventeen forests in western Uganda (Albertine region) between 1993 and 1995. Different methods were used to sample butterflies from these forests. A total of 630 butterfly species were collected in 5 main families. Key characteristics of the forests were recorded, and these were found to influence the butterfly species richness of the forests. *KASSAROV, L. 2004. A critical response to the paper “Tough African models and weak mimics: New horizons in the evolution of bad taste” by P. Devries published in this journal, Vol. 57(3), 2003. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 58 (3): 169-172. KATO, Y. 1989a. Seasonal adaptation in Eurema hecabe. Nature & Insects 24 (12): 11-18. KATO, Y. 1989b. Differences in reproductive behavior among seasonal wing morphs of the butterfly Eurema hecabe. Journal of Insect Behavior 2 (3): 419-429. KATO, Y. 1993. [Geographic variation of seasonal morph response and food-plant differentiation in Eurema hecabe.] Nature & Insects 28 (10): 10-14. KATO, Y. 1994. [Seasonal changes in host use of Eurema hecabe: comparison between non- diapause and diapause generations.] Tyo To Ga 45 (3): 183-188. KATO, Y. 1995. [Seasonal occurrence of Eurema hecabe.] Butterflies 12: 59-61. KATO, Y. 2000a. Host-plant adaptation in two sympatric types of the butterfly Eurema hecabe (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Entomological Science 3 (3): 459-463. KATO, Y. 2000b. Does mating occur among populations of two types in the butterfly Eurema hecabe (L.) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan 52 (1): 63-66. [Japan]. KATO, Y., & HANDA, H. 1992. Seasonal polyphenism in a subtropical population of Eurema hecabe (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Japanese Journal of Entomology 60 (2): 305-318. KATO, Y., HIROKI, M., & HANDA, H. 1992. Interpopulation variation in adaptation of Eurema hecabe (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) to host plant. Japanese Journal of Entomology 60 (4): 749- 759. KATO, Y., & KIMURA, Y. 1994. [Seasonal-morph variation of tropical Eurema hecabe in Thailand (Lepidoptera, Pieridae).] Tyo To Ga 45 (2): 63-70. KATO, Y., & NAKANE, T. 1989. Male approach to pupae in the yellow butterfly, Eurema hecabe. Journal of Ethology 7 (1): 59-61. KATO, Y., & SANO, M. 1987. Role of photoperiod and temperature in seasonal morph determination of the butterfly Eurema hecabe. Physiological Entomology 12 (4): 417-423. KAUSHAI, B.R., & VATS, L.K. 1986. Intraspecific variation in calorific content of two phytophagous insects Hieroglyphus banian and Belenois mesentina. Indian Journal of Ecology 13 (1): 167-168. [Belenois aurota] KAWAHARA, A.Y. 2006. Biology of the snout butterflies (Nymphalidae, Libytheinae) part 1: Libythea Fabricius. Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan 57 (1): 13-33. *KAWAHARA, A.Y. 2009. Phylogeny of snout butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Libytheinae): combining evidence from the morphology of extant, fossil, and recently extinct taxa. Cladistics 25 (3): 263-278. *KAWAHARA, A.Y. 2013. Systematic revision and review of the extant and fossil snout butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Libytheinae). Zootaxa 3631 (1): 1, 3-74. Abstract: Extant and fossil genera and species in the Libytheinae (Nymphalidae) are revised and reviewed. The Libytheinae includes two genera: Libythea Fabricius and Libytheana Michener. Fifteen species and an additional 24 subspecies are recognized and 41 names are synonymized. Species recognized are: Libythea (Laicharting), L. collenettei Riley, L. cinyras Trimen revised status, L. geoffroyi Godart, L. labdaca Westwood, L. laius Trimen, L. lepita Moore, L. myrrha Godart, L. narina Godart, Libytheana carinenta (Cramer), L. florissanti (Scudder), L. fulvescens (Lathy), L. motya (Hübner), L. terena (Godart), and L. vagabunda (Scudder). New synonymies that are established for Libythea celtis (Laicharting (1782)) include: Libythea (Libythea) celtis f. obscura Milliere 1879 syn. nov.; Libythea celtis f. denudata Dannehl 1925 syn.

121 nov.; Libythea celtis f. separata Dannehl 1925 syn. nov.; Libythea celtis livida Saggara 1926 syn. nov.; Libythea (Libythea) celtis f. albonervulata Verity 1950 syn. nov.; Libythea (Libythea) celtis f. latefulva Verity 1950 syn. nov.; Libythea (Libythea) celtis f. obscurenervulata Verity 1950 syn. nov.; Libythea (Libythea) celtis f. pallida Verity 1950 syn. nov.; Libythea (Libythea) celtis f. pygmaea Verity 1950 syn. nov.; Libythea (Libythea) celtis f. rubescens Verity 1950 syn. nov.; Libythea (Libythea) celtis f. subochracea Verity 1950 syn. nov.; Libythea (Libythea) celtis f. violacea Verity 1950 syn. nov.; and Libythea celtis platooni Korb 2005 syn. nov. Synonyms of Libythea geoffroyi geoffroyi Godart 1822 include: Libythea antipoda Boisduval, 1859 syn. nov.; Libythea orientalis Godman and Salvin, 1888 syn. nov.; Libythea hauxwelli Moore, 1901 syn. nov.; Libythea (Libythea) geoffroy var. sumbensis Pagenstecher, 1901 syn. nov.; Libythea geoffroy deminuta Fruhstorfer, 1909 syn. nov.; and Libythea geoffroy maenia Frühstorfer, 1909 syn. nov. Libythea batchiana Wallace 1869 syn. nov. is a synonym of Libythea geoffroyi ceramensis Wallace 1869. Synonyms of Libythea geoffroyi philippina Staudinger 1889 include: Libythea geoffroyi var. celebensis Staudinger 1889 syn. nov.; and Libythea geoffroyi bardas Frühstorfer 1914 syn. nov. Libythea labdaca subintegra Aurivillius 1921 syn. nov. is a synonym of Libythea labdaca ancoata Grose-Smith 1891. Synonyms of Libythea lepita lepita Moore (1858) include: Libythea celtis celtoides Frühstorfer 1909 syn. nov.; Libythea celtis chinensis Frühstorfer 1909 syn. nov.; and Libythea celtis sophene Frühstorfer 1914 syn. nov. Libythea celtis yayeyamana Fujioka, 1975 syn. nov. is a synonym of Libythea lepita amamiana Shir zu 1956. Libythea myrrha myrrhina Frühstorfer 1909 syn. nov. and Libythea myrrha yawa Frühstorfer 1914 syn. nov. are synonyms of Libythea myrrha myrrha Godart 1819. Libythea myrrha borneensis Frühstorfer 1914 syn. nov. and Libythea myrrha iwanagai Hayashi 1976 syn. nov. are synonyms of Libythea myrrha hecura Frühstorfer 1914. Libythea myrrha carma Frühstorfer 1914 syn. nov. is a synonym of Libythea myrrha rama Moore 1872. Libythea myrrha thira Frühstorfer 1914 syn. nov. is a synonym of Libythea myrrha sanguinalis Frühstorfer 1898. Subspecies of L. narina Godart 1819 have been synonymized with the nominal species as there are no diagnostic characters that can be used to separate subspecies. Synonyms of Libythea narina include: Libythea rohini Marshall 1880 syn. nov. Libythea luzonica Moore 1901 syn. nov. Libythea narina canuleia Frühstorfer, 1909 syn. nov.; Libythea narina neratia Frühstorfer 1909 syn. nov.; Libythea narina sangha Frühstorfer 1914 syn. nov.; Libythea narina sumbawana Frühstorfer 1914 syn. nov. The status of the North American taxon has been confused in the literature, and it is here treated as Libytheana carinenta bachmanii (Kirtland 1851) revised status. The fossil Oligodonta florissantensis Brown, 1976 (Pieridae) is a new synonym of Libytheana florissanti (Scudder 1892). Keys to genera, species, and subspecies are included along with a discussion of the taxonomic history of the subfamily. Diagnostic characters are also presented along with brief comments on the distribution and biology of each species. KAYE, W.J. 1904. A catalogue of the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera of Trinidad. With an appendix by J. Guppy. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1904: 159-229. KEFERSTEIN, A. 1870. Beschreibung der neuen Arten. Jahrbuch der (Koniglichen) Akademie Gemeinnutziger Wissenschaften zu Erfurt 4: 13-17. KEFERSTEIN, D.A. 1883. Ueber die Tagschmetterlings-Gattung Colias F. Verhandlungen der Zoologish-Botanischen Vereins in Wien 32: 449-458. KEHL, T., BEAULIEU, M., KEHL, A. & FISCHER, K. 2015. Old male sex: large ejaculate, many sperm, but few offspring. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 69 (9): 1543-1552. KEHL, T. & FISCHER, K. 2012. Larval starvation reduces responsiveness to feeding stimuli and does not affect feeding preferences in a butterfly. Journal of Insect Physiology 58 (7): 1028- 1035. Abstract: It is commonly assumed that holometabolic insects such as Lepidoptera rely primarily on larval storage reserves for reproduction. Recent studies though have documented a prominent role of adult-derived carbohydrates for butterfly reproduction. Moreover, a few studies have shown that adult butterflies may also benefit from adult-derived amino acids, at least when larval storage reserves are reduced. Given that in holometabolous insects larval deficiencies are carried over into the adult stage, reduced storage reserves have the potential to modulate adult feeding preferences and responses in order to allow for a successful compensation. We tested this hypothesis here in the fruit-feeding butterfly Bicyclus anynana using larval food stress to manipulate storage reserves. Alcohols (methanol, ethanol, butanol, propanol), sugars (maltose, glucose, fructose, sucrose), and acetic acid acted as feeding stimuli, while butterflies did not respond to other substances such as amino acids, yeast, salts, or vitamins. Contrary to expectations, stressed butterflies showed a weaker response than controls to several feeding stimuli. In preference tests, butterflies preferred sugar solutions containing proline, arginine, glutamic acid, acetic acid, or ethanol over plain sugar solutions, but discriminated against salts. However, there were no general differences among starved and control butterflies. We conclude that larval food-stress does not elicit compensatory feeding behavior such as a stronger preference for amino acids or other essential nutrients in B. anynana. Instead, the stress imposed by a period of starvation yielded negative effects. *KEHL, T., KARL, I. & FISCHER, K. 2013. Old-male paternity advantage is a function of accumulating sperm and last-male precedence in a butterfly. Molecular Ecology 22 (16): 4289-4297. Abstract: Old-male mating advantage has been convincingly demonstrated in Bicyclus anynana butterflies. This intriguing pattern may be explained by two alternative hypotheses: (i) an increased aggressiveness and persistence of older males during courtship, being caused by the older males’ low residual reproductive value; and (ii) an active preference of females towards older males what reflects a good genes hypothesis. Against this background, we here investigate postcopulatory sexual selection by double-mating Bicyclus anynana females to older and younger males, thus allowing for sperm

122 competition and cryptic mate choice, and by genotyping the resulting offspring. Virgin females were mated with a younger virgin (2-3days old) and afterwards an older virgin male (12-13days old) or vice versa. Older males had a higher paternity success than younger ones, but only when being the second (=last) mating partner, while paternity success was equal among older and younger males when older males were the first mating partner. Older males produced larger spermatophores with much higher numbers of fertile sperm than younger males. Thus, we found no evidence for cryptic female mate choice. Rather, the findings reported here seem to result from a combination of last-male precedence and the number of sperm transferred upon mating, both increasing paternity success. *KELLY-MAARTENS, K. & STAUDE, H.S. Obituary – John G. Joannou (22.01.1949- 25.02.2013). Metamorphosis 23: iv. KELY, A. 1912. The Phoenix Skipper (Pamphila dysmephila, Trim.). Agricultural Journal of the Union of South Africa 4: 876–883. KEMAL, M. 1999. [Proposal of a new replacement name in the genus Tuxentius Larsen, 1982 (Lycaenidae, Lepidoptera).] Centre for Entomological Studies Miscellaneous Papers 59: 7-8. KEMAL, M. 2004. On the butterflies of the Soutpansberg Mountains (South Africa) (Lepidoptera). Centre for Entomological Studies Miscellaneous Papers 88-89: 1-13. [Azanisis subgenus nov.; type species Papilio isis Drury, 1773] KEMAL, M., & KOCAK, A.O. 2005a. Butterflies of Medike (Soutpansberg Mountain, South Africa) with some notes on spring butterflies (Lepidoptera). Centre for Entomological Studies Miscellaneous Papers 91-92: 1-9. [Checklist; Medike, Limpopo Province, South Africa] KEMAL, M., & KOCAK, A.O. 2005b. Nomenclatural notes on the Papilionidae (Lepidoptera). Centre for Entomological Studies Miscellaneous Papers 91-92: 10-11. [Papilio sjostedti atavus Le Cerf 1912 replaced by Princeps fuelleborni neocesa; Papilio rex commixtus Aurivillius, 1898 replaced by Princeps rex alinderi Bryk, 1928] KEMAL, M. & KOCAK, A.O. 2007. Synonymous checklist of the South African Lepidoptera. CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 2: 1-114. *KEMP, D.J. 2002. Visual mate-searching behaviour in the evening brown butterfly, Melanitis leda (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Australian Journal of Entomology 41 (4): 300-305. KEMP, D.J. 2003. Twilight fighting in the evening brown butterfly, Melanitis leda (L.) (Nymphalidae): Age and residency effects. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 54 (1): 7- 13. KEMP, D.J. 2005. Contrasting lifetime patterns of territorial success in the nymphalid butterflies Hypolimnas bolina and Melanitis leda: a question of flight physiology? Australian Journal of Zoology 53 (6): 361-367. KEMP, D.J. 2007. Female butterflies prefer males bearing bright iridescent ornamentation. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Science Series B 274 (1613): 1043-1047. [Hypolimans bolina; Queensland] KEMP, D.J. 2008a. Female mating biases for bright ultraviolet iridescence in the butterfly Eurema hecabe (Pieridae). Behavioral Ecology 19 (1): 1-8. KEMP, D.J. 2008b. Resource-mediated condition dependence in sexually dichromatic butterfly wing coloration. Evolution 62 (9): 2346-2358. KEMP, D.J., & MACEDONIA, J.M. 2006. Structural ultraviolet ornamentation in the butterfly Hypolimnas bolina L. (Nymphalidae): visual, morphological and ecological properties. Australian Journal of Zoology 54 (4): 235-244. *KEMP, D.J., JONES, D., MACEDONIA, J.M. & KROCKENBERGER, A.K. 2014. Female mating preferences and male signal variation in iridescent Hypolimnas butterflies. Animal Behaviour 87: 221-229. KEMP, S., DAVISON, S., & WRIGHT, M.G. 2000. Identification of an entomopathogenic bacterium that infected a colony of Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in South Africa. African Entomology 8 (1): 141-143. KENYI, J.M. 1980. Seasonal defoliation of thickets by larvae of Belenois aurata [aurota]. African Journal of Ecology 18 (1): 123-126.

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126 Priamus 3 (1): 38-39. [Thestor yildizae nom. nov. for Thestor obscurus] KOCAK, A.O. 1986. More notes on the homonymy of the specific names of Lepidoptera. Priamus 4 (1-2): 55-60. KOCAK, A.O. 1996a. Results of the lepidopterological expedition to Ethiopia in February 1996. 1. Introduction. Centre for Entomological Studies Miscellaneous Papers 27-28: 1-7. KOCAK, A.O. 1996b. Complementary notes on the publication titled "Carcasson's African butterflies" (Lepidoptera). Centre for Entomological Studies Miscellaneous Papers 27-28: 10-16. KOCAK, A.O. 1997. [On the occurence [occurrence] of Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) in Eritrea (Lepidoptera, Pieridae)]. Centre for Entomological Studies Miscellaneous Papers 35- 36: 4-6. KOCAK, A.O., & KEMAL, M. 2000. Nomenclatural notes on some taxa (Papilionoidea, Lepidoptera). Centre for Entomological Studies Miscellaneous Papers 65-66: 10-12. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007. Report on the temporary results of the faunal lists of African States based upon the databank of the Cesa. CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 7: 1- 54. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007a. Report on the temporary results of the faunal lists of African States based upon the databank of the Cesa. 1. Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire). CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 3: 1-83. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007b. Report on the temporary results of the faunal lists of African States based upon the databank of the Cesa. 2. Rwanda. CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 4: 1-12. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007c. Report on the temporary results of the faunal lists of African States based upon the databank of the Cesa. 3. Nigeria. CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 5 1-38. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007d. Report on the temporary results of the faunal lists of African States based upon the databank of the Cesa. 4. Cameroon. CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 6: 1-48. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007e. Report on the temporary results of the faunal lists of African States based upon the databank of the Cesa. 5. Tanzania. CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 7: 1-54. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007f. Report on the temporary results of the faunal lists of African States based upon the databank of the Cesa. 6. Uganda. CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 8: 1-53. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007g. Report on the temporary results of the faunal lists of African States based upon the databank of the Cesa. 7. Zimbabwe. CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 9: 1-38. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007h. Report on the temporary results of the faunal lists of African States based upon the databank of the Cesa. 8. Malawi. CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 10: 1-28. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007i. Report on the temporary results of the faunal lists of African States based upon the databank of the Cesa. 10. Ethiopia. CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 12: 1-30. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007j. Report on the temporary results of the faunal lists of African States based upon the databank of the Cesa. 11. Kenia [Kenya] and . CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 13: 1-69. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007k. Report on the temporary results of the faunal lists of African States based upon the databank of the Cesa. 12. Sudan. CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 14: 1-25. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007l. Report on the temporary results of the faunal lists of African

127 States based upon the databank of the Cesa. 13. Angola. CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 15: 1-28. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007m. Synonymous list of the Lepidoptera recorded in Soutpansberg Mountains (northern South Africa). CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 16: 1-25. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007n. Report on the temporary results of the faunal lists of African States based upon the databank of the Cesa. 14. Mozambique. CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 17: 1-27. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007o. Report on the temporary results of the faunal lists of African States based upon the databank of the Cesa. 15. Madagascar. CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 18: 1-30. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007p. Report on the temporary result of the lepidopteran list of Africa continent based upon the databank of the Cesa. CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 20: 1-277. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007q. Report on the temporary evaluations on the Lepidoptera of some African States described by the various lepidopterists based upon the databank of the Cesa. 1. Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire). CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 21: 1-59. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007r. Report on the temporary evaluations on the Lepidoptera of some African States described by the various lepidopterists based upon the databank of the Cesa. 2. Tanzania. CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 22: 1-50. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007s. Report on the temporary evaluations on the Lepidoptera of some African States described by the various lepidopterists based upon the databank of the Cesa. 3. Cameroon. CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 23: 1-48. *KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2007t. Synonymous list of the Lepidoptera recorded in Soutpansberg Mountains (Northern South Africa). Cesa Publications on African Lepidoptera no. 16. PDF, 26 pp. KOCAK, A.O. & KEMAL, M. 2008. Second report on the temporary results of the lepidopteran list of Africa continent based upon the databank of the Cesa. CESA Publications on African Lepidoptera 24: 1-1068. KOCAK, A.O., & SEVEN, S. 1997. [Check-list of Hesperiidae of Ethiopia and adjacent countries, with distributional notes.] Centre for Entomological Studies Miscellaneous Papers 48: 3-7. KOCAK, A.O., & SEVEN, S. 1998. [On the classification and the nomenclature of the taxa in the subtribe Polyommatina in the Old World (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae).] Centre for Entomological Studies Miscellaneous Papers 49: 1-5. KOCH, G. 1865. Die Indo-Australische Lepidopteren-Fauna in ihrem Zusammenhang mit der Europaeischen nebst den drei Hauptfaunen der Erde xii, 1-119. Leipsig. KOCH, P.B., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., & KESBEKE, F. 1996. Ecdysteroids control eyespot size and wing color pattern in the polyphenic butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Lepidoptera: Satyridae). Journal of Insect Physiology 42 (3): 223-230. *KODANDARAMAIAH, U. 2009. Eyespot evolution: phylogenetic insights from Junonia and related butterfly genera (Nymphalidae: Junoniini). Evolution & Development 11 (5): 489- 497. *KODANDARAMAIAH, U., LEES, D.C., MUELLER, C.J., TORRES, E., KARANTH, K.P. & WAHLBERG, N. 2010. Phylogenetics and biogeography of a spectacular Old World radiation of butterflies: the subtribe Mycalesina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: ). BMC Evolutionary Biology 10 (172): 1-13. *KODANDARAMAIAH, U., & WAHLBERG, N. 2007. Out-of-Africa origin and dispersal- mediated diversification of the butterfly genus Junonia (Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 20: 2181-2191.

128 KOHLER, P. 1923. Fauna Argentina. Lepidoptera e collectione Alberto Breyer. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie 18 (Sonderbeilage): 1-34. KOHLER, S. 2007. A description of a new subspecies of Lycaena phlaeas (Lycaenidae: Lycaeninae) from Montana, United States, with a comparative study of Old and New World populations. Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 7 (1): 1-19. KOIDE, Y. 1989. Discuss of Charaxes. Nature and Insects 24 (1): 2-5. *KOLBE, H.J. 1895. Beitrage zur kenntniss der melicophilen Lamellicornier (Coleoptera). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 56: 271-293. KOLLAR, V. [1849]. Uber den Charakter der Insecten-Fauna von Sudpersien. Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften. Wien 1: 42-53. KONIG, R. 1975. Leptomyrina phidias F., ein madagassischer Blauling mit ‘falschem Kopf’ (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Bonner zool. Beitr. 26 (4): 402-407. KOOI, R.E. 1992. Host plant selection by the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Series Entomologica (Dordrecht) 49: 65-66. KOOI, R.E. 1993. Oviposition preference in relation to food plant suitability in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Satyrinae). Proceedings of the Section Experimental and Applied Entomology of the Netherlands Entomological Society (N.E.V.) 4: 157-162. KOOI, R.E. 1995. The effect of food plant quality on wing pattern induction in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Satyrinae). Proceedings of the Section Experimental and Applied Entomology of the Netherlands Entomological Society (N.E.V.) 6: 107-112. KOOI, R.E. 1996. Factors influencing food plant acceptance by the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Satyrinae). Proceedings of the Section Experimental and Applied Entomology of the Netherlands Entomological Society (N.E.V.) 7: 117-122. KOOI, R.E. 2000. Does bottleneck survival on a poor food plant species influence larval performance and wing pattern induction in the polyphenic butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Netherlands Journal of Zoology 50 (1): 53-64. KOOI, R.E., BERGSHOEFF, C., ROSSIE, W.E.M.Th., & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 1997. Bicyclus anynana (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae): comparison of fat content and egg-laying in relation to dry and wet season temperatures. Proceedings of the Section Experimental and Applied Entomology of the Netherlands Entomological Society (N.E.V.) 8: 17-22. KOOI, R.E., & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 1999. The critical period for wing pattern induction in the polyphenic tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Satyrinae). Journal of Insect Physiology 45 (3): 201-212. KOOI, R.E., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., & ROSSIE, W.E.M.T. 1996. Effects of food plant on phenotypic plasticity in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 80.(1): 149-151. KOOI, R.E., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., & SCHLATMANN, E.G.M. 1994. Description of the larval sensitive period for polyphenic wing pattern induction in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Satyrinae). Proceedings of the Section Experimental and Applied Entomology of the Netherlands Entomological Society (N.E.V.) 5: 47-52. KOOI, R.E., DE VRIES, M., & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 1998. The effect of drought stress in food plants on the wing pattern induction of the polyphenic tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Lepidoptera: Satyridae). Proceedings of the Section Experimental and Applied Entomology of the Netherlands Entomological Society (N.E.V.) 9: 217-222. KOOI, R.E., VAN BINNENDIJK, E., & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2000. Effect of larval food on development time and fat content in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Lepidoptera, Satyrinae). Proceedings of the Section Experimental and Applied Entomology of the Netherlands Entomological Society 11: 55-60. KOP, A., & MOLLEMAN, F. 2006. Nearly complete species list of fruit-feeding nymphalids from Kibale Forest, Uganda and some other butterflies.

129 http://entomology.ucdavis.edu/faculty/carey/uganda-specialist.doc *KOPIJ, G. 2006. Lepidoptera fauna of Lesotho. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 49B (1-2): 137- 180. KOPIJ, G., & BUTLER, H. 1996. Unusual diet and feeding flock of Ciconiiformes at Glen, near Bloemfontein, South Africa. Mirafra 13 (3-4): 79-80. (Colias electo). KREMEN, C. 1994. Biological inventory using target taxa: a case study of the butterflies of Madagascar. Ecological Applications 4: 407–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1941946 KREMEN, C., LEES, D.C., & FAY, J.P. 2003. Butterflies and conservation planning in Madagascar: from pattern to practice. In: BOGGS, C.L., WATT, W.B., & EHRLICH, P.R. [EDS]. Butterflies: ecology and evolution taking flight. University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London: i-xvii, 1-739. Chapter pagination: 517-540. KREMEN, C., LEES, D., RAZAFIMAHATRATRA, V. & RAHARITSIMBA, H. 2001. Designing a new national park in Madagascar. The use of biodiversity data. In: WEBER, W., WHITE, L.J.T., VEDDER, A. & NAUGHTON-TREVES, L. (Eds.). African rain forest ecology and conservation: an interdisciplinary perspective. Yale University Press, New Haven & London, pp. 400–428. KRENN, H.W. 1998. Proboscis sensilla in Vanessa cardui (Nymphalidae, Lepidoptera): functional morphology and significance in flower probing. Zoomorphology (Berlin) 118 (1): 23-30. *KROON, D.M. 1973. Notes on southern African Rhopalocera (Lepidoptera). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 85 (2-3): 57-61. *KROON, D.M. 1985. A new form of the common pierid butterfly Colias electro electro [electo] L. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 97 (1-2): 6. *KROON, D.M. 1992. Barberton. Historical perspectives on collecting in the early twentieth century. Metamorphosis 3 (2): 58-64. KROON, D.M. 1999. Lepidoptera of southern Africa. Host-plants & other associations. Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa. i-xi, 1-160. [#book] *KROON, D.M. 2011. Obituary – Lajos Vári (27 September 1916 – 21 April 2011). Metamorphosis 22 (3 & 4): 121-124. KROON, D.M., & KRÜGER, M. 1992. The main families of southern African Lepidoptera. In: Woodhall-SE (Ed.) A Practical Guide to Butterflies and Moths in Southern Africa. Lepidopterists' Society of Southern Africa, Florida Hills, South Africa: 1-223. Chapter pagination: 20-28. KRÜGER, G.C. 1939. Notizie sulla fauna della Sirtica occidentale: Lepidotteri. Annali del Museo Libico di Storia Naturale 1: 317-357. *KRÜGER, M. 2006. Book Review. Butterflies of West Africa. T.B. Larsen. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 43: 121-122. *KRÜGER, M. 2007. Composition and origin of the Lepidoptera faunas of southern Africa, Madagascar and Reunion (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Annals of the Transvaal Museum 44: 123- 178. *KRÜGER, M. 2011. Book review – Basic pattern of Lepidoptera diversity in southwestern Africa by Wolfram Mey. Metamorphosis 22 (3 & 4): 114-116. *KRÜGER, P. 1991. Unsual migration at East London. Metamorphosis 2 (2): 8-9. KRÜGER, R. 1928a. Eine neue Mylothris. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 22: 21. KRÜGER, R. 1928b. Neubeschreibungen und Berichtigungen. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 22: 229-231. KRÜGER, R. 1928c. Papilio mackinnoni Em. Sharpe ab. ampliusmaculata m.n. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 22: 255. KRÜGER, R. 1928d. Eine neue Hesperidae [Hesperiidae]. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 22: 287-288. KRÜGER, R. 1937. Neubeschreibungen. Entomologische Rundschau 55: 84.

130 KUEHNE, L. 1999. Contribution to the Lepidoptera-fauna of Ghana – Part 1: Results of the expeditions 1992-1997 (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea). Esperiana 7: 399-424. *KUEHNE, L. 2000. Die Tagfalter der Arika-Expeditionen des Museums fur Naturkunde Berlin (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea & Hesperioidea). [The butterflies of the Africa expeditions of the Berlin Natural History Museum (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea & Hesperioidea)] Entomofauna 21 (17): 213-228. KUEHNE, L. 2001. Contribution to the Lepidoptera-fauna of Ghana – Part II: the butterfly collection of the Department of Zoology in Legon, University of Ghana (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea). Esperiana 8: 637-648. [New records for Ghana: Cupidesthes voltae, Liptena septistrigata, Bebearia theogonis, Papilio hesperus, Mylothris sulphurea ] KUEHNE, L. 2004. Assessment of biodiversity in Africa, Kakamega Forest N.R.: an evaluation of methods for recording Lepidoptera in relation to the gathering of statistically valuable data. Beittraege zur Entomologie 54 (2): 471-479. KUEHNE, L., COLLINS, S.C., & KINUTHIA, W. 2004. Check-list of the butterflies of the Kakamega Forest Nature Reserve in western Kenya (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo 25 (4): 161-174. *KUHN, J. 2007. Book Review. Butterflies of West Africa by Torben Larsen. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 61 (4): 234. KYEREMATEN, R., AKUAMOAH-BOATENG, A., ACQUAH-LAMPTEY, D. & ANDERSON, R.S. 2014. Land use type affects butterfly diversity: a case study of the University of Ghana, main campus, Legon. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 5 (5): 205-214. Abstract: Butterflies are known to be well distributed worldwide, however, the different species and their occurrence in an area depend on various factors such as the extent of ecological damage and the availability of suitable food plants. The main campus of the University of Ghana, the largest university in Ghana, which covers an area of 11.4 km2 was divided according to land use type into four areas and butterflies were sampled from these areas. Species diversity, composition and abundance were compared. A total of 1316 specimens representing 54 species from 9 families were recorded. The Botanical Garden (BG) with the highest diversity of plants and the least amount of human disturbance recorded the highest numbers (N=586) as well as diversity (S=53) while the academic areas (AA) with the highest amount of human activity recorded the lowest numbers (N=60) as well as diversity (S=16). *KYLE, R.G. 2001. Butterfly blunders and bonanzas at Kosi Bay. Metamorphosis 12 (1): 20-25. *KYLE, R.G. 2003. “Lulua”. Metamorphosis 14 (1): 8-14. [Iolaus lulua] *KYLE, S. 2001. The importance of the indigenous forests of Maputaland to butterflies and the importance of butterflies to the indigenous forests of Maputaland. Metamorphosis 12 (1): 5- 7. LADEIRA, J.M. 1956. Compendium entomologicum angolae – II: Lepidopteros de Angola. Anais da Junta de Investigaco-es do Ultramar 11 (3): 151-172. LAGNEL, M. 1967. Une nouvele sous-espece de Cynandra opis Drury. Lambillionea 66: 23-25. LAKSHMI-SHARMA, V., & KAUR-BAJWA, R. 1994. Mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of three species of the family Nymphalidae. Bionature 14 (1): 33-36. (Junonia orithya). LAMAS, G. 1993. Pieris guarani Kohler, 1923, descrita de Argentina, es una especie africana (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Revista Peruana de Entomologia 35: 11-12. *LAMAS, G. 2007. Four new names for Afrotropical Lycaenidae. Metamorphosis 18 (4): 128-130. *LAMAS, G. 2010. Nomenclatural notes on Satyrinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 38 (150): 197-204. [Bicyclus safitza (Westwood, 1850) syn. nov. of Bicyclus denina (Godart, 1824)] *LAMBORN, W.A. [1914]. On the relationship between certain West African insects, especially ants, Lycaenidae and Homoptera….With an appendix containing descriptions of new species etc. by G.T. Bethune-Baker, W.L. Distant, Harry Eltringham, Prof. E.B. Poulton, J. Hartley Durrant, Prof. R. Newstead. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1913: 436-524.

131 LAMBORN, W.A. & POULTON, E.B. 1911. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1911. LANE, R.P. 1977. Ectoparasitic adaptations in Forcipomyia from butterflies with two new African species (Ceratopogonidae). Systematic Ent. 2 (4): 305-312. [Dipteran parasites in Charaxes] *LANG, H.C. 1884. Description of a new species of Junonia. Entomologist 17: 206-208. LANG, H.G. 1789. Verzeichniss seiner Schmetterlinge (2nd edition). xxviii, 1-226. Augsberg. LANG, SY. 2010. Study on the tribe Chalingini Morishita, 1996 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitinae [Limenitidinae]). Far Eastern Entomologist 218: 1-7. [Hamanumida referred to Chalingini from Adoliadini, p. 6] LANGE, C.N., KURIA, A. & NDANG’ANG’A, P.K. 2007. The butterflies and land snails of Ndere Island National Park, Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 96 (1): 103-106. LANGE, C.N., & MUGAMBI, J. 2006. The butterflies of Mkogodo forests, Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 44 (2): 286-289. LANZ, H. 1896a. Eine neue Amauris. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 8: 380. LANZ, H. 1896b. Besprechung der von Dr. Bumiller 1893 aus Ostafrika mitgebrachten Schmetterlinge. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 9: 113-147. LAPORTE, J.L. 1831. Observations pour servir a l’histoire de quelques insectes, et description d’une nouvelle espece de Coliade. Actes de la Societe Linneene de Bordeaux 4: 141-156. LARSEN, T.B. 1968. Butterflies migrating on Ikoyi Island (Lagos). Nigerian Entomological Magazine 1: 62. LARSEN, T.B. 1969. The first record of Acraea eugenia Karsch from Nigeria. Nigerian Entomological Magazine 2: 53. LARSEN, T.B. 1975. Three species of butterflies new to Nigeria. Nigerian Ent. Mag. 2 (3): 97. [Acraea eugenia; Hypolycaena buxtoni; Papilio rex] LARSEN, T.B. 1976a. Meeting report – contribution on non-mimetic forms of Papilio dardanus. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society C 41: 7. LARSEN, T.B. 1976b. A new species of Nigerian Tarucus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 37 (3): 684-686. LARSEN, T.B. 1977a. Notes on the distribution and subspecies of Euchloe charlonia Donzel (Lep. Pieridae). Atalanta Münnerstadt 8 (2): 107-109. LARSEN, T.B. 1977b. A migration of Libythea labdaca Westwood in Ghana (Lep. Libytheidae). Atalanta Münnerstadt 8 (4): 253-254. LARSEN, T.B. 1977c. A migration of Anaphaeis aurota (F.) in Kenya. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 24 (4-5): 419-422. LARSEN, T.B. 1977d. The butterflies of eastern Oman and their zoogeographic composition. In: The scientific results of the Oman flora and fauna survey 1975. Journal of Oman Studies, Special Report 1977: 179-208. LARSEN, T.B. 1977e. Il y a trois millénaires et demi que Danaus chrysippus (L.) est connu en haut-Egypte (Lepidoptera Danaidae). Linneana Belgica 7 (2): 55-58. LARSEN, T.B. 1978a. A mixed butterfly migration in West Africa (Lepidoptera; Rhopalocera). Atalanta (Marktleuthen) 9 (3): 191-198. [Benin] LARSEN, T.B. 1979a. Insects of Saudi Arabia. Lepidoptera: fam. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danaidae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 1: 342-344. LARSEN, T.B. 1979b. A case of extreme territorial behaviour in Acraea encedon Linne in Tanzania. Atalanta (Marktleuthen) 10 (4a): 289-290. LARSEN, T.B. 1980a. The scientific results of the Oman flora and fauna survey 1977 (Dhofar). The butterflies of Dhofar and their zoogeographic composition. Journal of Oman Studies Special Report No. 2: 153-186. *LARSEN, T.B. 1980b. Hazards of butterfly collecting, Nigeria. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 92: 86-87.

132 LARSEN, T.B. 1980c. A painted lady. Aramco World Magazine 31 (5): 2-5. *LARSEN, T.B. 1980d. The status of Papilio machaon rathjensi Warnecke and its relationship to other Arabian populations. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 34: 365-367. LARSEN, T.B. 1981a. Butterflies as prey for Orthetrum austenti (Kirby) (Anisoptera: Libellulidae). Notulae Odonatologicae 1 (8): 130-133. [Nigeria] *LARSEN, T.B. 1981b. Hesperiid larvae as prey for a sphecid wasp. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 93 (3-4): 54-55. [Nigeria] LARSEN, T.B. 1981c. A migration of Libythea labdaca Westwood in Nigeria (Lep., Libytheidae). Atalanta (Markleuthen) 12 (2): 94-96. LARSEN, T.B. 1981d. Butterflies of Yemen. American Institute of Yemeni Studies 5: 6-7. *LARSEN, T.B. 1982a. Gegenes pumilio Hoffmannsegg, 1804; a review with cytological evidence that two species are involved (Hesperiidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 5 (2-3): 103-110. *LARSEN, T.B. 1982b. False head butterflies: the case of Oxylides faunus Drury (Lycaenidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 36 (3): 238-239. LARSEN, T.B. 1982c. Heavy predation by birds or lizards of Hipparchia parisatis (Kollar) (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) in Oman. Entomologit’s Gazette 33 (1): 5-7. LARSEN, T.B. 1982d. The butterflies of the Yemen Arab Republic (with a review of the species in the Charaxes viola-group from Arabia and East Africa). Biologiske Skrifter, Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23 (3): 1-85. [Lepidochrysops forsskali] [#book] LARSEN, T.B. 1982e. A migration of Catopsilia florella F. in Ethiopia. Atalanta (Markleuthen) 13 (1): 41. LARSEN, T.B. 1982f. Mass population build-up of Anaphaeis aurota F. in Oman (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Atalanta (Markleuthen) 13 (1): 42-47. LARSEN, T.B. 1982g. The importance of migration to the butterfly fauna of Arabia (Lep., Rhopalocera). Atalanta (Markleuthen) 13 (4): 248-259. LARSEN, T.B. 1982h. Winged jewels on the Saudi trail. Ahlanwasahlan 6 (3): 32-33. LARSEN, T.B. 1982i. Book review: B. d’Abrera. 1980. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Melbourne. Entomologiske Meddelelser 49: 58. LARSEN, T.B. 1983a. On the palatability of butterflies. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 95 (3-4): 66-67. [Afrotropical Region] LARSEN, T.B. 1983b. Insects of Saudi Arabia. Lepidoptera; Rhopalocera (a monograph of the butterflies of the Arabian Peninsula). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 5: 333-478. [Lepidochrysops haveni, L. pittawayi; new species] LARSEN, T.B. 1983c. Butterflies of Arabia. Sunrise (Kuwait Airlines) 1983: 19-25. *LARSEN, T.B. 1984a. The zoogeographical composition and distribution of the Arabian butterflies (Lepidoptera; Rhopalocera). Journal of Biogeography 11 (2): 119-158. LARSEN, T.B. 1984b. Studier over mellemostlige og arabiske dagsommerfugle. New Delhi (doctoral dissertation). 40 pp. LARSEN, T.B. 1984c. A pierid butterfly alighting on water. Proceedings and Transactions of the British Entomological and Natural History Society 8: 83-86. LARSEN, T.B. 1984d. Butterflies of Saudi Arabia and its neighbours. 1-160. Stacey Intl., London. [#book] LARSEN, T.B. 1985a. On a small collection of Yemen Tihamah butterflies. In: STONE, F. [Ed.] Studies on the Tihamah: the report of the Tihamah Expedition 1982 and related papers. Longman Group Limited, Essex: I-xii, 1-148. Chapter pagination: 26-28. LARSEN, T.B. 1985b. A mixed butterfly migration in the Nairobi area of Kenya. Atalanta 16: 104-105. LARSEN, T.B. 1985c. The butterflies of the Musandam Region of Oman (with supplementary notes on the butterflies of the northern and Dhofar Regions). Journal of Oman Studies 7: 29- 37.

133 LARSEN, T.B. 1986a. Lycaena mirza Plőtz, 1880 (Insecta, Lepidoptera): proposed conservation by the suppression of Lycaena mirza Staudinger, 1874. Z.N. (S.) 2426. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 43 (4): 342-343. LARSEN, T.B. 1986b (1983). Notes on Afrotropical butterflies with description of five new taxa and records of extension of known ranges. Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 45: 151-172. LARSEN, T.B. 1986c. Obituary. Lionel G. Higgins. Entomologiske Meddelelser 53: 82. LARSEN, T.B. 1986d. De arabiske dagsommerfugles geografi. Carlsbergfondets Årsskrift 1986: 27-31. LARSEN, T.B. 1987a. Biogeographical aspects of Middle Eastern and Arabian Butterflies. In: KRUPP, F., SCHNEIDER, W., and KINZELBACH, R. [eds]. Proceedings of the symposium on the fauna and zoogeography of the Middle East. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des vorderen Orients, A (Naturwissenschaften), nr. 28: 178-199. LARSEN, T.B. 1987b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Dhofar, 1979. Butterfly News 14: 8. LARSEN, T.B. 1988a. A butterfly migration in Kenya, May 1987. Atalanta (Marktleuthen) 18 (3- 4): 291-292. [Mixed migration] *LARSEN, T.B. 1988b. Differing oviposition and larval feeding strategies in two Colotis butterflies sharing the same food plant. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 42 (1): 57-58. *LARSEN, T.B. 1989a. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Dhofar, 1979. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 101: 38-39. *LARSEN, T.B. 1989b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Oman, May, 1981. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 101: 83-84. *LARSEN, T.B. 1989c. Painted ladies (Cynthia cardui L.) eaten by a bee-eater aboard ship at sea. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 101: 87. *LARSEN, T.B. 1989d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Dhofar, 1979. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 101: 106. *LARSEN, T.B. 1990a. Hazards of butterfly collecting - Kakamega, Kenya, 1988. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 102 (9-10): 245-247. [Feeding behaviours] *LARSEN, T.B. 1990b. What is in a name? Metamorphosis 1 (27): 14-15. *LARSEN, T.B. 1990c. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Yemen. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 102: 141-142. *LARSEN, T.B. 1990d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Kenya, 1989. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 102: 39-40. *LARSEN, T.B. 1991a. On the use of the generic name Cyclyrius for butterflies of the African mainland. Metamorphosis 2 (2): 17-18. LARSEN, T.B. 1991b. The African pied wagtail Motacilla aguimp preying on butterflies. Babbler (Gaborone) Nos 21-22: 80. LARSEN, T.B. 1991c. The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford: i-xxii, 1-490. [#book] *LARSEN, T.B. 1991d. Hazards of butterfly collecting - Nigeria 1989. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 103 (3-4): 94-95. LARSEN, T.B. 1991e. The butterflies of the Okavango Delta with special reference to the Moremi Wildlife Reserve. Moremi Game Reserve Management Plan, Vol. 1. Department of Wildlife and National Parks and Kalahari Conservation Society. Gaborone, . *LARSEN, T.B. 1991f. Hazards of butterfly collecting, South Africa, 1991 – visiting the Hennings. Metamorphosis 2 (4): 21-22. LARSEN, T.B. 1991g. Botswana’s butterflies get recognition. Kalahari Conservation Society Newsletter 34: 6. *LARSEN, T.B. 1991h. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Samburu, Kenya. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 103: 154-155.

134 *LARSEN, T.B. 1991i. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Yemen, 1981. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 103: 15-16. LARSEN, T.B. 1991j. Butterflies of Botswana. Marung 9: 23-25. LARSEN, T.B. 1991k. The African monarch butterfly (Danaus chrysippus). National Museum, Monuments, and Art Gallery, Botswana, Information Sheet no. 4: 1-2. *LARSEN, 1991l. The Butterflies of Botswana and their Natural History. Unpublished, periodically updated electronic document. *LARSEN, T.B. 1992a. On the status of Colotis agoye (Wallengren, 1857) and its subspecies. Metamorphosis 3 (1): 5-10. *LARSEN, T.B. 1992b. Butterfly collecting in the Tswapong Hills, Botswana (September, 1991). Metamorphosis 3 (1): 18-20. *LARSEN, T.B. 1992c. Platylesches ayresii Trimen and P. langa Evans are distinct species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae [Hesperiidae]). Metamorphosis 3 (1): 25-27. *LARSEN, T.B. 1992d. Dimorphic larvae of Papilio demodocus: an urgent and interesting research topic in South Africa. Metamorphosis 3 (2): 53-55. *LARSEN, T.B. 1992e. The butterflies of the Gemsbok National Park in Botswana (Lepidoptera - Rhopalocera). Botswana Notes and Records 24: 181-203. LARSEN, T.B. 1992f. Butterflies in Kenya. Swara 15 (3): 18-20. LARSEN, T.B. 1992g. The forktailed drongo Dicrurus chasing a large butterfly. Babbler (Gaborone) No. 23: 46-48. (Charaxes candiope). *LARSEN, T.B. 1992h. Migration of Catopsilia florella in Botswana (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 3 (1): 2-11. *LARSEN, T.B. 1992i. Temporary prey-specialisation on migrant butterflies by bluecheeked bee- eaters. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 104 (9-10): 253-255. (Catopsilia florella). *LARSEN, T.B. 1992j. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Morogoro, Tanzania, 1977. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 104 (9-10): 255-256. LARSEN, T.B. 1992k. Butterflies; Africa’s fininshing touches. In Touch Summer, 1992: 8-12. LARSEN, T.B. 1992l. Dagsommerfugle i Kenya. Carlsbergfondets Årsskrift: 46-50. *LARSEN, T.B. 1992m. A chameleon as predator of butterflies and its avoidance of known aposomatic species. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 3: 101-104. *LARSEN, T.B. 1992. Photo essay: Mimicry in action. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 3 (1): 12. *LARSEN, T.B. 1992. Photo essay: Spider predation of butterflies. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 3 (2): 74. *LARSEN, T.B. 1993a. Hazards of butterfly collecting – the tampan ticks of Gemsbok. Metamorphosis 4 (1): 31-32. *LARSEN, T.B. 1993b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – the magic of Tsodilo. Metamorphosis 4 (2): 89-90. *LARSEN, T.B. 1993c. Hazards of butterfly collecting – giraffes and silk panties. Metamorphosis 4 (3): 127-128. *LARSEN, T.B. 1993d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – spare that bouquet - Ethiopia, 1982. Metamorphosis 4 (4): 186-187. *LARSEN, T.B. 1993e. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Field research in Ghana. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 105: 279-281. *LARSEN, T.B. 1993f. Hazards of butterfly collecting – the magic of Tsodilo - Botswana. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 105: 289. *LARSEN, T.B. 1994a. Hazards of butterfly collecting – the Tampan Ticks of Gemsbok, Botswana, 1991. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 106: 24-26. *LARSEN, T.B. 1994b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – home James, please – Ghana, 1993. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 106: 112-113.

135 *LARSEN, T.B. 1994c. Fruit-feeding butterflies in large numbers on flowers. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 106 (9-10): 157-158. *LARSEN, T.B. 1994d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – managing Hotel de France, Madagascar 1983. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 106: 169-170. *LARSEN, T.B. 1994e. Iolaus newporti, a new species of Lycaenidae from Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 106 (11-12): 197-200. *LARSEN, T.B. 1994f. Hazards of butterfly collecting – looking for Papillons de Zaire, October, 1989. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 106: 244-246. LARSEN, T.B. 1994g. Graphium policenes (Cramer, 1775), Graphium policenoides (Holland, 1892), and Graphium liponesco (Suffert, 1904) three closely related taxa (Lepidoptera; Papilionidae). Lambillionea 94 (2) (Tome I): 148-156. LARSEN, T.B. 1994h. Anthene helpsi sp. nov. A remarkable new lycaenid from Ghana. (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 94 (4) (Tome II): 550-552. *LARSEN, T.B. 1994i. Hazards of butterfly collecting – driven out by drivers – Ghana, 1993. Metamorphosis 5 (1): 36-37. *LARSEN, T.B. 1994j. Hazards of butterfly collecting – that wonderful family feeling. Metamorphosis 5 (3): 139-140. *LARSEN, T.B. 1994k. Hazards of butterfly collecting – all in a day for "skypower". Metamorphosis 5 (4): 181-182. LARSEN, T.B. 1994l. The butterflies of Ghana – their implications for conservation and sustainable use. Unpublished report to the IUCN and the Ghana Department of Game and Wildlife. LARSEN, T.B. 1994m. Butterfly biodiversity and conservation in the Afrotropical region. In: Pullin-AS (Ed.) Ecology and Conservation of Butterflies. Chapman & Hall, London: i-xiv, 1-363. Chapter pagination: 290-303. *LARSEN, T.B. 1994n. Diopetes kakumi, a new hairstreak from Kakum National Park, Ghana (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 5 (2): 83-84. LARSEN, T.B. 1994o. A brief introduction to the butterflies of Kakum National Park. Kakum National Park. *LARSEN, T.B. 1995a. Liptena priscilla a new liptenid butterfly from Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 107 (1-2): 29-32. *LARSEN, T.B. 1995b. A large-scale migration of the African skipper Andronymus gander Evans, 1946 near Calabar, Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Entomologists' Record and Journal of Variation 107 (11-12): 263-266. *LARSEN, T.B. 1995c. Butterfly and invertebrate extinctions in Africa west of the Dahomey Gap. Metamorphosis 6 (1): 22-24. *LARSEN, T.B. 1995d. Butterflies in Kakum National Park, Ghana. Metamorphosis 6 (3): 138- 145. *LARSEN, T.B. 1995e. Gegenes pumilio (Hoffmansegg, 1804) – an appeal for help. Metamorphosis 6 (4): 192-193. LARSEN, T.B. 1995f. Butterflies in Kakum National Park, Ghana, part 1: Papilionidae, Pieridae & Lycaenidae. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 54 (398): 3-8. LARSEN, T.B. 1995g. Ariadne enotrea and Ariadne albifascia identification, status, and distribution (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 95 (1) (Tome II): 132-134. *LARSEN, T.B. 1996a. Hypokopelates boormani – a new lycaenid from Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 108 (1-2): 7-9. *LARSEN, T.B. 1996b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – that wonderful family feeling, Ghana 1993. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 108: 76-77. *LARSEN, T.B. 1996c. Hazards of butterfly collecting – spare that bouquet, Ethiopia 1981. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 108: 206-207.

136 *LARSEN, T.B. 1996d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – tracking down a Cymothoe – Oban Hills, Nigeria, 1995. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 108 (11-12): 291-292. LARSEN, T.B. 1996e. Graphium almansor (Honrath 1884) in West Africa, and the status of G. carchedonius (Karsch 1895) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome I): 137- 140. LARSEN, T.B. 1996f. Iolaus (Etesiolaus) kyabobo – a new butterfly from Ghana (Lepidoptera; Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 96 (2) (Tome I): 275-277. LARSEN, T.B. 1996g. Butterflies of the Cross River National Park. Nigeria Parks 1 (2): 24. *LARSEN, T.B. 1996h. Conservation of the name Cyrestis camillus Fabricius. Metamorphosis 7 (1): 43. LARSEN, T.B. 1996i. Butterflies as indicator species in Africa. Tropical Lepidoptera Research News 3, September 1996: 1, 3-4. *LARSEN, T.B. 1996j. Review of Carcasson’s African butterflies. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 7: 38. LARSEN, T.B. 1996k. The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Updated Second Edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford: i-xxii, 1-500. [#book] LARSEN, T.B. 1996l. Butterfly art in Africa – conservation implications. Butterfly Conservation News 61: 12-14. LARSEN, T.B. 1996m. Miracle of birth: The butterfly. NKO – the parrots. Ghana Wildlife Clubs. 7 (1): 4-5. *LARSEN, T.B. 1997a. Hazards of butterfly collecting – vanishing Papilio zalmoxis, Oban Hills, Nigeria, March 1995. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 109: 40-41. *LARSEN, T.B. 1997b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – the lost sheep – Ghana, August, 1996. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 109: 136-138. LARSEN, T.B. 1997c. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Last flight to Natitingou, Benin, 1978. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 109: 198-200. *LARSEN, T.B. 1997d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Christian Cat goes camping. Botswana 1991. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 109: 206-207. *LARSEN, T.B. 1997e. Hazards of butterfly collecting – driven out by drivers – Ghana, 1993. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 109: 243-244. LARSEN, T.B. 1997f. Uranothauma belcastroi, a new west African submontane butterfly (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 97 (1) (TomeI): 5-6. LARSEN, T.B. 1997g. Butterflies in Kakum National Park. In: Ghana Wildlife Department, et al. Facing the storm – five years of research in and around Kakum National Park, Ghana. Conservation International, Washington DC, USA. LARSEN, T.B. 1997h. Butterflies of the Cross River National Park – diversity writ large. Workshop proceedings: Essential partnership – the forest and the people. Cross River National Park, Calabar, Nigeria: 229-235. LARSEN, T.B. 1997i. An annotated list of the butterflies known from the Obudu Plateau. Workshop proceedings: Essential partnership – the forest and the people. Cross River National Park, Calabar, Nigeria: 213-228. *LARSEN, T.B. 1997j. A revision of the Hypolycaena lebona group of African Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera), with description of two new species and a new subspecies. Metamorphosis 8 (4): 172-182. *LARSEN, T.B. 1997k. An overview of the distribution patterns of Afrotropical rainforest butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Metamorphosis Occasional Supplement No.3: 183- 188. LARSEN, T.B. 1997l. Hazards of butterfly collecting – the lost sheep – Ghana, 1996. Lepidoptera News, June 1977 (2): 5. LARSEN, T.B. 1997m. Korup butterflies – Biodiversity writ large. Report on a butterfly study

137 mission to Korup National Park in Cameroun during January and February of 1997. Report to WWF and Korup National Park, 69pp. LARSEN, T.B. 1997n. Case 3002. Papilio camillus Fabricius, 1781 (currently Cyrestis camillus) and Limenitis reducta Staudinger, 1901 (Insecta, Lepidoptera): proposed conservation of the specific names. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 54 (3): 155-158. *LARSEN, T.B. 1998a. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Trekking into Mkpot1, Cross River, Nigeria – March, 1995. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 110: 24-26. *LARSEN, T.B. 1998b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Trekking out of Mkpot1, Cross River, Nigeria – March, 1995. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 110: 68-69. *LARSEN, T.B. 1998c. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Wandering in Africa, Cameroun Feb. 1997. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 110: 169-170. *LARSEN, T.B. 1998d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Kwesi’s parrot, Cape Coast, Ghana, January 1995. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 110: 240-241. *LARSEN, T.B. 1998e. On the status of Colotis doubledayi angolanus Talbot, 1929. Metamorphosis 9 (1): 47. *LARSEN, T.B. 1998f. Butterfly research in West Africa. Metamorphosis 9 (3): 137-140. LARSEN, T.B. 1998g. Two new species of Tetrarhanis from West Africa (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Lipteninae). Lambillionea 98 (1): 77-80. LARSEN, T.B. 1999a. Butterflies of West Africa – origins, natural history, diversity, and conservation. Draft systematic part. Larsen CD-ROM, Manila. LARSEN, T.B. 1999b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Schevy, West Africa 1993-1998. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 111: 69-70. LARSEN, T.B. 1999c. Hazards of butterfly collecting – A bad day in Oyster Bay, Tanzania 1977. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 111: 193-194. LARSEN, T.B. 1999d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Fax for you, Sir. Korup National Park. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 111: 284-285. *LARSEN, T.B. 1999e. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Fax for you, Sir. Korup National Park. Metamorphosis 10 (1): 22-23. *LARSEN, T.B. 1999f. Cyrestis camillus conserved. Metamorphosis 10 (1): 47. LARSEN, T.B. 2000a. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Anybody there, Botswana 1992. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 112: 21-22. LARSEN, T.B. 2000b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – The non-turbulent priest, Ghana 1996. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 112: 89-91. LARSEN, T.B. 2000c. Hazards of butterfly collecting: Chasing Papilio parsimon, London 1999. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 112 (4) [July-August]: 167-168. [Lepidochrysops parsimon, L. nigeriae] LARSEN, T.B. 2000d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – juche in Burkina Faso, February 1988. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 112: 217-218. LARSEN, T.B. 2000e. The status of Lepidochrysops parsimon Fabricius, 1775 with the description of a new brown member of the genus from West Africa (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 100 (2) (Tome I): 211-214. [L. parsimon, L. celaeus, L. labeensis, L. loveni, L. nigeriae] LARSEN, T.B. 2000g. The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history (3rd edition). Oxford University Press, Oxford. [#book] LARSEN, T.B. 2001a. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Ornipholidotos larseni, Nigeria 1967- 1969. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 113: 80-81. LARSEN, T.B. 2001b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – An escourt will be needed, Oman 1979. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 113: 138-139. LARSEN, T.B. 2001c. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Airport Hotel, Lagos – Nigeria 1978/80. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 113: 175-176.

138 LARSEN, T.B. 2001d. Hazards of butterfly collecting – We are going to kill you, Sir. Benin, Nigeria, 1969. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 113: 235-236. LARSEN, T.B. 2001e. Hazards of butterfly collecting – late 1999. What is Brephidium exilis doing in the Emirates? Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 112 (6): 273-274. *LARSEN, T.[B.] 2001f. Hazards of butterfly collecting – The ‘best’ butterfly day of my life. Metamorphosis 12 (2): 53-54. LARSEN, T.B. 2001g. The butterflies of Ankasa/Nini-Suhein and Bia protected area systems in western Ghana. Protected Areas Development Programme. UGL/Ghana Wildlife Department. LARSEN, T.B. 2002a. Hazards of butterfly collecting – the ‘best’ butterfly days of my life – Gambari, Nigeria, 1969. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 114: 82-83. LARSEN, T.B. 2002b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – ‘Boys’ Own’ scientists on the Musandam Peninsula, Oman, 1979. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 114: 135-136. LARSEN, T.B. 2003a. The validity and synonymy of the names Bicyclus martius Fabricius, 1793 and B. sanaos Hewitson, 1866 (Nymphalidae; Satyrinae). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 115: 95-96. *LARSEN, T.B. 2003b. The emperor swallowtails (Papilio hesperus Westwood and P. horribilis Butler) in West Africa (Lep.: Papilionidae). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 115 (4): 189-192. [also notes in regard to Papilio pelodorus]. [PDF file on CD 1] LARSEN, T.B. 2004. Hazards of butterfly collecting. i-vi, 1-250. Cravitz Printing Co., Ltd, Essex. [#book] LARSEN, T.B. 2005a. Butterflies of West Africa. Apollo Books, Svendborg, Denmark: 1-595 (text) & 1-270 (plates). [#book] LARSEN, T.B. 2005b. Danaus chrysippus (Lep.: Nymphalidae, Danainae) on the droppings of the gemsbok Oryx gazella in Gemsbok National Park, Botswana/South Africa. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 117 (3): 130-131. LARSEN, T.B. 2005c. Hazards of butterfly collecting: Father Theodor Maessen, London and Florida, 1993. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 117 (2): 77-78. *LARSEN, T.B. 2005d. Coeliades libeon (Druce, 1875) – a migratory butterfly used as human food (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 120 (5): 189-191. LARSEN, T.B. 2006a. Hazards of butterfly collecting. Butterflies and surgical contraception – Yemen, 1980. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 118 (2): 85-87. *LARSEN, T.B. 2006b. Aposematism, mimicry, chameleons and butterflies – A challenging research opportunity. Metamorphosis 17 (3): 99-107. LARSEN, T.B. 2006c. Papillons collectes au Mont Bero, sud-est de la Guinee, lors de l’inventaire RAP de novembre-decembre 2003. In: WRIGHT, H.E., McCULLOUGH, J., ALONSO, L.E., & DIALLO, M.S. [Eds.] 2006. Une evaluation biologique rapide de trois foret classees du sud-est de la Guinee. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 40: 224-228. *LARSEN, T.B. 2006d. The Ghana butterfly fauna and its contribution to the objectives of the protected areas system. WDSP Report no. 63. Wildlife Division (Forestry Commission) & IUCN (World Conservation Union), 207pp. LARSEN, T.B. 2006e. The butterflies of Kyabobo National Park, Ghana and those of the Volta Region. WDSP Report no. 64. Wildlife Division (Forestry Commission) & IUCN (World Conservation Union), 60pp. LARSEN, T. B. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Money laundering – Kyabobo National Park, Ghana, August 2005. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 118: 277-278. LARSEN, T.B. 2007. Additional comments on butterflies of the Upland Evergreen Forest of the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, Ghana. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 47: 61-62. LARSEN, T.B. 2008. Forest butterflies in West Africa have resisted extinction… so far

139 (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea). Biodiversity and Conservation 17: 2833- 2847. *LARSEN, T.B. 2009a. Anthene georgiadisi sp. nov. (Lep.: Lycaenidae) – a new butterfly from Liberia. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 121 (1): 47-51. *LARSEN, T.B. 2009b. Azanisis Kemal, 2004 – a junior synonym of Azanus Moore, 1881 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 20 (1): 40-41. LARSEN, T.B. 2009c. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Abantis eltringhami, skipper extraordinary – Cameroun 2003. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 121 (3): 143-146. * LARSEN, T.B. 2009d. Metisella orientalis Aurivillius, 1925 is a perfectly valid name that should not be replaced by M. abdeli (Krüger, 1928) (Hesperiidae: Heteropterinae). Metamorphosis 20 (3): 100-102. LARSEN, T.B. 2009e. Hazards of butterfly collecting. The case of the Nigerian Euriphene – 1967- 2009. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 121 (6): 258-261. *LARSEN, T.B. 2010a. Gorgyra stewarti sp. nov. – A surprising new skipper butterfly from Cameroun and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 122: 55-58. LARSEN, T.B. 2010b. Hazards of butterfly collecting – Killing an African skipper: (Papilio flesus Fabricius, 1781 = Sarangesa aza Evans, 1941 syn. nov. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 122 (4): 163-166. *LARSEN, T.B. 2010. Book review: Gael Vande weghe (2010). Les Papillons du Gabon. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 20 (2): 105. *LARSEN, T.B. 2011. A molecular study of the genus Colotis Hubner (Pieridae) – implications for South African butterfly names. Metamorphosis 22 (1): 12-17. *LARSEN, T.B. 2012. Taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Melphina Evans and the description of two new genera: Melphiyet and Noctulana (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae, Incetae sedis). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 22 (1): 16-23. Abstract: Two new genera of Afrotropical Hesperiidae, Melphinyet and Noctulana, are described to receive some of the species currently included in the genus Melphina Evans, to which they do not belong. The type species are respectively Melphina flavina Evans and Parnara noctula Druce. The need to include genitalia and androconial features in the definition of genera is emphasized since this was rarely done when defining the African Hesperiidae genera. The males of all species and a selection of genitalia from the three genera are illustrated. *LARSEN, T.B. 2013. Ceratricula and Flandria – two new genera of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Hesperiinae (incertae sedis)) for species currently placed in the genus Ceratrichia Butler. Zootaxa 3666 (4): 476-488. Abstract: Two genera of Afrotropical Hesperiidae are described to receive species currently placed in Ceratrichia Butler, where they do not belong. Ceratricula gen. nov. comprises a single species spanning most of the main rainforest zone from Sierra Leone to Uganda and south to Zambia in three subspecies, ssp. congdoni ssp. nov. being new and ssp. indeterminabilis Strand raised from synonymy. Flandria gen. nov. consists of three rare or very rare species that are limited to eastern Cameroun and the western Democratic Republic of Congo, which gives this genus a more restricted range than any other among the African forest skippers; the three Flandria had previously been placed in Ceratrichia, Pardaleodes, or Andronymus. *LARSEN, T.B. 2013. Two new species in the African skipper genera Borbo (Hesperiinae, Baorini) and Platylesches (Hesperiinae: Incertae sedis). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 23 (2): 92-98. Abstract: Borbo cottrelli is described as a new species from Zambia. It is close to the sympatric and widespread B. holtzi, but differs in both external features and genitalia and the two species are sympatric. Platylesches morigambia is deswcribed as a new wholly West African species. Evans (1937) listed it under the name P. batangae, but the latter is a very different, rare skipper from Cameroun and Congo. LARSEN, T.B. (IN PRESS). Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of the Bumbuna area of Sierra Leone. Nippon Koei, UK (World Bank Environmental Impact Assessment study). *LARSEN, T.B., ADUSE-POKU, K. & SAFIAN, S. 2009. The butterflies of Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary – biodiversity and extinction in a forest fragment in Ghana. African Entomology 17 (2): 131-146. ABSTRACT: The butterfly fauna of the Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary in Ghana is reviewed in detail. The Sanctuary covers just 1.9 km2 but only parts are truly forested. It is situated in the extreme north of the original forest zone and is

140 currently isolated from any larger forests by some 50 km of derived savanna and farmbush. It has survived only because it provides the essential habitat for two species of monkey that are revered by the local communities. Surveys indicate that the present butterfly fauna is about 375 species, which is impressive for a tiny forest in far from pristine condition. Comparison with other forests in Ghana indicates that it would have contained about 500 species when it was part of a larger, contiguous forest system. It would thus seem that the small size and increasing isolation has so far led to a loss of no more than 125 species (25% of its original fauna), which includes most of the endemic and rarer species in the country. A larger number of butterflies appears to survive in small forest fragments than is the case with birds. Continued monitoring would be interesting in its own right, but also because forest fragments are potentially important as stepping stones between the increasingly isolated major forests of Ghana. *LARSEN, T.B., ADUSE-POKU, K., BOERSMA, H., SAFIAN, S. & BAKER, J. 2007. Bobiri butterfly sanctuary in Ghana – Discovering its butterflies (with a checklist of the 930 butterflies of Ghana). Metamorphosis 18 (3): 88-125. LARSEN, T.B., BARTLETT, T., & DROTSKY, J.H. 1991. Bluecheeked bee-eaters feeding on migrant butterflies. Babbler (Gaborone) Nos 21-22: 77-78. (Catopsilia florella). LARSEN, T.B., & BOORMAN, J. 1995. A new African butterfly commemorating Bob St. Leger, Pseudathyma legeri (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 95 (4) (Tome II): 611-613. *LARSEN, T.B. & COCK, M.J.W. 2011. A new species of Eretis (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 21 (1): 12-16. Abstract: Eretis artorius sp. nov. is described as new from Kakamega Forest, western Kenya, and other specimens are reported from Uganda and Rwanda. It is compared with other species of the genus that co-occur or are likely to co-occur within this range. Living and pinned adults are illustrated. The male genitalia are illustrated and compared with those of Eretis vaga Evans and E. rotundimacula Evans. *LARSEN, T.B., & COLLINS, S.C. 1998. Two new species of Anthene from West Africa (Lepidoptera; Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 98 (3) (Tome I): 372-376. *LARSEN, T.B. & COLLINS, S.C. 2011. The African skipper genus Caenides Holland and the description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 21 (2): 62-65. Abstract: The new species Caenides dacenova from Ebogo in Cameroun is described in relation to C. dacenilla Aurivillius – its closest relative – and C. otilia. It is so far only known from nine males and a single female collected on several different dates in the type locality and at Djoum close by, apparently being both rare and of restricted range. The general ecology and the distribution of the eight Caenides species currently accepted in the genus are discussed. *LARSEN, T.B. & COLLINS, S.C. 2012. Herila – a new genus to receive the Afrotropical skipper Teniorhinus herilus (Hopffer, 1855) (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae (incertae sedis)). Entomologia Africana 17 (2): 55-64. Abstract: The new genus Herila is described for the species currently known as Teniorhinus herilus (Hopffer, 1855) and compared with other genera in which the species has earlier been placed. A brief historical overview of the description of African genera of Hesperiidae is given. [Herila Gen nov, Herila herilus (Hopffer 1855) (Hesperiidae): Comb nov, transferred from Teniorhinus, Pamphila herilus Hopffer 1855 (Hesperiidae): Designated type species for new genus, Herila.] *LARSEN, T.B. & COLLINS, S.C. 2013. Kobelana: a new genus for two South African skippers currently placed in Calleagris Aurivillius (as C. kobela Aurivillius, 1925 and C. krooni Vári, 1974) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae: Tagiadini). Metamorphosis 23: 8-15. [Kobelana gen. nov.] *LARSEN, T.B. & COLLINS, S.C. 2014. Some new and interesting African Hesperiidae – the fifth ABRI research paper. Metamorphosis 25: 60-76. *LARSEN, T.B. & COLLINS, S.C. 2015. Hollandus, a new genus for the African skipper Pardaleodes xanthopeplus, with the description of a new subspecies (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae [incertae sedis]). Metamorphosis 26: 4–11. *LARSEN, T.B. & CONGDON, T.C.E. 2011. Triskelionia, a new African genus of the Celaenorrhinini (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) and the promotion of T. compacta to species- status. Zootaxa 2931: 53-58. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/1/zt02931p058.pdf Abstract: Triskelionia is defined and described as a new genus for the Afrotropical skipper known as Sarangesa tricerata (Mabille, 1891) (Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Celaenorrhinini). Its subspecies S. tricerata compacta Evans, 1937 is raised to species rank. The host plant is Dalbergia armata (Fabaceae) and it is the only known member of the African Celaenorrhinini that does not have Acanthaceae as host-plant and the pupa is the only one known without a free proboscis sheath. *LARSEN, T.B. & CONGDON, T.C.E. 2012. The genus Ampittia in Africa with the description of a new species (Hesperiinae; Aeromachini) and three new species in the genera

141 Andronymus and Chondrolepis (Hesperiinae, incertae sedis) (Lepidoptera; Hesperiidae). Zootaxa 3322: 49-62. LARSEN, T.B., & DALL’ASTA, U. 1994. Liste provisoire commentée de papillons (Rhopalocera & Grypocera) de la Foret Classé de Bossématié (Est de la Côte d’Ivoire) – Rapport Lepidoptera nr. 2. Mimeographed report. Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren. LARSEN, T. [B.], & LARSEN, K. 1980. Butterflies of Oman. Bartholomew Books, Edinburgh: 1- 80. [#book] LARSEN, T.B., & MEI, M. 1998. Butterflies from a Guinea savannah transition area, the Parc National du Haut Niger (Republic of Guinea), with description of a new subspecies of Platylesches robustus (Lepidoptera Hesperiidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 130 (3): 255-272. LARSEN, T.B., & PEDGLEY, D.E. 1985. Indian migrant butterflies displaced to Arabia by monsoon storm ‘Aurora’ in August 1983. Ecological Entomology 10 (2): 235-238. LARSEN, T.B., & PITTAWAY, A.R. 1982. Notes on the ecology, biology and taxonomy of Apharitis acamas (Klug) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Entomologist’s Gazette 33: 163-168. *LARSEN, T.B., & PLOWES, R.M. 1991. The status of Myrina silenus (F.) in southern Africa and the proposal of a new subspecific name (Lepidoptera; Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 2 (4): 5-8. *LARSEN, T.B., & PLOWES, R. 1992. Butterfly collecting in the Tswapong Hills, Botswana (September 1991). Metamorphosis 3 (1): 18-20. *LARSEN, T.B., PYRCZ, T.W., SAFIAN, S. & WARREN-GASH, H. 2009. Two biogeographically significant new species of Euriphene Boisduval, 1847 from West Africa and Nigeria: E. epe Pyrcz & Larsen and E. taigola Sáfián & Warren-Gash (Lepidoptera: Nymphalinae: Adoliadini). Metamorphosis 20 (3): 89-99. LARSEN, T.B. & RAWLINS, J.E. 2014. A new species of skipper in the Afrotropical genus Procampta Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae: Tagiadini). Annals of the Carnegie Museum 82(4): 331-335. Abstract: This paper describes a new African skipper, Procampta admiratio (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae: Tagiadini), inhabiting much of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It cannot be distinguished by external features from Procampta rara Holland, 1892, from Gabon, the Central African Republic, and West Africa. For 122 years the genus Procampta Holland, 1892, was thought to be a monotypic genus. The genitalia of the two species are very different and it was possible to confirm that those of the P. rara holotype were West African. On present knowledge the two species are wholly allopatric, though a specimen from Bangui, Central African Republic, is only 220 km north of the nearest P. admiratio. *LARSEN, T.B., RILEY, J., & CORNES, M.A. 1980. The butterfly fauna of a secondary bush locality in Nigeria. Journal of Research in Lepidoptera 18: 4-23. [PDF file on CD 1] *LARSEN, T.B. & VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 2012. The name Bicyclus safitza (Westwood, 1850) should continue to be used (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). SHILAP Revista lepidopterologia 40 (157): 85-86). *LARSEN, T.B., VANE-WRIGHT, R.I., KUNTE, K. & NAZARI, V. 2009. Papilio danae Fabricius, 1775 [currently Colotis danae] (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pieridae): proposed conservation of prevailing usage by the suppression of Papilio danae Hufnagel, 1766, for the purposes of homonymy. Journal of Zoological Nomenclature 66 (3): 250-255. *LARSEN, T.B., YAGO, M., VANE-WRIGHT, R.I., WILLIAMS, M., UEDA, K. & YOKOCHI, T. 2011. Case 3503. Papilio hesperus Westwood, 1843 (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Papilionidae): proposed conservation by the suppression of Papilio hesperus Fabricius, 1793 (Nymphalidae). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 68 (3): 190-196. Abstract: The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is to conserve the name Papilio hesperus Westwood, 1843 (Lepidoptera, PAPILIONIDAE) for a well-known species of butterfly. In 1995 it was proposed to ask the Commission to suppress Papilio hesperus Fabricius, 1793 (Lepidoptera, NYMPHALIDAE) in order to conserve Papilio hesperus Westwood, 1843 (Lepidoptera, PAPILIONIDAE), but a formal application was never made. The senior name has not otherwise been used except as a junior synonym of Papilio daedalus Fabricius, 1775, or in inconclusive discussions, for 200 years or more. Accepting its seniority would be very disruptive to taxonomic stability of butterfly names in much of the African rainforest zone. The suppression of Papilio hesperus Fabricius, 1793 for the purposes of both

142 the Principle of Homonymy and the Principle of Priority would coincidentally also serve to conserve the name Harma chalcis C. & R. Felder, 1860, which is in widespread use in much of Africa in the combination Euryphura chalcis. LAST, J.T. 1895. Notes on western Madagascar and the Antinosi country. Geographical Journal 6: 227-252, 300. *LATHY, P.I. 1901. An account of a collection of Rhopalocera made at Zomba in British Central Africa. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1901: 19-36. *LATHY, P.I. 1903. An account of a collection of Rhopalocera made on the Anambara Creek in Nigeria, West Africa. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1903: 183-206. *LATHY, P.I. 1906a. A new species of Charaxes from Rhodesia. Entomologist 39: 125. *LATHY, P.I. 1906b. A contribution towards the knowledge of African Rhopalocera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1906: 1-10. *LATHY, P.I. 1921. Two new species of Lycaenidae from Madagascar. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 8: 208. LATHY, P.I. 1925. Notes sur les Charaxes de la collection de Madam G. Fournier (1). Encyclopedie Entomologique (B.3 Lepidoptera) 1: 93-97. LATREILLE, P.A. 1804. Tableau methodique des Insectes. Tableaux methodiques d’histoire naturelle. Nouveau Dictionnaire d’Histoire Naturelle 24: 129-200. LATREILLE, P.A. 1807. Eintheilung der Linneischen Gattungen Papilio und Sphinx. Magazin fur Insektenkunde (Illeger) 6: 290-295. LATREILLE, P.A. 1809. Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum… 4: [iv], 1-399. Parisiis & Argentorati. LATREILLE, P.A. 1810. Considerations generales sur l’ordre naturelle des animaux composant les classes des Crustaces, des Arachnides et des Insectes. 1-444. Paris. LATREILLE, P.A., & GODART, J.B. [1819], [1824]. Encyclopedie Methodique Histoire Naturelle [Zoologie] 9 Entomologie: i-iv, 1-328 [1819], 329-828 [1824]. Paris. LAWES, M.J., EELEY, H.A.C., & PIPER, S.E. 2000. The relationship between local and regional diversity of indigenous forest fauna in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Biodiversity and Conservation 9 (5): 683-705. *LAWRENCE, J.M. 2000a. Preliminary evaluation of the composition, distribution and faunal affinities of the butterflies of the Seychelles Archipelago. Metamorphosis 11 (4): 174-184. *LAWRENCE, J.M. 2000b. Meso-distribution, abundance and phenotypic variation in Hypolimnas misippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) on Cousine Island, Seychelles. Metamorphosis 11 (3): 146-153. *LAWRENCE, J.M. 2000c. Butterflies of the East Rand, South Africa. Metamorphosis 11 (4): 183-185. LAWRENCE, J.M. 2004a. Ecology and biology of a Seychelles island Borbo gemella (Lepidoptera: Hesperiinae) metapopulation. Phelsuma 12: 153-157. *LAWRENCE, J.M. 2004b. Lepidoptera of Bird Island, Seychelles. Metamorphosis 15 (2): 77-79. LAWRENCE, J.M. 2005. Lepidoptera of Cousine Island, Seychelles. Phelsuma 13: 94-101. *LAWRENCE, J.M. 2009a. Habitat restoration and the decline of the African Grass Blue butterfly, Zizeeria knysna (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), on a small Seychelles island. Metamorphosis 20 (3): 131-140. LAWRENCE, J.M. 2009b. Comparative biometrics of a Seychelles island Borbo gemella (Lepidoptera: Hesperiinae) metapopulation. Phelsuma 2009: 46-49. Abstract: None. LAWRENCE, J.M. 2009c. Euploea rogeri (Lepidoptera: Danainae), a little known Seychelles butterfly. Phelsuma 2009: 53-56. Abstract: None. LAWRENCE, J.M. 2010. A short note on the Striped Policeman Butterfly, Coeliades forestan (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in Seychelles. Phelsuma 18: 90-94. Abstract: None.

143 LAWRENCE, J.M. 2011. A further note on Hypolimnas bolina in Seychelles. Phelsuma 2011: 41- 42. Abstract: None. *LAWRENCE, J.M. 2015. Rediscovery of the threatened Stoffberg Widow butterfly, Dingana fraterna: the value of citizen scientists for African conservation. Journal of Insect Conservation DOI 10.1007/s10841-015-9787-0. *LAWRENCE, J.M. 2016. Recent butterfly observations from Mauritius. Metamorphosis 27: 6-14. *LAWRENCE, J.M., BROWN, M., LAWRENCE, P.D., & BALLANTYNE, C.J. 1998. Butterflies of the Pietermaritzburg National Botanic Gardens, South Africa: a conservation perspective. Metamorphosis 9 (4): 149-155. *LAWRENCE, J.M. & CREFFORD-VENTER, M. 2014. Field Guide to the Butterflies of the Seychelles. Siri Scientific Press, United Kingdom. 125 pp., 14 plates. (ISBN 978-0-9574530- 9-8) http/www.siriscientificpress. co.uk *LAWRENCE, J.M., LAWRENCE, P.D., & LAWRENCE, D.R. 1999. A note on the red listed Metisella meninx skipper (Lepidoptera: Hesperridae). Metamorphosis 10 (2): 84-85. *LAWRENCE, J.M., & SAMWAYS, M.J. 2001. Hilltopping in Hyalites encedon (Lepidoptera: Acraeinae) butterflies. Metamorphosis 12 (2): 41-48. *LAWRENCE, J.M., & SAMWAYS, M.J. 2002. Influence of hilltop vegetation type on an African butterfly assemblage and its conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation 11: 1163- 1171. [PDF file on CD 1]. LAWSON, B.W.L., & DUODU, Y.A. 1984. Life history and seasonal occurrence of the tossa jute defoliator, Acraea terpsichore (L.) (Lep., Nymphalidae) in Ghana. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 120: 47-53. [Acraea neobule] LE CERF, F. 1912a. Descriptions de Lepidopteres nouveaux d’Afrique orientale. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1912: 290-292. LE CERF, F. 1912b. Descriptions de Lepidopteres nouveaux d’Afrique orientale (Papilionide). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1912: 336-337. LE CERF, F. 1912c. Description d’un Papilio du Congo francais. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1912: 382-383. LE CERF, F. 1913. Description d’une aberration de Papilio demodocus Esp. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1913: 405-406. LE CERF, F. 1916. Note sur deux Pierides (Lep. Rhopal) de l’ile Maurice et de l’ilot d’Astove. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1916: 112-113. LE CERF, F. 1919. Voyage de MM. Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel dans l’Afrique Orientale. Description de formes nouvelles de Lepidopteres (Papilionidae, Satyridae). Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle. Paris 25: 162-165. LE CERF, F. 1920. Voyage de MM. Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel dans l’Afrique Oriental – Descriptions de deux formes nouvelles d’Amaurina ansorgei E. Sharpe [Lepidopt. Danaidae]. Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle. Paris 26: 39-40. LE CERF, F. 1921. Descriptions de Lepidopteres nouveaux de Madagascar. Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle. Paris 27: 419-423. LE CERF, F. 1922a. Description de deux lepidopteres Africains nouveaux [Erycinidae, Agaristidae]. Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle. Paris 28: 59-61. LE CERF, F. 1922b. Description d’un Teracolus nouveau. Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle. Paris 28: 228-229. LE CERF, F. 1922c. Description d’un Salamis nouveau de l’ile Maurice [Lep. Nymphalidae]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1922: 287-288. LE CERF, F. 1923. Descriptions de formes nouvelles de Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres. Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle. Paris 29: 360-367; 428-429. LE CERF, F. 1924a. Lepidopteres nouveaux de la collection du Museum (Rhopaloceres). Bulletin

144 du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle. Paris 30: 137-139. LE CERF, F. 1924b. Contribution a la faune des lepidopteres de l’Erythree. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 93: 193-210. LE CERF, F. 1924c. Catalogue annote des “types” et formes nouvelles des Papilios d’Afrique contenus dans la collection du “Hill Museum”. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Wiley 1: 369- 399; 576; 578; 580; 582; 584. LE CERF, F. 1927a. Lepidopteres nouveaux du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris et notes diverses. Encyclopedie Entomologique (B. 3. Lepidoptera) 2: 44-58. LE CERF, F. 1927b. Description d’un Charaxes nouveau d’Abyssinie. Encyclopedie Entomologique (B. 3. Lepidoptera) 2: 144. LE CERF, F. 1928. Lepidopteres Africains nouveaux. Encyclopedie Entomologique (B. 3. Lepidoptera) 3: 117-126. LE CERF, F. 1931. Un Papilio nouveau d’Afrique. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1931: 275-278. LE CERF, F. 1932. Charaxes nouveaux du Congo Belge (Lepid. Rhopal.). Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle. Paris (2) 4: 405-406. LE CERF, F. 1933. Lepidopteres nouveaux d’Afrique orientale. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 38: 158. LE CHARLES, L. 1951. La vie et les metamorphoses du Charaxes jasius Linne. Terre et la Vie 98: 21-31. [Biology and early stages] LE DOUX, C. 1922. Acraeen-Studien 1 (Lep. Rhop.). 1. Die Identitat der Acraea violae F. (Indien) und Ac. neobule D.u.H. (Afrika). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1922: 297-316. LE DOUX, C. 1923a. Acraeen-Studien II (Lep. Rhop.). 1. Der Formenkreis von Acraea caldarena Hew. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1923: 207-226. LE DOUX, C. 1923b. Neue Formen von Pieris zochalia Bsd. und cleodora Hbn. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1923: 582-584. LE DOUX, C. 1928. Acraeen-Studien III (Lep. Rhop.). 1. Der Nomenklatuur und der Formenkreis von Cr. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1928: 97-115. LE DOUX, C. 1929. Beitrage zur Kenntis der afrikanischen Teracoliden (Lep. Rhop). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 15: 1-11. LE DOUX, C. 1931a. Neue Acraeinae aus Afrika und Madagascar (Lepidopt. Rhopal.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1931: 49-59. LE DOUX, C. 1931b. Eine neue Subspecies von Acraea chilo Godm. aus Sud-Arabien (Lep. Acr.) Acraea chilo yemensis le Doux. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 2: 42-43. LE DOUX, C. 1931c. Acraeen-Studien IV. Der Nomenklatuur und der Formenkreise von Acraea encedon L. und Acraea lycia F. (Lepid. Rhopal.). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17: 239-272. LE DOUX, C. 1932a. Neue Acraeinae (Lepid. Rhopal.) aus Afrika. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 3: 4-7. LE DOUX, C. 1932b. Acraeen-Studien V (Lep. Rhopal.). Eine Monographie des Rassenkreises Acraea acrita Hewitson. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 18: 172-225. LE DOUX, C. 1933. Eine neue Acraea aus Sud-Arabien.. Mitteilungen der Munchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft 23: 35-36. LE DOUX, C. 1937. Acraeen-Studien VI (Lep. Rhop.). Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Acraeinen Fauna Afrikas besonders des Belgischen Congos. Die Gattung Planema Doubl.. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaine 29: 151-187. LEDERER, J. 1855. Beitrag zur Schmetterlings-Fauna von Cypern, Beirut und einem Theile Klein- Asiens. Vehandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien 5: 177-234. LEE, C.L. 1966. On the Chinese species of Borbo Evans (Lep. Hesperiidae). Acta Zoologica Sinica

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146 *LEPIDOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY OF AFRICA 2010. A tribute to Ivan Bampton – Born England 29th April 1926 – Died South Africa 29th May 2010. Metamorphosis 21 (4): 183-207. [Obituary] LERY, X., FEDIERE, G., KOUASSI, N.K., & HERDER, S. 1994. Collection Entomologique. Vol. 2. Papilionides et Nymphalides de Cote d’Ivoire (Lepidoptera). IIRSDA. LESTON, D. [1972]. The natural history of some West African insects. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 108: 110-122. [Libythea labdaca; migration] LESTON, D. 1980. The natural history of some west African insects. 10. The swallowtails (Lep., Papilionidae) of Ghana. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 115: 39-41. LESTON, D. 1981. The natural history of some west African insects. 18. Trap catches of Charaxes butterflies (Lep., Nymphalidae). Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 116: 228-231. LESTON, D., & WINK, M. 1976. The 1972 migration of Libythea labdaca Westwood and Hewitson (Lep.: Nymphalidae) in Ghana. Entomologists’ Monthly Magazine 111 (Jul.-Sep.): 137-140. LEWIS, O.T., WILSON, R.J., & HARPER, M.C. 1998. Endemic butterflies on Grande Comore: habitat preferences and conservation priorities. Biological Conservation 85 (1-2): 113-121. LEWIS, Z., BRAKEFIELD, P.M. & WEDELL, N. 2010. Speed or sperm: A potential trade-off between development and reproduction in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). European Journal of Entomology 107 (1): 55-59. *LEWIS, Z., & WEDELL, N. 2007. Effect of adult feeding on male mating behaviour in the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Journal of Insect Behavior 20 (2): 201-213. LIBERT, M. 1992a. Notes faunistiques sur les lepidopteres rhopaloceres du Cameroun. 1. – Liste d'especes non connues du Cameroun. Lambillionea 92 (1): 21-34. LIBERT, M. 1992b. Insularite continentale: le cas des lepidopteres rhopaloceres de la dorsale camerounaise. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 96 (4): 375-398. LIBERT, M. 1993a. Description de nouveaux lycenides orophiles du Cameroun (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 97 (4): 321-332. LIBERT, M. 1993b. Caracteres generaux, subdivisions et eco-ethologie du genre Euptera Staudinger (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 98: 47-76. LIBERT, M. 1993c. Niche temporelle: la partition du temps de vol quotidien chez les Epitola Westwood (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 98 (3): 209-215. LIBERT, M. 1994a. Contribution a l'etude des Lycaenidae africains: revision du genre Egumbia Bethune-Baker (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 94 (1) (Tome I): 39-45. LIBERT, M. 1994b. Contribution a l'etude de Lycaenidae africains: mise au point sur le genre Aslauga Kirby (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 94 (3) (Tome II): 411-435. LIBERT, M. 1994c. Evolution temporelle des populations de rhopaloceres de deux collines boisees des environs de Yaounde (Cameroun). Revue d'Ecologie la Terre et la Vie 49 (2): 151-175. LIBERT, M. 1994d. Biodiversite: le peuplement en rhopaloceres de deux collines de la region de Yaounde, Cameroun (Lepidoptera). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 99 (4): 335-355. LIBERT, M. 1995. Contribution a l'etude des Lycaenidae africains: le genre Euliphyra Holland (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 95 (4) (Tome II): 577-583. LIBERT, M. 1996a. Contribution a l'etude des Lycaenidae africains. Revision du genre Lachnocnema Trimen, (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 96 (1) (Tome II): 185-202. LIBERT, M. 1996b. Contribution a l'etude des Lycaenidae africains: revision du genre Lachnocnema Trimen, deuxieme partie (1). (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 96 (2) (Tome II): 367-386.

147 LIBERT, M. 1996c. Contribution a l'etude des Lycaenidae africains: revision du genre Lachnocnema Trimen, troisieme partie. (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 96 (3) (Tome I): 479-500. LIBERT, M. 1996d. [New Bicyclus from Cameroon (Lepidoptera, Satyridae).] Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 101 (2): 201-208. *LIBERT, M. 1997a. Biodiversity and orophily on the Cameroon Highlands. Metamorphosis Occasional Supplement No.3: 4-10. LIBERT, M. 1997b. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae Africains: deuxieme note sur le genre Aslauga Kirby (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 97 (4) (Tome I): 543-556. LIBERT, M. 1998. [In memory of Jan Kielland. Description of six new species of the genus Epitola Westwood (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae).] In: Congdon, C., and Collins, S. 1998. Kielland’s butterflies of Tanzania. Supplement. African Butterfly Research Institute & Union des Entomologistes Belges, Nairobi & Tervuren, 143 pp. *LIBERT, M. 1999. Révision des genres Epitola Westwood, Hypophytala Clench et Stempfferia Jackson, et description de trois nouveaux genres (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae). A.B.R.I., Nairobi and Lambillonea, Tervuren, February, 1999, 219 pp. [#book] LIBERT, M. 2000a. [Revision of the genus Epitolina Aurivillius, with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae).] Lambillionea 100 (1) (Tome II): 95-115. LIBERT, M. 2000b. Le genre Ornipholidotos Bethune-Baker au Cameroun. Descriptions du genre Torbenia n. gen. et de onze nouvelles especes (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 105 (5): 433-466. LIBERT, M. 2000c. Révision du genre Mimacraea Butler avec description de quatre nouvelles especes et deux nouvelles sous-especes. A.B.R.I., Nairobi and Lambillonea, Tervuren, May, 2000: 1-72. [#book] LIBERT, M. 2001. Euchrysops Butler et Lepidochrysops Hedicke: deux genres distincts? Description de quatre nouvelles especes et de deux nouvelles sous-especes (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 101 (3) (Tome I): 351-371. [Lepidochrysops abri, L. phoebe, L. quassi bernaudi, L. victoriae occidentalis] *LIBERT, M. 2003. Note sur le genre Cupidopsis Karsch (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 103 (2) (Tome II): 319-324. LIBERT, M. 2004a. Revision du genre Oxylides Huebner (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 104 (2) (Tome I): 143-158. [O. faunus binza raised to O. binza; O. faunus camerunica ssp. n., Cameroon; O. faunus stempfferi referred to O. O. feminina] LIBERT, M. 2004b. Revision du genre Syrmoptera Karsch (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 104 (3) (Tome II): 433-445. [S. caritas sp. n. (Central African Republic); S. mixtura removed from synonymy with S. homeyerii; S. nivea downgraded to S. melanomitra nivea] LIBERT, M. 2004c. Revision des Deudorix africains (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). A.B.R.I., Nairobi, Kenya and Lambillionea, Tervuren, Belgium. [#book] *LIBERT, M. 2004d. Note on the Ploetz’s collection (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Lambillionea 104 (4): 730-732. [Notes on type specimens of Afrotropical taxa.] LIBERT, M. 2005a. Une nouvelle sous-espice de Deudorix (Virachola) livia d’Oman (Lep., Lycaenidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 110 (3): 297-298. [Deudorix livia barnetti Libert, 2005; p. 298] *LIBERT, M. 2005b. More data from male genitalia? The case of the genus Aslauga Kirby (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 105 (4) (Tome II): 612-614. LIBERT, M. 2005c. Deux nouvelles especes du genre Euptera Staudinger (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 110 (4-5): 377-380. [Euptera ginettae sp. nov., DRC; Euptera mirabilis sp. nov., DRC] LIBERT, M. 2005d. Revision du genre Telipna Aurivillius (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). A.B.R.I., Nairobi, Kenya and Lambillionea, Tervuren, Belgium. [#book] LIBERT, M. 2005e. Revision des Ornipholidotos et Torbenia (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). A.B.R.I.,

148 Nairobi, Kenya and Lambillionea, Tervuren, Belgium. [#book] *LIBERT, M. 2006. Note sur le genre Henotesia Butler (Lepidoptera, Satyridae). Lambillionea 106 (2) (Tome I): 167-180. LIBERT, M. 2007a. Revision du genre Pseudaletis Druce (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). A.B.R.I., Nairobi, Kenya and Lambillionea, Tervuren, Belgium. [#book] *LIBERT, M. 2007b. Note on the genus Graphium Scopoli (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Lambillionea 107 (1): 19-29. LIBERT, M. 2008. Structures enigmatiques dans le tractus genital des femelles de Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 113 (3): 277-285. [Anthene, Lycaenesthini, Polyommatinae, Theclinae, Cheritrini, Dapidodigma, Iolaini, Poritiinae, Liptenini, Mimacraea, Baliochila, Teriomima, Pseuderesia, Cnodontes] LIBERT, M. 2010. – Revision des Anthene africains (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). A.B.R.I. & Lambillionea. 1-420, 33 colour plates. [#book] LIBERT, M. 2011a. Note sur le genre Scudder, 1876 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Lambillionea 111 (1): 53-66. LIBERT, M. 2011b. Note sur Axiocerces argenteomaculata Pagenstecher, 1902 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 116 (3): 277-278. Abstract: The history of A. argenteomaculata is examined and data are provided on its distribution; synonymy of A. jacksoni Stempffer, 1948, with A. argenteomaculata is confirmed. LIBERT, M. 2013. Revision du genre Aphnaeus Hübner (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). A.B.R.I., Nairobi, Kenya, 100pp, 13plates. [#book] *LIBERT, M. 2014a. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). A.B.R.I., Nairobi, Kenya, 270pp, 26 plates. [#book] *LIBERT, M. 2014b. Nouveaux taxons du genre Euptera Staudinger, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 119(1): 79–90. *LIBERT, M. 2016. Taxonomy of the African Liphyrini, A.B.R.I., Nairobi, 128 pp., 13 plates. [#book] *LIBERT, M. 2017. Nouvelles espèces du genre Euptera Staudinger, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 122 (1): 83-96. *LIBERT, M., & AMIET, J.L. 2006. Genitalia males des Euryphura, Euriphene et genres allies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitinae). Lambillionea 106 (3) (Tome I): 487-500. LIBERT, M., AMIET, J.L., CHOVET, G., & COLLINS, S. 2000. [Precisions on Papilio rex schultzei Aurivillius (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae).] Entomologia Africana 5 (1): 15-22. *LIBERT, M. & ANNOYER, P. 2015. Un nouveau Chloroselas de Centrafrique (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Aphnaeinae). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 120 (1): 31-36. [Chloroselas pseudozeritis ngottoana] LIBERT, M., BALITEAU, L. & BALITEAU, S. 2011. Deux nouveaux Lycaenidae du Cap-Vert (Lepidoptera). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 116 (1): 63-67. [Chilades evorae, Leptotes pirithous capverti] LIBERT, M., CHOVET, G., & COLLINS, S. 2002a. Revision de genre Euptera Staudinger (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi & Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren, i-ii, pp. 177. Chapter pagination: 49-119. [Euptera dorothea warrengashi Libert, 2002; Ivory Coast; Guinea] LIBERT, M., CHOVET, G., & COLLINS, S. 2002b. Revision du genre Pseudathyma Staudinger (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi & Union des Entomologistes Belges, Tervuren, i-ii, pp. 177. Chapter pagination: 121-146. [Pseudathyma cyrili; Pseudathyma endjami; Pseudathyma falcata; Pseudathymna jocqueana; Pseudathyma jacksoni kivuensis; Pseudathyma martini; Pseudathyma michelae; Pseudathyma plutonica shaba; Pseudathyma uluguru abriana] LIBERT, M., CHOVET, G., COLLINS, S., & AMIET, J.L. 1995. [The species groups of the genus Euptera Staudinger (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). 1. The groups of Euptera elabontas, E. kinugnana, E. crowleyi and E. mirifica.] Lambillionea 95 (3) (Tome I): 315-339. LIBERT, M., & COLLINS, S.C. 1997a. [Note on the genus Stempfferia Jackson, with description

149 of a new species. (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae)]. Lambillionea 97 (1) (Tome I): 31-33. *LIBERT, M., & COLLINS, S.C. 1997b. A new species of Cymothoe Hübner from Cameroon (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Metamorphosis 8 (4): 183-190. *LIBERT, M. & COLLINS, S.C. 2011. Note on Mimacraea gelinia (Oberthur, 1893), with the description of a new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 22 (1): 18-21. Abstract: A new subspecies of M. gelinia from southern Tanzania, M. gelinia ssp. nov., and the female of M. gelinia nguru Kielland are described. Mimacraea gelinia was described after a male from the Usambaras, in NE Tanzania. Almost one century later, Kielland (1986) described the subspecies nguru, based on a single male collected in the eponymous mountains. In the revision of the genus Mimacraea (Libert, 2000: 51), four males of M. gelinia collected in the Uzungwa mountains (southern Tanzania) were tentatively attributed to this subspecies, but the author underlined several differences between these males and the holotype of M. g. nguru. Since the revision was published, more specimens of M. gelinia have been collected by ABRI collectors in both the Nguru and Uzungwa mountains. These new specimens allow better characterization of subspecies nguru, especially thanks to the discovery of the female, and show that the Uzungwa males represent a distinct subspecies, which is described here as M gelinia georgia ssp. nov.; the female of this subspecies is still unknown. All three subspecies are clearly orophilic; many examples of such allopatric subspeciation are known in Tanzania (see fig. 1. page 21, map showing the distribution of the three subspecies). *LIBERT, M. & COLLINS, S.C. 2013. Description of two new species of African Lycaenidae in the collection of the African Butterfly Research Institute. Metamorphosis 24: 3-6. Abstract: Two new species of African Lycaenidae recently discovered in East Africa are described, Aslauga gallmannae Collins & Libert sp. nov. from Kenya, and Pseudaletis barnetti Libert & Collins sp. nov. from Uganda. *LIBERT, M. & COLLINS, S.C. 2015. Revision of the Cerautola crippsi species group, with the description of three new taxa from Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Poritiinae). Metamorphosis 26: 45-50. *LINARES, M.C., SOTO-CALDERON, I.D., LEES, D.C. & ANTHONY, N.M. 2009. High mitochondrial diversity in geographically widespread butterflies of Madagascar: a test of the DNA barcoding approach. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50 (3): 485-495. [Heteropsis] LINDEMANS, J. 1910. Euphaedra imperialis, een nieuwe West-Afrikaansche Nymphalide. Tijdschrift vor Entomologie 53: 278-279. *LINNAEUS, C. 1758. Systema Naturae 1, Regnum Animale, 10th edition: 1-824. Holmiae. LINNAEUS, C. 1761. Faune Svecica, sistens Animalia Sveciae regni … distrubata per classes etc [xlvi], 1-578. Stockholm. *LINNAEUS, C. 1763. Centuria Insectorum (reprinting of a dissertation by Boas Johansson). Amoenitates Academicae 6: 384-415. *LINNAEUS, C. 1764. Museum Ludovicae Ulricae Reginae [viii], 1-720 + [2] pp. Holmiae. *LINNAEUS, C. 1767. Systema Naturae 1 (2), 12th edn: 533-1328 + [36] pp. Holmiae. LINNAEUS, C. 1771. Mantissa Plantarum alterna Generum editionalis VI & Specierum editionis II. (Mantissa prioris additamenta). [Regni Animalis appendix] 143-588. LIONNET, G. 1970. Note on the Lepidoptera of Astove Atoll. Atoll Research Bulletin 136: 113- 114. LISEKI, S.D. 2009. Butterfly diversity and its relevance to conservation in north-eastern Tanzania [PhD thesis]. Canterbury (UK): University of Kent. *LISEKI, S.D. & VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 2011. Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: introduction and family Papilionidae. Journal of Natural History 45 (37-38): 2375-2396. *LISEKI, S.D. & VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 2013. Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Coliadinae. Journal of Natural History 47 (19-20): 1309-1323. Abstract: This paper forms part of a series on the butterfly fauna of Mount Kilimanjaro. Three genera ( Catopsilia, Colias and Eurema) with eight species of Coliadinae are believed to occur within the main forest zone. However, of these, one or two may prove to be no more than variants of a third species, Eurema desjardinsii. A fourth conventionally recognized member of the complex may occur on the lower slopes below 1800m. The widespread species Eurema hecabe occurs on the lower slopes, but records are sparse, and no records of its close relative Eurema floricola, with which it has often been confused, have been found. The need for original field and laboratory research on the taxonomy of African Eurema species is stressed. Keys to adult Coliadinae found in Tanzania, with colour illustrations, are included as online supplementary material.

150 *LISEKI, S.D. & VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 2014. Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoideae) of Mount Kilimanjaro: family Pieridae, subfamily Pierinae. Journal of Natural History 48(25–26): 1543–1583. *LISEKI, S.D. & VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 2015. Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae. Journal of Natural History DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106. *LISEKI, S.D. & VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 2016. Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamilies Libytheinae, Danainae, Satyrinae and Charaxinae. Journal of Natural History 50 (13-14): 865-904. DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1091106 LITSINGER, J.A., BUMROONGSRI, V., MORRILL, W.L., & SANTHOY, O. 1994. Rearing, developmental biology and host plant range of the rice skipper Pelopidas mathias (F.) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Insect Science and its Application 15 (1): 9-17. LLOYD, J., & ZWICK, K.L. 1997. Kyambura Wildlife Reserve. Small fauna survey. Frontier- Uganda Wildlife Protected Areas Project Baseline Surveys Programme Report 10, 1997: i-v, 1-21. *LOFTIE-EATON, M. LepiMAP – the atlas of African Lepidoptera. Babbel Blues Issue 2: 36. LOFTIE-EATON, M., UNDERHILL, L.G. & DOUBELL, E. 2016. Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) on Robben Island: Preliminary results from LepiMAP. Biodiversity Observations 7.60: 1–8. URL: http://bo.adu.org.za/content.php?id=253 *LOHMAN, D.J., PEGGIE, D., PIERCE, N.E. & MEIER, R. 2008. Phylogeography and genetic diversity of a widespread Old World butterfly, Lampides boeticus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology 8 (301): 1-14. *LONDT, J. 1989. Butterfly prey of robber flies. Metamorphosis 1 (23): 3. *LONDT, J. 1990. Robber flies predatory on Lepidoptera. Metamorphosis 1 (25): 3-5. *LONDT, J.G.H. 1992. Natal butterfly atlas: progress report and call for assistance. Metamorphosis 3 (2): 70. *LONDT, J.G.H. 1993. Natal butterfly atlas: progress report and further call for assistance from private collectors. Metamorphosis 4 (1): 38-40. *LONDT, J.G.H. 1999. Butterfly predation by robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae). Metamorphosis 10 (1): 24-30. LONDT, J.G.H. 2006. Predation by Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera): an analysis of 2000 prey records. African Entomology 14 (2): 317-328. *LONGSTAFF, G.B. 1909. Bionomic notes on butterflies. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1908: 607-673. LONGSTAFF, G.B. 1912. Butterfly hunting in many lands. xx, 1-729. London. *LONGSTAFF, G.B. 1916. Butterflies of southern Kordofan, collected by Captain R.S. Wilson, Lancashire Regiment. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1916: 269-288. LONNBERG, E. 1929. The development and distribution of the African fauna in connection with and depending upon climatic changes. Arkiv fur Zoologi 21 (A) (4): 1-33. LORKOVIC, Z. 1979. Eine unerwartete nachtragliche Bestatigung. Atalanta (Marktleuthen) 10 (2): 158. [Tarsocera cassus] LOVELL, S., HAMER, M., SLOTOW, R. & HERBERT, D. 2007. Assessment of congruency across invertebrate taxa and taxonomic levels to identify potential surrogates. Biological Conservation 139 (1-2): 113-125. [KwaZulu-Natal; includes Papilionoidea] LOVETT, J.C., & CONGDON, C. 1989a. Notes on the Madenge Forest, Livingstone Mountains, Tanzania. East African Natural History Society Bulletin 19 (3): 31-32. [Butterfly species recorded] *LOWE, T., GARWOOD, R.J., SOMONSEN, T.J., BRADLEY, R.S. & WITHERS, P.J. 2013. Metamorphosis revealed: time-lapse three-dimensional imaging inside a living chrysalis. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 10 (84): 1-6.

151 Abstract: Studies of model insects have greatly increased our understanding of animal development. Yet, they are limited in scope to this small pool of model species: a small number of representatives for a hyperdiverse group with highly varied developmental processes. One factor behind this narrow scope is the challenging nature of traditional methods of study, such as histology and dissection, which can preclude quantitative analysis and do not allow the development of a single individual to be followed. Here, we use high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) to overcome these issues, and three- dimensionally image numerous lepidopteran pupae throughout their development. The resulting models are presented in the electronic supplementary material, as are figures and videos, documenting a single individual throughout development. They provide new insight and details of lepidopteran metamorphosis, and allow the measurement of tracheal and gut volume. Furthermore, this study demonstrates early and rapid development of the tracheae, which become visible in scans just 12 h after pupation. This suggests that there is less remodelling of the tracheal system than previously expected, and is methodologically important because the tracheal system is an often-understudied character system in development. In the future, this form of time-lapse CT-scanning could allow faster and more detailed developmental studies on a wider range of taxa than is presently possible. LOVETT, J.C., & CONGDON, C. 1989b. Notes on the Kigogo Forest, Mufindi, Tanzania. East African Natural History Society Bulletin 19 (4): 53. [Butterfly species recorded] *LU, S.S., & SAMWAYS, M.J. 2001. Life history of the threatened Karkloof blue butterfly, Orachrysops ariadne (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). African Entomology 9 (2): 137-151. [PDF file on CD 1] *LU, S.S., & SAMWAYS, M.J. 2002a. Behavioural ecology of the Karkloof blue butterfly Orachrysops ariadne (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) relevant to its conservation. African Entomology 10 (1): 137-147. [PDF file on CD 1] *LU, S.S., & SAMWAYS, M.J. 2002b. Conservation management recommendations for the Karkloof blue butterfly, Orachrysops ariadne (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). African Entomology 10 (1): 149-159. [PDF file on CD 1] *LUBKE, R.A., HOARE, D., VICTOR, J., & KETELAAR, R. 2003. The vegetation of the habitat of the Brenton blue butterfly, Orachrysops niobe (Trimen), in the Western Cape, South Africa. South African Journal of Science 99 (5-6): 201-206. [PDF file on CD 1] LUCAS, H. 1843. Observations sur un nouveau genre de la tribu des Nymphalites. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 11: 295-301. LUCAS, H. 1849. Exploration Scientifique de l’Algerie pendant les Annees 1840, 1841, 1842. Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articules (3) Insectes [v], 1-527. Paris. LUCAS, H. 1852a. Description de nouvelles especes de Lepidopteres appartenant aux collections entomologiques de Musee de Paris. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee 4: 324- 345. LUCAS, H. 1852b. Description de nouvelles especes de Lepidopteres appartenant aux collections entomologiques de Musee de Paris. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquee 4: 422- 432. LUCAS, H. 1866. Quelques remaques sur une variete du Chrysophanus phlaeas, Lepidoptere Acalinoptere de la tribu des Eryciniens et de la famille des Lycenides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (4) 5: 499-500. LUCAS, H. 1872. Description de quelques lepidopteres appartenant aux genres Charaxes et Cyligramma et provenant du voyage de Alf. Grandidier a Madagascar. Annales des Sciences Naturelles (5) 15 (No. 22): 1-4. *LUNDERSTEDT, M. 1991. Trip to Botswana and Zimbabwe from 14/ix/90 – 15/x/90. Metamorphosis 2 (1): 27-29. *LUNDERSTEDT, M. 1994. Botswana and Zimbabwe revisted – December 1993-January 1994. Metamorphosis 5 (2): 68-69. *LUNDERSTEDT, M. 2006. Zambia in a little Nissan. Metamorphosis 17 (1): 20-32. LUSHAI, G., ALLEN, J.A., GOULSON, D., MACLEAN, N., & SMITH, D.A.S. 2005. The butterfly Danaus chrysippus (L.) in east Africa comprises polyphyletic, sympatric lineages that are, despite behavioural isolation, driven to hybridization by female-biased sex ratios. Biological Journal of The Linnean Society 86 (1): 117-131. LUSHAI, G., GORDON, I.J., & SMITH, D.A.S. 2004. Evidence from mitochondrial DNA

152 supports earlier records of African queen butterflies (Danaus chrysippus) migrating in east Africa. Journal of East African Natural History 92 (1-2): 119-125. *LUSHAI, G., SMITH, D.A.S., GORDON, I.J., GOULSON, D., ALLEN, J.A., & MACLEAN, N. 2003. Incomplete sexual isolation in sympatry between subspecies of the butterfly Danaus chrysippus (L.) and the creation of a hybrid zone. Heredity 90 (3): 236-246. [PDF file on CD 1] *LUSHAI, G., ZALUCKI, M.P., SMITH, D.A.S., GOULSON, D., & DANIELS, G. 2005. The lesser wanderer butterfly, Danaus petilia (Stoll 1790) stat. rev. (Lepidoptera: Danainae), reinstated as a species. Australian Journal of Entomology 44 (1): 6-14. [Danaus chrysippus Linnaeus, 1758; syn. nov. Danaus aegyptius (Schreber, 1759).] *LYYTINEN, A., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., LINDSTROM, L., & MAPPES, J. 2004. Does predation maintain eyespot plasticity in Bicyclus anynana. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 271 (1536): 279-283. MABILLE, P. 1876a. [Diagnoses d’Hesperiens]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France (5) 5: 213-215. MABILLE, P. 1876b. Sur la classification des Hesperiens avec la description de plusieurs especes nouvelles. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (5) 6: 251-274. MABILLE, P. 1876c. Catalogue des Lepidopteres de la cote occidental d’Afrique. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 1: 194-203; 274-281. MABILLE, P. 1877a. [La description de trois especes nouvelles de lepidopteres de Madagascar]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France (5) 7: 37-39. MABILLE, P. 1877b. [Diagnoses de nouvelles especes d’]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France (5) 7: 39-40. MABILLE, P. 1877c. [Diagnoses de quelques espece nouvelles de Lepidopteres provenent de Madagascar]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France (5) 7: 71-73. MABILLE, P. 1877d. Diagnose d’Hesperides. Petites Nouvelles Entomoloqiques 2: 114. MABILLE, P. 1877e. Diagnoses de Lepidopteres de Madagascar. Petites Nouvelles Entomoloqiques 2: 157-158. MABILLE, P. 1877f. Catalogue des Lepidopteres du Congo. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 2: 214-240. MABILLE, P. 1878a. Descriptions de Lepidopteres nouveaux de la famille des Hesperides. Petites Nouvelles Entomoloqiques 2: 233-236. MABILLE, P. 1878b. Diagnoses de Lepidopteres de Madagascar. Petites Nouvelles Entomoloqiques 2: 285. MABILLE, P. 1878c. [Six diagnoses de Lepidopteres nouveaux, provenant de Madagascar et d’Afrique. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France (5) 8: 75-77. MABILLE, P. 1878d. Lepidoptera Africana. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 3: 81-95. MABILLE, P. 1878e. Catalogue des Hesperides du Musee Royal D’Histoire Naturelle Bruxelles. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 21: 12-44. MABILLE, P. 1879a. Lepidoptera Madagascariensa; species novae. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris (7) 3: 132-144. MABILLE, P. 1879b. Diagnoses de Lepidopteres de Madagascar. Petites Nouvelles Entomoloqiques 2: 289. MABILLE, P. 1880a. Diagnoses Lepidopterum Malagassicorum. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 23: 16-27. MABILLE, P. 1880b. Note sur une collection de lepidopteres recueillis a Madagascar. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 23: 104-109. MABILLE, P. 1880c. Recensement des lepidopteres heteroceres observes jusqu’a ce jour a Madagascar. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (5) 9: 291-348. MABILLE, P. 1880d. [Les description de trois nouvelle espece de Lepidopteres de Madagascar.

153 Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France (5) 9: 173-174. MABILLE, P. 1881. Note sur plusieurs envois de Lepidopteres provenant de Madagascar. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 25: 55-63. MABILLE, P. 1882. Description de Lepidopteres de Madagascar. Naturaliste 4: 99-100. MABILLE, P. 1883. Descriptions d’Hesperides. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 27: 51-78. MABILLE, P. 1884. Descriptions de Lepidopteres Exotiques. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 28: 184-191. MABILLE, P. [1885]. Histoire naturelle des Lépidoptères. In: Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar, ed. A. Grandidier. Vol. 19. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. MABILLE, P. [1887]. Histoire naturelle des Lépidoptères. In: Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar, ed. A. Grandidier. Vol. 18. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. MABILLE, P. 1889a. [Description de deux lepidopteres nouveaux de l’Afrique orientale. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France (6) 8: 169-170. MABILLE, [P.] 1899b. Description de Lepidopteres de Madagascar. Bulletin de Museum d’Histoire Naturelle. Paris 5: 373-375. MABILLE, P. 1890a. Voyage de M. Ch. Alluaud dans le territoire d’Assinie (Afrique occidentale) en juillet et aout 1886. Lepidopteres avec des notes sur quelques autres especes d’Afrique. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (6) 10: 17-51. MABILLE, P. 1890b. Description de Lepidopteres (Hesperides) nouveaux. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France (6) 9: 149-150; 155-156; 167-169; 183-184. MABILLE, P. 1891a. Description d’Hesperides nouvelles. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 35: 59-88; 106-121; 168-187. MABILLE, P. 1891b. [No title]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France (6) 10: 221-222. MABILLE, P. 1893. Description de lepidopteres nouveaux. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 37: 50-65. MABILLE, P. 1898. Description de lepidopteres nouveaux. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 66: 182-231. MABILLE, P. 1900. Lepidoptera nova Malagassica et Africana. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 68: 723-753. MABILLE, P. 1903-1904. Lepidoptera Rhopalocera Fam. Hesperidae [Hesperiidae]. In: WYTSMAN, P.A.G. Genera Insectorum 17: [ii], 1-210. Bruxelles. MABILLE, P., & BOULLET, E. 1916. Descriptions d’Hesperides nouveaux [Lep. Hesperiinae, sect B]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1916: 243-247. MABILLE, P., & VUILLOT, [P.] 1890-1895. Novitates Lepidopterologicae. 1-161. Paris. MACKAY, D.A., & JONES, R.E. 1989. Leaf shape and the host-finding behaviour of two ovipositing monophagous butterfly species. Ecological Entomology 14 (4): 423-431. [Eurema brigitta] MACLAREN, P.I.R. 1952. Migration of butterflies. Nigerian Field 17: 191. [Libythea labdaca] *MACY, R.W. 1953. Book review. Butterflies of Rhodesia, by Eliot Pinhey, 1949. The Lepidopterists’ News 7 (1): 25. MADZVAMUSE, A., THOMAS, R.D.K., SEKIMURA, T., WATHEN, A.J., & MAINI, P.K. 2003. The moving grid finite element applied to biological problems. In: SEKIMURA, T., NOKI, S., UENO, N., & MAINI, P.K. [EDS]. Morphogenesis and pattern formation in biological systems: experiments and models. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo: i-xx, 1-398. Chapter pagination: 59-65. [Papilio dardanus; mathematical models of wing pigmentation patterns] *MAESSEN, T. 1952. How I kept my butterfly collection in West Africa. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 64: 118-120. MAJERUS, M.E.N., HASSAN, S-S.M., & HANNELL, Y. 2006. Inter-specific hybrid mating by female Acraea sotikensis due to lack of males? Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’

154 Society 65 (467): 162-166. [Acraea sotikensis; Acraea alicia] MAKRIS, C. 2003. Butterflies of Cyprus. Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation, Nicosia, Cyprus, 329 pp. MALICKY, H. 1988. Lichtanflug von Tagfaltern. Nota Lepidopterologica 11 (3): 231-233. [Migration of Belenois aurota in Namibia, South Africa and Senegal] MALIKARJUNA, J., KUMAR, C.T.A., CHAKRAVARTHY, A.K. & SANTOSH, R. 2012. Seasonal incidence and abundance of pod borers in Dolichos bean, Lablab purpureus L. (Sweet) in Bengaluru, Karnataka, South India. Current Biotica 6 (1): 107-112. MAMET, J.R. 1955. A revised food-plant catalogue of the insects of Mauritius. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture Mauritius 90. 95 pp. *MANDERS, N. 1906. The variation of the larva and pupa of Vanessa hippomene Hub. Entomologist 39: 41-42. [Antanartia borbonica mauritiana] *MANDERS, N. [1908]. The butterflies of Mauritius and Bourbon. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1907 (4): 429-454. *MANSEL WEALE, J.P. 1874. Notes on the habits of Papilio merope, with a description of its larva and pupa. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1874, part 1: 131-136. [Papilio dardanus cenea] *MANSEL WEALE, J.P. 1877. On the variation of Rhopalocerous forms in South Africa. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1877: 265-275. MANUEL, L., MENDES, L., BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. & CORREIA, M. 2006. Novos dados sobre os papilionideos (Lepidoptera) de Angola. In: Angola Agricultura Recursos Naturais Desenvolvimento Rural, Volume 1, Chapter 14: 289-311. ISA Press. MARCHANT, S. 1950. Notes on a migration of the butterfly Libythea labdaca. Nigerian Field 15: 88-90. MARCUS, J.M. & EVANS, T.M. 2008. A simulation study of mutations in the genetic regulatory hierarchy for butterfly eyespot focus determination. Biosystems 93 (3): 250-255. [Bicyclus anynana] MARCUS, J.M., RAMOS, D.M., & MONTEIRO, A. 2004. Germline transformation of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences B 271: S263-S265. MARIAU, D. 2000. Les ravageurs du palmier à huile et du cocotier: biologie, description et méthodes de lutte. CIRAD, Montpellier, France, 1 disque optique numérique, CD-ROM. MARIAU, D. 2001. The fauna of oil palm and coconut: insect and mites pests and their natural enemies. CIRAD, Montpellier, 264 pp. MARIAU, D., DESMIER DE CHENON, R., JULIA, J.F. & PHILIPPE, R. 1981. Les ravageurs du palmier á huile et du cocotier en Afrique Occidentale. Oleagineux 36: 169–228. MARIAU, D. & MORIN, J.P. 1974. Les ravageurs et maladies du palmier á huile et du cocotier. Chenilles defoliatrices de la famille des Hesperidae en Afrique Occidentale. Oleagineux 29 (4), 187–188. MARLOTH, R. 1896. The fertilization of Disa uniflora Berg, by insects. Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society 7: 74-88. [Aeropetes tulbaghia] MARSH, C.J., LEWIS, O.T., SAID, I. & EWERS, R.M. 2010. Community-level diversity modelling of birds and butterflies on Anjouan, Comoro Islands. Biological Conservation 143 (6): 1364-1374. *MARSHALL, G.A.K. 1896. Notes on the seasonal dimorphism in South African rhopalocera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1896: 551-565. *MARSHALL, G.A.K. 1897. On the synonymy of the butterflies of the genus Teracolus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1897: 3-36. *MARSHALL, G.A.K. ET AL., 1902. Five years’ observations and experiments (1896-1901) on the bionomics of South African insects, chiefly directed to the investigation of mimicry and

155 warning colours. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1902: 287-584. *MARSHALL, G.F.L. 1883. Notes on Asiatic butterflies, with descriptions of some new species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882: 758-761. MARTIN, I. 2015. New records of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) from Bioko, , deposited in the collections of the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid, Spain. African Entomology 23 (1): 187-195. Abstract: A review of Fernando Poo’s Rhopalocera collection in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN) in Madrid led us [to] identify 172 species (14 Papilionidae, 18 Lycaenidae, 29 Pieridae, 94 Nymphalidae, and 17 Hesperiidae), of which 33 are new records for Bioko Island. To identify certain specimens in the genus Graphium, the genitalia of several individuals selected from among specimens captured on different dates and in various locations were examined and all were unequivocally seen to belong to the species Graphium policenes policenes. Therefore, we consider that the distribution of G. biokoense on Bioko Island should be revised. *MARTIN, I. 2015. Preliminary checklist and state of conservation of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of the Caldera de Luba, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. African Entomology 23 (2): 376-386. *MARTIN, I. & COBOS, P. 2014. Abisara rutherfordii Hewitson, 1874 in Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea): 100 years later (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Shilap-Revista de Lepidopterologia 42(167): 423–428. *MARTIN, I. & COBOS, P. 2015. Skipper butterflies of the Caldera de Luba, Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 43 (169): 65-71. MARTIN, I. & COBOS, P. 2016. Rhopalocera de la Caldera de Luba, isla de Bioko (Guinea Ecuatorial): Papilionidae, Pieridae y Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 44 (173): 157-168. MARTIN, L. 1903. Das genus Cyrestis, eine Revision der bekannten Arten unter Berucksichtigung der neuen Formen. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 16: 71-169. MARTIN, O.Y. & GAGE, M.J.G. 2007. Evolutionary conflicts: rapid suppression of a male killer. Current Biology 17 (19): R849-R851. [Hypolimnas, Wolbachia] MARTINS, D.J. 2004. Flitting Emperors – and Forest Queens. Swara 27 (2): 52-55. MARTINS, D.J. 2014. Butterfly pollination of the dryland wildflower Gloriosa minor. Journal of East African Natural History 103 (Part 1): 25-30. *MARTINS, D.J., COLLINS, S.C., CONGDON, C. & PIERCE, N.E. 2013. Association between the African lycaenid, Anthene usamba, and an obligate acacia ant, Crematogaster mimosae. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 109 (2): 302-312. Abstract: The African lycaenid butterfly, Anthene usamba, is an obligate myrmecophile of the acacia ant, Crematogaster mimosae. Female butterflies use the presence of C.mimosae as an oviposition cue. The eggs are laid on the foliage and young branches of the host plant, Acacia drepanolobium. Larvae shelter in the swollen thorns (domatia) of the host tree, where they live in close association with the acacia ants, and each larva occupies a domatium singly. Anthene usamba are tended by ants that feed from the dorsal nectary organ at regular intervals. Larvae also possess tentacle organs flanking the dorsal nectary organ and appear to signal to ants by everting these structures. Larvae were observed to spend most of their time within the domatia. Stable isotope analysis of matched host plantant/butterfly samples revealed that Anthene usamba are 15N enriched relative to the ants with which they associate. These data, based on the increase in 15N through trophic levels, indicate that the caterpillars of these butterflies are aphytophagous and either exploit the ant brood of C.mimosae within the domatia, or are fed mouth to mouth by adult workers via trophallaxis. This is the first documented case of aphytophagy in African Anthene. Pupation occurs inside the domatium and the imago emerges and departs via the hole chewed by the larva. The adult females remain closely associated with their natal patch of trees, whereas males disperse more widely across the acacia savannah. Females prefer to oviposit on trees with the specific host ant, C.mimosae, an aggressive obligate mutualist, and avoid neighbouring trees with other ant species. Adult butterflies are active during most months of the year, and there are at least two to three generations each year. Observations made over a 5-year period indicate that a number of different lycaenid species utilize ant-acacias in East Africa, and these observations are summarized, together with comparisons from the literature. MASCI, J., & MONTEIRO, A. 2005. Visualization of early embryos of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Zygote 13 (2): 139-144. MASON, J.L. 1972. Forest butterflies of western Uganda. Animals 15 (6): 268-271. *MASTERS, J.H. 1973. Book review. Tropical Butterflies”, by D.F. Owen. Journal of the

156 Lepidopterist’s Society 27 (?): ?. MARTIRE, D. & ROCHAT, J. 2008. Les Papillons de La Reunion et leurs chenilles. Biotope, Paris; 496pp.. MATANMI, B.A., & HASSAN, T.J. 1987. The life history and habits of Acraea eponina (Cramer) with notes on Acraea acerata Hewitson (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Revue de Zoologie Africaine 101 (3): 371-377. [Acraea serena] MATHOT, G., & KADIMA, V. 1971. Liste faunistique des Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres du Bas- Zaire. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danaidae, Nymphalidae, Acraeidae. Zooleo N.S. 3: 231-256. MAVI, G.S. 1992. A critical review on the distribution and host-range of pea blue butterfly, Lampides boeticus (Linn.). Journal of Insect Science 5 (2): 115-119. MAVI, G.S., & SINGH, J. 1986. Biology of pea blue Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus) on pea. Annals of Biology (Ludhiana) 2 (2): 130-135. MAYNE, R. 1917. Insectes et autres animaux attaquant le cacaoyer au Congo Belge. Études de Biologie agricole: No. 3. Ministère des Colonies, Service de l'Agriculture, Royaume de Belgique, 80 pp., 5 plates. *McBRIDE, C.S., VAN VELZEN, R. & LARSEN, T.B. 2009. Allopatric origin of cryptic butterfly species that were discovered feeding on distinct host plants in sympatry. Molecular Ecology 18: 3639-3651. [Cymothoe egesta confusa raised to Cymothoe confusa] McCLEERY, C.H. 1982. Sudanese butterflies on the edge of the Sahara. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society 41 (337): 181-186. McCLEERY, C.H. 1984. Sudanese butterflies - a postcript. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society 43 (344): 151. [Emended records for Sudan] *McDERMOTT, D. 2000. Chirinda Forest and the tale of Spindasis brunnea. Metamorphosis 11 (2): 51-52. [Cigaritis brunnea]. *McDERMOTT, D. 2001. Swordtails come to the party for a little braai salt and lemon! Metamorphosis 12 (1): 12-13. *McDERMOTT, D. 2004. ‘Going bananas’ in the twilight at Port St Johns. Metamorphosis 15 (2): 80-82. *McDERMOTT, D. 2005. Zimbabwe revisited – so much to do, so little time. Metamorphosis 16 (3): 83-86. *McDERMOTT, D. 2006a. Marshall’s acraea mimic (Mimacraea marshalli) and Homoptera – A lesson to be learnt. Metamorphosis 17 (3): 117-119. McGEOCH, M.A. 2002. Insect conservation in South Africa: an overview. African Entomology 10 (1): 1-10. [PDF file on CD 1]. McKOWN, S. 1994. Book review. “A practical guide to butterflies and moths in southern Africa”, by S.E. Woodhall (Ed.), 1992. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 48 (?): ?. *McLEOD, L. 1968 and 1969 (1970). Controlled environment experiments with Precis octavia Cram. (Nymphalidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 7 (1): 1-18 and 8 (2): 53-54. [PDF file on CD 1]. *McLEOD, L. 1975. Three aberrations of Precis octavia Cramer (Lep.: Nymphalidae) from East Africa. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 87 (3): 65-67. *McLEOD, L. 1980. Precis archesia ugandensis (Lep.: Nymphalidae): a new subspecies. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 92 (4-5): 109-113. McLEOD, L. 1984. Seasonal polyphenism in African Precis butterflies. Symposia of the Royal Entomological Society of London No. 11: 313-315. *McLEOD, L. 1988. Precis frobeniusi (Strand 1909) stat. nov. (Lepidoptera-Nymphalidae). Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 100 (11-12): 265-270. McLEOD, L. 2004. More aberrations of Colias electo electo L. (Lep.: Pieridae) from the Cape, South Africa. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 116 (2): 85-89. [ab. inconstantis; ab. memorabilis; ab. pallidula]

157 *McLEOD, L. 2006. An aberration of Chrysoritis pan (Pennington, 1962) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Metamorphosis 17 (2): 50. *McLEOD, L. 2007. Further investigations of the effect of low temperatures on the phenotype of the adults of Precis octavia (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Metamorphosis 18 (2): 48-55. McLEOD, L. 2009. Further aberrations of the African clouded yellow Colias electo L. (Lep.: Pieridae) from the Western Cape, South Africa. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 121 (4): 192-194. [Colias electo electo new aberrations elongata, infrastriata, meritatenae, postfulvescens] *McLEOD, L. 2011. Book review – Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region Volume 3: Lycaenidae by Bernard D’Abrera. Metamorphosis 22 (3 & 4): 117-120. McLEOD, L., & McLEOD, E. 2002. Colias electo electo L. ab. capensis ab. nov. (Lep.: Pieridae): A new aberration of the African Clouded Yellow from the Cape, South Africa. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 114 (5): 221-234. McLEOD, L., & McLEOD, G. 2004. Papilio dardanus Brown ab. obscura ab. nov. (Lep.: Papilionidae). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 116 (2): 60. [ *MEBS, D., REUSS, E., & SCHNEIDER, M. 2005. Studies on the cardenolide sequestration in African milkweed butterflies (Danaidae). Toxicon 45 (5): 581-584. [Nymphalidae; Danainae; Amauris ochlea ochlea; Danaus chrysippus] *MECENERO, S. 2014. SABCA, where it all began. Babbel Blues Issue 2: 35. *MECENERO, S., ALTWEGG, R., COLVILLE, J.F. & BEALE, C.M. 2015. Roles of spatial scale and rarity on the relationship between butterfly species richness and human density in South Africa. PLos One 10 (4): Article Number: e0124327 *MECENERO, S., BALL, J.B., EDGE, D.A., HAMER, M.L., HENNING, G.A., KRÜGER, M., PRINGLE, E.L., TERBLANCHE, R.F. & WILLIAMS, M.C. (eds.). 2013. Conservation assessment of butterflies of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland: Red list and atlas. Saftronics (Pty.) Ltd., Johannesburg and Animal Demography Unit, Cape Town. [#Book] *MECENERO, S., EDGE, D.A. & STAUDE, H.S. 2015. Southern African Lepidoptera Conservation Assessment (SALCA). Metamorphosis 26: 116-122. MEDLER, J.T. 1980. Insects of Nigeria – check list and bibliography. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute No. 30: vii, 1-919. *MEERABI, G. 2012. Visitation rate, effectiveness and efficiency of pollinators to fruiticosa (Linn) Druce. Bioscan 7 (3): 483-485. Abstract: Abundance and flower visitation rate of the pollinators of Cadaba fruiticosa (Linn) Druce (Capparidaceae), a butterfly pollinated shrub was studied over a 3-year period. The objective was to elucidate interspecific differences in the "quantity" component of the plant-pollinator interaction. The plant was solely visited by three butterfly species of the family Pieridae. These 3 pollinator species differed in flower visitation rate (0.046 - 0.113 flowers/ min). This variation was explained by differences in flower handling time (HT) i.e. TF/NF. Though the proboscis length of Colotis eucharis and C.danae were equal (17mm), the HT was differed. Anapheis aurota had longer proboscis (20mm) than the other two species and HT were also high. The total no. of visits that each pollinator contributed to the plant (NFV) was estimated as the product of abundance and visitation rate. The results revealed that C.eucharis was more effective pollinator to C.fruiticosa and the pollinator effectiveness influenced by foraging behavior. [ Belenois aurota, Colotis danae, Colotis eucharis] MEERMAN, J., & BOOMSMA, T. 1986. Der wenig bekannte Schwalbenschwanz aus Nord- Jemen, Papilio saharae rathjensi Warnecke 1932 – Freilandbeobachtungen und Zucht (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 96 (13): 177-182. MENDES, L.F. & BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. 2003. On a new subspecies of Hypokopelates viridis Stempffer, 1964 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from Guinea-Bissau. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia 213: 393-398. [Deudorix (Hypokopelates) viridis cufadana ssp. n., Guinea-Bissau] *MENDES, L.F. & BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. 2006a. A new species of Neita van Son (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) from southern Angola. Boletin Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 39: 95-96.

158 *MENDES, L.F. & BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. 2006b. Notes and descriptions of Afrotropical Appias butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Boletin Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 39: 151-160. *MENDES, L.F. & BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. 2007. New species of Cooksonia Druce, 1905 from Angola (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Lipteninae). SHILAP Revista Lepidopterologia 35 (138): 265-268. *MENDES, L.F. & BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. 2009a. Description of a new species of Mylothris from northern Angola (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 141 (1): 55-58. [Mylothris carvalhoi] * MENDES, L.F. & BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. 2009b. New account on the butterflies of Angola. The genus Leptomyrina (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 141 (2): 109-112. [Leptomyrina henningi angolensis ssp. n.] *MENDES, L.F. & BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. 2009c. The genus Abantis Hopffer, 1855 in Angola and description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae). SHILAP Revista Lepidopterologia 37 (147): 313-318. [Abantis bergeri sp. n.] MENDES, L.F. & BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. 2009d. On a new south-eastern Angolan satyrine butterfly belonging to a new genus (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 14 (2): 5-9. [Mashunoides carneiromendesi gen. n., sp. n.] MENDES, L.F. & BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. 2010. New data on Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera) from the Cape Verde Islands, with a review of previous records. Zoologia Caboverdiana 1 (1): 45-58. MENDES, L.[F]. & BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. 2012. Notes on the species of Hypolycaena (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Theclinae) known to occur in Angola. Boletin de la SEA 50: 193- 197. Abstract: New data are presented on the species of Hypolycaena (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Theclinae) known to occur in Angola. Two species are reported from the country for the first time: H. nigra in Kuanza Norte and H. spurcus ssp. in Huila. MENDES, L.F., BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. & CONSCIENCIA, S. 2007. Novos dados sobre os Lepidopteros diurnos (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea e Papilionoidea) da Guine-Bissau. I. Introducao e Hesperiidae. Boletin de la SEA 41: 209-221. [Guinea Bissau; catalogue and new records] MENDES, L.F., BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. & FIGUERA, R. 2013. Butterflies of Angola – Lepidoptera/Papilionoidea. Borboletas Diurnas de Angola. Vol 1. Hesperiidae-Papilionidae. CIBIO – Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Vairão, and IICT – Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical. Lisbon, Portugal, 286 pp. [book] MENDES, L.F., CONSCIENCIA, S. & BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. 2008. Novos dados sobre os lepidopteros diurnos (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea e Papilionoidea) da Guine-Bissau. III. Lycaenidae. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa No. 42: 159-174. *MENDES, L.F., CONSCIENCIA, S. & BIVAR DE SOUSA, A. 2009. Ecologia e diversidade das borboletas diurnas (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea e Papilionoidea) dao Parque Natural das Lagoas de Cufada (Guine-Bissau). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa No. 44: 401-416. [Guinea Bissau] *MENSAH, B.A. & KUDOM, A.A. 2011. Nutritional ecology of the mimetic butterfly Hypolimnas missipus [sic] L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Ghana. The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 44: 29-33. [Hypolimnas misippus] MERTON, P. 1987. Provisional check-list of the butterflies of Guinea-Bissau (W. Africa) [11] pp. Unpublished manuscript held in the library of the Natural History Museum, London. MEY, W. 2004a. Introduction: research on Lepidoptera of the Brandberg in Namibia (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Esperiana Memoir 1: 7-26. MEY, W. 2004b. The Brandberg in Namibia – a centre of endemism and refuge of Lepidoptera (Insecta). Esperiana Memoir 1: 311-316. MEY, W. 2007a. [Ed.]. The Lepidoptera of the Brandberg Massif in Namibia part 2. Esperiana Memoir 4: 1-303.

159 MEY, W. 2007b. Macrolepidoptera: smaller families and butterflies (Lepidoptera: Heterocera, Rhopalocera). Esperiana Memoir 4: 161-168, 288-289. [Survey of the Brandberg, Namibia] MIGDOLL, I. 1988. Ivor Migdoll’s field guide to the butterflies of southern Africa. New Holland, London, 1988: 1-256. [#book] *MIJBURGH, R. 1984. Waarnemings in die veld. Metamorphosis 1 (4): 5-6. MILLAR, A.D. 1910. Notes on the life-history of the Pseudacraea. Naturalist, Durban 1: 9-17. [Life history of Pseudacraea species]. MILLER & QUICKELBERGE, C.D. 1989. Proceedings of the Seventh Entomological Congress of the Entomological Society of southern Africa: 92. [Orachrysops ariadne]. *MILLER, L.D. 1963. A review of the genus Osmodes Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 89: 277-303. MILLER, L.D. 1964b. African Hesperiidae: notes and descriptions [Lepidoptera]. Bulletin de la Institut Francais d’Afrique Noire (A) 26: 640-647. MILLER, L.D. 1971. Descriptions of new species and notes on other Hesperiidae of Africa. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (2): 1-17. *MILLER, L.D. 1979. Book review. “Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa”, edited by C.G.C. Dickson with D.M. Kroon. Journal of the Lepidopterist’s Society 33 (1): 69-70. *MILLER, L.D. 1980. Obituary. Harry Kendon Clench (1925-1979). Journal of the Lepidopterist’s Society 34 (2): 81-85. *MILLER, L.D. 1983. Book review. “Butterflies of Oman”, by Torben Larsen, 1980. Journal of the Lepidopterist’s Society 37 (1): 69. *MILLER, L.D. 1990. Book review. “The Charaxinae butterflies of Africa”, by Stephen Frank Henning, 1989. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 44 (2): 100-101. MILLER, L.D. 1994. Book reviews. Out of Africa. “The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history”, by Torben Larsen, 1991. “Butterflies of Tanzania”, by Jan Kielland, 1990. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 48 (?): ?. *MILLER, L.D., & COLLINS, S.C. 1997. A review of the genus Gamia Holland, 1896 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae), with the description of a new species. Metamorphosis 8 (4): 147-159. *MILLER, L.D., & MILLER, J.Y. 1997. Gondwanan butterflies: the Africa-South America connection. Metamorphosis Occasional Supplement No.3: 42-51. *MILNE, D.L. & HILL, B.G. 1964. A migration of Belenois aurota F., and Catopsilia florella L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in the Transvaal. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 27 (1): 37-42. MILTON, S.J. 1990. A lycaenid butterfly (Anthene amarah Guerin) selects unseasonal young Acacia shoots for oviposition. South African Journal of Zoology 25 (1): 84-85. MINIG, A. 1972. Description d’un nouveau Charaxes [Lep. Nymphalidae]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 76: 269-270. MINIG, A. 1974. Note sur Charaxes khaldeni Dewitz & Homeyer et Charaxes khaldeni homeyeri Dewitz (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Bulletin Inst. Ford. Afr. Noire 36 (4): 931-933. MINIG, A. 1975a. Etude de Charaxes viola viola A.G. Butler et description d’une nouvelle espece. (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 80 (3-4): 104-111. MINIG, A. 1975b. Revision de la position taxonomique de Charaxes etheocles forme catachrous Staudinger (Lep. Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 75 (3-4): 18-32. MINIG, A. 1975c. Contribution a l’etude des Charaxes du groupe etheocles (Lepid. - Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 75 (Jubilee Volume): 25-35. MINIG, A. 1976a. Étude de la super espèce Charaxes manica Trimen et description de deux espèces nouvelles (Lepidoptera - Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 76 (1-2): 9-14. MINIG, A. 1976b. Polymorphisme, speciation et mimetisme chez les Charaxes du groupe etheocles (Lep: Nymphalidae) [v], 1-205. Ph.D. thesis, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris.

160 MINIG, A. 1978. Etude de Charaxes viola picta V.G.L. van Someren et Jackson et description d’une nouvelle espece (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 82 (5-6): 145-150. MINIG, A., & PLANTROU, J. 1975. Note sur Charaxes kheili Staudinger et Charaxes northcotti W. Rothschild, avec les descriptions des femelles (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 80 (9-10): 275-285. MINIG, A., & PLANTROU, J. 1978. Description d’une espece nouvellement decouverte du genre Charaxes (‘groupe etheocles’) (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 83 (5-6): 141-146. MIQUEL, J.M. 1999. [Protected butterflies (7th part).] Saturnia 8 (13): 16-19. (Papilio grosesmithi and Papilio morondavana in Madagascar). *MITTER, K.T., LARSEN, T.B., DE PRINS, W., DE PRINS, J., COLLINS, S., VANDE WEGHE, G., SAFIAN, S., ZAKHAROV, E.V., HAWTHORNE, D.J., KAWAHARA, A.Y. & REGIER, J.C. 2011. The butterfly subfamily Pseudopontiinae is not monobasic: marked genetic diversity and morphology reveal three new species of Pseudopontia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Systematic Entomology 36 (1): 139-163. Abstract: The Afrotropical butterfly subfamily Pseudopontiinae (Pieridae) was traditionally thought to comprise one species, with two subspecies (Pseudopontia paradoxa paradoxa Felder & Felder and Pseudopontia paradoxa australis Dixey) differing in a single detail of a hindwing vein. The two subspecies also differ in their known geographic distributions (mainly north of versus south of the equator). Unlike most butterflies, Pseudopontia is white with no visible wing or body markings. We now report that males of P. paradoxa australis have an area of ultraviolet-reflecting scales along the anal vein of the forewing, whereas males of P. paradoxa paradoxa and all females do not. A total of 21 individuals of the northern subspecies, which were collected in three localities south of the equator, were found in the collection of the Royal Museum for Central Africa, indicating sympatry of the two traditional subspecies in the Congo River basin. To determine if additional cryptic species might be present, we sequenced three nuclear genes (CAD, DDC and wingless) as well as cytochrome oxidase I (COI ), examined amplified fragment-length polymorphisms, and re-examined wing and genitalic morphology, using recently collected specimens from several regions of Africa. Phylogenetic analyses of the COI sequences and amplified fragment-length polymorphism data concur, and indicate the existence of at least five monophyletic, non- interbreeding populations, with a particularly deep divergence between three populations of P. paradoxa paradoxa and two of P. paradoxa australis. Despite the slow rate of evolution of the nuclear genes studied, individual gene trees and a concatenated three-gene tree demonstrate, with high bootstrap support, clear divergence among the five populations of Pseudopontia. In addition, consistent variations in details of wing vein stalks were found among four of the genetically distinct populations, which supports the hypothesis of multiple species. MKENDA, E. 2000. Preliminary list of butterflies at Klein’s Camp. CCA Ecological Journal 2: 86. [Serengeti National Park, Tanzania]. MITSUHASHI, W. 2011. Review of studies on relationship between the great egg-fly, Hypolimnas bolina and its endosymbiont, Wolbachia. Yadoriga. 2011: 12-18. MOEHLMAN, P.D. & LISEKI, S.D. 2003. A guide to the butterflies of Tarangire National Park and Lake Manyara National Park. Gland: WWF. *MOLLEMAN, F. 2008. Butterflies of Kibale Forest. A picture guide to Ugandan forest butterflies, 80 pp. Tourguide Publications, Box 488, Kampala, Uganda. [#Book] MOLLEMAN, F., ARLET, M.E., & KOP, A. 2006. List of butterfly species found at the northern periphery of the Dja Faunal Reserve in Cameroon. http://entomology.ucdavis.edu/faculty/carey/collection_cameroon MOLLEMAN, F., DING, J., BOGGS, C.L., CAREY, J.R. & ARLET, M.E. 2009. Does dietary restriction reduce life span in male fruit-feeding butterflies? Experimental Gerontology 44 (9): 601-606. [Charaxes, Euphaedra alacris, Euphaedra medon ] * MOLLEMAN, F., DING, J., CAREY, J.R. & WANG, J.L. 2009. Nutrients in fruit increase fertility in wild-caught females of large and long-lived Euphaedra species (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Journal of Insect Physiology 55 (4): 375-383. *MOLLEMAN, F., DING, J., WANG, J.-L., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., CAREY, J.R. & ZWAAN, B.J. 2008. Amino acid sources in the adult diet do not affect life span and fecundity in the fruit-feeding butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Ecological Entomology 33 (4): 429-438. *MOLLEMAN, F., DING, J., WANG, J.-L., ZWAAN, B.J., CAREY, J.R. & BRAKEFIELD,

161 P.M. 2008. Adult diet affects lifespan and reproduction of the fruit-feeding butterfly Charaxes fulvescens. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 129 (1): 54-65. MOLLEMAN, F., GRUNSVEN, R.H.A., LIEFTING, M., ZWAAN, B.J. & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2005. Is male puddling behaviour of tropical butterflies targeted at sodium for nuptial gifts or activity. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 86 (3): 345-361. [Nymphalidae; Kibale Forest, Uganda] MOLLEMAN, F., & HECQ, J. 2005. Host plant records and photographs of immature Euphaedra from Kibale National Park, Uganda (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 105 (3) (Tome I): 423-428. *MOLLEMAN, F., KOP, A., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., DE VRIES, P.J. & ZWAAN, B.J. 2006. Vertical and temporal patterns of biodiversity of fruit-feeding butterflies in a tropical forest in Uganda. Biodiversity and Conservation 15 (1): 107-121. MOLLEMAN, F., KRENN, H.W., VAN ALPHEN, M.E., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., DE VRIES, P.J. & ZWAAN, B.J. 2005. Food intake of fruit-feeding butterflies: evidence for adaptive variation in proboscis morphology. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 86 (3): 333- 343. MOLLEMAN, F. & MIDGLEY, J.J. 2009. [delta] 15N analyses of butterfly wings and bodies suggest minimal nitrogen absorption in carrion and dung puddling butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 41: 14-16. [Uganda, Kibale National Park] MOLLEMAN,F., REMMEL, T. & SAM, K. 2016. Phenology of predation on insects in a tropical forest: Temporal variation in attack rate on dummy caterpillars. Biotropica 48 (2): 229-236. *MOLLEMAN, F. & SAFIAN, S. 2015. Predation on insects on Tiwai, Sierra Leone. Entomologische Berichten 75 (1): 15-21. ABSTRACT: Tiwai is a wooded island in the river Moa near the Gola rainforest in eastern Sierra Leone. A particular feature of the island is the lack of Dorylus driver ants, which are usually major predators in African forests, including of termites. Therefore termites are very abundant and this appears to result in efficient decomposition of dry leaves and perhaps leaves less room for other decomposers. Furthermore, arachnids catch the eye, including ferocious-looking whip spiders. Many butterflies and grasshoppers showed signs of predator attacks, especially also wing damage in the shape of a lizards maul. To gain better insight in predation on butterflies, caterpillars made from moeling clay (dummies) were used. Damage to the dummies suggests a daily predation pressure of 50%. Damage to dummies was mainly caused by ants and wasps, and not by birds. Although it was the dry season, many butterflies appeared to be young, and a good number and variety of caterpillars have been found, including a species for which no caterpillar records existed. In total, eighty-one butterfly species were observed, of the about 450 that may be expected locally. Hopefully, these scarce remnants of West-African forest will be conserved, so that nature lovers and entomologists can continue to benefit from the excellent facilities. *MOLLEMAN, F., VAN ALPHEN, M.E., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., & ZWAAN, B.J. 2005. Preferences and food quality of fruit-feeding butterflies in Kibale Forest, Uganda. Biotropica 37 (4): 657-663. MOLLEMAN, F., WHITAKER, M.R. & CAREY, J.R. 2010. Rating palatability of butterflies by measuring ant feeding behavior. Entomologische Berichten (Amsterdam) 70 (2): 52-62. *MOLLEMAN, F., ZWAAN, B.J., & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2004. The effect of male sodium diet and mating history on female reproduction in the puddling squinting bush brown Bicyclus anynana (Lepidoptera). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 56 (4): 404-411. *MOLLEMAN, F., ZWAAN, B.J., BRAKEFIELD, P.M. & CAREY, J.R. 2007. Extraordinary long life spans in fruit-feeding butterflies can provide window on evolution of life span and aging. Experimental Gerontology 42 (6): 472-482. [Nymphalidae; Kibale Forest, Uganda] MOLLET, J. 1974. Une nouvelle morphe femelle de Charaxes usambarae V.G.L. van Someren et Jackson. (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 79 (7-8): 215-216. MOLLET, J. 1975. Notes sur quelques Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres de l’Est Africain. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 80 (1-2): 32-38. MONARD, A. 1956. Compendium entomologicum angolae – I: VI – Ord. Lepidoptera. Anais da Junta de Investigaco-es do Ultramar 11 (3): 119-128.

162 MONFORT, A. 1987. Distribution et statut des papilionides du Rwanda. Lambillionea 87 (11-12): 145-153. [Checklists of Papilionidae in protected areas in Rwanda; larval host plant records] MONFORT, A. 1989. Distribution des Pieridae dans les zones naturelles du Rwanda (2e partie: les especes a distribution heterogene). Lambillionea 89 (9-12): 125-129. MONFORT, N. 1990. Les communautes de charaxes dans les milieux naturels de Rwanda (premiere partie). Lambillionea 90 (4): 46-58. MONFORT, N. 1992. Les communautes de Charaxes dans les milieux naturels du Rwanda. (Deuxieme partie). Lambillionea 92 (1): 5-20. MONTE-ALEGRE, A., RAKOTOMALALA, Z., LEVEUGLE, M., COULIER, F., & FAURE, E. 2005. Ecological, vertical and elevational distributions of Heteropsis (Lepidoptera, Satyrinae) in the rainforest of Masoala (NE Madagascar). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 43 (3): 214-222. MONTEIRO, A.F., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., & FRENCH, V. 1995. The evolutionary genetics and developmental basis of wing pattern variation in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Evolution 48 (4): 1147-1157. MONTEIRO, A.[F.], BRAKEFIELD, P.M., & FRENCH, V. 1997a. The relationship between eyespot shape and wing shape in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana: a genetic and morphometrical approach. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 10 (5): 787-802. MONTEIRO, A.[F.], BRAKEFIELD, P.M., & FRENCH, V. 1997b. The genetics and development of an eyespot pattern in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana: response to selection for eyespot shape. Genetics 146 (1): 287-294. *MONTEIRO, A., CHEN, B., RAMOS, D.M., OLIVER, J.C., TONG, X., GUO, M., WANG, W-K., FAZZINO, L. & KAMAL, F. 2013. Distal-less regulates eyespot patterns and melanization in Bicyclus butterflies. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution 320B (5): 321-331. Abstract: Butterfly eyespots represent novel complex traits that display substantial diversity in number and size within and across species. Correlative gene expression studies have implicated a large suite of transcription factors, including Distal-less (Dll), Engrailed (En), and Spalt (Sal), in eyespot development in butterflies, but direct evidence testing the function of any of these proteins is still missing. Here we show that the characteristic two-eyespot pattern of wildtype Bicyclus anynana forewings is correlated with dynamic progression of Dll, En, and Sal expression in larval wings from four spots to two spots, whereas no such decline in gene expression ensues in a four-eyespot mutant. We then conduct transgenic experiments testing whether over-expression of any of these genes in a wild-type genetic background is sufficient to induce eyespot differentiation in these pre-patterned wing compartments. We also produce a Dll-RNAi transgenic line to test how Dll down- regulation affects eyespot development. Finally we test how ectopic expression of these genes during the pupal stages of development alters adults color patters. We show that over-expressing Dll in larvae is sufficient to induce the differentiation of additional eyespots and increase the size of eyespots, whereas down-regulating Dll leads to a decrease in eyespot size. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Dll in the early pupal wing led to the appearance of ectopic patches of black scales. We conclude that Dll is a positive regulator of focal differentiation and eyespot signaling and that this gene is also a possible selector gene for scale melanization in butterflies. MONTEIRO, A.[F.], CHEN, B., SCOTT, L.C., VEDDER, L., PRIJS, J., BELICHA- VILLANUEVA, A. & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2007. The combined effect of two mutations that alter serially homologous color pattern elements on the fore and hindwings of a butterfly. BMC Genetics 8 (22): 1-10. [Bicyclus anynana] *MONTEIRO, A.[F.], & PIERCE, N.E. 2001. Phylogeny of Bicyclus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) inferred from COI, COII, and EF-1 [alpha] gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 18 (2): 264-281. MONTY, J. 1970. Notes on a new insect pest in Mauritius: the banana leaf-roller Erionota thrax L. (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Revue Agricole et Sucrière de l’ile Maurice 49: 107–109. *MOORE, F. 1865. List of Diurnal Lepidoptera collected by Capt. A.M. Lang in the N.W. . Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 486-509. *MOORE, F. 1866. On the lepidopterous insects of Bengal. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 755-823. *MOORE, F. 1879. Descriptions of new Asiatic diurnal lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879: 136-144.

163 MOORE, F. [1880-1882]. The Lepidoptera of Ceylon 1: xii, 1-190. London. *MOORE, F. 1883. A monograph of Limnaina and Euploeina, two groups of diurnal lepidoptera belonging to the subfamily Euploeinae; with descriptions of new genera and species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883: 201-324. MOORE, F. 1899-1900. Lepidoptera Indica 4: viii, 1-260. London. MOREAU, E. 1917. Description de deux varietes nouvelles de Papilio (Lep. Papilionidae) provenant du district de Kassai (Congo belge). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1917: 126. *MORGAN-BROWN, T., JACOBSON, S.K., WALD K. & CHILD, B. 2010. Quantitative assessment of a Tanzanian integrated conservation and development project involving butterfly farming. Conservation Biology 24 (2): 563-572. MORISHITA, K. 1979. On Evans’ The identification of Indian butterflies 1932. Rhopalocerists Magazine 2 (6): 9-74. MORISHITA, K. 1980. Anosia [Danaus] chrysippus (Lep. Danaidae). [In Japanese] Rhopalocerists Magazine 3 (12): 2-30. [Systematics] *MORTON, A.[S.] 2014. False Bay Ranger. Babbel Blues Issue 1: 22-23. *MORTON, A.[S.] 2014. A special destination in the Western Cape - Greyton. Babbel Blues Issue 1: 37-38. *MORTON, A.S. 2016. Discovery of a new locality for the Endangered skipper butterfly Kedestes niveostriga schloszi Pringle & Schlosz, 1997. Metamorphosis 27: 15-16. MOSCHLER, H.B. 1884. Beitrage zur Schmetterlings-Fauna des Kaffernlandes. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 33: 267-310. *MOSCHLER, H.B. 1887. Beitrage zur Schmetterlings-Fauna der Goldkuste. Abhandlungen hrsg. von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 15: 49-100. MOSSAKOWSKI, D., & STEINBRECHT, R.A. 1985. Zur Bedeutung der silber- und goldreflektierenden Kutikula bei den Puppen der Danaiden. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie 4 (4-6): 177-179. [Amauris niavius, A. ochlea] MTUI, D. 2007. Biodiversity of Kihansi Gorge. It is more than just a Kihansi spray toad. Miombo 30: 6-7. MULLER, H. 1999. A checklist of butterflies and their larval food plants at Madikwe. CCA Ecological Journal 1: 113-115. [Madikwe Game Reserve, North West Province, South Africa]. *MULLIN, I. 1985. A new Zimbabwean Aloeides. Metamorphosis 1 (14): 4-5. MUNGAI, G.M. 1994. Butterflies trapped in milkweed flowers in Kenya. EANHS Bulletin 24 (2): 28-31. (Belenois creona). MUNROE, E. 1949a. A new genus of Nymphalidae and its affinities (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 57: 67-78. MUNROE, E. 1949b. Some remarks on the orithya group of the genus Junonia (Lep., Nymphalidae). Entomologist 82: 157-158. MUNROE, E. 1955. Karl Jordan the lepidopterist. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 107: 69-75. MUNSHI, G.H., & MECCI, A.K. 1972. Preliminary studies on the biology of Anaphis mesentina (Moore), family Pieridae. Agriculture Pakist. 22 (3): 405-407. [Belenois aurota] *MUNYULI, M.B.T. 2011. Pollinator biodiversity in Uganda and in Sub- Sahara Africa: Landscape and habitat management strategies for its conservation. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 3 (11): 551-609. Abstract: Previous pollinator faunistic surveys conducted in 26 different sites indicated that farmlands of central Uganda supported more than 650 bee species, 330 butterfly species and 57 fly species. Most crop species grown in Uganda are pollinator-dependents. There is also a high dependency of rural communities on pollination services for their livelihoods and incomes. The annual economic value attributable to pollinating services delivered to crop production sector was

164 estimated to be worth of US$0.49 billion for a total economic value of crop production of US$1.16 billion in Uganda. Despite the great contribution of pollinators to crop yields, there is still lack of knowledge of their conservation strategies in Uganda. Policies, actions, farming practices, critical landscape management techniques and conservation measures for spatio-temporal stability and maintenance of pollinator communities in farmlands of Uganda include (i) the protection and maintenance of high cover (>20%) of natural and semi-natural habitats, (ii) forming mosaic farm-landscapes mimicking natural systems to enhance mediated ecosystem services delivery and agroecosystems resilience to climate change, (iii) field plants and habitat manipulation for spatio-temporal provision of floral resources, (iv) promoting awareness campaigns and sensitization policy makers about the importance of conserving pollinators and (v) encouraging farmers to adopt pollinator- friendly farming practices. MUNYULI, [M.B]T. 2011. Assessment of indicator species of butterfly assemblages in coffee- banana farming system in central Uganda. African Journal of Ecology 50: 77-89. MUNYULI, M.B.T. 2012. Butterfly Diversity from farmlands of central Uganda. Psyche (Cambridge): 1-23. Abstract: The aim of this study was to collect information about the diversity of butterfly communities in the mixed coffee-banana mosaic (seminatural, agricultural) landscapes of rural central Uganda. Data were collected for one year (2006) using fruit-bait traps, line transect walk-and-counts, and hand nets. A total of 56,315 individuals belonging to 331 species, 95 genera, and 6 families were sampled. The most abundant species was Bicyclus safitza (14.5%) followed by Acraea acerata (6.3%), Catopsilia florella (6.5%) and Junonia sophia (6.1%). Significant differences in abundance, species richness, and diversity of butterflies occurred between the 26 study sites. Farmland butterflies visited a variety of habitats within and around sites, but important habitats included woodlands, fallows, hedgerows, swampy habitats, abandoned gardens, and home gardens. The highest diversity and abundance of butterflies occurred in sites that contained forest remnants. Thus, forest reserves in the surrounding of fields increased the conservation values of coffee-banana agroforestry systems for butterflies. Their protection from degradation should be a priority for policy makers since they support a species-rich community of butterflies pollinating cultivated plants. Farmers are encouraged to protect and increase on-farm areas covered by complex traditional agroforests, linear, and nonlinear seminatural habitats to provide sufficient breeding sites and nectar resources for butterflies. MURRAY, D.P. 1935. South African butterflies. A monograph of the family Lycaenidae. vi + [ii], 1-195. London. [#book] *MURRAY, D.[P.] 1939. The early stages of Phasis thero Linn. (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 2: 1-3. *MURRAY, D.[P.] 1944. The genus Cupido (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in South Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of southern Africa 7: 82-95. MURRAY, D.P. 1948. The genitalia of some South African lycaenids (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of southern Africa 10: 182-192. MURRAY, D.P. 1956. The species of Lepidochrysops, Euchrysops and Cupidopsis of Southern Africa. The Genitalia (Lepidoptera – Lycaenidae). Annals of the South African Museum 43: 109-121. MURRAY, D.P. 1959. The genitalia and food-plants of the South African Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Durban Museum Novitates 5: 219-227, plates i-iii. *MURRAY, R.P. 1874. Descriptions of some new species belonging to the genus Lycaena. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1874: 523-529. [Leptotes pulchra] *MURTY, A.S., & RAO, N.N. 1976. Note on the chromosomes of ilithyia (Drury) (Nymphalidae). Journal Res. Lepid. 15 (3): 129-131. [PDF file on CD 1] *MYBURGH, A.C. & RUST, D.J. 1975. A survey of the pests of the Proteaceae in the western and southern Cape Province. Journal of the Entomological Society of southern Africa 38 (1): 55-60. *MYBURGH, A.C., RUST, D.J. & STARKE, L.C. 1973. Pests of protea cut-flowers. Journal of the Entomological Society of southern Africa 36 (2): 251-255. NADOLSKI, J. 1986. Contribution to the knowledge of African Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danaidae, Acraeidae and Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 56 (3): 609-622. [Annotated species list for Cameroon and Nigeria] *NAGLE, J. 1984. Letter to the editor [locality records]. Metamorphosis 1 (10): 4. NAHRSTEDT, A., & DAVIS, R.H. 1981. The occurrence of the cyanoglucosides, linamarin and lotaustralin, in Acraea and Heliconius butterflies. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B Comparative Biochemistry 68 (4): 575-577. NAKAGAWA, T. 1990. [Belenois spp., white butterflies migrating in Africa]. Insectarium 27 (11):

165 362-366. NAKAMURA, I. 1979. On the supposed distribution of Euchloe falloui (llard) (Pieridae) in Somaliland: a critical review. Note Divulgative Istituto di Entomologia Agraria della Universita di Napoli 2 (1-2): 45-48. NAKANISHI, A. 1989. Immature stages of Antanartia abyssinica (Felder) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Japanese Journal of Entomology 57 (4): 712-719. *NAMU, F.N., GITHAIGA, J.M., KIOKO, E.N., NDEGWA, P.N., HAUSER, C.L. & KUHNE, L. 2007. The butterfly Hypolimnas salmacis magnifica (Drury, 1773) in Kakamega Forest National Reserve (KFNR), Kenya. Metamorphosis 18 (4): 142-143. NARITA, S. & KAGEYAMA, D. 2009. Wolbachia-induced sex reversal in Lepidoptera. In: BOURTZIS, K. & MILLER, T.A. [EDS]. 2009. Insect Symbiosis. Volume 3. [Contemporary Topics in Entomology Series.], Taylor & Francis: i-xvii, 1-408. Chapter pagination: 295-319. [Wolbachia induced sex reversal in Eurema hecabe] NASEER, O. 2005. A recent sighting of the pomegranate playboy butterfly, Deudorix livia, at Khutwah, Oman (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Tribulus 15 (1): 19. *NAZARI, V., LARSEN, T.B., LEES, D.C., BRATTSTROM, O., BOUYER, T., VAN DE POEL, G. & HEBERT, P.D.N. 2011. Phylogenetic systematics of Colotis and associated genera (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0969.2011.00620.x Abstract: We investigated the genetic diversity and phylogenetic placement of the butterflies in the genus Colotis and eight related pierid genera using sequence information from two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes. To establish the status of species, we initially barcoded 632 specimens representative of all genera and most species and subspecies in those genera. A subset was then selected for phylogenetic analysis where additional gene regions were sequenced: 16S rRNA (523 bp), EF- 1[alpha] (1126 bp) and wg (404 bp). DNA barcode results were largely congruent with the traditional classification of species in the Colotis group, but deep splits or lack of genetic divergence in some cases supported either species- level differentiation or synonymy. Despite using information from four genes, the deeper nodes in our phylogeny were not strongly supported, and monophyly of the 'Colotis group' and the genera Colotis and Eronia could not be established. To preserve the monophyly of Colotis, we revive the genus Teracolus for three outlying species previously in Colotis (i.e. Colotis eris, Colotis subfasciatus and Colotis agoye), as well as the genus Afrodryas for Eronia leda. The position of Calopieris is unresolved although it appears to be well outside the molecular variation in Colotis (s.l.). A dispersal/vicariance analysis suggested that major diversification in Colotis (s.str.) occurred in Africa with subsequent dispersal to India and Madagascar. *NEAVE, S.A. 1903. A new species of Lycaenid from Uganda and Lake Victoria Nyanza. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 39: 136-138. *NEAVE, S.A. 1904. On a large collection of rhopalocera from the shores of the Victoria Nyanza. Novitates Zoologicae 11: 323-363. *NEAVE, S.A. 1910. Zoological collections from Northern Rhodesia and adjacent territories: Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1910: 2-86. *NEAVE, S.A. 1912. A new species of Pseudacraea from Nyasaland. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 48: 228-229. NEEF, G.G. 2014. Comparative Phylogeography of Five Swallowtail Butterfly Species (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in South Africa: Ecological and Taxonomic Implications (Doctoral dissertation, Rhodes University). NEIDHOEFER, J.R. 1968. Descriptions of Madoryx (Sphingidae), Hemeroplanes (Sphingidae), Charaxes (Nymphalidae), and Anaea (Nymphalidae). Occasional Papers. Milwaukee Public Museum No. 1: 1-7. NEIDHOEFER, J.R. 1972. Contributions to the Lepidoptera (2). Descriptions of Hypolimnas (Nymphalidae) and Charaxes (Charaxidinae). Occasional Papers. Milwaukee Public Museum No. 3: 1-9. NEUSTETTER, H. 1912. Neue oder wenig bekannte Cymothoe Arten. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 26: 167-185. NEUSTETTER, H. 1916. Neue und wenig bekannte afrikanische Rhopaloceren. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 30: 95-108.

166 NEUSTETTER, H. 1921. Besprechung wenig bekannter afrikanischer Nymphalidae. Zeitschrift des Osterreichischen Entomologen-Vereins, Wien 6: 27, 34, 41-42, 47-48. NEUSTETTER, H. 1926. Verzeichnis der von Herrn Rudolf Oldenburg in Kamerun gesammelten Schmetterlinge. Zeitschrift des Osterreichischen Entomologen-Vereins, Wien 11: 106-108. NEUSTETTER, H. 1927a. Neue afrikanische Tagfalter. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 21: 7-8, 14-16, 23-24, 32. NEUSTETTER, H. 1927b. Verzeichnis de von Herrn Rudolf Oldenburg in Kamerun versammelten Schmetterlinge. Zeitschrift des Osterreichischen Entomologen-Vereins, Wien 12: 60-62. NEUSTETTER, H. 1928. Eine neue afrikanische Nymphalide. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 21: 445-446. NEUSTETTER, H. 1929a. Neue exotische Tagfalter. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 22: 389-392. NEUSTETTER, H. 1929b. Eine neue Catopsilia von Madagascar. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 23: 336-337. NEUSTETTER, H. 1929c. Eine neue afrikanische Pieriden-Gattung. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 23: 191-192. *NEW, T.R. & SAMWAYS, M.J. 2014. Insect conservation in the southern temperate zones: an overview. Austral Entomology 53(1): 26–31. *NEWPORT, M. 1993. The other end of Africa. Metamorphosis 4 (4): 165-172. [Gambia] *NEWPORT, M. 1996. Book review: A practical guide to butterflies and moths in southern Africa edited by S.E. Woodhall. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 4 (2): 132. NEWRON, R.M., 1972. Another butterfly migration. Bulletin of the East Africa Natural History Society 1972 (July): 122. NICAT, J. 2002a. Nouvelles forme et sous-espece de Charaxes eudoxus Drury 1782. Lambillionea 102 (2): 155-158. NICAT, J. 2002b. Description de la femelle de Charaxes fournierae jolybouyeri Vingerhoedt, 1998 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 7 (supplement): 1-4. NICHO, K. 2011. On Hypolimnas bolina. Yadoriga. 2011: 19-29. [Taxonomic implications of wing marking variation] NICHOLS, G. 1995. How to attract butterflies to your patch of Africa. PlantLife 13: 10-13. NICOLSON, S.W., & MILLAR, R.P. 1983. Effects of biogenic amines and hormones on butterfly malpighian tubules: dopamine stimulates fluid secretion. Journal of Insect Physiology 29 (8): 611-615. [Papilio demodocus] NICULESCU, E.[V.] 1982a. Discussions taxonomiques sur le ‘genre’ Chilasa Moore (Lepidoptera Papilionidae). Revue Vervietoise d’Histoire Naturelle 39 (1-3): 5-9. [Papilio lormieri] *NIEBERDING, C.M., DE VOS, H., SCHNEIDER, M.V., LASSANCE, J.-M., ESTRAMIL, N., ANDERSSON, J., BANG, J., HEDENSTROM, E., LOFSTEDT, C. & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2008. The male sex pheromone of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana: towards an evolutionary analysis. PloS ONE 3 (7): e2751, 1-12. *NIEHAUS, M.J. 2002. My first butterfly collecting trip – Graskop, Mpumalanga, 20 October 2002. Metamorphosis 13 (4): 114-115. NIEPELT, W. 1906. Euphaedra wissmanni nov. spec. Entomologische Zeitschrift. Frankfurt a. M. 20: 25. NIEPELT, W. 1911. Eine neue Kallima. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 25: 124. NIEPELT, W. 1915. Neue formen exotischer Tagfalter. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 58. NIEPELT, W. 1920. Neue Formen exotischer Rhopaloceren. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 14: 17-19. NIEPELT, W. 1924. Neue Formen exotischer Rhopaloceren. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 18: 49-50.

167 NIEPELT, W. 1927. Neue exotischer Rhopaloceren. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 21: 49-53. NIEPELT, W. 1934. Neue exotischer Falter. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 28: 53-56. NIEPELT, W. 1937. Bemerkungen uber einige alte und neue Lepidopteren aus Italienisch- Somaliland. Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstage von Professor Dr. Embrik Strand 3: 556-559. *NIJHOUT, H.F. 2003. Polymorphic mimicry in Papilio dardanus: mosaic dominance, big effects, and origins. Evolution & Development 5 (6): 579-592. *NIJHOUT, H.F. & WRAY, G.A. 1986. Homologies in the colour patterns of the genus Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 28: 387-410. *NOKELAINEN, O., RIPLEY, B.S., VAN BERGEN, E., OSBORNE, C.P. & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2016. Preference for C4 shade grasses increases hatchling performance in the butterfly, Bicyclus safitza. Ecology and Evolution. doi: 10.1002/ece3.2235. *NOSS, A.J. 1998. Butterflies of the Dzanga-Sangha Special Reserve and Dzanga-Ndoki National Park Central African Republic. Metamorphosis 9 (2): 51-62. *NYAFWONO, M., VALTONEN, A., NYEKO, P. & ROININEN, H. 2014. Butterfly community composition across a successional gradient in a human-disturbed Afrotropical rain forest. Biotropica 46 (2): 210-218. *NYAFWONO, M., VALTONEN, A., NYEKO, P. & ROININEN, H. 2014. Fruit-feeding butterfly communities as indicators of forest restoration in an Afro-tropical rainforest. Biological Conservation 174: 75–83. *NYAFWONO, M., VALTONEN, A., NYEKO, P., OWINY, A.A. & ROININEN, H. 2015. Tree community composition and vegetation structure predict butterfly community recovery in a restored Afrotropical rain forest. Biodiversity and Conservation 24 (6): 1473-1485. NYSTROM, V. 1958. Macrolepidoptera from the Cape Verde Islands. Commentationes Biologicae 17 (7): 1-36. OAKLEY, T. 1991. Three butterflies of Taita. Part 1. Papilio nireus. EANHS Bulletin 21 (2): 18- 26. OAKLEY, T. 1997. Three butterflies of Taita. Part 2. Papilio desmondi teita. EANHS Bulletin 27 (2-3): 27-29. OAKLEY, T. 1998. Three butterflies of Taita. Part 3. Cymothoe teita. EANHS Bulletin 28 (1): 5-7. *OBERPRIELER, R.G. 1989. Comment. Metamorphosis 1 (24): 5-6. [Thestor yildizae = Thestor obscurus] *OBERPRIELER, R.G. 1990. What’s in a name? – Another comment. Metamorphosis 1 (25): 20. [Thestor yildizae = Thestor obscurus] *OBERPRIELER, R.G. 1993. On infrasubspecific taxa once again. Metamorphosis 4 (3): 120- 121. OBERPRIELER, R.G. & WILLIAMS, M.C. 1992. Good Scientific Practice. In: Woodhall-SE [Ed.] A Practical Guide to Butterflies and Moths in Southern Africa. Lepidopterists' Society of Southern Africa, Florida Hills, South Africa: 1-223, chapter pagination: 179-181. OBERTHUR, C. 1876. Etude sur la faune des Lepidopteres de l’Algerie. Etudes d’Entomologie 1: 1-74. OBERTHUR, C. 1878. Etude sur la faune des Lepidopteres de la cote orientale d’Afrique. Etudes d’Entomologie 3: 1-48. OBERTHUR, C. 1879. Catalogue raissone des Papilionidae. Etudes d’Entomologie 4: 1-117. OBERTHUR, C. 1880. Spedizione italiana nell’Africa equatoriale. Risultati zoologici. 1. Lepidotteri. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 15: 129-186. OBERTHUR, C. 1883a. [No title]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France (6) 3: 11-13. OBERTHUR, C. 1883b. Spedizione italiana nell’Africa: Risultati zoologici. 1. Lepidotteri.. Parte secunda. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria 18: 709-740. OBERTHUR, C. 1886. [No title]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France (6) 6: 114-115.

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175 Cape (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera, Lycaenidae). Annals of the Natal Museum 20: 377-379. PENNINGTON, K.M. 1970b. A new species of Stygionympha van Son from Namaqualand (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera, Satyrinae). Novos Taxa Entomologicos (80): 1-5. PENNINGTON, K.M. 1971. A new species of Thestor Hubner from the southern Cape. Novos Taxa Entomologicos (95): 1-7. PENROSE, A. 1984. Capys Hewitson (1865), (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), proposed conservation under the plenary powers: a restatement of the case Z.N. (S.) 1748. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 41 (2): 119-121. PENRY, E.H. 1975. Black eagles and other species at Mkushi Mountain, Mkushi District. Bulletin of the Zambian Ornithological Society 7 (1): 15-18. [Cooksonia neavei] *PERISSINOTTO, R., PRINGLE, E.L. & GILIOMEE, J.H. 2011. Southward expansion in beetle and butterfly ranges in South Africa. African Entomology 19 (1): 61-69. Abstract: Comparisons of the historical distribution range of two fruit chafers (Mausoleopsis amabilis and Leucocelis rubra), one longhorn beetle (Phryneta spinator) and five butterflies (Charaxes brutus natalensis, Junonia orithya madagascariensis, Appias sabina phoebe, Mylothris agathina and Coeliades libeon), with their current ranges show that during the last two decades these species have extended southwards by 0.54-5.64° latitude, along distances of some 90-830 km. Although direct anthropogenic activities (e.g. land-use change, soil and plant transport) are partly responsible for these extensions, it is possible that they are also linked to the 0.5°C temperature rise experienced by the region during the same period, as a direct consequence of global warming. PERONI, J.P. 1992. Quelques notes et souvenirs d'un neophyte sur Charaxes matakall Darge. Bulletin de la Societe Sciences Nat No. 75-76: 5. PETERS, W. 1952. A provisional checklist of the butterflies of the ethiopian region 1-201. Feltham, Middx. [#book] *PETERSON, R.D. II 1977. Charaxes species (Nymphalidae) from Enugu, Anambra State, Nigeria. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 31 (4): 276-277. [Checklist] PETTY, R.L., BOPPRE, M., SCHNEIDER, D., & MEINWALD, J. 1977. Identification and localisation of volatile hairpencil components in male Amauris ochlea butterflies (Danaidae). Experientia 33 (10): 1324-1326. PICARD, J. 1949. Sur quelques Hesperiides d’Afrique (Lepidopteres). Revue Francaise d’Entomologie 16: 147-152. PICARD, J. 1950. Hesperiidae du Liberia collectes par P.L. Dekeyser et B. Holas. Bulletin de l’Institut Francais d’Afrique Noire 12: 625-628. PIERRE, J. 1973a. Etude du polymorphisme chez Danaus chrysippus L. (lepidoptere danaide): aires de repartition et categories infraspecifiques en Afrique. Compte r. hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci., Paris (Sér. D) 276: 2685-2687. [Danainae] PIERRE, J. 1973b. Le polymorphisme de Danaus chrysippus L. (lepidoptere danaide). Etude de la variation de surface des especes blancs alairs. Compte r. hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci., Paris (Sér. D) 276: 3147-3150. [Danainae] PIERRE, J. 1973c. Etude d’un cycle mimetique ayant Danaus chrysippus (Linne) (lepidoptere danaide) pour modile et Hypolimnas misippus (Linne) (nymphalide) pour mime. Archives zool. Exp. Gen. 114 (1): 73-96. [Danainae; Nymphalinae] *PIERRE, J. 1974. Variation geographique et mimetisme chez Acraea encedon (Linne) (Lep. Acraeidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 79 (7-8): 169-177. *PIERRE, J. 1975. Variation geographique et polymorphisme chez Acraea pentapolis Ward et Acraea vesperalis Gr. Smith (Lepidoptera Acraeidae). Lambillionea 75 (Jubilee volume): 78-86. *PIERRE, J. 1976a. Polymorphisme et mimétisme chez deux espèces jumelles, Acraea encedon et Acraea encedana (Lep., Acraeidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N.S.) 12 (4): 621-638. [Acraeinae; distribution of A. encedon and A. encedana] *PIERRE, J. 1976b. Un noveau cas d’espèces jumelles chez un papillon mimétique, Acraea encedon (L.) (Lépidoptère Acraeidae). Compte Rendu Hebdomadaire des Séances de l’Academie des Sciences, Paris (Sér. D) 282 (8): 731-734. [Acraeinae]

176 *PIERRE, J. 1976c. Mission entomologique du Musee Royal de l’Afrique Centrale aux Monts Uluguru, Tanzanie. 18. Variations geographiques chez Acraea cepheus L., et description d’un nouvelles sous-espece (Lepidoptera: Acraeidae). Revue de Zoologie Africaine 90 (2): 354- 356. *PIERRE, J. 1978. Polytypisme chez Acraea abdera, espece distincte de Acraea cepheus (Lepidoptera Acraeidae). Lambillionea 78 (3-4): 21-31. *PIERRE, J. 1979a. Description d’une nouvelle espece d’Acraeidae du Ruanda: Acraea turlini, n.sp. (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Revue Francaise d’Entomologie (Nouvelle Serie) 1 (1): 27-29. *PIERRE, J. 1979b. Le complexe ultraspecifique d’Acraea admatha Hewitson, reconnaissance de 6 especes-jumelles, description de nouveaux taxons (Lepidoptera, Acraeidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N.S.) 15 (4): 719-737. *PIERRE, J. 1979c. Contribution a la biogeographique de la region Guineenne: III – Le genre Acraea Fabricius (Lepidoptere). Compte Rendu des Seances de la Societe de Biogeographique 481: 73-79. PIERRE, J. 1980. Variation geographique du polymorphisme et du mimetisme de Danaus chrysippus et d’Hypolimnas misippus (lepidopteres, rhopaloceres) en Afrique et en Asie. Compte Rendu des Seances de la Societe de Biogeographie 55 (486): 179-187. *PIERRE, J. 1981a. Vicariance de deux prospecies Acraea natalica et Acraea pseudegina (Lepid. Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 81 (1-4): 17-22. *PIERRE, J. 1981b. Une nouvelle espece d’Acraea dans le complexe ultra-specifique ‘encedon’. (Lep. Acraeidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 86 (3-4): 79-87. *PIERRE, J. 1981c. Deux especes-jumelles confondues sous le nom Acraea alciope Hewitson, (Lepidoptera Acraeidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N.S.) 17 (3): 349- 357. PIERRE, J. 1984a. Systematique evolutive cladistique et mimetisme chez les lepidopteres du genre Acraea. 138 pp. D.S.c. thesis, University of Paris. PIERRE, J. 1984b. Les premiers etats d’Acraea necoda et le complexe ultraspecifique ‘encedon’ (Lepidoptera; Nymphalidae). Revue francaise d’Entomologie (Nouvelle Serie) 21: 5-27. *PIERRE, J. 1985a. Morphologie des griffes des Acraeinae (lepidopteres nymphalides). Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences Serie III Sciences de la Vie 300 (8): 333-336. PIERRE, J. 1985b. Systematique evolutive et speciation chez les lepidopteres du genre Acraea (Nymphalidae). 1. Introduction et complexes ultraspecifiques. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 21 (1): 5-27. PIERRE, J. 1985c. Systematique evolutive et speciation chez les lepidopteres du genre Acraea (Nymphalidae). 2: especes vicariantes, sous-especes et modalites d’isolement geographique. Annales de la Societe Entomologiqie de France 21 (2): 141-156. PIERRE, J. 1985d. Morphologie comparee de l’appareil genital male des Acraeinae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologiqie de France 21 (4): 381-391. *PIERRE, J. 1985e. Le sphragis chez les Acraeinae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologiqie de France 21 (4): 393-398. *PIERRE, J. 1986. Morphologie comparee de l’appareil genital femelle des Acraeinae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 22 (1): 53-65. PIERRE, J. 1987a. Les Acraea du groupe ‘acrita’: revision, especes nouvelles, phylogenie (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Nouvelle Revue d’Entomologie (N.S.) 4 (1): 5-27. PIERRE, J. 1987b. Les systemes mimetiques centres sur Danaus chrysippus L. (Lepidoptera) et quelques reflexions sur le pseudo-mimetisme. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 111 (3-4): 227-251. PIERRE, J. 1987c. Systematique cladistique chez les Acraea (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N.S.) 23 (1): 11-27.

177 PIERRE, J. 1988. Les Acraea du super-groupe egina: revision et phylogenie (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N.S.) 24 (3): 263-287. PIERRE, J. 1990. Acraea nouveau ou meconnu du super-groupe "neobule" (lepidopteres, nymphalides). Bulletin de la Societe Sciences Nat No. 68: 1-4. PIERRE, J. 1992a. Les Acraeidae des Comores et de Madagascar (lepidopteres rhopaloceres). Entomologiste (Paris) 48 (6): 351-363. PIERRE, J. 1992b. Une nouvelle espece d'Acraea (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 92 (4): 308-310. PIERRE, J. 1992c. Systematique evolutive et cladistique: approche morphologigue, speciation et genation, application chez les Acraea (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 97 (2): 105-118. PIERRE, J. 1993. Acraea kaduna nouvelle espece du groupe anacreon, au Nigeria (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 98 (3): 287-290. PIERRE, J. 1995. Les Acraea du groupe "braesia": revision, espece nouvelle et phylogenie (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 100 (3): 307- 314. PIERRE, J. 2000. Acraea peetersi Pierre, 1992, description du male et position phyletique (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 100 (4) (Supplement): 22-24. PIERRE, J. 2004a. Un nouvel Acraea centrafricain, A. (A.) atatis n. sp. (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 109 (1): 73-76. [Acraea atatis sp. n.; Central African Republic] PIERRE, J. 2004b. Le commerce des papillions et des autres insectes. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 129 (1-2): 59-66. [Trade in butterflies and other insects]. PIERRE, J. 2004c. La systematique cladistique des Acraea (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Bulletin des Lepidopteristes Parisiens 13 (27): 27-28. PIERRE, J. 2006. Acraea lyci, nouvelle espece de Tanzanie (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 111 (4): 544. PIERRE, J. 2009a. Butterflies of the World, supplement 16. Les Acraeinae Fabricius, 1807 de l’Ancien Monde (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Le genre Acraea Fabricius, 1807 sous-genre Actinote. Goecke & Evers, Keltern: 1-19. PIERRE, J. 2009b. Complement a la faune des Acraea du Ghana (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 109 (3) (Tome 1): 245-249. [Acraea leucographa jolyi ssp. n., Ghana] PIERRE, J. 2015. La faune des Acraea du Malawi (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 120 (1): 103-108. PIERRE, J., & AMIET, J.L. 2007. Acraea (Actinote) rupicola Schultze, 1912, bona species, revision et premiers etats (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 112 (1): 63-72. *PIERRE, J., & BERNAUD, D. 1995. Premiers etats d'Acraea orestia (Hewitson) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 95 (3) (Tome II): 432-434. PIERRE, J., & BERNAUD, D. 1997a. [Acraea terpsichore (Linne), nomenclatural problems and biological data (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae).] Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 102 (5): 405-412. *PIERRE, J., & BERNAUD, D. 1997b. [First stages of Acraea pharsalus (Ward) (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae).] Lambillionea 97 (2) (Tome II): 259-263. *PIERRE, J., & BERNAUD, D. 1999a. Révision d’Acraea parrhasia (Fabricius, 1793) et d’A. servona (Godart, 1819); premiers états. (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 99 (4): 589-596. *PIERRE, J., & BERNAUD, D. 1999b. Révision de la super-espece Acraea (pentapolis): A. (p.) polis n. sp., et premiers états de A. (pentapolis) and A. vesperalis (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 104 (1): 5-14.

178 *PIERRE, J., & BERNAUD, D. 1999c. Acraea serena (Fabricius, 1775) (A. eponina Cramer, 1780), probleme de nomenclature et premiers etats (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae).] Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 104 (4): 357-364. *PIERRE, J., & BERNAUD, D. 2002a. Acraea du Zimbabwe; A. burni Butler, 1896, revision et premier etats (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 107 (5): 509-514. *PIERRE, J., & BERNAUD, D. 2002b. Premiers états d’Acraea rahira Boisduval (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 102 (3): 245-250. *PIERRE, J., & BERNAUD, D. 2003a. Acraea johnstoni Godman, 1885, revision et premiers etats (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 108 (2): 167-175. *PIERRE, J., & BERNAUD, D. 2003b. Acraea lycoa Godart, 1819, revision et premiers etats (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 108 (4): 419- 425. PIERRE, J., & BERNAUD, D. 2004. Les Acraea du Malawi: A. boopis choloui Pierre, 1979, premiers etats (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 109 (5): 485-488. *PIERRE, J., & BERNAUD, D. 2007. Acraea cabira, A. sotikensis et especes Voisines, revision et premiers etats (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 107 (1 bis): 1-14 (Supplement II). *PIERRE, J., & BERNAUD, D. 2008a. Phylogenie des Acraea du groupe ‘epaea’ (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 113 (2): 137-148. *PIERRE, J., & BERNAUD, D. 2008b. Acraea epaea (Cramer, 1779), premiers etats et revision du complexe “epaea” (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 108 (4) (Tome I): 403-416. PIERRE, J. & BERNAUD, D. 2009. Butterflies of the World. Part 31: Nymphalidae XVI: Acraea subgenus Actinote. Goecke & Evers, Keltern: 1-5. PIERRE, J. & BERNAUD, D. 2012. Revision des Acraea (Acraea) du groupe ‘epaea’ (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 117 (1): 7-36. ABSTRACT: Revision of the Acraea (Acraea) of “epaea” group (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). The 30 species of the Acraea (Acraea) of the “epaea” group (ex-Bematistes) are carefully revised on the basis of comparative morphological study completed by the analysis of DNA barcodes. A subspecies is raised as bona species an overlooked species is revealed and three new species are described. PIERRE, J. & BERNAUD, D. 2013. Butterflies of the World. Part 39: Acraea subgenus Acraea. Goecke & Evers, Keltern. [book] PIERRE, J. & BERNAUD, D. 2014. Le genre Acraea Fabricius, 1807: Liste systématique, synonymique et liste des noms infrasubspécifiques. In: Bauer, E. & Frankenbach, T. (Eds.) Butterflies of the World, Supplement 24, pp. 30. *PIERRE, J., & BERNAUD, D., & OREMANS, P. 2002. Les Acraea de Sao Tome (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 107 (3): 285-294. [A. newtoni, A. insularis, A. jodutta, A. niobe, A. zetes annobona] *PIERRE, J., JOLY, C., & BERNAUD, D. 2003. Les Acraea du Ghana (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 103 (2): 297-302. [Checklist and notes for Acraea of Ghana] PIERRE, J., LIBERT, M., NGUYEN, T.H. & VUATTOUX, R. 1995. Le genre afrotropical Catuna Kirby (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 100 (4): 421-430. *PIERRE, J., & VUATTOUX, R. 1978. Les Acraea de Côte d’Ivoire (Lep. Acraeidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 83 (1-2): 3-22. PIERRE-BALTUS, C. 1978. Resultats d’elevages de Neptis a facies ‘melicerta’ en Côte d’Ivoire; description de trois nouvelles especes (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 78 (5-6): 33-44. PIERRE-BALTUS, C. 2003. Un nouveau Neptis africain (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 108 (5): 440. [Neptis vingerhoedti, Democratic Republic

179 of Congo] PIERRE-BALTUS, C., & AMIET, J.L. 1999. Premiers etats et caracteres distinctifs de Neptis mixophyes Holland, 1892 et N. nicobule Holland, 1892 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 104 (1): 59-66. PIERRE-BALTUS, C., & PIERRE, J. 1998. Neptis liberti, nouvelle espece afrotropicale (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe francais d’Entomologie 103: 447-450. [Cameroon, Gabon] PIERRE-BALTUS, C., & PIERRE, J. 2000. Description et premiere etats d’un nouveau Neptis Afrotropical (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Revue Francaise d’Entomologie (Nouvelle Serie) 22 (4): 245-248. PIERRE-BALTUS, C. & PIERRE, J. 2007. Les Neptis africains a facies nysiades: apport des elevages dans la taxonomie de ce groupe (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 112 (4): 515-528. PIERRET, M. 1837. Description de trois nouvelles especes de Lepidopteres. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 6: 19-23. PIERRON, M. 1990. Contribution a la connaissance de la biologie de Papilio machaon saharae Obth. Differences avec Papilio machaon machaon L. et hybridations experimentales (Lep. Papilionidae). Alexanor 16 (6): 331-340. PIJPE, J., BRAKEFIELD, P.M. & ZWAAN, B.J. 2007. Phenotypic plasticity of starvation resistance in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Evolutionary Ecology 21 (5): 589-600. PIJPE, J., BRAKEFIELD, P.M. & ZWAAN, B.J. 2008. Increased life span in a polyphenic butterfly artificially selected for starvation resistance. American Naturalist 171 (1): 81-90. [Bicyclus anynana] PINHEY, E.C.G. 1945. Three new species of Cupido from Inyanga, Southern Rhodesia. Proceedings and Transactions of the Rhodesia Scientific Association 40: 61-70. [Lepidochrysops] PINHEY, E.C.G. 1949a. Records of Southern Rhodesia butterflies. (Rhopalocera) (Collected up to March 1948). Occasional Papers of the National Museum of Southern Rhodesia 2 (No. 15): 276-341. PINHEY, E.C.G. 1949b. Butterflies of Rhodesia with a short introduction to the insect world [iv] + vi + 1-208. Rhodesia Scientific Association, Salisbury. [#book] PINHEY, E.C.G. 1952. Notes on Odonata and Lepidoptera made on a collecting trip in Uganda with descriptions of two new Arctiidae (Lep.) from Tanganyika and Kenya. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 88: 169-176. PINHEY, E.C.G. 1956a. Some new species of Lepidoptera from eastern Africa. Occasional Papers. Coryndon Memorial Museum (4): 10-16. PINHEY, E.C.G. 1956b. Some new Lepidoptera of East Africa. Occasional Papers of the National Museums of Southern Rhodesia 3: 78-82. PINHEY, E.C.G. 1962. New or little known Lepidoptera from Central Africa. Occasional Papers of the National Museums of Southern Rhodesia 3: 871-891. PINHEY, E.C.G. 1965. Butterflies of Southern Africa xii + 1-240. Johannesburg. [#book] *PINHEY, E.[C.G.] 1968a. An entomologist in N’gamiland. Botswana Notes and Records 1: 31- 41. *PINHEY, E.C.G. 1968b. Check list of the butterflies [Lepidoptera – Rhopalocera] of Botswana. Botswana Notes and Records 1: 85-92. *PINHEY, E.C.G. 1968c. Some new African Lepidoptera. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 25 (9): 153-176 [gynandromorph of Hypolimnas misippus] PINHEY, E.C.G. 1969. A new race of Iolaus (Hemiolaus) coeculus [caeculus] (Hopffer). Arnoldia, (Rhodesia) 4 (8): 1-4. PINHEY, E.[C.G.] 1970. An analytical study of some varietal forms in Acraea Fabricius

180 (Lepidoptera). Arnoldia, Rhodesia 4 (39): 1-9. *PINHEY, E.C.G. 1971. Check list of the butterflies [Lepidoptera – Rhopalocera] of Botswana. Botswana Notes and Records 34: 148-152. PINHEY, E.[C.G.] 1972a. A new species of Dixeia Talbot (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Arnoldia (Rhodesia) 5 (25): 1-5. PINHEY, E.[C.G.] 1972b. Acraea hypoleuca Trimen and notes on related species (Lepidoptera: Acraeidae). Arnoldia (Rhodesia) 5 (22): 1-5. [Description of female] *PINHEY, E.C.G. 1974. Check list of the butterflies [Lepidoptera – Rhopalocera] of Botswana. Botswana Notes and Records 6: 197-214. PINHEY, E.C.G. 1975. The status of a taxon in the Acraea nohara Boisduval group (Lepidoptera: Acraeidae). Arnoldia, Rhodesia 7 (30): 1-3. *PINHEY, E.C.G. 1976a. Check list of the butterflies [Lepidoptera – Rhopalocera] of Botswana. Botswana Notes and Records 8: 269-288. PINHEY, E.C.G. 1976b. Butterflies of Chirinda Forest. Rhodesia Science News 10 (2): 53-54. [Zimbabwe] PINHEY, E.(C.G.) 1976c. Entomofauna from Cabora Bassa. Results of the Entomological Brigade of the IICM. 3. Lepidoptera. Garcia de Orta (Zool.) 5 (2): 25-63. PINHEY, E.C.G. 1977. Robert H. Carcasson (1918- ). Rhodesia Science News 11: 343. PINHEY, E.C.G. 1978. Lepidoptera. In: WERGER, M.G.A. Biogeography and ecology of southern Africa: 763-773. The Hague. PINHEY, E.C.G., & LOE, I.D. 1977. A guide to the butterflies of central and southern Africa 1- 106. Eastleigh. [#book] *PIRIH, P., WILTS, B.D. & STAVENGA, D.G. 2011. Spatial reflection patterns of iridescent wings of male pierid butterflies: curved scales reflect at a wider angle than flat scales. Journal of Comparative Physiology A Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology. 197 (10): 987-997. Abstract: The males of many pierid butterflies have iridescent wings, which presumably function in intraspecific communication. The iridescence is due to nanostructured ridges of the cover scales. We have studied the iridescence in the males of a few members of Coliadinae, Gonepteryx aspasia, G. cleopatra, G. rhamni, and Colias croceus, and in two members of the Colotis group, and Colotis regina. Imaging scatterometry demonstrated that the pigmentary colouration is diffuse whereas the structural colouration creates a directional, line-shaped far-field radiation pattern. Angle-dependent reflectance measurements demonstrated that the directional iridescence distinctly varies among closely related species. The species-dependent scale curvature determines the spatial properties of the wing iridescence. Narrow beam illumination of flat scales results in a narrow far-field iridescence pattern, but curved scales produce broadened patterns. The restricted spatial visibility of iridescence presumably plays a role in intraspecific signalling. PISICA, C. 1972. Lepidopteres de la Republique de Guinee, Afrique. Analele Stuntifice ale Universitatii ‘Al. I. Cuza din Iasa (serie noua), sectiunea II, a. Biologie 18 (2): 441-447. [Guinea, collection, additional record] PITMAN, C.R.S. 1928. The area of the West Nile provinces of Uganda from which start the great southward migrations of Belnois mesentina Cram. in Uganda and Kenya. Proceedings of the Entomological Society, London 1928: 45-46. [Belenois aurota] PITTAWAY, A.R. 1979a. The butterflies and hawk-moths of eastern Saudi Arabia. Proceedings and Transactions of the British Entomological and Natural History Society 12 (3-4): 90-101. PITTAWAY, A.R. 1979b. Arabian novelty. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society 38 (324): 126-128. [Papilio machaon] PITTAWAY, A.R. 1981. Further notes on the butterflies and hawkmoths (Lepidoptera) of eastern Saudi Arabia. Entomologist’s Gazette 32 (1): 27-35. PITTAWAY, A.R. 1986. Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera of western Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 172-197. PITTAWAY, A.R., LARSEN, T.B., CLARKE, C.A., SMITH, C.R., CRNJAR, R., & CLARKE, F.M.M. 1994. Papilio saharae Oberthur, 1879, specifically distinct from Papilio machaon

181 Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Entomologist's Gazette 45 (4): 223-249. PITTAWAY, A.R., LARSEN, T.B., LEGRAIN, A., MAJER, J., WEIDENHOFFER, Z., & GILLET, M. 2006. The establishment of an American butterfly in the Arabian Gulf: Brephidium exilis (Boisduval, 1852) (Lycaenidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 29 (1-2): 5-16. PLANTROU, J. 1967. Description d’un nouveau Charaxes (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 72: 66-68. PLANTROU, J. 1973. Note sur les Charaxes de l’Afrique occidentale, 1 (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 78 (7-8): 268-276. PLANTROU, J. 1974. Note sur les Charaxes de l’Afrique occidentale, 2 (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 79 (5-6): 125-131. PLANTROU, J. 1975. Note sur Charaxes xiphares Cramer (lepidoptere - Nymphalidae) avec la description d’une nouvelle sous-espece du Zaire. Lambillionea 75 (Jubilee Volume): 102- 105. PLANTROU, J. 1976a. Note sur d’utilisation des pieges pour la chasse aux papillons. Bulletin Soc. Lépid. fr. 1 (1): 47-54. PLANTROU, J. 1976b. Note sur Charaxes jahlusa [Trimen] et description d’une nouvelle sous- espèce Charaxes jahlusa rwandensis nova subsp. Bulletin de la Societe des Lépidopteres Francais 1 (1): 60-63. [Rwanda] PLANTROU, J. 1976c. Notes on Charaxes xiphares Cramer (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and a description of a new subspecies. Proceedings and Transactions of the British Entomological and Natural History Society 9 (3-4): 94-97. [Charaxes xiphares kiellandi, Tanzania] PLANTROU, J. 1976d. Notes sur les Charaxes de l’Afrique occidentale, 3. (Lep., Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 81 (3-4): 126-132. PLANTROU, J. 1976e. Nouvelle note sur Charaxes xiphares Cramer (Lepidoptera – Nymphalidae) avec la description d’une nouvelle sous-espece du Zaire. Lambillionea 76 (7-8): 64-66. PLANTROU, J. 1977. Cymothoe aubergeri n. sp., de Côte d’Ivoire. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 82 (182): 54-56. PLANTROU, J. 1978a. Note sur les Charaxes du groupe ‘porthos-zelica’ et nouvelle revision de la taxonomie du groupe (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N.S.) 14 (3): 515-533. PLANTROU, J. 1978b. Description d’une espece du genre Charaxes nouvellement decouverte au Nigeria (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Lepidopteristes Francais 1: 187-194. PLANTROU, J. 1979. Note sur Charaxes smaragdalis Butler et remarques sur le statut de ses populations d’Afrique centrale. Lambillionea 79 (5-6): 34-45. PLANTROU, J. 1980a. Description d’une sous-espece de Charaxes eudoxus Drury nouvellement decouverte au Nigeria (Lep. Nymphalidae). Sciences Naturelles (26): 11-13. PLANTROU, J. 1980b. Un nouveau cas de polymorphisme des femelles dans le genre Charaxes: Charaxes hildebrandti Dewitz (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 85 (5-6): 173-175. PLANTROU, J. 1981. Description d’une sous-espece de Charaxes xiphares (Cramer) recemment decouverte en Tanzanie et revision de la liste systematique de l’espece. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 86 (5-6): 159-166. PLANTROU, J. 1982. Description de 9 sous-especes du genre Charaxes recemment decouvertes en Afrique (Lep. Nymphalidae). Miscellanea Entomologica 49: 101-115. PLANTROU, J. 1983. Systematique biogeographique et evolution des Charaxes Africains (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Publications du Laboratoire de Zoologie, Ecole Normale Superieure (25): 1-456. PLANTROU, J., & BLANDIN, P. 1987. Les peuplements de Charaxes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) des iles Africaines: composition, origine et evolution. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 112 (1-2): 127-142.

182 PLANTROU, J., & HOWARTH, T.G. 1977. Notes on Charaxes eudoxus Drury (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and a description of a new subspecies. Proceedings and Transactions of the British Entomological and Natural History Society 10 (1-2): 22-26. [C. eudoxus mitchelli, Zambia] PLANTROU, J., & ROUGEOT, P.C. 1979. Mission P.-C. Rougeot en Ethiopie, I et II – 1978. Charaxes inedits du Sud ethiopien. (Lep., Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 84 (5-6): 138-142. PLATT, E.E. 1921. List of foodplants of some South African lepidopterous larvae. South African Journal of Natural History 3: 65-138. *PLOTZ, C. 1870. Pseudopontia Calabarica n.ge. et n.sp. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 31: 348-349. *PLOTZ, C. 1879a. Hesperiina Herr. Sch. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 40: 175-180. *PLOTZ, C. 1879b. Verzeichniss der vom verstorbenen Prof. Dr. R. Buchholz in West-Afrika – Meerbusen van Guinea – gesammelten Hesperien. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 40: 353- 364. PLOTZ, C. 1880a. Verzeichniss der vom Professor Dr. R. Buchholz in West-Afrika – vom 5.Gr. nordl. Bis. 3.Gr. sudl, Breite, auf dem Cameroons-Gebirge in unge fahrer hohe von 4000 Fuss und auf der Insel Fernando-Po, vom August 1872 bis November 1875 – gesammelten Schmetterlinge. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 41: 189-206. *PLOTZ, C. 1880b. Verzeichniss der vom Prof. Dr. R. Buchholz in West-Africa gesammelten Schmetterlinge. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 41: 298-307. PLOTZ, C. 1880c. Bemerkungen zum Verzeichniss der vom Professor Buchholz in West Afrika gesammelten Schmetterlinge. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 41: 477-478. *PLOTZ, C. 1882. Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Hesperia Aut. und ihre Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 43: 314-344, 436-456. PLOTZ, C. 1883. Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Hesperia Aut. und ihre Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 44: 26-64, 195-233. PLOTZ, C. 1884a. Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Ismene Sw. und ihre Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 45: 51-66. *PLOTZ, C. 1884b. Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Plastingia Butl. und ihre Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 45: 145-150. *PLOTZ, C. 1884c. Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Apaustus Hub. und ihre Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 45: 51-66. *PLOTZ, C. 1884d. Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Thymelicus Hub. und ihre Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 31: 284-290. *PLOTZ, C. 1884e. Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Telesto Bsd. und ihre Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 45: 376-384. *PLOTZ, C. 1884f. Die Gattung Cyclopides Hub. und ihre Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 45: 389-397. PLOTZ, C. 1884g. Die Hesperiinen-Gruppe ser Achlyodes. Jahrbuch des Nassauischen Vereins fur Naturkunde 37: 1-55. PLOTZ, C. 1884h. Analytische Tabellen der Hesperiinen-Gattungen Pyrgus und Carcharodus. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins von Neu-Vorpommern und Rugen in (Greifswald) Berlin 1884: 1-24. *PLOTZ, C. 1885. Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Sapaea Pl. und ihre Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 46: 35-36. *PLOTZ, C. 1886. Nachtrag und Berichtigungen zu den Hesperiinen. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 47: 83-117. *PLOWES, A.G. 1996. Cote d'Ivoire adventure. Metamorphosis 7 (1): 27-33. *PLOWES, R. 2002. Another record of Iolaus poultoni from eastern Zimbabwe. Metamorphosis

183 13 (2): 68-70. PLUMB, W.J., & CLIFTON, M.P. 1978. Some observations on a large passage of the brown- veined white Anaphaeosis aurota. East African Natural History Society Bulletin 1978: 76- 78. [Belenois aurota; migration] *PLUMPTRE, A.J., DAVENPORT, T.R.B., BEHANYANA, M., KITYO, R., EILU, G., SSEGAWA, P., EWANGO, C., MEIRTE, D., KAHINDO, C., HERREMANS, M., KERBIS-PETERHANS, J., PILGRIM, J.D., WILSON, M., LANGUY, M. & MOYER, D. 2007. The biodiversity of the Albertine Rift. Biological Conservation 134 (2): 178-194. POLAK, S., & VEROVNIK, R. 1998. A contribution to the knowledge of the butterfly fauna of Dhofar- Sultanate of Oman (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Acta Entomologica Slovenica 6 (1): 55-65. POLAK, S., & VEROVNIK, R. 2009. Second contribution to the knowledge of the butterfly fauna of the Sultanate of Oman (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Acta Entomologica Slovenica 17 (1): 37-44. [Colotis liagore; new record] POMEROY, A.W.J. 1924. Observations on some the insects etc., on ant trees; and on lycaenid life- histories, at Ibadan, S. Nigeria. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1924: 73-79. POMEROY, C.A. [Ed.] 1980. Report on the RAFOS Masirah Island Expedition. 22nd October-26th November 1979. Royal Air Force Ornithological Society, RAF Masirah, BFPO65: 92 pp. [Danaus chrysippus, Vanessa cardui; Oman] POTGIETER, C.J., EDWARDS, T.J., MILLER, R.M., & VAN STADEN, J. 1999. Pollination of seven Plectranthus spp. (Lamiaceae) in southern Natal, South Africa. Plant Systematics and Evolution 218 (1-2): 99-112. *POULTON, E.B. 1906. Mimetic forms of Papilio dardanus (merope) and Acraea johnstoni. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1906: 281-311. *POULTON, E.B. 1908. Description of two mimetic forms of the female of Acraea alicia E.M. Sharpe. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1908: 529-533. POULTON, E.B. 1909. Charles Darwin and the origin of species. Longmans, London. [Publishes the correspondence between Darwin and Roland Trimen – pp. 213-246.] *POULTON, E.B. 1910. Hypolimnas misippus, Linn., taken in the Atlantic Ocean. Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation 12: 80-81, 315-316. *POULTON, E.B. 1911. The attacks of tachinid flies upon the African danaine genus Amauris. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1911: xcix. *POULTON, E.B. 1911. Some ant-tended lycaenid larvae observed by Mr W.A. Lamborn in the Lagos district. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1911: xcix-cvi. [Myrina Silenus, , Oboronia punctate, Anthene larydas, Anthene Sylvanus, Spalgis lemolea ] *POULTON, E.B. 1912. Determination of the coccid food of the larva of Spalgis lemolea. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1911: xviii. POULTON, E.B. 1912a. Family containing a new female form leighi, bred from a trophonius, Westw., female of Papilio dardanus cenea Stoll, from Pinetown, Natal. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 33-42. POULTON, E.B. 1912b. Monkeys eating butterflies (quoting a letter from Captain H.V. Neal). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London 1912: 17-18. POULTON, E.B. 1912c. Letter from Professor Poulton. The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods 9 (11): 299-301. [Deals with mimicry in Amauris and Hypolimnas] POULTON, [E.B.] 1913. On the life-history of Pseudacraea eurytus hobleyi Neave. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 114-118. *POULTON, E.B. 1914 [1913]. The genus Euliphyra Holland. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 1914: 504-506. POULTON, E.B. 1914b. W.A. Lamborn’s breeding experiments upon Acraea encedon (Linn.) in

184 the Lagos district of West Africa, 1910-12. Journal of the Linnean Society London 32: 391- 416. *POULTON, E.B. 1917. Mr C.O. Farquharson’s investigations into the life-histories of S. Nigerian Lycaenidae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1917: lxi-lxii. [Poritiinae, Lachnocnema, Iolaus, Pilodudorix, Lepidochrysops] *POULTON, E.B. 1918. S. Nigerian Lycaeninae bred from larvae feeding on a single species of Loranthus. Catochrysops phasma, not parsimon, proved to be myrmecophilous. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1918: lxxix. POULTON, E.B. 1918. A new form of Pseudacraea poggei, Dew., mimicking the dorippus, Klug, form of Danaida chrysippus, L., in ex-German East Africa. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1918: 5-22. POULTON, E.B. 1919. New mimetic female forms of Charaxes ethalion, Boisd., and etheocles, Cr., and bred male-like females of the latter. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1918: 79-84. *POULTON, E.B. 1922a. The polymorphic females of Cymothoe theobene Dbl.-Hew. The specimens captured, and families bred from known female parents by W.A. Lamborn. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1921: 469-472. POULTON, E.B. 1922b. A form of Heodes phlaeas L., in S.W. Uganda. [exhibit]. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1921: 81-86. POULTON, E.B. 1923. A remarkable male of Papilio dardanus Brown. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1923: 57-58. POULTON, E.B. 1924a. A new race of Amauris lobengula E.M. Sh., from S.E. of Lake Rudolf, flying with a corresponding F. of Papilio dardanus Brown. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1924: 25-29. POULTON, E.B. 1924b. The likeness to the male Acraea althoffi althoffi Dew. closer in the female than the male of the Uganda f. mimetica dolabella Hall of Pseudacraea dolomena albostriata Lathy. Complexity of the association to which these species belong. Evidence of the attacks of enemies. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1924: 140-145. POULTON, E.B. 1924c. Papilio dardanus. The most interesting butterfly in the world. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society 20: 4-22. POULTON, E.B. 1926a. Interesting new races of Papilios from S.W. Abyssinia and Somaliland. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1925: 42-52. POULTON, E.B. 1926b. The tailed mimetic female of Papilio dardanus hodsoni, Poult., taken in S.W. Abyssinia by Mr. Arnold Hodson. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1: 6-7. POULTON, E.B. 1926c. Breeding experiments on Charaxes etheocles at Jinja, Uganda, by Dr Robert van Someren, and on other di- and polymorphic butterflies at Nairobi, Kenya Colony, by Dr. V.G.L. van Someren. III. Internationaler Entomologen-Kongress 2: 507-517. POULTON, E.B. 1926d. Mimicry in African butterflies of the genus Charaxes, with a classification of the species. III. Internationaler Entomologen-Kongress 2: 518-575. POULTON, E.B. 1927a. Sex-ratios and form-ratios in eight families of Acraea esebria Hew., bred by Dr. V.G.L. van Someren at Nairobi, Kenya Colony. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 2: 5-10. POULTON, E.B. 1927b. A new tailed female form of Papilio dardanus hodsoni, Poult., taken by Mr. Arnold Hodson in W. Abyssinia. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 2: 10-11. POULTON, E.B. 1927c. A new Planema (Acraeinae) entering the Uganda association with Pl. macarista E.M. Sh., as its central model. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 2: 36-37. POULTON, E.B. 1928. An all-female family of Mylothris spica, Moschl. Reared by Miss M.E.

185 Fountaine from a company of larvae at Buea (about 3000 ft.) in the Cameroons. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London Series A 2: 75. POULTON, E.B. 1933. The geographical races of Charaxes ansorgei, Roths. (Lep. Nymphalidae). Stylops 2: 12-16. POULTON, E.B. 1935. Frederick Augustus Dixey. 1855-1935. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 1 (4): 465-474. POURQUIER, J. 1976a. Notes sur Salamis augutina Boisduval. Info-Nature No. 14: 17-27. POURQUIER, J. 1976b. Contribution a la connaissance d’Antanartia borbonica borbonica Oberthur lepidoptere nymphalide de la Reunion. Info-Nature No. 14: 29-38. PRANGLEY, M., BARNETT, A.A., & DIALLO, C.O. 1994. A note on a dry season collection of Lepidoptera from south western Guinea, West Africa. Journal of African Zoology 108 (6): 565-568. PRENDERGAST, H.D.V. 1983. Competition for nectar between sunbirds and butterflies. Malimbus 5 (1): 51-53. [Ivory Coast] PRESTON-MAFHAM, K. 1991. Madagascar: a Natural History. Facts on File, Inc., New York. 224 pp. [includes notes on Pharmacophagus antenor] PRESTON-MAFHAM, R., & PRESTON-MAFHAM, K. 1988. Butterflies of the world. Blandford Press, United Kingdom. *PRICE, B.W., VILLET, M.H., WALTON, S.M. & BARKER, N.P. 2011. Using molecules and morphology to infer the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the Dirini (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), a tribe of butterflies endemic to Southern Africa. Systematic Entomology 36 (2): 300-316. PRING, R.W., & ROCHE, P. 1952. The butterflies of Nigeria. VI. Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae: Cymothoe. Nigerian Field 17: 53-66. *PRINGLE, E.L. 1983a. A new lycaenid butterfly from Lesotho, of the genus Aloeides Huebner. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 95 (9-10): 173-174. *PRINGLE, E.L. 1983b. Some notes concerning the high mountain satyrids (Pseudonympha spp.) of Lesotho. Metamorphosis 1 (2): 1-3. *PRINGLE, E.L. 1983c. Further observations concerning the Satyridae of Lesotho. Metamorphosis 1 (3): 4-5. *PRINGLE, E.L. 1984a. A new species of Lepidochrysops from the eastern Cape, South Africa. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 96 (7-8): 137-140. [L. victori, L. ketsi, L. loewensteini] *PRINGLE, E.L. 1984b. The effects of drought on some South African butterflies. Metamorphosis 1 (9): 4-6. *PRINGLE, E. [L.] 1985. Annotated check-list of butterflies for the Bedford District, Eastern Cape Province. Metamorphosis 1 (11): 3-9. *PRINGLE, E.L. 1987. Two new lycaenid butterflies from the eastern Cape Province. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 99 (1-2): 1-6. [Lepidochrysops poseidon] *PRINGLE, E.L. 1989. What’s in a name? Metamorphosis 1 (24): 4-5. (Nomenclature – Thestor obscurus, Thestor yildizae.) *PRINGLE, E.L. 1992. A hunt in the western Cape. Metamorphosis 3 (2): 55-57. *PRINGLE, E.L. 1994a. Four new Lycaenidae from the Cape Province, South Africa. Metamorphosis 5 (3): 107-114. *PRINGLE, E.L. 1994b. A description of a new subspecies of Aloeides pallida Riley. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 185. *PRINGLE, E.L. 1994c. A new species of Aloeides Hübner. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 188-189. *PRINGLE, E.L. 1994d. The description of a new subspecies of Aloeides carolynnae Dickson. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 197.

186 *PRINGLE, E.L. 1995a. Zululand ahoy! Metamorphosis 6 (1): 5-7. *PRINGLE, E.L. 1995b. The quest for the rarest Thestor. Metamorphosis 6 (4): 174-175. *PRINGLE, E.L. 1995c. A new subspecies of Charaxes xiphares (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Metamorphosis 6 (4): 176- 179. *PRINGLE, E. [L.] 1996a. The Melanitis leda conundrum. Metamorphosis 7 (3): 129-130. *PRINGLE, E. [L.] 1996b. Notes on a recent trip to Zululand. Metamorphosis 7 (3): 136. *PRINGLE, E. [L.] 1998a. Another new Neptis for South Africa. Metamorphosis 9 (2): 92. *PRINGLE, E.L. 1998b. Variation in the larvae of Aloeides depicta Tite and Dickson. Metamorphosis 9 (4): 173-175. *PRINGLE, E.L. 2002a. New butterfly reserve at Coega, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Metamorphosis 13 (3): 90-91. [Aloeides clarki; Lepidochrysops bacchus] *PRINGLE, E.L. 2002b. The final instar larva and the pupa of Deloneura millari millari Trimen (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 13 (4): 109-111. *PRINGLE, E.[L.] 2003. Death from a butterfly in the Eastern Cape. Metamorphosis 14 (1): 33- 34. [Danaus chrysippus aegyptius] *PRINGLE, E.[L.] 2005. A closer look at Darwinism. Metamorphosis 16 (1): 6-11. *PRINGLE, E.L. 2010. Notes on the Genus Eurytela Boisduval, 1833 and description of a new form of Eurytela hiarbas angustata Aurivillius, 1894 (Nymphalidae: ) from the KwaZulu-Natal South Coast. Metamorphosis 21 (4): 169-172. [form vashti; new form] *PRINGLE, E.L. 2011. Solving the mystery of the Soutpansberg Neptis. Metamorphosis 22 (3 & 4): 72-74. *PRINGLE, E.L. 2013. A new species of Cassionympha Van Son (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) from the southern coast of the Western Cape, with a discussion of its possible evolutionary origins. Metamorphosis 24: 38-43. Abstract: The genus Cassionympha Van Son is discussed and reviewed, and a Neotype of the type species of the genus Cassionympha cassius (Godart, 1824) designated. A new species [Cassionympha perissinottoi] from the southern coast region of the Western Cape is described, and a discussion about the evolutionary origins of the group provided. *PRINGLE, E.L. 2016. Coeliades libeon Druce, 1875 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) – A rare migrant? Metamorphosis 27: 90-91. *PRINGLE, E.L., & KYLE, R.G. 2002. Checklists of the butterflies of the Ndumo, Tembe and Kosi Bay Nature Reserves, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Metamorphosis 13 (1): 18-27. *PRINGLE, E.L., & SCHLOSZ, M.J. 1997. Description of a new subspecies of Kedestes niveostriga (Trimen) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from the Greyton District of the south- western Cape. Metamorphosis 8 (4): 167-171. *PRINGLE, E.L.L., HENNING, G.A. & BALL, J.B. [EDS] 1994. Pennington's Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd ed. Struik Winchester, Cape Town: 1-800. [*Ball, 1994 – Durbaniella clarki phaea subsp. n.; Durbaniella clarki jenniferae subsp. n.; Thestor dicksoni warreni subsp. n. *Dickson, 1994 – Poecilmitis thysbe schloszei subsp. n.; Poecilmitis whitei sp.n. *Dickson & Wykeham, 1994 – Chrysoritis coetzeri sp. n.; Lepidochrysops gydoae sp. n.; Thestor camdeboo sp. n.; Thestor malagas sp. n.; Thestor protumnus mijburghi subsp. n.; Trimenia argyroplaga cardouwae subsp. n. ] [#book] *PRYKE, J.S. & SAMWAYS, M.J. 2009. Conservation of the insect assemblages of the Cape Peninsula biodiversity hotspot. Journal of Insect Conservation 13: 627-641. PRYKE, S.R., & SAMWAYS, M.J. 2001. Width of grassland linkages for the conservation of butterflies in South African afforested areas. Biological Conservation 101 (1): 85-96. *PRYKE, S.R., & SAMWAYS, M.J. 2003. Quality of remnant indigenous grassland linkages for adult butterflies (Lepidoptera) in an afforested African landscape. Biodiversity and Conservation 12 (10): 1985-2004. [South Africa]. [PDF file on CD 1] PYRCZ, T. 1991. Account of two expeditions to Sao Thome and Principe Islands January-March 1989 & July-September 1990 including a description of new subspecies of Acraea pharsalus and Bematistes alcinoe Felder. Lambillionea 91 (4) (Tome II): 362-374.

187 PYRCZ, T. 1992a. Provisional check-list of the butterflies of Sao Tome and Principe Islands. Lambillionea 92 (1): 48-52. *PYRCZ, T.W. 1992b. Rain forests of Sao Tome and Principe: butterflies and conservation. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 3 (2): 95-100. *PYRCZ, T.W. 2017. Mauritius butterflies revisited: short faunal survey reveals a new record for the Mascarene fauna – Leptotes jeanneli (Stempffer). Metamorphosis 28: 16-21. PYRCZ, T.W., LORENC, J. & KNOOP, K.P. 2011. New species of Euphaedra Huebner of the ceres group from south-western Nigeria – with new evidence from female genital morphology (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Limenitidinae). Genus (Wroclaw) 22 (4): 621- 638.Abstract: Two new species of Euphaedra are described from south-western Nigeria, E. eshu n. sp. from the forests of Ondo State and E. yemalla n. sp. from the Lekki Peninsula. E. proserpina HECQ is considered to be a subspecies of E. phaethusa BUTLER. E. wojtusiaki HECQ is reported for the first time from an area west of the river Niger. A comparative study of female genitalia is carried out for the first time for the genus Euphaedra. Several structures are found to be valuable for species discrimination, in particular the shape and size of corpus and ductus bursae, colliculum, lamella postvaginalis and von Siebold organ. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the inherent value of rapidly shrinking pockets of forests in the Yorubaland and their importance in the preservation of African biodiversity, and to emphasize the need of their protection. *PYRCZ, T.W., WARREN-GASH, H., LORENC-BRUDECKA, J., KNOOP, D., OREMANS, P. & SAFIAN, S. 2013. Taxonomy and distribution pattern of the African rain forest butterfly genus Euphaedra Hübner sensu stricto with the description of three new subspecies of Euphaedra cyparissa (Cramer) and one of E. sarcoptera (Butler) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae, Adoliadini). ZooKeys 298: 1-37. Abstract: Updated data on the distribution, ecology and taxonomy of Euphaedra cyparissa (Cramer) and Euphaedra sarcoptera (Butler) are presented. Three new subspecies of E. cyparissa and one of E. sarcoptera are described and their geographic distribution is presented. The monophyly of the genus Euphaedra sensu Hecq is assessed based on morphological, in particular male and female genitalia, and behavioural traits. Possible evolutionary reasons for the convergence of colour pattern between the sympatric subspecies of E. cyparissa and E. sarcoptera are discussed. QUICKE, D.L.J. 1978. New butterfly foodplant records? East African Natural History Society Bulletin 1978: 111. [Pieridae] QUICKELBERGE, C.D. 1966. A new species of Poecilmitis Butler from the eastern Cape. Novos Taxa Entomologicos (47): 1-11. QUICKELBERGE, C.D. 1967. Population explosion of butterflies. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 30 (2): 275-276. *QUICKELBERGE, C.D. 1972a. A study of Poecilmitis phosphor (Trimen). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 84: 85-94. *QUICKELBERGE, C.D. 1972b. Notes on Tarucus bowkeri (Trimen) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), with a description of a new subspecies. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 84: 233-238. QUICKELBERGE, C.D. 1976. A re-assessment of the status of the forms of the Dixeia doxo (Godart) complex (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Durban Museum Novitates 11 (5): 107-114. QUICKELBERGE, C.D. 1977a. Systematic notes on southern African butterflies – 1. Durban Museum Novitates 11 (9): 177-180. QUICKELBERGE, C.D. 1977b. Systematic notes on southern African butterflies – 2. Durban Museum Novitates 11 (9): 239-245. *QUICKELBERGE, C.D. 1978a. The systematics of the genus Dira Huebner (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae), with a description of a new subspecies of D. clytus (Linnaeus). No. 3 Evolution and distribution. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 90 (2): 25-32. [Dira clytus eurina new subspecies] QUICKELBERGE, C.D. 1978b. Systematic notes on southern African butterflies – 2. A revision of the Stygionympha vigilans (Trimen)/ wichgrafi van Son complex (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae), with the description of a new species. Durban Museum Novitates 11 (13): 239-245. QUICKELBERGE, C.D. 1979a. Systematic notes on southern African butterflies – 3. On the genus Capys Hewitson (Lycaenidae: Lepidoptera), with special reference to C. alphaeus

188 (Cramer) including the description of a new subspecies. Durban Museum Novitates 12 (2): 20-26. QUICKELBERGE, C.D. 1979b. A revision of Lepidochysops cupreus (Neave) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with descriptions of two new species from Malawi. Durban Museum Novitates 12: 63-71. QUICKELBERGE, C.D. 1980a. A new species of Lepidochrysops Hedicke (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the Nyika Plateau, Malawi. Durban Museum Novitates 12 (2): 139-142. [L. handmani] QUICKELBERGE, C.D. 1980b. Systematic notes on southern African butterflies - 4. Phenetic variation in Phasis clavum Murray (Lycaenidae: Lepidoptera). Durban Museum Novitates 12 (16): 181-186. QUICKELBERGE, C.D. 1981. Systematic notes on Southern African butterflies – 5. On the Natal populations of Durbania amakosa Trimen, with descriptions of two new subspecies. Durban Museum Novitates 12 (19): 215-222. QUICKELBERGE, C.D. 1982. Systematic notes on southern African butterflies – 6. On unusual forms of some South African butterfly species. Durban Museum Novitates 13 (11): 139-148. QUICKELBERGE, C.D. 1984. A new species of Axiocerses Hubner (Lycaenidae: Lepidoptera). Durban Museum Novitates 13 (19): 239-243. *QUICKELBERGE, C.D. 1988. A “high-light” experience. Metamorphosis 1 (22): 4-5. *QUICKELBERGE, C. 1995. Obituary – John Dunell Handman. Metamorphosis 6 (1): 41-42. *QUICKELBERGE, C.D., & McMASTER, J.C. 1970. A new species of Thestor Hubner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 82: 319-323. RAHARITSIMBA, H.N. 1996. Contribution a l’étude de la systematique et de l’écologie du genre Strabena (Mabille, 1887) (Lépidoptères, Rhopalocères, Satyridae). Mémoire de D.E.A., Sciences Biologiques Appliquées, Université d’Antananarivo, Antananarivo. RAHARITSIMBA, H.N. 1997. Alpha taxonomy of Madagascar endemic butterfly [genus] Strabena (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) and its implication in conservation. Master’s thesis, University of Kent, Canterbury. RAHM, U. 1954. La Cote d’Ivoire. Centre de recherches tropicales. Acta Tropica 11: 222-295. RAMBUR, M.P. [1838-1840]. Faune entomologique de l’Andalusie 2: 1-336. Paris. *RAND, D.B., HEATH, A., SUNDERMAN, T., & PIERCE, N.E. 2000. Phylogeny and life history evolution of the genus Chrysoritis within the Aphnaeini (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 17 (1): 85-96. [PDF file on CD 1] RANDERSON, J.P., JIGGINS, F.M., & HURST, L.D. 2000. Male killing can select for male mate choice: a novel solution to the paradox of the lek. Proceedings Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 267 (1446): 867-874. [Acraea encedon; Hypolimnas bolina] RANKIN, W.T.C. 1976. Migratory movement of the brown-veined white (Belenois aurota F.). Proceedings Trans. Br. ent. nat. Hist. Soc. 9 (3-4): 110-111. [Nigeria] RAUBENHEIMER, D. 1989. Cyanoglycoside gynocardin from Acraea horta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Acraeinae): possible implications for evolution of acraeine host choice. Journal of Chemical Ecology 15 (8): 2177-2189. RAYALU, M.B., NAIDU, M.T., ATLURI, J.B. & REDDI, C.S. 2011. Life history and larval performance of the Joker butterfly, (Lep.: Nymphalidae). Journal of Entomological Society of 31 (1): 71-85. Abstract: We describe, for the first time, the life history of the Joker butterfly, Byblia ilithyia Drury and larval performance in terms of food consumption and utilization, and the length of life cycle on its host plant Tragia plukenetii A. R. Smith. Our study was conducted throughout 2007 in the Andhra University campus and the Zoo Park area, 5 km away from the campus, at Visakhapatnam (17° 42' N and 82° 18' E), South India. Byblia ilithyia completes its life cycle in 19.20 [plus or minus] 1.30 days (eggs 3, larvae, 9-12, pupa 5-6 days). The values of nutritional indices across the instars were AD (Approximate Digestibility) 55.77-94.98%; ECD (Efficiency of Conversion of Digested food) 1.93-25.26; ECI (Efficiency of Conversion

189 of Ingested food) 1.83-14.09, measured at the temperature of 28° [plus or minus] 2°C and RH of 80 [plus or minus] 10% in the laboratory. These relatively high values, at least partially explain ecological success of B. ilithyia in the urban environment. REAKIRT, T. [1865]. Notes upon exotic Lepidoptera, chiefly from the Philippine Islands, with descriptions of some new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 3: 443-504. REAKIRT, T. 1866. Descriptions of some new species of diurnal Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1866: 238-249. REBEL, H. 1899. Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteren aus Sudarabien und von der Insel Sokotra. Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften. Wien. 36: 359-361. REBEL, H. 1906. Bericht der Sektion fur Lepidopterologie. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch- Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 56: 642-652. REBEL, H. 1907. Lepidopteren aus Sudarabien und von Insel Sokotra 1-100. Vienna. [Subsequently republished in 1931 in Denkschrift der Akademie der Wissenschaften. Wien. 71 (2): 31-130.] REBEL, H. 1908. Bericht der Sektion fur Lepidopterologie. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch- Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 58: 155-160. REBEL, H. 1911. Neue Tagfalter aus Zentral afrika (Expedition Grauer). Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien. 24: 409-414. REBEL, H. 1914. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Expedition R. Grauer nach Zentralafrika, Dezember 1909 bis 1911. Lepidopteren. Annalen des (K.K.) Naturhistorischen Museums. Wien. 28: 219-294. REBEL, H. 1930. Kongo-Lepidopteren, gesammelt von Wiedholz 1927/28. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 79: 98-103. REBEL, H., & ROGENHOFER, A. 1894. Insekten aus Deutsch-Ostafrika. 1. Lepidopteren. In: BAUMANN, O. Durch Massailand zur Nilquelle. Reisen und Forschungen der Massai- Expedition des deutschen Antisklaverei-Komite in den Jahren 1891-1893: 323-341. REHN, J.A.G. 1936. Zoological results of the George Vanderbilt African expedition of 1934. Part I: Introduction and itinerary. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 88: 1-14. REICHE, L. [1850]. Entomologie. In: FERRETS, P.V.A., & GALINIER, J.G. [1847-1850]. Voyage en Abyssinie dans les provinces du Tigre, du Samen et de l’Ahmarra: 258-471. Paris. REID, A. 1996. A study of the distribution of Charaxes butterflies in the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest. EANHS Bulletin 26 (1): 5-8. REID, J.C., KUNZEL, S., & KUNZEL, T. 1990. A mass flight of the butterfly Andronymus sp. at Calabar (probably A. neander; Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Nigerian Field 55 (1-2): 83-84. *REMINGTON, C.L. 1953. Obituary. George Talbot (1882-1952). The Lepidopterists’ News 7 (1): 24. *REMINGTON, C.L. 1954. Obituary. Geoffrey Douglas Hale Carpenter. The Lepidopterists’ News 8 (1-2): 31-43. REMINGTON, J.E. 1947. Brief biographies. 8. William Jacob Holland (1848-1932). The Lepidopterists’ News 1 (8): 98. REMINGTON, J.E. 1949. Brief biographies 20. Jacob Hubner (1761-1826). The Lepidopterists’ News 3 (8-9): 107-108. RENNIE, J. 1832. A conspectus of the butterflies and moths xxxvii + [iii] + 1-287. London. REUSS, T. 1920. Eine neue Hesperide. Entomologische Rundschau 37: 25. REUSS, T. 1921. Ueber einige neue-Formen des Papilio dardanus Brown im Berliner Museum. Entomologische Rundschau 38: 23-24. REUSS, T. 1922a. Eine Androconialform von ‘Argynnis’ niobe L. f.n., und durch entsprechende _ gekennzeichnete ostasiatische Formen oder Arten, die bischer zu ‘adippe’ L. (rect cydippe L.) gerechnet wurden, sich aber nummehr durch Art und Verteilung der Androconien abtrennen

190 lassen. Mit einer Revision des ‘Genus Argynnis F.’. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 87 (A.11): 180-230. REUSS, T. 1922b. Die Formen von Papilio antimachus Drury im Berliner Museum. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 87 (A.11): 230-241. REUSS, T. 1926. Systemischer uberlich der Dryadinae T. Rss mit einigen Neubeschreibungen. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1926: 65-70. REUSS, T. 1928. Die Argyreidae T. Rss., fam. nov. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 22: 145-146. REVERDIN, J.-L. 1914. Notes sur les genres Carcharodus, Hesperia, et Thanaos. Bulletin de la Societe Lepidopterologique de Geneve 3: 38-77. RIBBE, C. 1889. Zwei neue Tagschmetterlinge aus Afrika. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 2: 181-182. RICHARDSON, D.M., COWLING, R.M., & LAMONT, B.B. 1996. Non-linearities, synergisms and plant extinctions in South African fynbos and Australian kwongan. Biodiversity and Conservation 5 (9): 1035-1046. (Satyrinae; pollination failure). *RICHARDSON, I. 2010. Waterfalls of Northern Province, Zambia. Metamorphosis 21 (4): 173- 182. [Faunal lists for Papilionoidea] *RICHARDSON, I.D. 2013. A study of the genitalia of Precis actia (Distant), 1880 and Precis pelarga (Fabricius), 1775 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Metamorphosis 24: 7-11. Abstract: The diagnostic character based on the position of a dot in a light coloured patch on the forewing is quantified for each male specimen in short series of Precis actia and Precis pelarga from Zambia. A study of the male genitalia reveals an additional diagnostic character, which correlates well with the quantified dot-position character. This additional character is proposed as a more definitive means of separating the two very similar species. RICHELMANN, D. 1909. Eine neue Form von Papilio rex Oberth. und einiges uber Papilio nobilis Rogenh.. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 3: 102-103. RICHELMANN, D. 1913. Einige neue afrikanische Tagfalter. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 7: 105-106. RIGOUT, J. 1974a. 20 jours de chasse au Cameroun. Bulletin Soc. Sci. Nat. Paris No. 6: 1-6. RIGOUT, J. 1974b. Accouplement a la main de Charaxes jasius. Alexanor 8 (7): 335-336. RILEY, J., & CORNES, M.A. 1970a. The Lepidoptera of Gambari forest reserve. Part 1. Papilionidae. Nigerian Entomologists’ Magazine 2: 62-65. RILEY, J., & CORNES, M.A. 1970b. The Lepidoptera of Gambari forest reserve. Part 2. Nymphalidae, Acraeidae and Libytheidae. Nigerian Entomologists’ Magazine 2: 103-107. *RILEY, N.D. 1920. A note on some African Rhopalocera. Entomologist 53: 73-75. *RILEY, N.D. 1921. Notes on the Rhoplaocera of the Dollman collection. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1921: 234-259. *RILEY, N.D. 1922. Some undescribed Rhopalocera in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) II. Entomologist 55: 250-252. RILEY, N.D. 1923. A new african Satyrid. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1923: 28-29. RILEY, N.D. 1925a. List of the butterflies collected in Arabia by Captain R.E. Cheesman, with a description of one new subspecies. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 15: 151-152. RILEY, N.D. 1925b. Notes on the genus Ceratrichia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 16: 405-416. RILEY, N.D. 1925c. A revision of the continental African species of the genus Artitropa (Lep. Hesperiidae). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1925: 281-288. *RILEY, N.D. 1925d. The species usually referred to the genus Cigaritis Boisd. Novitates Zoologicae 32: 70-95. RILEY, N.D. 1926a. Mycalesis mesogena ugandae ssp. nov. Entomologist 59: 234. *RILEY, N.D. 1926b. List of the Hesperiidae in the Tring Museum collected on the Ivory Coast by G. Melou. Novitates Zoologicae 33: 49-52.

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194 249-250. *ROTHSCHILD, W. 1913. Expedition to central western Sahara. VII. Lepidoptera. Novitates Zoologicae 20: 109-143. *ROTHSCHILD, W. 1915a. On the Lepidoptera in the Tring Museum, sent by Mr. A.S. Meek from the Admiralty Islands, Dampier, and Vulcan Islands. Novitates Zoologicae 22: 387- 402. *ROTHSCHILD, W. 1915b. On the Lepidoptera collected in 1913-14 by Herr Geyr von Schweppenburg on a journey to the Haggar Mountains. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 16: 247-258. *ROTHSCHILD, W. 1918. Some apparently new forms of African Nymphalidae. Novitates Zoologicae 25: 338-345. *ROTHSCHILD, W. 1921. Captain Angus Buchanan’s Air Expedition. V. On the Lepidoptera collected by Captain A. Buchanan in northern Nigeria and the southern Sahara in 1919-1920. Novitates Zoologicae 28: 142-170; 215-229. ROTHSCHILD, W. 1926 On some African Papilios, with descriptions of new forms. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 17: 112-114. *ROTHSCHILD, W., & JORDAN, K. 1900. A monograph of Charaxes and the allied prionopterous genera. Novitates Zoologicae 7: [i-iv], 287-524. *ROTHSCHILD, W., & JORDAN, K. 1901. On some Lepidoptera. Novitates Zoologicae 8: 401- 407. *ROTHSCHILD, W., & JORDAN, K. 1903a. Some new African Papilios. Novitates Zoologicae 10: 488-490. *ROTHSCHILD, W., & JORDAN, K. 1903b. Lepidoptera collected by Oscar Neumann in north- east Africa. Novitates Zoologicae 10: 491-542. *ROTHSCHILD, W., & JORDAN, K. 1903c. A monograph of Charaxes and the allied prionopterous genera. Novitates Zoologicae 10: 326-342. *ROTHSCHILD, W., & JORDAN, K. 1905. Lepidoptera collected by Oscar Neumann in north- east Africa. Novitates Zoologicae 12: 175-191. ROTTCHER, N. 1984. Butterfly migration at Gilgil. East African Natural History Society Bulletin 1984: 13. [Belenois aurota] ROUGEOT, P.-C. 1975. Description de la femelle de Charaxes brutus somalicus W. Rothschild (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin Soc. Ent. Fr. 80 (1-2): 32. ROUGEOT, P.-C. 1977. Missions entomologiques en Ethiopie 1973-1975. Fascicule 1. Mémoires Museum d’Histoire Naturelle Paris (Zoologie) 105: 1-150. [Includes butterflies?] ROUGEOT, P.-C. 1980. On the distribution of Pieris brassicoides Guerin (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) in Ethiopia. Sinet (Addis Ababa) 3 (2): 153-154. ROUGEOT, P.-C. 1983. Lepidopteres du Haut-Simyen (Ethiopie du nord). Bulletin Mensuel de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon 52 (7): 219-232. [Distribution records; Ethiopia] ROUGEOT, P.-C. 1984. Missions entomologiques en Éthiopie 1976-1982. Mémoires du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle Serie A Zoologie 128: 1-93. [Describes eight new forms of Charaxes galawadiwosi] ROUGEOT, P.C. 1999. Remarques sur Papilio rex Obth. et description de la femelle de P. rex schultzei Auriv. (Lepidoptera Papilionidae). Entomologia Africana 4 (1): 3-6. ROUGEOT, P.C. 2002. Une migration de papillons au Gabon (Lep. Nymphalidae). Entomologiste (Paris) 58 (3-4): 157. [Cymothoe caenis]. ROUSSEAU-DECELLE, G. 1931. Une nouvelle espece de Charaxes africain. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1931: 87-90. ROUSSEAU-DECELLE, G. 1933. Notes sur quelques formes nouvelles des genres Papilio et Charaxes [Lep.]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 38: 269-273. ROUSSEAU-DECELLE, G. 1934. De quelques formes nouvelles de Charaxes africains. Bulletin

195 de la Societe Entomologique de France 39: 228-236. ROUSSEAU-DECELLE, G. 1938. Notes sur quelques formes nouvelles de Charaxidinae des faunes ethiopienne et indo-malaise. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 43: 161- 168. ROUSSEAU-DECELLE, G. 1956. Note sur une sous-espece nouvelle de Charaxes africain. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 61: 91-92. ROUSSEAU-DECELLE, G., & JOHNSTON, F.L. 1957. Note sur une sous-espece nouvelle espece de Charaxes africain [Lep. Nymphalidae]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 62: 151-153. RUITER, B.J., & BRAKEFIEELD, P.M. 1994. Interactions between phenotypic plasticity and genetic polymorphism in the tropical butterfly Melanitis leda. Proceedings of the Section Experimental and Applied Entomology of the Netherlands Entomological Society (N.E.V.) 5: 41-46. RUMBUCHER, K. 1992. Eine noch unbeschriebene weibchenmorphe von Bematistes elgonensis Poulton 1929 (Acraeidae). Lambillionea 92 (3): 231-232. RUSSEL, G. 2000. Pride and prejudice – a whodunit? Orchids, South Africa 2000: 28-31. [Aeropetes tulbaghia] RUTOWSKI, R.L., MACEDONIA, J.M., KEMP, D.J. & TAYLOR-TATF, L. 2007. Diversity in structural ultraviolet coloration among female sulphur butterflies (Coliadinae, Pieridae). Structure and Development 36 (3): 280-290. [Eurema hecabe] *RYDON, A.H.B. 1964. Notes on the use of butterfly traps in East Africa. Journal of the Lepidopterist’s Society 18 (1): 51-58. *RYDON, A.H.B. 1971. The systematics of the Charaxidae (Lepidoptera: Nymphaloidea). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 83: 219-233; 283-287; 310-316; 336-341; 384-388. [includes notes on early stages of , Charaxes cithaeron]. RYDON, A.H.B. 1981a. Description of a new form of Cymothoe weymeri Suffert from Zaire. (Lepid. Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 80 (1-4): 2-4. RYDON, A.H.B. 1981b. Description of new species of Cymothoe Hűbner from Zaire: (Lepid. Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 80 (1-4): 4-10. RYDON, A.H.B. 1981c. Description of new species of Cymothoe Hűbner from Zaire: (Lepid. Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 80 (11-12): 83-93. RYDON, A.H.B. 1982. Taxonomic notes on some members of the Charaxes viola group, with descriptions of three new species from Yemen Arab Republic and Ethiopia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Charaxinae). Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Biologiske Skrifter 23 (3): 63-76. RYDON, A.H.B. 1989a. A new species of Charaxes from southern Sudan (Lep. Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 89 (5-6): 62-67. RYDON, A.H.B. 1989b. A new species of black Charaxes from western Tanzania (Lep. Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 89 (9-12): 121-124. *RYDON, A.H.B. 1991a. Systematic notes on the Cymothoe alcimeda group. Metamorphosis 2 (1): 9-15. *RYDON, A.H.B. 1991b. Systematic notes on the Cymothoe alcimeda group (Part 2). Metamorphosis 2 (4): 11-20. *RYDON, A.H.B. 1992a. Systematic notes on the Cymothoe alcimeda group. (Part 3). Metamorphosis 3 (1): 11-14. *RYDON, A.H.B. 1992b. Systematic notes on the Cymothoe alcimeda group. (Part 4). Metamorphosis 3 (1): 136-138. *RYDON, AQ.H.B. 1994a. Description of a new subspecies of Charaxes karkloof Van Someren and Jackson. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 97.

196 *RYDON, AQ.H.B. 1994b. Description of two new subspecies of Cymothoe alcimeda Godart. In: PRINGLE ET AL, 1994. Pennington’s Butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition: 102-103. RYDON, A.H.B. 1996a. Notes on some members of the Cymothoe aurivillii group (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 96 (Numero Special): 8-14. *RYDON, A.H.B. 1996b. A note on Charaxes karkloof trimeni Rydon. Metamorphosis 7 (1): 43- 44. *RYDON, A.H.B., CONGDON, T.C.E. & COLLINS, S.C. 2007. A new subspecies of Charaxes contrarius van Someren, 1969 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Charaxinae) from Tanzania. Metamorphosis 18 (4): 144-150. SAALMULLER, M. 1878. Mitteilungen uber Madagaskar, seine Lepidopteren-Fauna. Bericht uber die Senckenbergischen Naturforschen Gesellschaft 1878: 71-96. SAALMULLER, M. 1880. Neue Lepidopteren aus Madagaskar. Bericht uber die Senckenbergischen Naturforschen Gesellschaft 1880: 258-310. SAALMULLER, M. 1884a. Sektion fur Schmetterlinge. Bericht uber die Senckenbergischen Naturforschen Gesellschaft 1884: 65-68. SAALMULLER, M. 1884b. Lepidoptera von Madagascar. 1. Abhandungen hrsg. von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschen Gesellschaft 17: 1-246. *SAASTAMOINEN, M., BRAKEFIELD, P.M. & OVASKAINEN, O. 2012. Environmentally induced dispersal-related life-history syndrome in the tropical butterfly, Bicyclus anynana. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25 (11): 2264-2275. Abstract: Dispersal is a key process for understanding the persistence of populations as well as the capacity of organisms to respond to environmental change. Therefore, understanding factors that may facilitate or constrain the evolution of dispersal is of crucial interest. Assessments of phenotypic variation in various behavioural, physiological and morphological traits related to insect dispersal and flight performance are common, yet very little is known about the genetic associations among these traits. We have used experiments on the butterfly Bicyclus anynana to estimate genetic variation and covariation in seven behavioural, physiological and morphological traits related to flight potential and hence dispersal. Our goal was to characterize the heritabilities and genetic correlations among these traits and thus to understand more about the evolution of dispersal-related life-history syndromes in butterflies. Using a version of the animal model, we showed that all of the traits varied between the sexes, and most were either positively or negatively (phenotypically and/or genetically) correlated with body size. Heritable variation was present in most traits, with the highest heritabilities estimated for body mass and thorax ratio. The variance in flight activity among multiple measurements for the same individual was high even after controlling for the prevailing environmental conditions, indicating the importance of behavioural switching and/or inherent randomness associated with this type of movement. A number of dispersal-related traits showed phenotypic correlations among one another, but only a few of these were associated with significant genetic correlations indicating that covariances between these traits in Bicyclus anynana are mainly environmentally induced. SAASTAMOINEN, M., VAN DER STERREN, D., VASTENHOUT, N., ZWAAN B.J. & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2010. Predictive adaptive responses: condition-dependent impact of adult nutrition and flight in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana. American Naturalist 176 (6): 686-698. SACCHERI, I.J., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., & NICHOLS, R.A. 1996. Severe inbreeding depression and rapid fitness rebound in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Satyridae). Evolution 50 (5): 2000-2013. SACCHERI, I.J., & BRUFORD, M.W. 1993. DNA fingerprinting in a butterfly, Bicyclus anynana (Satyridae). Journal of Heredity 84 (3): 195-200. SACCHERI, I.J., NICHOLS, R.A., & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2001. Effects of bottlenecks on quantitative genetic variation in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Genetical Research 77 (2): 167-181. SAENKO, S.V., BRAKEFIELD, P.M. & BELDADE, P. 2010. Single locus affects embryonic segment polarity and multiple aspects of an adult evolutionary novelty. BMC Biology 8: 13pp. Article No 111. [Bicyclus anynana] SAENKO, S.V., FRENCH, V., BRAKEFIELD, P.M. & BELDADE, P. 2008. Conserved developmental processes and the formation of evolutionary novelties: examples from butterfly wings. Royal Society Philosophical Transactions Biological Sciences 363 (1496): 1549-1555.

197 SAENKO, S.V., JERONIMO, M.A. & BELDADE, P. 2012. Genetic basis of stage-specific melanism: a putative role for a cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase in insect pigmentation. Heredity 108 (6): 594-601. ABSTRACT: Melanism, the overall darkening of the body, is a widespread form of animal adaptation to particular environments, and includes bookcase examples of evolution by natural selection, such as industrial melanism in the peppered moth. The major components of the melanin biosynthesis pathway have been characterized in model insects, but little is known about the genetic basis of life-stage specific melanism such as cases described in some lepidopteran species. Here, we investigate two melanic mutations of Bicyclus anynana butterflies, called Chocolate and melanine, that exclusively affect pigmentation of the larval and adult stages, respectively. Our analysis of Mendelian segregation patterns reveals that the larval and adult melanic phenotypes are due to alleles at different, independently segregating loci. Our linkage mapping analysis excludes the pigmentation candidate gene black as the melanine locus, and implicates a gene encoding a putative pyridoxal phosphate-dependant cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase as the Chocolate locus. We show variation in coding sequence and in expression levels for this candidate larval melanism locus. This is the first study that suggests a biological function for this gene in insects. Our findings open up exciting opportunities to study the role of this locus in the evolution of adaptive variation in pigmentation, and the uncoupling of regulation of pigment biosynthesis across developmental stages with different ecologies and pressures on body coloration. *SAENKO, S.V., MARIALVA, M.S.P. & BELDADE, P. 2011. Involvement of the conserved Hox gene Antennapedia in the development and evolution of a novel trait. EvoDevo 2: 9pp. (Article No 9.). http://www.evodevojournal.com/content/pdf/2041-9139-2-9.pdf Abstract: Background: Hox proteins specify segment identity during embryogenesis and have typical associated expression patterns. Changes in embryonic expression and activity of Hox genes were crucial in the evolution of animal body plans, but their role in the post-embryonic development of lineage-specific traits remains largely unexplored. Here we focus on the insect Hox genes Ultrabithorax (Ubx) and Antennapedia (Antp), and implicate the latter in the formation and diversification of novel, butterfly-specific wing patterns. Results: First, we describe a conserved pattern of Ubx expression and a novel pattern of Antp expression in wing discs of Bicyclus anynana butterflies. The discrete, reiterated domains of Antp contrast with the typical expression of Hox genes in single continuous regions in arthropod embryos. Second, we show that this pattern is associated with the establishment of the organizing centres of eyespots. Antp upregulation is the earliest event in organizer development described to date, and in contrast to all genes implicated in eyespot formation, is exclusive to those centres. Third, our comparative analysis of gene expression across nymphalids reveals unexpected differences in organizer determination. Conclusions: We show that the Antp's recruitment for the formation of novel traits in butterfly wing discs involved the evolution of new expression domains, and is restricted to a particular lineage. This study contributes novel insights into the evolution of Antp expression, as well as into the genetic mechanisms underlying morphological diversification. Our results also underscore how a wider representation of morphological and phylogenetic diversity is essential in evolutionary developmental biology. *SAFIAN, S. 2011. Abstracts of the Workshop on Lepidoptera Research in the Afrotropical Region. 18–21 November 2011. Butterfly Conservation Society, Ghana, Tema 29 p. *SAFIAN, S. 2013. Observation of hill-topping behavior by the Giant African Swallowtail – Papilio antimachus Drury, 1782 and other recent records from Liberia (West Africa) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). SHILAP 41 (163): 323-329. ABSTRACT: Hill-topping, as a mate location strategy of the Giant African Swallowtail Papilio antimachus Drury, 1782 was observed in Liberia’s Nimba Mountains (Nimba County) and Putu Range (Grand Gedeh County) and is presented in detail. Other recent observations are also included, since P. antimachus is considered extremely rare in West Africa and is included in the IUCN’s red list, as “DD - data deficient”. The observations and the new distribution data provide relevant information for further understanding of the ecology and for more effective conservation of the habitats of Africa’s largest butterfly. *SAFIAN, S. 2014. Hill-topping in some African Celaenorrhinus Hübner, 1819. Metamorphosis 25: 1-2. *SAFIAN, S. 2014. Neurellipes rhoko sp. n. from the Cross River Loop, Eastern Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae). Zootaxa 3860: 195-200. ABSTRACT: A new species belonging to the recently revised Neurellipes mahota-group has been found in the Cross River Loop, Eastern Nigeria. It resembles the recently described Liberian N. georgiadisi Larsen, 2009, but differs from it by the wing shape and the extent and shape of orange patches on the hindwing, also on the forewing, especially in the discoidal cell. The species is described as N. rhoko sp. n.; a detailed comparison with the other species in the N. mahota-group is given, as well as notes on the biogeography of N. rhoko and its Liberian sub-region vicariant N. georgiadisi. *SAFIAN, S. 2014. Butterflies of the Nimba Mountains, Liberia Report on the butterfly surveys (2013-2014) for ArcelorMittal, Liberia, 81 pp. *SAFIAN, S. 2015. Behaviour and development of Pseudopontia gola Safian & Mitter, 2011 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). SHILAP 43 (169): 85-89. ABSTRACT: Information on adult behaviour and development of Pseudopontia gola Sáfián & Mitter, 2011 and foodplant records are presented in this paper, along with a short morphological description of its pre-imaginal stages. Although imagos within the genus Pseudopontia could not be distinguished based on macro-morphological features, there are small but clear

198 morphological differences between the larva and pupa of P. gola and P. zambezi. From the limited number of records, larvae of P. gola seem to utilise a single foodplant species in the Opiliaceae, which differ from, but is related to those of P. paradoxa and P. zambezi. These differences also serve as further evidences of the specific status of P. gola. *SAFIAN, S. 2015. Two new Epitolini from Liberia in the genera Stempfferia Jackson, 1962 and Cephetola Libert, 1999 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 26: 12–19. ABSTRACT: Two new butterfly species in the family Lycaenidae were discovered during recent studies in the Nimba Mountains, Liberia: Stempfferia katikae sp. nov., and Cephetola wingae sp. nov. Both are described in comparison with their respective closest relatives. Both belong in the tribe Epitolini, which has kept increasing in size since it was revised in 1999 and which contains a number of closely related species-pairs with completely allopatric distributions within the Guineo- Congolian forest zone. Two additional such pairs are discussed in this paper. *SAFIAN, S. 2015. Observations on the little-known Geritola frankdaveyi Libert, 1999 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Epitolini). Metamorphosis 26: 20-24. ABSTRACT: Geritola frankdaveyi Libert, 1999 is among the least known Lycaenidae in West Africa, with only two male specimens collected in Warri, Nigeria. Breeding of Geritola larvae revealed that the species is actually more widespread, since it was recently recorded also from Western Nigeria, Liberia and Sierra Leone. This paper presents the new records, information about the breeding of the larvae and morphological descriptions of the previously unknown female, the final instar larva and the pupa. *SAFIAN, S. 2015. Aslauga larseni (Lycaenidae: Miletinae: Liphyrini), a unique new species from the Nimba Mountains, Liberia. Metamorphosis 26: 27-30. ABSTRACT: A unique new species in the Aslauga ernesti-group was discovered in Liberia's Nimba Mountains in 2013. All species in the group are known to be very rare and local, and they seem to be associated with upland and sub-montane habitats in forest-savannah mosaic or transition zone. This new species might prove narrowly endemic to the Nimba Mountains or to mountainous areas in the Liberian sub-region. *SAFIAN, S. 2016. NOTE: Observations on the displaying behaviours of males of Afriodinia neavei neavei (Riley, 1932), A. neavei dollmani (Riley, 1932) and A. dewitzi (Aurivillius, 1899) (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). Metamorphosis 27: 60-62. *SAFIAN, S. 2017. Mass migration of Coeliades libeon Druce, 1875 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in the Albertine Rift, Western Uganda. Metamorphosis 28: 1. *SAFIAN, S. 2017. Three new species in the genus Iolaus Hübner, 1819 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae) from West Africa. Metamorphosis 28: 2–10. *SAFIAN, S. & COLLINS, S.C. 2014. A new Iridana Aurivillius, 1920 and a new Teratoneura Dudgeon, 1909 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from tropical Africa. Metamorphosis 25: 90-96. ABSTRACT: A new species of Iridana Aurivillius, 1920 has been discovered in 2009 and is described as I. kollariki sp. nov. in relation to I. perdita (Kirby, 1890). It was bred from larva and pupa in the Bunso Arboretum, Ghana and was subsequently found also in Liberia. Descriptions of larva and pupa are given, as well as notes on the species’ development and mymecophilous relationship. A remarkable species in the previously monotypic genus Teratoneura Dudgeon, 1909 is also described in comparison with Teratoneura isabellae Dudgeon, 1909. Although it was recognised for a while, the lack of accessibility of the few specimens in collections and a taxonomic misunderstanding of T. isabellae and T. isabellae congoensis Stempffer, 1954 in relation to the new species, prevented its description. The confusion was partly caused by the misidentification and illustration of the undescribed species in two relevant works. *SAFIAN, S. & COLLINS, S.C. 2015. Establishment of a new genus for Eresiomera paradoxa (Schultze, 1917) and related taxa (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with description of two new species. Zootaxa 4018 (1): 124-136. *SAFIAN, S., COLLINS, S.C. & LIBERT, M. 2015. Two new species in the genus Geritola Libert, 1999 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Epitolini). Zootaxa 3931 (2): 286-292. Abstract: Two Geritola (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) species, closely related to the Central African G. nitidica, have been recognised as new to science. G. wardi sp. n. was captured in small series in Mabira, an eastern outlier forest in Uganda, while G. pacifica sp. n. was discovered in Liberia, in classic Upper-Guinean hyper-wet rainforests. Both of them are described in comparison to their allopatric relative G. nitidica, including male genitalia. *SAFIAN, S., COLLINS, S.C. & LIBERT, M. 2015. Descriptions of seven new Pilodeudorix Druce, 1891 from equatorial Africa (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae). Metamorphosis 26: 62–78. *SAFIAN, S., CSONTOS, G. & KORMOS, B. 2009. Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea & Hesperioidea) records from Mount Agou and Klouto (Kouma-Konda Region, near Kpalimé), Togo Mountains, Togo (with notes on species composition in highly degraded forest habitats). Metamorphosis 20 (3): 115-130. *SAFIAN, S., CSONTOS, G. & WINKLER, D. 2011. Butterfly community recovery in degraded

199 rainforest habitats in the upper Guinean forest zone (Kakum Forest, Ghana). Journal of Insect Conservation 15 (1-2): 351-359. ABSTRACT: Successful regeneration of secondary tropical forest might be crucial in the conservation of rainforests, since large areas of primary forest have been destroyed or degraded. Animal communities might play an important role in restoration of biological diversity in these secondary habitats, since some groups have high mobility and capacity for dispersal. Fruit-feeding butterflies were trapped to measure differences between butterfly communities in primary rainforest and disturbed forest habitats of different stage of regeneration including clear-cut, abandoned farmland, newly planted forest and middle-aged secondary growth. 3465 specimens representing 114 species were identified from 56 traps operated for 36days. Extremely high values of rarefied species richness were estimated in the clear-cut habitat, due to the high number of singletons and doubletons. This was caused by a gap-effect that allowed penetration of canopy and open area species after disturbance. The differences between butterfly communities were best demonstrated through ecological composition, richness and abundance of indicator groups and habitat similarity based on Jaccard’s similarity index. The results show a clear ability of butterfly communities in degraded forest habitats to regenerate in 50–60years after clearance. *SAFIAN, S. & LARSEN, T.B. 2009. On the ecology and behavior of Cerautola crowleyi (Sharpe, 1890), Cerautola ceraunia (Hewitson, 1873) and Cerautola miranda (Staudinger, 1889) with descriptions of early stages (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Epitolini). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 19 (1): 22-28. [Poritiinae] ABSTRACT: Very little is known about the ecology and behavior of the strictly African Cerautola species (Lycaenidae: Epitolini). Nearly nothing has been published about their early stages until now. This paper summarizes the results of a study of three species of the genus from Ghana, including descriptions of their myrmecophilous relationship with Crematogaster ant hosts. Detailed descriptions of the early stages are presented here for the first time. The genus Cerautola Libert (1999) was introduced in the course of a revision of the Epitolini (Lycaenidae: Lipteninae) to describe large Epitola species. It is a strictly sub-Saharan genus restricted to the equatorial and western humid forest zones in Africa. The genus contains only a handful of species, characterized by a falcate forewing, with elongate apex in some cases, intensive iridescent blue or deep blue color on the males' upperside, and strong sexual dimorphism. The females are darker with reduced blue, even being completely brown as in the cases of Cerautola legeri Libert, 1999 and C. miranda (Staudinger, 1889). Very little is known about the ecology of the Cerautola species, and nearly nothing is published about the early stages in Larsen (2005) and Williams (2008), although line drawings of few Epitolini species appeared in Farquharson (1921) including C. ceraunia (Hewitson) and the Central African C. hewitsoni (Mabille). The authors present new information on the ecology and adult behavior of all three Cerautola occurring in Ghana and report the finding and rearing of larvae of the species. The descriptions of the larvae and pupae are also given in this paper. All three species have an apparent myrmecophilous relationship with arboreal Crematogaster Lund ants. *SAFIAN, S., LARSEN, T.B., COLLINS, S.C., CSONTOS, G. & ADUSE-POKU, K. 2012. Results of the butterfly and moth inventory in Ghana I. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Folia Entomologica Hungarica Rovartani Kozlemenyek 73: 53-75. ABSTRACT: Recent data (collected between 2001 and 2011 during several research surveys) on the distribution of 239 species of Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in Ghana are presented as the first results of the long-term research project "Butterfly and Moth Inventory and Prime Butterfly Areas in Ghana". Aslauga cf. prouvosti, Pentila condamini STEMPFFER, 1963, Micropentila AURIVILLIUS, 1895 sp., Teratoneura isabellae DUDGEON, 1909, Iridana agneshorvathae COLLINS, LARSEN et SÁFIÁN, 2008, Iridana cf. perdita, Cephetola nigra (BETHUNE-BAKER, 1903), and Geritola albomaculata (BETHUNE-BAKER, 1903) are recorded as new in the Lepidoptera fauna of Ghana. Many records of other species are of biogeographical importance. With one figure. *SAFIAN, S., LIBERT, M. & COLLINS, S.C. 2013. Two new Aphnaeus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae) species from Liberia. Zootaxa 3718 (2): 193-199. Abstract: Two new butterfly species belonging to the genus Aphnaeus (Lycaenidae: Theclinae), A. mirabilis sp. n., A. nimbaensis sp. n. were found in the Nimba Mountains, Western Range, Liberia in February 2012. Both are illustrated and described in comparison with closely related species: A. flavescens Stempffer, 1954 and A. liberti Bouyer, 1996, respectively. Genitalia of the male holotype of A. nimbaensis are also illustrated. *SAFIAN, S., PYRCZ, T. & BRATTSTROM, O. 2016. Two new species of Bebearia Hemming, 1960, as further evidence of endemism of butterflies in Western Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Limenitinae [Limenitidinae]) Zootaxa 4175 (5): 449-462. [Bebearia oshogbo, Bebearia wojtuiaki] *SAFIAN, S. & TROPEK, R. 2016. Two new butterfly species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) from Mount Cameroon. Gulf of Guinea Highlands, Cameroon. Zootaxa 4150 (2): 123-132. [Lepidochrysops liberti, Ceratrichia fako] *SAFIAN, S. & WARREN, R.D. 2015. Common Butterflies of IITA. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. 117pp. SAGWE, R.N., MUYA, S.M. & MARANGA, R. 2015. Effects of land use patterns on the diversity and conservation status of butterflies in Kisii highlands, Kenya. Journal of Insect Conservation 19 (6): 119-1127.

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201 Chrysoritis irene; Chrysoritis nigricans). *SCHLOSZ, M. 1991b. Epamera mimosae male/female ratio - a theory. Metamorphosis 3 (2): 20. *SCHLOSZ, M. 1996a. Larval hostplant of Tylopaedia sardonyx sardonyx (Trimen) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 7 (2): 92. *SCHLOSZ, M. 1996b. Kedestes niveostriga (Trimen) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in the Western Cape Province. Metamorphosis 7 (2): 93. *SCHLOSZ, M.J. 2008. A report on the current status of Kedestes niveostriga schloszi and some observations on the larval foodplant. Metamorphosis 19 (1): 2. *SCHLOSZ, M., & BRINKMAN, A. 1991. The life history of Tylopaedia sardonyx peringueyi (Aurivillius). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 54 (1): 81-84. *SCHLOSZ, M., & SCHLOSZ, P. 1990a. Trying the Transvaal. Metamorphosis 1 (26): 2. (Collecting notes, Transvaal, South Africa). *SCHLOSZ, M., & SCHLOSZ, P. 1990b. Two female Zophopetes dysmephila fly in for supper. Metamorphosis 1 (26): 10. (Zophopetes dysmephila; recorded; Cape Town). SCHMIDT, C.W. 1921. Neue oder wenig bekannte afrikanische Rhopaloceren. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 35: 32-51. SCHMIDT, E. 1975. Falterfang in Westkamerun. Entomologische Z. Frankf. a. M. 85 (1-2): 1-12. [First record of Papilio erithonioides; Cameroon, faunal list] SCHOUTEDEN, H. 1912a. Rhopaloceres recuillis dans l’Uelle par M.Castelain. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 55: 362-364. SCHOUTEDEN, H. 1912b. Rhopaloceres recuillis dans le Haut-Ituri par le Dr Bayer. Revue de Zoologie Africaine 1: 389-396. SCHOUTEDEN, H. 1919. La faune des Acraides du Congo Belge. Revue de Zoologie Africaine 6: 145-162. SCHOUTEDEN, H. 1926. Contribution a l’etude des Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres du Katanga (collections Overlaet, etc.). Revue de Zoologie Africaine 14: 217-236. SCHOUTEDEN, H. 1927. Contribution a l’etude des Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres du Katanga (collections Overlaet, etc.). 2me partie. Nymphalidae et Acraeidae. Revue de Zoologie Africaine 14: 283-309. SCHOUTEDEN, H. 1934. Charaxes Overlaeti nov. sp. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaine 26: 122-124. SCHRANK, F.P. 1801. Fauna boica. Durchgedachte Geschichte der in Baiern einheimischen und zahmen Thiere 2 (1): viii + 1-274. Ingolstadt. SCHROEDER, H. 1975. Die Raupe der westafrikanischen Hesperiide Pyrrhochalcia iphis (Lep.). Entomologische Zeitschrift; Frankf. a. M. 85 (20): 229-232. SCHROEDER, H. 1984. Zur identitat von Papilio dardanus storacei Gauthier 1984 (Lep.: Papilionidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 94 (24): 363-364. *SCHROEDER, S. 2012. A new species of Micropentila Aurivillius, 1895 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Lipteninae) from the Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo 33 (2-3): 69-70. Abstract: A new species of Micropentila, M. mukanirwai sp. n., is described from northeastern D.R. Congo (North Kivu Region, formerly Zaire/Zaire). Morphologically, the taxon belongs to the brunnea species-group and is closely related to M. katerae STEMPFFER & BENNETT, 1965 known from Uganda. Male holotype is deposited in SMFL. *SCHROEDER, S. 2013. A new Liptena Westwood, 1851 from North-Kivu Democratic Republic of Congo (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Lipteninae). Lambillionea 113 (3): 197-200. Abstract: A new species of Liptena Westwood, 1851, Liptena ducarmei n. sp., is described from North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. Within Liptena it belongs to the orange coloured ‘praestans-species group’. Type specimens of Liptena hulstaerti Hawker-Smith, 1926, L. lualaba Berger, 1981 and L. amabilis Schultze, 1923 are re-figured. *SCHROEDER, S. 2014. An unusual specimen of the genus Iolaus (Epamera) Druce (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Yakoli, Central African Republic. Metamorphosis 25: 123-125. SCHULTZE, A. 1906. Eine neue Pseudacraea aus Kamerun. Insectenborse 23: 174. SCHULTZE, A. 1908. Drei neue Tagfalter aus Kamerun. Societas Entomologica 23: 130-131.

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210 SMITH, D.A.S. 1981. Heterozygous advantage expressed through sexual selection in a polymorphic African butterfly. Nature (London) 289 No. 5794: 174-175. [Danaus chrysippus] SMITH, D.A.S. 1998. Non-Mendelian segregation and variable penetrance of colour genes in the polymorphic butterfly Danaus chrysippus (L.). Heredity 80 (4): 474-480. SMITH, D.A.S., & GORDON, I.J. 1987. The genetics of the butterfly Hypolimnas misippus (L.): the classification of phenotypes and the inheritance of forms misippus and inaria. Heredity 59 (3): 467-475. SMITH, D.A.S., GORDON, I.J. & ALLEN, J.A. 2010. Reinforcement in hybrids among once isolated semispecies of Danaus chrysippus (L.) and evidence for sex chromosome evolution. Ecological Entomology 35 (Supplement 1): 77-89. SMITH, D.A.S., GORDON, I.J., DEPEW, L.A., & OWEN, D.F. 1998. Genetics of the butterfly Danaus chrysippus (L.) in a broad hybrid zone, with special reference to sex ratio, polymorphism and intragenomic conflict. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 65 (1): 1-40. SMITH, D.A.S., GORDON, I.J., LUSHAI, G., GOULSON, D., ALLEN, J.A., & MACLEAN, N. 2002. Hybrid queen butterflies from the cross Danaus chrysippus (L.) x D. gilippus (Cramer): confirmation of species status for the parents and further support for Haldane’s Rule. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 76: 535-544. SMITH, D.A.S., GORDON, I.J., TRAUT, W., HERREN, J., COLLINS, S., MARTINS, D.J., SAITOTI, K., IRERI, P. & FFRENCH-CONSTANT, R. 2016. A neo-W chromosome in a tropical butterfly links colour pattern, male-killing, and speciation. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 283 (1835): 20160821 SMITH, D.A.S., LUSHAI, G., & ALLEN, J.A. 2005. A classification of Danaus butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based upon data from morphology and DNA. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 144 (2): 191-212. *SMITH, D.A.S., & OWEN, D.F. 1997. Colour genes as markers for migratory activity: the butterfly Danaus chrysippus in Africa. Oikos 78 (1): 127-135. SMITH, D.A.S., OWEN, D.F., GORDON, I.J., & LOWIS, N.K. 1997. The butterfly Danaus chrysippus (L.) in East Africa: polymorphism and morph-ratio clines within a complex, extensive and dynamic hybrid zone. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 120 (1): 51- 78. SMITH, D.A.S., OWEN, D.F., GORDON, I.J., & OWINY, A.M. 1993. Polymorphism and evolution in the butterfly Danaus chrysippus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Danainae). Heredity 71(3): 242-251. *SMITH, D.A.S., SHOESMITH, E.A., & SMITH, A.G. 1988. Pupal polymorphism in the butterfly Danaus chrysippus (L.): environmental, seasonal and genetic influences. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 33 (1): 17-50. SMITH, M.R. 1965. A list of the Lepidoptera associated with cocoa in West Africa with notes on identification and biology of species in Ghana. Cocoa Research Institute (Ghana Academy of Sciences). Tafo. *SMITHERS, C.N. 1960. Preliminary observations on Colias electo (L.) (Lepidopt.: Pieridae) in Southern Rhodesia. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 23 (1): 50-64. *SMITH-PATTEN, B.D. & PATTEN, M.A. 2015. Beyond surrogacy - A multi-taxon approach to conservation biogeography. Biotropica 47 (1): 128-135. SNELL, H.J., & TAMS, W.H.T. 1920. The natural history of the island of Rodrigues. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 19: 283-292. SNELLEN, P.C.T. 1872. Bijdrage tot de Vlinder-Faune van Neder-Guinea, zuidwestelijk gedeelte van Afrika. Tidschrift voor Entomologie 15: 1-112. SNELLEN, P.C.T. 1882. Aanteekeningen over Afrikaanische Lepidoptera. Tidschrift voor

211 Entomologie 25: 215-234. SODOVSKII, W. 1837. Etymologische Untersuchungen ueber die Gattungsnamen der Schmetterlinge. Bulletin de la Societe Imperial des Naturalistes de Moscou 1837 (6): [76] – [99]. *SOURAKOV, A., & EMMEL, T.C. 1995. Bait trapping for butterflies in Kenya. Tropical Lepidoptera Research 6 (1) (Part 1): 1-2. *SOURAKOV, A., & EMMEL, T.C. 1997a. Bicyclus and Hallelesis: their immature stages and taxonomic relationships (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 8 (Supplement 3): 14-22. *SOURAKOV, A., & EMMEL, T.C. 1997b. Ypthima and Ypthimomorpha: their immature stages and taxonomic relationships (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 8 (Supplement 3): 23-28. *SOURAKOV, A., & EMMEL, T.C. 1997c. Notes on life histories of Orboronia [Oboronia] liberiana and Oboronia ornata (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 8 (Supplement 3): 29-31. *SOURAKOV, A., & EMMEL, T.C. 1997d. Notes on life histories of Pyrrhochalcia iphis and Pardaleodes tibullus (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 8 (Supplement 3): 32. *SOURAKOV, A., & EMMEL, T.C. 1997e. Mating habits in the genus Acraea, with a possible explanation for monosexual populations (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Acraeinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 8 (Supplement 3): 33-35. *SOUTHEY, R.J.G. 1991. Ramblings of Ruth Southey. Metamorphosis 2 (3): 38-41. *SOUTHEY, R.J.G. 1992a. Ramblings of Ruth Southey. Part 2. Metamorphosis 3 (1): 28-31. *SOUTHEY, R.J.G. 1992b. Ramblings of Ruth Southey in Mozambique 1957. Part 3. Metamorphosis 3 (2): 67-69. *SOUTHEY, R.J.G. 1992c. Ramblings of Ruth Southey in Mozambique. Part 4. Metamorphosis 3 (3): 83-85. *SOUTHEY, R.J.G. 1992d. Ramblings of Ruth Southey in Mozambique. Part 5. Metamorphosis 3 (4): 154-155. *SOUTHEY, R. [J.G.] 1994. The ramblings of Ruth Southey - 1957. Metamorphosis 5 (4): 153- 154. *SOUTHEY, R. [J.G.] 1995. Ramblings in Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) with Ruth and Ken Pennington, September and October 1957. Metamorphosis 6 (1): 25-28. *SPEARMAN, L.A., ORFE, N.A., & WEINTRAUB, J.D. 2000. An annotated list of the butterfly fauna of Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea). Transactions of the American Entomological Society (Philadelphia) 126 (3-4): 447-475. *SPILLER, A.J. 1884. Description of a Pieris new to science – Pieris spilleri Mihi. Entomologist 17: 62-63. STALLINGS, D.B. 1980. Harry Kendon Clench: a remembrance. Journal of the Lepidopterist’s Society 34 (2): 101-102. *STAUDE, H. 1995. Editorial. Metamorphosis 6 (2): 49. *STAUDE, H.[S.] 2006. President’s Comments. Metamorphosis 17 (1): 2-5. *STAUDE, H.S., & CURLE, A.I. 1997. A classification of visual signals emanating from the wings of Afrotropical Lepidoptera. Metamorphosis Occasional Supplement No.3: 156-182. *STAUDE, H.S., & JOANNOU, J.G. 1993. Breeder’s Catalogue. Metamorphosis 4 (2): 87-88. *STAUDE, H.S., MECENERO, S., OBERPRIELER, R., SHARP, A., SHARP, I., WILLIAMS, M.C. & MACLEAN, M. 2016. An illustrated report on the larvae and adults of 962 African Lepidoptera species. Results of the Caterpillar Rearing Group: a novel, collaborative method of rearing and recording lepidopteran life-histories. Metamorphosis 27: 46-59. *STAUDE, H.S., MECENERO, S., OBERPRIELER, R., SHARP, A., SHARP, I., WILLIAMS,

212 M.C. & MACLEAN, M. 2016. Supplementary material to: An illustrated report on the larvae and adults of 962 African Lepidoptera species. Results of the Caterpillar Rearing Group: a novel, collaborative method of rearing and recording lepidopteran life-histories. Metamorphosis 27: S1-S100. STAUDINGER, O. 1860. Pieris Kreuperi. Ein neuer europaischer Tagfalter. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 4: 19-20. *STAUDINGER, O. 1889. Einige neue Cymothoe-Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 50: 412-422. STAUDINGER, O. 1889. Zwei neue afrikanische Lycaeniden. Entomologische Nachrichten. Dresden 15: 176-180. STAUDINGER, O. 1890. Bemerkungen zu den Tafeln III und IV. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 3: 337-338. STAUDINGER, O. 1891. Neue exotische Lepidopteren. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 61-157. STAUDINGER, O. 1892a. Neue afrikanische Lycaeniden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 4: 215-223. STAUDINGER, O. 1892b. Zwei neue Charaxes-Arten. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 5: 260-264. STAUDINGER, O. 1892c. Ueber die Arten der Palla Decius - Gruppe. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 5: 264-268. STAUDINGER, O. 1893. Bemerkungen zu den Abbildungen. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 6: 83-86. STAUDINGER, O. 1894a. Ueber Namens-Aenderungen. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 6: 368-369. STAUDINGER, O. 1894b. Neue Lepidopteren-Arten und Varietaten aus dem palaarktischen Faunengebeit. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 7: 241-296. STAUDINGER, O. 1896a. Neue exotischer Tagfalter. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 8: 366-379. STAUDINGER, O. 1896b. Neue exotischer Tagfalter. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 9: 193-240. STAUDINGER, O. 1897a. Drei neue palaarktische Lepidopteren. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 10: 152-156. STAUDINGER, O. 1897b. Einige neue Tagfalterarten und Varietaten. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 10: 344-360. STAUDINGER, O. 1899. Eine neue Cymothoe. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 12: 164- 167. STAUDINGER, O., & SCHATZ, E. 1884-1888. Exotische Schmetterlinge 1: vi + 1-333. Bayern. STAUDINGER, O., & SCHATZ, E. 1885-1892. Exotische Schmetterlinge 2: [v] + [ii] + 1-282 + [2]. Bayern. STAVENGA, D.G., HARIYAMA, T., & ARIKAWA, K. 2000. Spectral characteristics and regionalization of the eye of the satyrid Bicyclus anynana. Proceedings of the Section Experimental and Applied Entomology of the Netherlands Entomological Society 11: 77-82. *STEELE, W. 1991a. Report on the 1990 Conference. Metamorphosis 2 (1): 22-26. *STEELE, W. 1991. Survey of butterflies, Port St Johns, April 1991. Metamorphosis 2 (3): 13-16. *STEELE, W. 1997. An identification list for lepidopterists visiting Madagascar. Metamorphosis 8 (1): 33-42. *STEELE, W. 1998. More observations and thoughts on Pieris brassicae and its invasion of South Africa. Metamorphosis 9 (3): 128-130. STEENKAMP, C., & STEIN, R. 1999. The Brenton Blue saga – a case study of South African biodiversity conservation. Endangered Wildlife Trust/Nedbank/Danish co-operation for

213 Environment and Development. Johannesburg. [Orachrysops niobe] [#book] STEER, M.D., VATER, A. & McCANN-WOOD, S. 2009. The effect of forest degradation on the species richness and diversity of a diurnal Lepidoptera community in northern Madagascar. Frontier Madagascar Environmental Research Report 22: i-ix, 1-20. *STEFANESCU, C., PARAMO, F., AKESSON, S., ALARCON, M., AVILA, A., BRERETON, T., CARNICER, J., CASSAR, L.F., FOX, R., HELIOLA, J., HILL, J.K., HIRNEISEN, N., KJELLEN, N., KUHN, E., KUUSSAARI, M., LESKINEN, M., LIECHTI, F., MUSCHE, M., REGAN, E.C., REYNOLDS, D.R., ROY, D.B., RYRHOLM, N., SCHMALJOHANN, H., SETTELE, J., THOMAS, C.D., VAN SWAAY, C. & CHAPMAN, J.W. 2013. Multi-generational long-distance migration of insects: studying the painted lady butterfly in the Western Palaearctic. Ecography 36 (4): 474-486. Abstract: Long-range, seasonal migration is a widespread phenomenon among insects, allowing them to track and exploit abundant but ephemeral resources over vast geographical areas. However, the basic patterns of how species shift across multiple locations and seasons are unknown in most cases, even though migrant species comprise an important component of the temperate-zone biota. The painted lady butterfly Vanessa cardui is such an example; a cosmopolitan continuously- brooded species which migrates each year between Africa and Europe, sometimes in enormous numbers. The migration of 2009 was one of the most impressive recorded, and thousands of observations were collected through citizen science programmes and systematic entomological surveys, such as high altitude insect-monitoring radar and ground-based butterfly monitoring schemes. Here we use V. cardui as a model species to better understand insect migration in the Western Palaearctic, and we capitalise on the complementary data sources available for this iconic butterfly. The migratory cycle in this species involves six generations, encompassing a latitudinal shift of thousands of kilometres (up to 60 degrees of latitude). The cycle comprises an annual poleward advance of the populations in spring followed by an equatorward return movement in autumn, with returning individuals potentially flying thousands of kilometres. We show that many long- distance migrants take advantage of favourable winds, moving downwind at high elevation (from some tens of metres from the ground to altitudes over 1000 m), pointing at strong similarities in the flight strategies used by V. cardui and other migrant Lepidoptera. Our results reveal the highly successful strategy that has evolved in these insects, and provide a useful framework for a better understanding of long-distance seasonal migration in the temperate regions worldwide. STEIGENGA, M.J. & FISCHER, K. 2007a. Ovarian dynamics, egg size, and egg number in relation to temperature and mating status in a butterfly. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 125 (2): 195-203. [Bicyclus anynana]. STEIGENGA, M.J. & FISCHER, K. 2007b. Within- and between-generation effects of temperature on life-history traits in a butterfly. Journal of Thermal Biology 32 (7-8): 396- 405. [Bicyclus anynana]. STEIGENGA, M.J. & FISCHER, K. 2009. Fitness consequences of variation in developmental temperature in a butterfly. Journal of Thermal Biology 34 (5): 244-249. [Bicyclus anynana]. STEIGENGA, M.J., ZWAAN, B.J., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., & FISCHER, K. 2005. The evolutionary genetics of egg size plasticity in a butterfly. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 18 (2): 281-289. [Bicyclus anynana] STEMPFFER, H. 1935. Lepidoptera 1. Lycaenidae. Sur les especes du genre Syntarucus Butler. Mission Scientifique de l’Omo 2: 219-240. Paris. STEMPFFER, H. 1936a. Contribution a l’etude des Lycenides de l’Afrique Orientale. Revue Francaise d’Entomologie 3: 134-142. STEMPFFER, H. 1936b. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae ethiopiens. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 41: 283-284. STEMPFFER, H. 1943. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae de la faune ethiopienne. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 111 (1942): 117-134. STEMPFFER, H. 1944. Contribution a l’etude des especes Africaines du groupe des Lycaenesthes Auct. Revue Francaise d’Entomologie 10: 49-64. STEMPFFER, H. 1946. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae de la faune ethiopienne. Revue Francaise d’Entomologie 13: 8-19. STEMPFFER, H. 1947a. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae de la faune ethiopienne. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 52: 35-41. STEMPFFER, H. 1947b. Description d’un Lycenide nouveau de Madagascar. Revue Francaise d’Entomologie 14: 139-140. [Euchrysops decaryi sp. n.]

214 STEMPFFER, H. 1947c. Note sur les Ornipholidotos du groupe de muhata Dewitz (Lepid. Lycaenidae). Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 40: 165-174. [O. gabonensis (Gabon); O. ugandae (Uganda); O. katangae (Katanga); O. overlaeti (Belgian Congo = Democratic Republic of Congo)] STEMPFFER, H. 1948. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae de la faune ethiopienne. Revue Francaise d’Entomologie 15: 185-196. STEMPFFER, H. 1949. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae de la faune ethiopienne. Ann. Soc. Ent. France 114: 77-84. [Synonymizes L. loveni with L. parsimon] STEMPFFER, H. 1950a. Description d’un Lycene nouveau de la Faune Malgache. Naturaliste Malgache 2: 131-133. STEMPFFER, H. 1950b Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae de la faune ethiopienne. Revue Francaise d’Entomologie 17: 135-149. STEMPFFER, H. 1950c. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae du Liberia. Bulletin de la l’Institut Francaise d’Afrique Noire 12: 402-407. STEMPFFER, H. 1950d. Contribution a l’etude de ‘Air (Mission L. Choppard et A. Villiers). Lepidopteres Lycaenidae. Memoires de la l’Institut Francaise d’Afrique Noire No. 10: 167- 170. STEMPFFER, H. 1950e. Contribution a l’etude de ‘Air (Mission L. Choppard et A. Villiers) Lepidopteres Lycaenidae. Memoires de la l’Institut Francaise d’Afrique Noire No. 10: 269- 270. STEMPFFER, H. 1951a. Description de quelques Lycaenidae [Lep.] nouveaux de la faune ethiopienne. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 56: 66-71. STEMPFFER, H. 1951b. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae de la faune ethiopienne. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 56: 119-128. STEMPFFER, H. 1952a. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae [Lep.] de la faune ethiopienne. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 57: 114-121. STEMPFFER, H. 1952b. Mission A. Villiers au Togo et au Dahomey (1950) XI. Lepidopteres Lycaenidae. Bulletin de la l’Institut Francaise d’Afrique Noire 14: 184-190. STEMPFFER, H. 1953a. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae de l’Afrique Equatoriale. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge (8) (Sciences zoologiques) 27: 7-48. STEMPFFER, H. 1953b. La Reserve Naturelle Integrale du Mt Nimba. Fasc. I. IX Lepidopteres Lycaenidae. Memoires de la l’Institut Francaise d’Afrique Noire (19): 145-149. STEMPFFER, H. 1954a. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae de la faune ethiopienne [Lep.]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 59: 88-93. STEMPFFER, H. 1954b. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae de la faune ethiopienne. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 59: 104-112. STEMPFFER, H. 1954c. A revision of the genus Aphnaeus Hubner. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 105: 493-527. STEMPFFER, H. 1954d. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae de l’Afrique Equatoriale. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge (8) (Sciences zoologiques) 27: 1-48. STEMPFFER, H. 1954e. La Reserve Naturelle Integrale du Mt Nimba. Fasc. II. XXVIII Lepidopteres Lycaenides (2e note). Memoires de la l’Institut Francaise d’Afrique Noire (40): 347-354. STEMPFFER, H. 1954f. Étude sur la répartition géographique des Lycaenidae à Madagascar. Memoires de la l’Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, série E 5: 219-237. STEMPFFER, H. 1954g. Considerations sommaires sur le genre Pseuderesia Butler (Lepid. Lycaenidae). Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, ser. In 4, (Sciences Zoologiques) n.s. vol. 1: 523-525. [genitalia of Pseuderesia] STEMPFFER, H. 1956a. Contribution a l’etude des Lepidopteres Lycaenidae de l’Afrique equatoriale. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge (8) (Sciences Zoologiques) 49: 1-54. STEMPFFER, H. 1956b. Le Parc National du Niokolo-Koba. XI. Un nouveau Lycaenidae

215 (Lepidoptera). Memoires de la l’Institut Francaise d’Afrique Noire (48): 207-208. STEMPFFER, H. 1957a. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae de la faune ethiopienne. Bulletin de la l’Institut Francaise d’Afrique Noire (A) 19: 209-227. STEMPFFER, H. 1957b. Les Lepidopteres de l’Afrique Noire Francaise. Initiations Africaines. Dakar No. 14 (Fasc. 3 Lycaenides): 1-228. STEMPFFER, H. 1961a. Contribution a l’etude des Lepidopteres Lycaenidae de l’Afrique equatoriale. Annales. Musee de l’Afrique Centrale (8) 94: 1-73. STEMPFFER, H. 1961b. Complement a la revision des genres du groupe des Iolaus (Lep. Lycaenidae). Bulletin de la l’Institut Francaise d’Afrique Noire (A) 23: 88-101. STEMPFFER, H. 1962. Contribution a l’etude des lepidopteres Lycaenidae d’Afrique tropicale et equatoriale. Bulletin de la l’Institut Francaise d’Afrique Noire (A) 24: 1135-1181. STEMPFFER, H. 1963a. Contribution a l’etude de la faune de la basse Casamance III, Lepidopteres Lycaenides. Bulletin de la l’Institut Francaise d’Afrique Noire (A) 25: 954- 964. STEMPFFER, H. 1963b. La Reserve Naturelle Integrale du Mt Nimba. Fasc. V. XX Lepidopteres Lycaenidae (Troisieme note). Memoires de la l’Institut Francaise d’Afrique Noire (66): 423- 427. STEMPFFER, H. 1964. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae d’Afrique tropicale et equatoriale. Bulletin de la l’Institut Francaise d’Afrique Noire (A) 26: 1226-1287. STEMPFFER, H. 1965. Contribution a la faune du Congo (Brazzaville) Mission A. Villiers et A. Descarpentries XVI. Lepidopteres Lycaenides. Bulletin de la l’Institut Francaise d’Afrique Noire (A) 27: 1449-1465. STEMPFFER, H. 1966. Liste des Lepidopteres Lycaenidae de Cote d’Ivoire actuellement connus. Bulletin de la l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 28: 1554-1586. STEMPFFER, H. 1967a. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae d’Afrique tropicale et equatoriale. Bulletin de la l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 29: 978-1000. *STEMPFFER, H. 1967b. The genera of the African Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) Supplement 10: 1-332. STEMPFFER, H. 1968. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae de la faune ethiopienne. Bulletin de la l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 30: 200-204. STEMPFFER, H. 1969a. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae de la faune ethiopienne. Bulletin de la l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 31: 87-101. STEMPFFER, H. 1969b. Liste des Lepidopteres Lycaenidae de Cote d’Ivoire actuellement connus (2e note). Bulletin de la l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 31: 927-950. STEMPFFER, H. 1970a. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae de la faune ethiopienne. Bulletin de la l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 32: 767-772. STEMPFFER, H. 1970b. Contribution a la faune du Gabon. Mission A. Villiers 1969 Lepidopteres Lycaenidae. Bulletin de la l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire (A) 32: 1062-1067. STEMPFFER, H. 1971a. Un Lepidochrysops nouveau de Madagascar. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 76: 207-209. STEMPFFER, H. 1971b. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae d’Afrique occidentale. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 76: 266-268. STEMPFFER, H. 1972. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae d’Afrique orientale (Lep.). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 77 (7-8): 250-252. STEMPFFER, H. 1973a. Description d’une nouvelle espece d’Harpendyreus d’Afrique orientale (Lep. Lycaenidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 78 (5-6): 223-225. STEMPFFER, H. 1973b. Lycaenidae du Territoire francais des Afars et des Issars (Lep.). Bulletin Soc. Ent. Fr. 78 (9-10): 336. STEMPFFER, H. 1976. Mission entomologique de Musee Royal de l’Afrique Centrale aux Monts

216 Uluguru, Tanzanie. 17. Lepidoptera Lycaenidae. Revue Zoologique Africaine 90 (2): 343- 353. *STEMPFFER, H., & BENNETT, N. H. 1953. A revision of the genus Teriomima Kirby (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 3: 77-104. STEMPFFER, H., & BENNETT, N. [H.] 1956a. Contribution a l’etude des Lycaenidae du Liberia. Bulletin de la l’Institut Francais d’Afrique Noire (A) 18: 500-513. STEMPFFER, H., & BENNETT, N. H. 1956b. Notes on the South African genus Cnodontes. Entomologist 89: 114-116. STEMPFFER, H., & BENNETT, N. [H.] 1958. Revision des genres appartenant au groupe des Iolaus (Lep. Lycaenidae). (Premiere Partie). Bulletin de la l’Institut Francais d’Afrique Noire (A) 20: 1243-1347. STEMPFFER, H., & BENNETT, N. ]H.] 1959. Revision des genres appartenant au groupe des Iolaus (Lep. Lycaenidae). (Deuxieme Partie). Bulletin de la l’Institut Francais d’Afrique Noire (A) 21: 227-325. STEMPFFER, H., & BENNETT, N. H. 1961. Revision du genre Pentila Westwood (Lep. Lycaenidae). Bulletin de la l’Institut Francais d’Afrique Noire (A) 23: 1098-1211. *STEMPFFER, H., & BENNETT, N. H. 1963. A new genus of Lipteninae (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 13: 171-194. *STEMPFFER, H., & BENNETT, N. H. 1965. A revision of the genus Micropentila Aurivillius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 15: 397-434. *STEMPFFER, H., & BENNETT, N.H., & MAY, S.J. 1974. A revision of some groups of Liptena Westwood (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology) 30 (2): 107-181. STEMPFFER, H., & JACKSON, T.H.E. 1962. A note on the Rhopalocera of Bugalla Island, Sesse Isles, Uganda. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 31: 33- 37. STENSETH, N.C. 1985. A new hypothesis for explaining the maintenance of the all-female broods in the African butterfly Acraea encedon. Hereditas (Lund) 103 (2): 205-209. *STEPHEN, R.D. 1994. A trip to Malawi. Metamorphosis 5 (1): 28-30. *STEPHEN, R.[D.] 1998. Remembering Arthur J. Duke and Neville J. Duke. Metamorphosis 9 (1): 23-32. STEVENSON, R.H.R. 1934. New South African butterflies. Occasional Papers of the Rhodesia Museum 1 (3): 10-17. STEVENSON, R.H.R. 1937. Lycaenidae of the northern and north-eastern parts of the South African subregion. Occasional Papers of the National Museum of Southern Rhodesia 1 (6): 14-48. STEVENSON, R.H.R. 1939. On a variety of Lepidochrysops glauca Trimen, together with notes on the genus Lepidochrysops (Lepid., Lycaenidae). Proceedings and Transactions of the Rhodesia Scientific Association 37: 41-42. *STEVENSON, R.H.R. 1940. Notes on some new and rare lepidoptera from South Africa, with special reference to Southern Rhodesia. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 3: 88-108. STICHEL, [H.] 1903. Nachrichten aus dem Berliner Entomologischen Verein. Sitzgung vom 19. Marz 1903. Insektenborse 20: 164-165. STICHEL, H. 1938. Nymphalidae I: Subfam.: Dioninae, Anetiinae. In: BRYK, F. Lepidopterorum Catalogus 30 (86): 1-374. s’Gravenhage. STICHEL, H. 1939a. Nymphalidae II: Subfam.: Charaxidinae. In: BRYK, F. Lepidopterorum Catalogus 30 (91): 375-542. s’Gravenhage.

217 STICHEL, H. 1939b. Nymphalidae III: Subfam.: Charaxidinae II. In: BRYK, F. Lepidopterorum Catalogus 30 (93): 543-794. s’Gravenhage. ST-LEGER, R.G.T. 1965. The larger butterflies of the Obudu Plateau. Nigerian Field 30: 69-81. ST-LEGER, R.G.T. 1969. The butterfly genera Euptera and Pseudathyma in Nigeria. A possible new species from the Obudu Plateau. Nigerian Field 34: 76-81. ST-LEGER, R.G.T. 1984. The distribution of the butterfly sub-family Charaxidinae in Nigeria. Nigerian Field 49 (1-4): 53-75. ST-LEGER, R.G.T. 1989. The butterfly genus Euphaedra in Nigeria. Nigerian Field 54: 107-122. ST-LEGER, R.G.T. 1995. The genus Euriphene (Diestogyna) in Nigeria (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 95 (1) (Tome I): 42. STOCKLEY, C.H. 1949. Lower Tana collection of butterflies 1948. Nature in East Africa series 2 no. 1: 7-8 (May 1949). *STOLL, C. [1780-1782]. Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waerelddeelen Asia, Africa en America 4 [part]: 29-252 [completion of work begun by Cramer, P.]. Amsteldam & Utrecht. [#book] *STOLL, C. [1787-1790]. Die Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie waerelddeelen Asia, Africa en America [supplement]: viii + 1-184. Amsterdam. [#book] STONEHAM, H.F. 1931a. A new form of Papilio nobilis, Rghfr., from Kenya Colony. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (1): 1 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1931b. A new form of Papilio philonoe, Ward, from Kenya Protectorate. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (2): 1 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1931c. A new form of Papilio constantinus, Ward, from Kenya. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (3): 1 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1931d. A new species of Charaxes, O., from Kenya Colony. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (5): 2 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1931e. A new form of Charaxes castor, Cram., from Kenya Colony. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (6): 1 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1931f. A new form of Charaxes numenes, Hew., from Kenya Colony. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (7): 1 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1932a. A new form of Belenois victoria, Dixey, from Kenya Colony. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (8): 1 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1932b. Two new races of Charaxes pollux, Cr., from Kenya, British East Africa. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (9): 2 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1932c. Notes on the forms of Euphaedra eleus, Drury, occurring in Kenya Colony. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (10): 3 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1932d. Notes on the male forms of Papilio dardanus, Brown, occurring in Kenya and Uganda, British East Africa. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (13): 3 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1933. Notes on the female forms of Papilio dardanus, Brown, occurring in Kenya and Uganda. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (15): 3 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1934a. New species of Lycaenidae, Leach., from Kenya Colony, British East Africa. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (17): 3 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1934b. Notes on the female forms of Papilio dardanus, Brown, occurring in Kenya and Uganda, British East Africa. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (19): 3 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1934c. Some melanistic forms of Lepidoptera occurring in British East Africa. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (20): 2 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1935a. A species of Euphaedra, Hbn., from Kenya Colony new to science. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (23): 1 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1935b. New forms of Euryphura, etc., from Uganda Protectorate and Kenya Colony, Brithish East and Central Africa. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (25): 2 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1936a. Variation in African lepidoptera, being notes on the Acraeae

218 [Acraeinae]; Part I., new forms of Acraea althoffi, Dew. From Uganda. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (27): 3 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1936b. Variation in African Lepidoptera, and new species and forms of African Acraeae [Acraeinae]. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (28): 2 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1936c. Notes on Charaxes, O., from Kenya and Uganda, Brit. E. Africa. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (29): 3 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1936d. Description of a new butterfly of the genus Papilio from western Uganda Protectorate. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (30): 2 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1937a. New forms of butterflies of the genus Acraea F.. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (32): 3 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1937b. New forms of butterflies of the genus Mylothris Hbu [Hubner]. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (33): 2 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1937c. Notes on African Lycaenidae, and new forms. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (34): 3 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1938. Notes on African Lycaenidae, and some new forms. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (36): 3 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1939. Notes on the African genus Colotis, Hubnr. (Teracolus Swin.) and some new forms. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (38): 4 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1940. Notes on the African genus Colotis, Hubnr. (Teracolus Swin.) and some new forms. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (40): 4 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1943a. Variation in African lepidoptera. New species, races and forms of African Acraeae [Acraeinae]. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (45): 4 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1943b. New forms of lepidoptera of the sub-family Charaxidinae, from East Africa. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (46): 2 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1944. Notes on African Papilionidae and descriptions of new forms. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (48): 3 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1951-1965. The butterflies of western Kenya with notes on allied forms. Stoneham Museum Publications, Nairobi. (1-180; 11 parts, published in a limited edition of five fascicles). [#book] STONEHAM, H.F. 1956. Further notes on the forms of Euphaedra eleus, Drury, and descriptions of new races and forms. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (66): 3 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1957a. New subspecies and forms of Pieridae. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (68): 4 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1957b. New subspecies and forms of Pieridae. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (69): 4 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1957c. Two new generic names, and new subspecies and forms of Pieridae. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (70): 3 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1958. New forms of African Danaidae. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (71): 3 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1960. New forms of Charaxes jasius, L. 1775. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (73): 3 pp. STONEHAM, H.F. 1965. New subspecies and forms of African Lepidoptera. Bulletin of the Stoneham Museum (81): 3 pp. STORACE, L. 1947a. Descrizione di una nuova forma di Pentila peucetia Hew. dell’Afrique orientale. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (di Genova) Giacomo Doria 63: 77- 78. STORACE, L. 1947b. Papilio dardanus antinorii Oberth. forma vacaroi nova. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (di Genova) Giacomo Doria 63: 116-119. STORACE, L. 1948a. Descrizione de una nuove forme Africane del Gen. Charaxes O. (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (di Genova)

219 Giacomo Doria 63: 132-141. STORACE, L. 1948b. Descrizione di nuove forme di Pieridae dell’Africa Orientale. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (di Genova) Giacomo Doria 63: 263-265. STORACE, L. 1948c. Quelques observations sur l’exerge antinorii Oberthur de Papilio dardanus Brown. Lambillionea 48: 65-73. STORACE, L. 1949. Lepidotteri diurni. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (di Genova) Giacomo Doria 64: 12-29. STORACE, L. 1950a. La sottospecie Abissina di Euchrysops mauensis Bethunie-Baker (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Doriana 1 (7): 2 pp. STORACE, L. 1950b. Osservazioni su alcuni specie di Charaxidinae [Charaxinae] (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Doriana 1 (2): 8 pp. STORACE, L. 1951-1952. Recherches sur le groupe africain de Papilio nireus L. Lambillionea 51: 44-52; 54-57; 73-76; 52: 9-11; 14-20; 30-35; 75-76. STORACE, L. 1952. Osseroazioni su Papilio aethiops R. & J. e Papilio nireus pseudonireus Felder, con descrizioni di nuove forme. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (di Genova) Giacomo Doria 66: 33-52. STORACE, L. 1953a. Su alcune Lycaenidae Abissine del Museo di Genova (Lepidoptera). Doriana 1 (35): 4 pp. STORACE, L. 1953b. Ropaloceri dell’Africa orientale. I-II (Lepidoptera, Diurna). Doriana 1 (38): 8 pp. STORACE, L. 1953c. Ropaloceri dell’Africa Orientale, III su alcune Pieridae dell’Africa Orientale de Museo di Genova. Doriana 1 (46): 7 pp. STORACE, L. 1953d. Appunti critici su alcuni Graphiini Africani. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (di Genova) Giacomo Doria 66: 252-264. STORACE, L. 1954. Ropaloceri dell’Africa orientale – IV sulla validitá di Anthene butleri (Obth.) e sue razze (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (di Genova) Giacomo Doria 66: 313-323. STORACE, L. 1955a. Viaggio in Rhodesia del Prof. Lidio Cipriani, Lepidotter diurni. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 85: 46-52. STORACE, L. 1955b. Su alcune Papilionidae Africane, con descrizioni di nuove forme (Lepidoptera, Diurna). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 33: 120-137. STORACE, L. 1956a. Ropaloceri dell’Africa orientale. VIII Su alcune Pieridae, con descrizioni di nouve forme. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (di Genova) Giacomo Doria 68: 335-350. STORACE, L. 1956b. Note sul Papilio demodocus Esper (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. nat., Genoa 68: 127-142. [Catalogue of named races and forms] STORACE, L. 1961. Descrizione di nouve razze del Gen. Papilio L. provenienti dall’Africa Centrale (Lepidoptera, Diurna). Doriana 3 (115): 3 pp. STORACE, L. 1962a. L’Eserge antinorii Oberthür di Papilio dardanus Brown. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 92: 68-73. STORACE, L. 1962b. Ropaloceri dell’Africa orientale IX. Le popolazioni nord-orientali di Papilio dardanus antinorii Obthr. Doriana 3 (120): 4 pp. STORACE, L. 1963a. Le forme individuali di Papilio demodocus Esper 1798 = L. 1764. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 92: 102-104. STORACE, L. 1963b. Note sul Papilio dardanus antinorii Oberthür, con descrizione di 8 Homotypi e d’una aberrazione Femminile inedita. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 93: 21-30. STORACE, L. 1963c. Osservazioni sul Papilio hesperus Westwood. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 42: 98-101. STORACE, L. 1965. A new subspecies of Papilio phorcas Cramer (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae).

220 Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society and National Museum 25 (1): 71-73. STORACE, L. 1992. Deux explications sur l'exerge antinorii Ob. de Papilio dardanus Brown. Lambillionea 92 (2): 161. *STORK, N.E., SRIVASTAVA, D.S., WATT, A.D., & LARSEN, T.B. 2003. Butterfly diversity and silvicultural practice in lowland rainforests of Cameroon. Biodiversity and Conservation 12 (3): 387-410. [PDF file on CD 1] STRAND, E. 1904. Neue afrikanische Pieriden und Nymphaliden, Gesamelt von Herrn Prof. Dr. J. Vosseler. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 4: 219-220; 226-227. STRAND, E. 1909a. Lepidoptera von Ober-Guinea und Sudan, gesammelt von Herrn Leo Frobenius. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 75 (1.3.): 303-311. STRAND, E. 1909b. Uber einige Schmetterlinge aus Kibwesi in Britisch Ost-Afrika, nebst Bemerkungen uber afrikanishe Beralade-Arten. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 75 (1.3.): 367- 386. STRAND, E. 1909c. Mylothris ruandana Strand. Societas Entomologica 24: 42-43. STRAND, E. 1909d. Lepidoptera aus Deutsch-Ostafrika gesammelt von Herrn Oberleutnant Wintgens. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 22: 104-121. STRAND, E. 1909e. Lepidoptera aus Deutsch-Ost.-Afrika gesammelt von Herrn Dr. C. Uhlig. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 3: 128-130. STRAND, E. 1909f. Zur Kenntnis afrikanischer Ypthima-Arten auf Grund des im Berliner Museum vorhandenen Materials. Entomologische Zeitschrift. Frankfurt a.M. 23: 112-114. STRAND, E. 1909g. Zur Kenntnis afrikanisher Lycaenesthes-Arten. Entomologische Zeitschrift. Frankfurt a.M. 23: 124-127. STRAND, E. 1910a Verzeichnis der von Herrn Oberleutnant F. Reuter an der Dume-Mundung in Kamerun gesammelten und dem Kgl. zoologischen Museum in Berlin gescheckten Lepidopteren. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 29: 29-35. STRAND, E. 1910b. Neue Tagfalter-Formen aus Usambara gesammelt von Herrn Prof. Dr. J. Vosseler. Societas Entomologica 25: 5-6. STRAND, E. 1911a. Neue Grosschmetterlinge aus Abyssinien. Entomologische Rundschau 28: 137-141. STRAND, E. 1911b. Apallaga separata Strand, n.g. n.sp. Hesperiidarum. Entomologische Rundschau 28: 143-144. STRAND, E. 1911c. Zoologische Ergebnisse der Expedition des Herrn Hauptman a, D. Fromm 1908/09 nach Deutsch-Ostafrika. 1. Lepidoptera. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 5: 275-304. STRAND, E. 1911d. Danaididae, Satyridae und Lycaenidae aus Usambara, gesammelt von Herrn Prof. Dr. J. Vosseler. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 77: 190-198. STRAND, E. 1911e. Neue afrikanische Pieriden und Nymphalididen. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 4: 219-220, 226-227 [this is same as ref for Strand, 1904]. STRAND, E. 1911f. Die im Berliner Museum vorhandenen Ludia und Holocera Arten, nebst beschreibungen weiterer von Prof. Dr. J. Vosseler gesammelter afrikanischer Grosschmetterlinge. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 25: 110-121. *STRAND, E. 1911g. Beschreibungen afrikanisher Lepidoptera aus der Sammlung des Stettiner Museums. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 72: 369-377. STRAND, E. 1911h. Beschreibungen afrikanisher Lepidopteren inbesondere Striphopterygiden. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 55: 145-164. STRAND, E. 1912a. Tagfalter und Schwarmer aus Abyssinien, gesammelt von Herrn A. Kostlan. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 77 (1.4. Supplementhefte): 87-94. STRAND, E. 1912b. Westafrikanische Lepidoptera der Familien Danaididae, Satyrinae, Nymphalididae, Notodontidae und Drepanidae. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 77 (1.4. Supplementhefte): 107-123.

221 STRAND, E. 1912c. Uber Lepidoptera aus Mkatta und Morogoro in Deutsch Ost-Afrika, nebst Beitragen zur Kenntnis afrikanischer Taragama-Arten. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 78 (A.1.): 67-92. STRAND, E. 1912d. Exotisch - Lepidopterologisches. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 78 (A.9.): 143- 158. STRAND, E. 1912e. Lepidoptera aus Kamerun, gesammelt von Herrn Ingenieur E. Hintz. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 78 (A.2.): 136-141. STRAND, E. 1912f. Zoologische Ergebnisse der Expedition des Herrn G. Tessmann nach Sud- Kamerun und Spanisch-Guinea. Lepidoptera. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 78 (A.9.): 92-111. STRAND, E. 1913a. Zoologische Ergebnisse der Expedition des Herrn G. Tessmann nach Sud- Kamerun und Spanisch-Guinea. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 78 (A.12.): 30-84. STRAND, E. 1913b. Weitere Schmetterlinge aus Kamerun, gesammelt von Herrn Ingenieur E. Hintz. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 78 (A.12.): 121-131. STRAND, E. 1913c. Zoologische Ergebnisse der Expedition des Herrn G. Tessmann nach Sud- Kamerun und Spanisch-Guinea. Lepidoptera. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 79 (A.2.): 10-26. STRAND, E. 1913d. Tagfalter aus Deutsch Ost-Afrika, gesammelt von Herrn Prof. Dr. Hans Meyer. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 79 (A.2.): 171-175. STRAND, E. 1913e. Neue Papilio Formen aus Kamerun. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 79 (A.3.): 17- 18. STRAND, E. 1913f. Ein neuer afrikanischer Papilio. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 79 (A.3.): 42-43. STRAND, E. 1913g. Zoologische Ergebnisse der Expedition des Herrn G. Tessmann nach Sud- Kamerun und Spanisch-Guinea. Lepidoptera. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 79 (A.7.): 138-151. STRAND, E. 1913h. Uber zwei Rhopaloceren aus Kongo. Revue de Zoologie Africaine 2: 479-481. STRAND, E. 1913i. Eine neue afrikanische Acraea=Form. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 79 (A.6.): 112-113. STRAND, E. 1914a. Lepidoptera Niepeltiana [1]: 1-64. STRAND, E. 1914b. Zoologische Ergebnisse der Expedition des Herrn G. Tessmann nach Sud- Kamerun und Spanisch-Guinea. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 79 (A.12.): 97-144. STRAND, E. 1914c. Neue Lepidoptera aus Kamerun. Gesammelt von Herrn Leutnant v. Rothkirch und Panthen. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 80 (A.1.): 41-49. STRAND, E. 1914d. Lepidoptera aus Kamerun. Gesammelt von Herrn Leutnant von Rothkirch und Panthen. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 80 (A.2.): 139-161. STRAND, E. 1914e. Zur Kenntnis des afrikanischen Papilio antheus (Cr.) Westw.. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 8: 3-4, 10. STRAND, E. 1915a. Lepidoptera aus Bonaberi in Kamerun gesammelt van Herrn E. Hintz [continuation]. Entomologische Mitteilungen 4: 173-194. STRAND, E. 1915b. Lepidoptera aus Ober-Aegypten und dem Aegyptischen Sudan. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 80 (A.10.): 95-112. STRAND, E. 1916-1918. Lepidoptera Niepeltiana 2: [i-vi], 1-26 (1916); 1-4 (1918). STRAND, E. 1917. Lepidoptera. In: VOELTZKOW, A. Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren 1903- 1905 3: 466-472. STRAND, E. 1918. Ueber einige Lepidopteren der Familien Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae, Syntomididae und Sphingidae aus Belgisch Kongo. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 12: 101-104. STRAND, E. 1920. Bemerkunge uber einige exotische Grosschmetterlinge. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 19: 146-152. STRAND, E. 1921. Systematisch-faunistische Beitrage zur Kenntnis exotischer Heterocera und Grypocera aus Grund von Material des Deutschen Entomologischen Museums. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 86 (A.7.): 113-171. STRIDE, G. 1956. On the courtship behavior of Hypolimnas misippus, with notes on the mimetic

222 association with Danaus chrysippus. British Journal of Animal Behaviour 4: 52-68. STRIDE, G.O. 1957. Investigations into the courtship behaviour of the male of Hypolimnas misippus L. (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) with special reference to the role of visual stimuli. British Journal of Animal Behaviour 4: 153-167. STRITZKE, K., SCHULZ, S., & BOPPRE, M. 2003. Niaviolides, new macrocyclic sesquiterpenes secreted by males of the African butterfly Amauris niavius. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 7: 1337-1342. STRUCK, M. 1994a. Flowers and their insect visitors in the arid winter rainfall region of southern Africa: observations on permanent plots. Composition of the anthophilous insect fauna. Journal of Arid Environments 28 (1): 45-50. STRUCK, M. 1994b. Flowers and their insect visitors in the arid winter rainfall region of southern Africa: observations on permanent plots. Journal of Arid Environments 28 (1): 51-74. STYLES, L. 1992. Indigenous is best. WBC News No. 158: 15. (Acraea horta). SUFFERT, E. 1900. Eine neue Aberration des Danaus dorippus Klug aus Deutsch-Ostafrika. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 45: 115-116. SUFFERT, E. 1904a. Neue afrikanisches Tagfalter aus dem Kon. Zool. Museum, Berlin, und meiner Sammlung. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 17: 12-107. SUFFERT, E. 1904b Neue Nymphaliden aus Africa. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 17: 108-123. SUFFERT, E. 1904c. Neue Tagfalter aus Deutsch-Ost-Africa. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 17: 124-132. SUFFERT, E. 1904d. Eine neue Lycaenide aus Deutsche-Ostafrika. Insektenborse 21: 134. SUGIHARA, H., HASHIZUME, F., & RIVO-ROBINSON, A. 2000. On butterflies recorded from the tropical thorn thicket in south Madagascal [Madagascar] in 1998-1999 [In Japanese]. Science Report of the Research Institute of Evolutionary Biology 9: 275-282. SUNDUFU, A. & DUMBUYA, R. 2008. Habitat preferences of butterflies in the Bumbuna forest, Northern Sierra Leone. 17pp. Journal of Insect Science 8:64, available online: insectscience.org/8.64 SUTTON, S. 1975. Forest butterflies of Zaire. Wildlife, London 17 (8): 364-366. [Democratic Republic of Congo] SUZUKI, Y. 1978. Mate-avoiding behaviour in females of the small copper, Lycaena phlaeas daimio Seitz (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Tyo To Ga 29 (3): 129-138. SWAIN, V.M. & PRINSLOO, G.L. 1986. A list of phytophagous insects and mites on forest tree and shrubs in South Africa. Entomology Memoir Department Agriculture Water Supply Republic of South Africa 66: i–vi + 1–91. SWAINSON, W. 1820-1821. Zoological illustrations, or original figures and descriptions of new, rare or interesting animals selected chiefly from the classes of Ornithology, Entomology and Conchology (1) 1: [xxvii]. London. SWAINSON, W. 1832-1833. Zoological illustrations, or original figures and descriptions of new, rare or interesting animals selected chiefly from the classes of Ornithology, Entomology and Conchology (2) 3: [ix]. London. *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1941. My search for Leptoneura jansei (Lepidoptera). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 4: 176-179. *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1943. Observations on Alaena margaritacea Eltringham, a rare butterfly from the Wolkberg. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 6: 84-85. SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1948. A new species of Cupido (Lycaenidae) from the Eastern Transvaal. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 10: 193-195. *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1949. A new species of Cupido (Lycaenidae) from the Zoutpansberg. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 12: 123-125. [Lepidochrysops vansoni] *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1951. A new species of Cupido (Lycaenidae) from Basutoland. Journal of

223 the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 14: 57-59. [Lepidochrysops loewensteini] SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1953a. Butterflies of South Africa. Where, when and how they fly. 1-320. [#book] *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1953b. A new species of Thestor Hubner (Lepidoptera). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 16: 191-193. *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1962. Two new species of Lepidochrysops from the Transvaal (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 25: 291-294. *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1968. A new species of Thestor Hubner (Lepidoptera). Entomologist’s Journal and Record of Variation 80: 54. SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1969. Two new species of Lepidochrysops from the western Cape Province. Novos Taxa Entomologicos (64): 10 pp. *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1971. A new species of Lepidochrysops Hedicke (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from the Roggeveld Mountains of the Cape Province. Entomologist’s Journal and Record of Variation 83: 97-99. *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1975. A new species of Poecilmitis from the Roggeveldt mountains of the Cape Province (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 87 (4): 123-124. [Chrysoritis] *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1976. A new species of Poecilmitis Butler from the Drakensberg, Natal (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Annals of the Transvaal Museum 30 (12): 119-120. [Chrysoritis; South Africa]. *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1983a. Cyrestis camillus sublineatus – the conundrum. Metamorphosis 1 (2): 3-4. *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1983b. Butterflies in odd places. Metamorphosis 1 (3): 5-6. *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1984a. Aphnaeus hutchinsoni – from the D.A. Swanepoel 1978 memoirs. Metamorphosis 1 (4): 6. *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1984b. Euxanthe wakefieldi – from the D.A. Swanepoel 1978 memoirs. Metamorphosis 1 (6): 4-5. *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1984c. Notes on Acraea lygus Druce. Metamorphosis 1 (7): 5-6. *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1985a. On the taxonomic status of Acraea anacreon bomba Grose-Smith. Metamorphosis 1 (12): 4-5. *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1985b. Aantekinge oor Anthene liodes bihe (Bethune-Baker). Metamorphosis 1 (13): 3-4. *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1989a. D.A. Swanepoel takes a brief look at Koçak’s exercise. Metamorphosis 1 (24): 5. (Nomenclature – Thestor obscurus, Thestor yildizae.) *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1989b. Holocaust struck Malta Forest. Metamorphosis 1 (24): 7-8. *SWANEPOEL, D.A. 1991. Don't believe me. Metamorphosis 2 (1): 7-8. *SWANEPOEL, D.A., & VARI, L. 1983. Three new species of Lepidochrysops Hedicke from the Cape Province (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Annals of the Transvaal Museum 33 (21): 323- 336. [L. littoralis, L. outeniqua, L. oosthuizeni, L. ortygia group] *SWART, F.[J.] 1997. Notes on the early stages of Colotis celimene pholoe (Wallengren) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae [Pieridae]). Metamorphosis 8 (1): 3-5. *SWART, F.J. 2004. Butterfly news from Namibia – the first nine years. Metamorphosis 15 (4): 176-183. *SWIERSTRA, C.J. 1909a. Descriptions of three new species of Lepidoptera Rhopalocera in the Transvaal Museum. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 1: 175-178. *SWIERSTRA, C.J. 1909b. Checklist of the Lepidoptera – Rhopalocera of the Transvaal, with notes of some of the species. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 1: 235-299. *SWIERSTRA, C.J. 1915. On a collection of butterflies made in the Maputa district, Port. S.E. Africa, by Dr. H.G. Breyer, director of the Transvaal Museum, during the month of June, 1914. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 5 (2): 104-110.

224 *SWINHOE, C. 1884. On some new and little-known species of butterflies of the genus Teracolus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1884: 434-445. *SWINHOE, C. 1907. New species of African and Indo-Malaayan Hesperiidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 20: 430-436. *SWINHOE, C. 1909. New species of Indo-Malayan and African Lepidoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 3: 89-98. SWINHOE, C. 1912-1913. Rhopalocera. Hesperiidae (concluded). Lepidoptera Indica 10: x, 1- 364. London. *SWINHOE, C. 1915. New species of Indo-Malayan Lepidoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 16: 170-186. *SWINHOE, C. 1916. New species of butterflies and moths from Australia, Africa and the Indo- Malayan Region. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 18: 480-490. SWYNNERTON, C.F.M. 1926. An investigation into the defences of the butterflies of the genus Charaxes. Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Entomology 2: 578-506. TABASHNIK, B.E. 1981. Evoluton into a pest niche: Colias butterflies and . Dissertation Abstracts International B Sciences and Engineering 42 (2): 492. TAKANASHI, T., HIROKI, M., & OBARA, Y. 2001. Evidence for male and female sex pheromones in the sulfur butterfly, Eurema hecabe. Entomologia Experimentalis at Applicata 101 (1): 89-92. TAKANASHI, T., HIROKI, M., SATOH, T., & OBARA, Y. 1997. Male and female preference in the sulfur butterfly, Eurema hecabe. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan 52 (2): 37-43. *TALBOT, G. 1921. New Lepidoptera collected by Mr. T.A. Barns, in East Central Africa. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 1: 40-166. TALBOT, G. 1927. New forms of Nymphalidae from Katanga, Belg. Congo. Revue Zoologique Africaine 15: 267-270. TALBOT, G. 1928a. A new Pierine from Kenya Colony. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 2: 29. TALBOT, G. 1928b. New forms of African Nymphalidae (Lep. Rhop.) in the Musee du Congo, Tervueren. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 2: 229-231. TALBOT, G. 1928c. New forms of Lepidoptera in the Musee du Congo Belge at Tervuren. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 16: 217-220. TALBOT, G. 1929a. New forms of African Lepidoptera. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 3: 72-77. TALBOT, G. 1929b. Four new butterflies from Africa. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 3: 139- 142. TALBOT, G. 1929c. Rhopalocera collected in the region of the Haute Volta, French West Africa. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 3: 225-233. TALBOT, G. 1932a. New forms of African Lepidoptera. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 4: 170-177. TALBOT, G. 1932b. A note on the habits of some Charaxes observed on Mount Kenya, and the description of a new race of Charaxes. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 4: 181. TALBOT, G. 1932c. Lepidoptera from British Somaliland. Collected by C.L. Collenette, F.E.S., F.R.G.S. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 4: 182-188. TALBOT, G. 1932d. Four new forms of Rhopalocera. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 4: 288- 289. TALBOT, G. 1932e. A new name and diagnoses for a genus of Pieridae. Entomologist 55: 36-37. TALBOT, G. 1935a. New species and forms of African Lycaenidae. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 71: 69-78, 115-127, 147-153. TALBOT, G. 1935b. New African Lycaenidae (Lep. Rhop.). Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine

225 71: 202-209. TALBOT, G. 1936. A new species of Danaidae (Lep. Rhop.) and other new butterflies. Entomologist 69: 112-114. TALBOT, G. 1937. New African Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae, and two new Diestogyna. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 86: 59-72. TALBOT, G. 1939. Revisional notes on the genus Colotis Hubn. (Lepid. Pieridae) with a systematic list. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 88: 173-233. TALBOT, G. 1940. Revisional notes on the genus Amauris Hubner (Lep.). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 90: 319-336. TALBOT, G. 1941. Notes on the genus Amauris (Lep., Danaidae) with descriptions of four new forms, and description of a new subspecies of Pseudacraea deludens Neave (Nymphalidae) resembling A. echeria contracta Talbot. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 77: 210-216. TALBOT, G. 1942. Notes on the genus Colotis with descriptions of new forms (Lep. Rhop. Pieridae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 11: 51-57. TALBOT, G. 1943a. Notes on the genus Dixeia Talbot, with descriptions of new forms. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 12: 102-112. TALBOT, G. 1943b. Revisional notes on Anapheis Hubn. and Belenois Hubn., with descriptions of some new forms (Lep. Rhop. Pieridae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (11) 10: 305-336. TALBOT, G. 1943c. New forms of African butterflies. Entomologist 76: 165-167. TALBOT, G. 1943d. Revisional notes on the genus Danaus Kluk (Lep. Rhop. Danaidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 93: 115-148. [Treats the Afrotropical populations of D. chrysippus as belonging to three subspecies – D. c. chrysippus, D. c. alcippus and D. c. dorippus] TALBOT, G. 1944. A preliminary revision of the genus Mylothris Hubn (1819) (Lep. Rhop. Pieridae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 94: 155-186. TALBOT, G. 1946. Three new subspecies of Mylothris from Kenya (Lep. Pieridae). Entomologist 79: 33. *TAMBARA, E., MURWIRA, A. & KATIVU, S. 2013. From natural woodlands to cultivated land: diversity of fruit-feeding butterflies and beetles in the mid-Zambezi valley, northern Zimbabwe. African Journal of Ecology 51 (2): 263-269. Abstract: We tested the effect of cultivation on butterfly (Nymphalidae: Charaxes) and beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) species richness and abundance along a cultivation intensification gradient. Results showed significant differences in species richness and abundance between natural woodlands and cultivated landscapes with larger differences in areas of high cultivation intensity. The results indicate that natural woodland clearing for cultivation purposes has negative impacts on arthropod diversity, a situation more severe in highly intensified cultivated areas. Our results imply that mosaics of different land-use units, each in a different phase of clearance-cultivation-abandonment-recovery-clearance cycle could counter the negative effects of cultivation intensity on arthropod diversity. *TANG, Y-C., ZHOU, C-L., CHEN, X-M. & ZHENG, H. 2013. Visual and olfactory responses of seven butterfly species during foraging. Journal of Insect Behavior 26 (3): 387-401. Abstract: Foraging responses of seven butterfly species were determined for flower models that differed in color, size, and depth of artificial corolla. We measured frequency of visits to flowers of various colors (red, orange, yellow, purple, and white) with or without the application of honey water to flower models. We found that the relative strength of butterfly response to visual versus olfactory cues differed among butterfly species. We suggest that the seven butterfly species tested exhibit four different patterns in how visual and olfactory cues were combined as determinants of foraging importance: (1) vision was given priority over olfaction (in Cethosia cyane and Danaus chrysippus); (2) olfaction was given priority over vision (Cethosia biblis, Idea leuconoe, and Tirumala limniace); (3) olfaction and vision were equally important (Catopsilia pomona); and (4) only olfaction was used (e.g., Danaus genutia, which was not sensitive to the five colors tested but very sensitive to the smell of honey in our experiments). In tests with flower models of different sizes, the visitation frequency of C. cyane, I. leuconoe, and D. chrysippus increased with increasing corolla diameter, provided flowers were sprayed with honey water. C. cyane and D. chrysippus showed this trend because of their strong dependence on visual cues. In contrast, I. leuconoe with its large body size preferred larger flowers, it could be that butterflies need more nectar to support its large body size. Catopsilia pomona tended to visit large and middle-sized flowers because it used both vision and odor to detect food, large or middle-sized flowers could have more vision and odor stimulation than small flowers for foraging butterfly. The other three butterfly species did not show that trend because of lack of dependence on visual cues. There was no correlation between visitation frequency and corolla depth within particular butterfly species. In conclusion, the foraging

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230 *TRIMEN, R. 1862c. Rhopalocera Africae Australis Part 1. Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danaidae, Acraeidae, and Nymphalidae [xii] + 190 + [9] pp. Cape Town. [#book] *TRIMEN, R. 1863a. Descriptions of three new species of the genus Anthocharis Boisd., and a new species of the genus Pais Hubner. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (3) 1: 519-525. TRIMEN, R. 1863b. On the fertilization of Disa grandiflora, Linn. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 7: 144-147. *TRIMEN, R. 1864a. Descriptions of some new species of butterflies found in Southern Africa. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (3) 2: 175-180. [Eronia varia] TRIMEN, R. 1864b. On the butterflies of Madagascar. Quarterly Journal of Science 1: 648-654. *TRIMEN, R. 1866. Rhopalocera Africae Australis Part 2. Satyridae, Eurytelidae, Lycaenidae, and Hesperidae [Hesperiidae] 183-353 + [xxi] pp. Cape Town. [#book] *TRIMEN, R. 1867. Notes on the butterflies of Mauritius. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 15 (4): 329-344. *TRIMEN, R. 1868. On some undescribed species of South African butterflies, including a new genus of Lycaenidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1868: 69-96. *TRIMEN, R. 1869. On some remarkable mimetic analogies among african butterflies. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 26: 497-552. *TRIMEN, R. 1870. Notes on butterflies collected by J.H. Bowker, Esq., in Basuto-land, South Africa; with descriptions of some new species. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1870: 341-390. TRIMEN, R. 1871. Notes on the geographical distribution and dispersion of insects; chiefly in reference to a paper by Mr. Andrew Murray, F.L.S., “On the geographical relations of the chief coleopterous faunae”. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 11 (52): 276- 284. *TRIMEN, R. 1873. On some new species of butterflies discovered in extra-tropical Southern Africa. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1873: 101-124. *TRIMEN, R. 1874a. On some new species of South African Lycaenidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1874: 329-341. *TRIMEN, R. 1874b. Observations on the case of Papilio Merope, Auct. with an account of the various known forms of that butterfly. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1874, part 1 (Feb.): 137-153. [Papilio dardanus cenea] *TRIMEN, R. 1879. On some hitherto undescribed butterflies inhabiting Southern Africa. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1879: 323-346. *TRIMEN, R. 1881a. Note on the capture of the paired sexes of Papilio Cenea, Stoll. (P. merope, auct.), in Natal. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1881 part 2 (July): 169-170. *TRIMEN, R. 1881b. On some new species of Rhopalocera from Southern Africa. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1881: 433-445. *TRIMEN, R. 1883. Descriptions of twelve new species of South-African Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1883: 347-363. *TRIMEN, R. 1891a. On some recent additions to the list of South African butterflies. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1891: 169-178. *TRIMEN, R. 1891b. On butterflies collected in tropical south-western Africa by Mr A.W. Eriksson. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891: 59-107. *TRIMEN, R. 1893. On some new or imperfectly known species of South African butterflies. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1893: 123-143. *TRIMEN, R. 1894. On the collection of butterflies made in Manica, tropical south-east Africa, by Mr. F.C. Selous, in the year 1892. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894: 14-82.

231 *TRIMEN, R. 1895. On some new species of butterflies from tropical and extra tropical Africa. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1895: 181-194. *TRIMEN, R. 1898. On some new or little-known species of African butterflies. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1898: 1-16. TRIMEN, R. 1904a. [Report of exhibit of mimetic butterflies from the Kavirondo-Nandi district of Uganda]. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1903: 38-41. *TRIMEN, R. 1904b. On some new or imperfectly-known forms of South-African butterflies. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1904: 231-246. *TRIMEN, R. 1906. On some new or hitherto unfigured forms of South-African butterflies. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1906: 59-86. TRIMEN, R. 1908. Descriptions of new forms of British East African butterflies in the Hope Department, Oxford University Museum, chiefly collected by the Rev. K. St. Aubyn Rogers. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1909: 547-557. *TRIMEN, R. 1909. On the larvae of Hamanumida daedalus, Fab., Hoplitis phyllocampa, n. sp., and Eulophontus myrmeleon, Feld, ; with descriptions of the imagines of the two Heterocera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1909: 1-12. *TRIMEN, R. 1908. Descriptions of new forms of British East African butterflies in the Hope Department, Oxford University Museum, chiefly collected by the Rev. K. St. Aubyn Rogers. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1909: 547-557. *TRIMEN, R. 1910. Mr Alfred D. Millar’s experimental breeding from the ova of the Natalian forms of the nymphaline genus Euralia. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 58 (4): 498-513. TRIMEN, R. 1912a. Neptis Swynnertoni, a new species from S.E. Rhodesia. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1912: 28-31. *TRIMEN, R. 1912b. On some hitherto imperfectly-known South African Lepidoptera. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 60 (2): 384-392. *TRIMEN, R. 1914. Description of a new species of Pseudonympha (Satyrinae) from South Africa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 50: 281-282. *TRIMEN, R. & BOWKER, J.H. 1887a. South-African butterflies: a monograph of the extra- tropical species 1 [Nymphaldae] [xvi] + 355 pp. London. [#book] *TRIMEN, R. & BOWKER, J.H. 1887b. South-African butterflies: a monograph of the extra- tropical species 2 Erycinidae and Lycaenidae vi + 242 pp. London. [#book] *TRIMEN, R. & BOWKER, J.H. 1889. South-African butterflies: a monograph of the extra- tropical species 3 Papilionidae and Hesperidae [Hesperiidae] [vi] + 438 pp. London. [#book] *TROPEK, R., JANSTA, P. & LESTINA, D. 2013. Acraea wigginsi occidentalis (Bethune-Baker, 1926), a new butterfly for Nigeria, with remarks on its habitat and known distribution (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 41 (161): 163-165. Abstract: Acraea wigginsi occidentalis (Bethune-Baker, 1926) is recorded in Nigeria for the first time, in the Gotel Mountains, close to the Cameroonian border. All of its known distribution is summarized, including four new records from Cameroon. Its occurrence in the degraded submontane grasslands is also discussed as the reason why it has been rarely observed. *TROPEK, R. & KONVICKA, M. 2009. Forest eternal? Endemic butterflies of the Bamenda highlands, Cameroon, avoid close-canopy forest. African Journal of Ecology 48: 428-437. *TROPEK, R., LESTINA, D., JANSTA, P., BRATTSTROM, O., ESPELAND, M. & SAFIAN, S. 2014. First records of Hypolycaena anara Larsen, 1986 from Cameroon (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 43 (170): 235-239. ABSTRACT: The species Hypolycaena anara Larsen, 1986, is reported as a new record for Cameroon, together with a description of two new montane localities. We also describe two previously unpublished localities of the species in Nigeria. Potential contribution of the discovery of this hilly-savannah butterfly in the Gulf of Guinea Highlands to the recent debate on the local submontane habitat history is discussed. TUMANG, V.M.C., TORRES, M.A.J. & DEMAYO, C.G. 2012. Describing developmental

232 modules of modularity and integration in the fore and hind wings of the Common Evening Brown butterfly Melanitis leda Linnaeus (Nymphalidae: Lepidoptera) using MINT software. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences A Entomology 5 (1): 67-72. Abstract: In this study, developmental modules of modularity and integration of the fore and hind wings of Melanitis leda were described using the MINT software (Modularity and Integration Tool, ver. 1.5, Marquez, 2008). A total of 195 points were used to trace and outline the margins of the wings as well as the major veins. The test was conducted based on a Wishart/Monte Carlo test on a total of 1,000 replicates. The best fit models are determined with the highest P-value and lowest gamma value. Differences in ranks of the top 3 models were observed in both the fore and hind wings of the butterfly. It was hypothesized to be caused by effects associated with the environment, phenotypic plasticity or the signalling sources for position and morphology of pattern elements which only covers short distances. *TUMUHIMBISE, G., OKWAKOL, M.J.N., & KANGWAGYE, T.N. 2001. Species diversity of swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae: Lepidoptera) in North Maramagambo forest. African Journal of Ecology 39 (1): 113-115. [PDF file on CD 1] TURLIN, B. 1979. Notes entomologiques sur le Rwanda. Bulletin de la Societe Scientifique Naturelle No. 22: 11-14. [Papilionidae] TURLIN, B. 1980. Notes entomologiques sur le Rwanda. Bulletin de la Societe Scientifique Naturelle No. 25: 13-22. TURLIN, B. 1981a. Notes entomologiques sur le Rwanda (3). Bulletin de la Societe Scientifique Naturelle No. 31: 15-17. TURLIN, B. 1981b. Notes entomologiques sur le Rwanda (4). Bulletin de la Societe Scientifique Naturelle No. 32: 13-16. TURLIN, B. 1983. Apercus sur le chasse aux lepidopteres a Madagascar. Alexanor 13 (1): 39-48, 89-96. [Papilionidae, Nymphalinae] TURLIN, B. 1984. The Papilionidae of the Comoro Islands, east Africa. Papilio International 1 (4): 86-88. TURLIN, B. 1987. Descriptions de nouvelles sous-especes et d’une forme de Charaxes africains (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Scientifique Naturelle No. 53: 19-25. TURLIN, B. 1993. Faune lepidopterologique de l'Archipel des Comores (Ocean Indien). (Rhopaloceres, Sphingidae, Attacidae). Lambillionea 93 (4) (Tome I): 345-361. TURLIN, B. 1994a. Faune lepidopterolgique de l'Archipel des Comores (Ocean Indien). (Rhopaloceres, Sphingidae, Attacidae). Lambillionea 94 (2) (Tome I): 189-200. TURLIN, B. 1994b. Faune lepidopterologique de l'Archipel des Comores (Ocean Indien). (Rhopaloceres, Sphingidae, Attacidae). Lambillionea 94 (3) (Tome II): 372-389. TURLIN, B. 1994c. Faune lepidopterologique de l'Archipel des Comores (Ocean Indien). (Rhopaloceres, Sphingidae, Attacidae). Lambillionea 94 (4) (Tome II): 591-601. TURLIN, B. 1995a. Faune lepidopterologique de l'Archipel des Comores (Ocean Indien). (Rhopaloceres, Sphingidae, Attacidae) (6). Lambillionea 95 (2) (Tome I): 197-210. TURLIN, B. 1995b. Faune lepidopterologique de l'Archipel des Comores (Ocean Indien) (Rhopaloceres, Sphingidae, Attacidae) (7). Lambillionea 95 (3) (Tome II): 443-452. TURLIN, B. 1998a. [Yemen: an unusual excursion.] Entomologia Africana 3 (1): 2-10. TURLIN, B. 1998b. [New African Charaxinae (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae).] Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome I): 181-189. TURLIN, B. 1999. Observations sur les especes insulaires Africaines de la sous-famille des Charaxinae. Lambillionea 99 (2): 171-182. TURLIN, B. 2000. Notes complementaires sur le Yemen. Entomologia Africana 5 (2): 13-19. [Lepidochrysops haveni (description of male). TURLIN, B. 2001. Apercus sur l’ile Maurice (Lepidoptera) (Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea). Entomologia Africana 6 (2): 2-12. TURLIN, B. 2002. Faune lepidopterologique de l’archipel des Comores (Ocean Indien). Note complementaire sur les rhopaloceres, notamment ceux de Mayotte. Lambillionea 102 (1) (Tome II): 91-96. TURLIN, B. 2005. Butterflies of the World: Supplement 10. Les Charaxes de la faune Afrotropicale.

233 Partie I. Goecke & Evers, Keltern, 2005. TURLIN, B. 2005. Butterflies of the World: part 22: Nymphalidae X: Charaxes I. Goecke & Evers, Keltern: 1-7. TURLIN, B. 2009a. Butterflies of the World, supplement 17. Les Charaxes de la faune afrotropicale. Partie IV. Nymphalidae: Charaxinae: Charaxini. Goecke & Evers, Keltern: 1-15. [Charaxes jahlusa pallene stat. rev.] TURLIN, B. 2009b. Systematique et repartition de Euxanthe eurinome (Cramer, 1775) et description de la sous-espece lequeuxi ssp. nova (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Charaxinae). Lepidopteres (Paris) 18 (4): 134-139. [Euxanthe eurinome lequeuxi ssp. n.; Uganda; subspecies elgonae synonymized with ssp. birbirica; subspecies celadon synonymized with ssp. ansellica] TURLIN, B. 2009c. Butterflies of the World: part 32: Nymphalidae XVII: Charaxes IV. Goecke & Evers, Keltern: 1-9. TURLIN, B., & CHOVET, G. 1987. Etude d’un probleme taxonomique pose par des Charaxes africains du groupe eudoxus (Drury) (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Scientifique Naturelle No. 54: 5-12. TURLIN, B., & GUILBOT, R. 1990. Decription de deux nouvelles sous-especes de Papilio epiphorbas de l'archipel des Comores. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 94 (7-8): 213-219. TURLIN, B., & LEQUEUX, J.P. 1992. Nouveaux rhopaloceres de Tanzanie (Papilionidae, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 92 (4): 311-321. TURLIN, B., & LEQUEUX, J.P. 1993. Description d'une nouvelle espece du genre Charaxes originaire de Tanzanie (Afrique de l'est). Lambillionea 93 (1) (Tome II): 107-113. TURLIN, B., & LEQUEUX, J.P. 2002. Notes sur les Charaxinae d’Uganda et description de deux nouvelles sous-especes (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 102 (1) (Tome I): 69-76. TURLIN, B., & LEQUEUX, J.P. 2010a. Mise au point du sous-groupe de Charaxes kheili Staudinger, 1896 et description d’une nouvelle sous-espece (Nymphalidae, Charaxine, “groupe etheocles”). Entomologia Africana 15 (2): 35-42. *TURLIN, B., & LEQUEUX, J.P. 2010b. Repartition de Papilio mackinnoni Sharpe, 1891 et description de trois nouvelles sous-especes (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Lepidopteres (Paris) 19 (47): 116-124. TURNER, J.R.G. 1963. Geographical variation and evolution in the males of the butterfly Papilio dardanus Brown (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 115: 239-259. *TURNER, J.R.G. 1977. Obituary. Philip M. Sheppard (1921-1976). Journal of the Lepidopterist’s Society 31 (3): 205-212. TUSHABE, H., KALEMA, J., BYARUHANGA, A., ASASIRA, J., SSEGAWA, P., BALMFORD, A., DAVENPORT, T., FJELDSA, J., FRIIS, I., PAIN, D., POMEROY, D., WILLIAMS, P. & WILLIAMS, C. 2006. A nationwide assessment of the biodiversity value of Uganda’s important bird areas network. Conservation Biology 20 (1): 85-99. TUTT, J.W. 1905-1906. A natural history of the British butterflies; their world-wide variation and geographical distribution 1: 479 pp. London. *TUTT, J.W. 1906. A study of the generic names of the British Lycaenids and their close allies. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 18: 129-132. *TUTT, J.W. 1908. Preoccupied generic names. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 20: 143-144. TYLER, S.J. & TYLER, L. 2005. Storks feeding on caterpillars. Babbler Gaborone 46: 47. TYSON, W. 1896. Letter to Editor. Butterflies and hybernation [hibernation]. Nature 54: 125. [Precis octvia sesamus] UMEBACHI, Y. 1982. Chemical properties of the orange pigment of Lycaena phlaeas (Lepidoptera). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B Comparative Biochemistry 73

234 (2): 235-238. UNGEMACH, H. 1932. Contribution a l’etude des Lepidopteres d’Abyssinie. Memoires de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles (et Physiques) du Maroc 32: 1-122. USHER, M.B. 1979. The Neptis butterflies (Nymphalidae) of Ghana. Systematic Entomology 4 (2): 197-207. USHER, M.B. 1980a. The Andronymus caesar complex of species (Hesperiidae). Systematic Entomology 5 (3): 291-302. USHER, M.B. 1980b. Three west African taxa of Meza Hemming (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Entomologica Scandinavica 11 (4): 424-427. USHER, M.B. 1984. The Abantis species (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) of western West Africa. Systematic Entomology 9 (3): 351-356. USHER, M.B. 1985a. The species of Henotesia Butler (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) in western West Africa. Entomologica Scandinavica 16 (3): 259-264. USHER, M.B. [1985]b (MS). [A list of all species of Pieridae that are either known to occur in Ghana or which could be expected to occur in Ghana] [8] pp. Manuscript deposited in the Library of the Natural History Museum, London. USHER, M.B. 1986. A new species of Acraea Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Acraeinae) from Ghana, west Africa. Systematic Entomology 11 (1): 111-115. *VALTONEN, A., MOLLEMAN, F., CHAPMAN, C.A., CAREY, J.R., AYRES, M.P. & ROINEN, H. 2013. Tropical phenology: bi-annual rhythma and interannual variation in an Afrotropical butterfly assemblange. Ecosphere 4 (3): Article 36, 28pp. *VAN BERGEN, E., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., HEUSKIN, S., ZWAAN, B.J. & NIEBERDING, C.M. 2013. The scent of inbreeding: a male sex pheromone betrays inbred males. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 280(1758): 1-8. Abstract: Inbreeding depression results from mating among genetically related individuals and impairs reproductive success. The decrease in male mating success is usually attributed to an impact on multiple fitness-related traits that reduce the general condition of inbred males. Here, we find that the production of the male sex pheromone is reduced significantly by inbreeding in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Other traits indicative of the general condition, including flight performance, are also negatively affected in male butterflies by inbreeding. Yet, we unambiguously show that only the production of male pheromones affects mating success. Thus, this pheromone signal informs females about the inbreeding status of their mating partners. We also identify the specific chemical component (hexadecanal) probably responsible for the decrease in male mating success. Our results advocate giving increased attention to olfactory communication as a major causal factor of mate-choice decisions and sexual selection. *VAN DEN HEUVEL, J., SAASTAMOINEN, M., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., KIRKWOOD, T.B.L., ZWAAN, B.J. & SHANLEY, D.P. 2013. The predictive adaptive response: Modeling the life-history evolution of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana in seasonal environments. American Naturalist 181(2): E28-E42. Abstract: A predictive adaptive response (PAR) is a type of developmental plasticity where the response to an environmental cue is not immediately advantageous but instead is later in life. The PAR is a way for organisms to maximize fitness in varying environments. Insects living in seasonal environments are valuable model systems for testing the existence and form of PAR. Previous manipulations of the larval and the adult environments of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana have shown that individuals that were food restricted during the larval stage coped better with forced flight during the adult stage compared to those with optimal conditions in the larval stage. Here, we describe a state-dependent energy allocation model, which we use to test whether such a response to food restriction could be adaptive in nature where this butterfly exhibits seasonal cycles. The results from the model confirm the responses obtained in our previous experimental work and show how such an outcome was facilitated by resource allocation patterns to the thorax during the pupal stage. We conclude that for B. anynana, early-stage cues can direct development toward a better adapted phenotype later in life and, therefore, that a PAR has evolved in this species. VANDE WEGHE, G. 2007a. Description de trois nouvelles especes de Bebearia du Cameroun et du Gabon, et mise au point sur certaines especes (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitinae). Entomologia Africana 12 (1): 35-43. VANDE WEGHE, G. 2007b. Nouvelle espece de Bicyclus du Gabon (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Lambillionea 107 (3) (Tome II): 455-458. [Bicyclus ivindo sp. nov., Gabon]. VANDE WEGHE, G. 2009a. Les papillons diurnes des forets cotieres du nord-ouest du Gabon: Foret classee de la Mondah et parc national de Pongara. Lambillionea 109 (1) (Tome I): 17-

235 30. [Mondah Forest Reserve; Pongara National Park; faunal lists; checklists; Gabon]. VANDE WEGHE, G. 2009b. Description de nouveaux taxons et contribution a l’etude des Lepidopteres afrotropicaux (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae, Satyrinae; Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae; Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Entomologia Africana 14 (1) (Supplement): 1-24. [Kedestes ekouyi sp. n., Gabon; Pteroteinon komo sp. n., Gabon; Oxylides kebiri sp. n., Gabon; Bebearia ata Hecq 1990 = Bebearia oremansi syn. n.; Bebearia bena sp. n., Congo; Bebearia pseudovesta sp. n., Gabon; Bebearia tini – male described; Bebearia waka sp. n., Gabon; Bicyclus bergeri stat. n.; Bicyclus ephorus status; Bicyclus ewondo – female described; Bicyclus graueri kota ssp. n., Gabon; Bicyclus larseni sp. n., Guinea; Bicyclus wakaensis sp. n., Gabon; Euphaedra ipassa sp. n., Gabon; Euphaedra ombrophila – male described; Euriphene splendida – female described]. VANDE WEGHE, G. 2011. Description d’une nouvelle especie de Cymothoe Hubner, 1819 de Republique democratique du Congo (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitinae). Lambillionea 111 (3) (Tome II): 305-306. [Cymothoe bouyeri sp. nov.; North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo, p. 305] VANDE WEGHE, G., OREMANS, P., & HECQ, J. 2005. Nouvelle espece d’Euphaedra (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 105 (2): 263-264. [Euphaedra (Xypetana) mondahensis; Gabon, Cameroon] VAN DER HEYDEN, T. 1992. Vertreter der Gattung Calotropis (Asclepiadaceae) als Raupenfutterpflanzen von Danaus-Arten (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Danainae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo 13 (3): 253-257. (Danaus chrysippus). *VAN DER HEYDEN, T. 2011. Local and effective: Two projects of butterfly farming in Cambodia and Tanzania (Insecta: Lepidoptera). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 39 (155): 267-270. Abstract: The projects "Banteay Srey Butterfly Centre" in Cambodia (Asia) and "Zanzibar Butterfly Centre" in Tanzania (Africa) are presented as models of sustainable butterfly farming to support local communities. VAN DER HEYDEN, T. 2011. Ein gynandromorphes Exemplar von Hypolimnas misippus Linnaeus, 1764 aus Tansania (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 121 (6): 280-281. Abstract: A gynandromorph specimen of Hypolimnas misippus LINNAEUS, 1764 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from Tanzania is reported. VAN DER HOEVEN, J. 1840. Beschrijving eeniger nieuwe of weineg bekende uitlandsche soorten van Lepidoptera. Tjidschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedensis en Physiologie 7: 276-283. VAN DER HOEVEN, J. 1845. Beschrijving eeniger nieuwe of weineg bekende uitlandsche soorten van Lepidoptera. Tjidschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedensis en Physiologie 12: 251-2256. *VAN DER RIET, W. 1984. Mylothris chloris agathina – successful westerly drive. Metamorphosis 1 (6): 7-8. VAN DER SCHULENBERG, J.H.G., HURST, G.D.D., HUIGENS, T.M.E., VAN MEER, M.M.M., JIGGINS, F.M., & MAJERUS, M.E.N. 2000. Molecular evolution and phylogenetic utility of Wolbachia ftsZ and wsp gene sequences with special reference to the origin of male-killing. Molecular Biology and Evolution 17 (4): 584-600. (Acraea encedon). VANHOUTTE, K.J.A., EGGEN, B.J.L., JANSSEN, J.J.M., & STAVENGA, D.G. 2002. Opsin cDNA sequences of a UV and green rhodopsin of the satyrine butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 32 (11): 1383-1390. VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 1968. Butterfly. Indian Ocean [note on Melanitis leda found at sea]. The Marine Observer 38: 177-178. Meteorological Office. *VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 1975a. The butterflies named by J.F. Gmelin (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology) 32 (2): 17-64. VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 1975b. Insects. South Atlantic Ocean [note on Hypolimnas misippus found at sea]. The Marine Observer 45: 66. Meteorological Office. *VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 1976a. The type-material of the nominal species Charaxes vansoni Van Someren (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Annals of the Transvaal Museum 30 (10): 105-107. VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 1976b. An alternative hypothesis on the evolution of Papilio dardanus

236 Brown. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London 41: 1-7. VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 1978. Butterflies impaled on grass – an answer. East African Natural History Society Bulletin 1978: 137-138. [Belenois aurota] VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 1979. N.D. Riley’s scientific contribution. Antenna 3: 134. VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 1980. Alaena rosei Vane-Wright, sp. nov. In: D’ABRERA, B. Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region, p. 416. Melbourne: Lansdowne. VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 1983. Obituary. Robert Herbert Carcasson, 1918-1982. Antenna 7: 30-32. *VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 1997a. African Lepidopterology at the millenium. Metamorphosis Occasional Supplement No.3: 11-27. *VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 1997b. Mode and tempo in the evolution of mimicry in African butterflies – a research programme. Metamorphosis Occasional Supplement No.3: 133-138. *VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. 2003. Indifferent philosophy versus almighty authority: on consistency, consensus and unitary taxonomy. Systematics and Biodiversity 1 (1): 3-11. [Amauris damocles]. *VANE-WRIGHT, 2010. Papilio enceladus Linnaeus, 1758. The Linnean 26 (3): 12-18. *VANE-WRIGHT, R.I., ACKERY, P.R., & SMILES, R.L. 1977. The polymorphism, mimicry, and host plant relationships of Hypolimnas butterflies. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 9 (3): 285-297. *VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. & HUGHES, H.W.D. 2007. Did a member of the Vanessa indica complex (Nymphalidae) formerly occur in North America? Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 61 (4): 199-212. [Antanartia abyssinica referred to Vanessa] *VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. & LISEKI, S.[D.] 2008. The type material, taxonomy and conservation of Horniman’s swallowtail, Papilio hornimani (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Journal of Natural History 42 (19-20): 1333-1348. *VANE-WRIGHT, R.[I.] & LISEKI, S.D. 2011. On the status of Pseudomylothris Neustetter, a supposed endemic butterfly genus from the Uluguru Mountains of Tanzania (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 2011: 85-93. Abstract: The nominal butterfly genus Pseudomylothris Neustetter, 1929, is confirmed to be a junior subjective synonym of Mylothris Hubner, 1819 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). The status of its type species, Mylothris leonora Kruger, 1928, variously treated as an endemic species to the Uluguru Mountains of Tanzania, an endemic subspecies of M. crawshayi Butler, 1896, or a more wide-ranging subspecies of M. crawshayi, is discussed. It is concluded that M. leonora represents a Tanzanian endemic species belonging to the M. sagala species-group, the significance of which is discussed with respect to the endemicity and irreplaceability of the Uluguru conservation area. Mylothris crawshayi sensu stricto, from Malawi, is demonstrated to be very distinct from M. leonora. Mylothris sagala seminigra Berger (December 1980) is noted as a homonym and new synonym of M. sagala seminigra D'Abrera (September 1980). VANE-WRIGHT, R.I. & NORTH, S.M. 1986. Megalopalpus. In: ELIOT, J.N. 1986. A review of the Miletini (Lepidoptera: Lycaneidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 53: 1-105. Chapter pagination: 84-85. *VANE-WRIGHT, R.I., RAHEEM, D.C., CIESLAK, A., & VOGLER, A.P. 1999. Evolution of the mimetic African swallowtail butterfly Papilio dardanus: molecular data confirm relationships with P. phorcas and P. constantinus. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 66 (2): 215-229. VANE-WRIGHT, R.I., SCHULZ, S., & BOPPRE, M. 1992. The cladistics of Amauris butterflies: congruence, consensus and total evidence. Cladistics 8 (2): 125-138. VANE-WRIGHT, R.I., & SMITH, C.R. 1991. Phylogenetic relationships of three African swallowtail butterflies, Papilio dardanus, P. phorcas and P. constantinus: a cladistic analysis. Systematic Entomology 16 (3): 275-291. *VANE-WRIGHT, R.I., & SMITH, C.R. 1992. Occurrence and significance of natural hybrids between Papilio dardanus and P. phorcas (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Systematic Entomology 17 (3): 269-272. *VANE-WRIGHT, R.I., & SMITH, C.R. 1999. Bionomics of African kite swallowtails, with a request for information. Metamorphosis 10 (2): 81-83.

237 VAN NIEKERK, P. & WOODHALL, S. 2008. CHASA standards in hunting: Help bou aan die beeld van jag; Lepsoc and CHASA associations working together. Game & Hunt 14 (5): 44- 45. VAN NOORT, S., & STONE, G.N. 1999. Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) of Mkomazi. In: COE, M., McWILLIAM, N., STONE, G., and PACKER, M. [EDS]. Mkomazi: the ecology, biodiversity and conservation of a Tanzanian savanna. Royal Geographical Society, London. 1999: i-vi, 1-608. Chapter pagination: 281-298. *VAN NOORT, S., & STONE, G.N. 2000. Species richness, biogeography, conservation and pollination ecology of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea & Papilionoidea) in Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania. Metamorphosis 11 (2): 77-103. VAN OOSTERHOUT, C., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., & KOOI, R.E. 1993. Phenotypic plasticity and life history traits in selection lines of Bicyclus anynana. Proceedings of the Section Experimental and Applied Entomology of the Netherlands Entomological Society (N.E.V.) 4: 163-168. VAN OOSTERHOUT, C., ZIJLSTRA, W.G., VAN HEUVEN, M.K., & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2000. Inbreeding depression and genetic load in laboratory metapopulations of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Evolution 54 (1): 218-225. VAN SOMEREN, G.R.C. 1972. Massive butterfly migration. Bulletin of the East African Natural History Society, May, 1972: 80-81. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1926. Amauris ansorgei altumi Sbsp. Nov. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society (21): 44. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1935. The butterflies of Kenya and Uganda. Part I. Vol. II Family: Nymphalidae Subfamily Nymphalinae. Genus Euphaedra. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 59-89. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1936. Butterflies of Kenya and Uganda. Supplement to Vol. I. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 12: 147-199. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1939a. The butterflies of Kenya and Uganda. Vol. II. Part II. Sub- family Nymphalinae (continued) [with introduction and notes by T.H.E. Jackson]. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 14: 15-100. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1939b. Butterflies of the Chyulu Range. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 14: 1-14, 130-151. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1939c. New and little-known Lepidoptera from Kenya and Uganda. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 14: 172-180. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1947. Comments and additional notes on Professor Carpenter’s paper entitled “Notes on Charaxes (Lep. Nymphalidae) in the Hope Department of Entomology, University of Oxford”. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society London (B) 16: 53- 54. [transfers female form ethalionoides Carp. to ethalion from etheocles]. *VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1955. Butterflies and hilltops in East Africa. Lepidopterist’s News 9: 127-132. *VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1957. Revisional notes on Lepidochrysops (Lycaenidae: Lampidinae) of Kenya and Uganda, with description of new species and subspecies. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 20: 58-78. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1958. A new species and a new female form of Charaxes from Kenya Colony. Novos Taxa Entomologicos (11): 12 pp. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1960. Systematic notes on the associated blue-banded black Papilios of the bromius-brontes-sosia complex of Kenya and Uganda, with descriptions of two new species. Boletim de Sociedade de Estudos (da Colonia) de Mocambique 29 (No. 123): 61-93. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1962. A new Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the Northern Frontier Province of Kenya. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 31: 44-46.

238 *VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1963. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part I. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 13: 195-242. *VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1964. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 15: 181-235. *VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1966. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part III. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 18: 45-101. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1967a. Charaxes jocaste Butler, 1865 (Insecta: Lepidoptera): proposed suppression under the plenary powers Z.N. (S.) 1806. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 24 (4): 255-256. *VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1967b Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part IV. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 18: 277-316. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1968. Charaxes porthos Grose-Smith. A brief review of its distribution and subspeciation. Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire 30: 221-225. *VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1969. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part V. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 23: 75-166. *VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1970. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part VI. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 25: 197-250. *VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1971. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part VII. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 26: 181-226. *VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1972. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part VIII. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) 27 (4): 215-264. *VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1974a. List of foodplants of some east African Rhopalocera, with notes on the early stages of some Lycaenidae. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 28 (4): 315- 331. *VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1974b. Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part IX. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology) 29 (8): 415-487. *VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. 1975. Revisional notes on African Charaxes, Palla and Euxanthe (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part X. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology) 32 (3): 65-136. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. & JACKSON, T.H.E. 1952. The Charaxes etheocles-ethalion complex: a tentative reclassification of the group (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 103: 257-284. *VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. & JACKSON, T.H.E. 1957. The Charaxes etheocles-ethalion complex (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Supplement No. 1. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 23: 41-58. *VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L., & JACKSON, T.H.E. 1959. Some comments on protective resemblance amongst African Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera). Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 13 (3): 121-150. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. & ROGERS, [K.] St A. 1925a. The butterflies of Kenya and Uganda. Part I. Sub-Family Danainae. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 1925 (21): 22-43.

239 VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. & ROGERS, [K.] St A. 1925b. The butterflies of Kenya and Uganda. Part II. Sub-Family Acraeinae. The genus Acraea. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 1925 (23): 105-145. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. & ROGERS, [K.] St A. 1926a. The butterflies of Kenya and Uganda. Part III. Sub-Family Acraeinae. The genus Acraea. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 1926 (25): 61-89. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. & ROGERS, [K.] St A. 1926b. The butterflies of Kenya and Uganda. Part IV. Sub-Family Acraeinae. The genus Acraea. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 1926 (27): 213-243. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. & ROGERS, [K.] St A. 1927. The butterflies of Kenya and Uganda. Part V. Sub-Family Acraeinae. The genus Planema Dbld. & Hew. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 1927 (29): 29-43. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. & ROGERS, [K.] St A. 1928a. The butterflies of Kenya and Uganda. Part VI. Family Nymphalidae. Sub-family Nymphalinae. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 1927 (30): 57-69. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. & ROGERS, [K.] St A. 1928b. The butterflies of Kenya and Uganda. Part VII. Sub-Family Nymphalinae (contd.) Charaxidi. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 1928 (31, 32): 111-158. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. & ROGERS, [K.] St A. 1929. The butterflies of Kenya and Uganda. Part VIII. Charaxidi (Continued). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 1928 (33, 34): 3-54. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. & ROGERS, [K.] St A. 1931. The butterflies of Kenya and Uganda. Part IX. Nymphalidae; Sub-family Charaxidi (contd.). Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 1930 (38,39): 18-33. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. & ROGERS, [K.] St A. 1932. The butterflies of Kenya and Uganda. [Part X]. Family Nymphalidae. Sub-family Charaxidi. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 1931 (42, 43): 141-172. VAN SOMEREN, V.G.L. & VAN SOMEREN, R.A.L. 1926. The life histories of certain African nymphalid butterflies of the genera Charaxes, Palla and Euxanthe. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1926: 333-354. *VAN SON, G. 1935. New butterflies from South Africa. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 485-489. VAN SON, G. 1936a. Description of a new race of Charaxes xiphares (Cr.) from Southern Rhodesia (Lepid.). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 5: 201- 207. *VAN SON, G. 1936b. Scientific results of the Vernay-Lang Kalahari Expedition, March to September, 1930. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 17: 121-140. VAN SON, G. 1939a. A new species of the genus Leptoneura Wallengren (Lepidoptera Rhopalocera) from the Zoutpansberg District. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 20: 47-51. VAN SON, G. 1939b. Notes on the menestheus group of Papilio L. and the South African races of Papilio ophidicephalus Oberthur, containing descriptions of five new subspecies and a new variety. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 20: 53-64. *VAN SON, G. 1940. A new subspecies of Leptoneura dingana Trim. (Lepidoptera Rhopalocera) from the northern Transvaal. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 3: 57- 61. VAN SON, G. 1941a. A new species of Pseudonympha from Inyanga, Southern Rhodesia (Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, Fam. Satyridae). Occasional Papers of the National Museum of Southern Rhodesia 10: 20-21. *VAN SON, G. 1941b. New or little-known South African butterflies. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 4: 179-196.

240 VAN SON, G. 1948. A new species of Mylothris Hb. (Lepid., Rhop., Pieridae) from Southern Rhodesia. Entomologist 81: 203-204. [Mylothris carcassoni] *VAN SON, G. 1949a. The butterflies of Southern Africa. Part I. Papilionidae and Pieridae. Transvaal Museum Memoirs 3: vi + 237 pp. [#book] *VAN SON, G. 1949b. Descriptions of four new species of South African butterflies. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 21 (2): 209-216. VAN SON, G. 1949c. A new species of Deloneura (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) from Nyassaland. Occasional Papers of the National Museum of Southern Rhodesia 2: 259-260. *VAN SON, G. 1951. Three new species of Thestor Hubner (Lepidoptera-Lycaenidae) from the western Cape Province. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 21: 439-445. *VAN SON, G. 1952. Descriptions of new Rhodesian Mycalesis (Lepidoptera-Satyridae). Annals of the Transvaal Museum 22: 33-35. *VAN SON, G. 1953. A revision of the subspecies and forms of Charaxes cithaeron Felder and Charaxes xiphares (Cramer). Annals of the Transvaal Museum 22 (2): 219-230. *VAN SON, G. 1955a. Butterflies of southern Africa. Part II. Nymphalidae: Danainae and Satyrinae. Transvaal Museum Memoirs No. 8: [i]-ix, 1-166. [#book] *VAN SON, G. 1955b. Book review. Butterflies of South Africa: Where, when and how they fly, by David A. Swanepoel, 1953. The Lepidopterists’ News 9 (2-3): 81. *VAN SON, G. 1955c. Book review. A provisional check-list of the butterflies of the Ethiopian Region. The Lepidopterists’ News 9 (2-3): 81-82. *VAN SON, G. 1956. New South African butterflies. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 22 (4): 503- 509. *VAN SON, G. 1958. A new African genus of the subfamily Satyrinae. Lepidopterists’ News 12: 6. *VAN SON, G. 1959a. On some butterflies of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, with descriptions of three new forms. Koedoe (2): 52-59. VAN SON, G. 1959b. A new subspecies of Neptis melicerta Drury from Southern Africa. Novos Taxa Entomologicos (15): 8 pp. VAN SON, G. 1959c. A revision of the lycaenid genus Durbania Trimen, with the description of two new genera and two subspecies. Novos Taxa Entomologicos (16): 15 pp. *VAN SON, G. 1962. New African butterflies – 1 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 25: 140-148. VAN SON, G. 1963a. New African butterflies (2). Novos Taxa Entomologicos (29): 12 pp. VAN SON, G. 1963b. The butterflies of southern Africa. Part III. Nymphalidae: Acraeinae. Transvaal Museum Memoirs No. 14: ix 1-130. [#book] *VAN SON, G. 1964. Obituary. Gowan Coningsby Clark (1888-1964). Journal of the Lepidopterist’s Society 18 (3): 195-196. VAN SON, G. 1966a. A new subspecies of Charaxes viola Butler from South-West Africa. Novos Taxa Entomologicos (49): 7 pp. *VAN SON, G. 1966b. New African butterflies – 3. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 25: 81-89. *VAN SON, G. 1977. A new species of Neptis Fabricius, 1807 from southern Africa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Annals of the Transvaal Museum 30 (15): 157-160. [N. penningtoni, Mozambique] VAN SON, G. 1979. The butterflies of southern Africa. Part 4. Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae [Revised and edited by L. Vári]. Transvaal Museum Memoirs No. 22: i-x, 1-286. [#book] VAN VOLLENHOVEN, C. SNELLEN 1869. Description des especes nouvelles de Coleopteres, Orthopteres, Lepidopteres et Hemipteres mentionees dans la liste precedente. In: Pollen, F.P.L. & Van Dam, D.C. Reserches sur la faune de Madagascar et de ses dependances (5): 7-14. VAN’T HOF, A.E., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., SACCHERI, I.J., & ZWAAN, B.J. 2007.

241 Evolutionary dynamics of multilocus microsatellite arrangements in the genome of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana, with implications for other Lepidoptera. Heredity 98 (5): 320- 328. *VAN’T HOF, A.E., MAREC, F., SACCHERI, I.J., BRAKEFILED, P.M. & ZWAAN, B.J. 2008. Cytogenetic characterization and AFLP-based genetic linkage mapping for the butterfly Bicyclus anynana, covering all 28 karyotyped chromosomes. PLoS ONE 3 (12): e3882, 1-12. VAN’T HOF, A.E., ZWAAN, B.J., SACCHERI, I.J., DALY, D., BOT, A.N.M., & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2005. Characterization of 28 microsatellite loci for the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Molecular Ecology Notes 5 (1): 169-172. *VAN VELZEN, R. 2006. Evolution of host-plant use in Cymothoe (Nymphalidae) feeding on Rinorea (Violaceae). MSc Thesis, Wageningen University, Netherlands; 68 pp. *VAN VELZEN, R., BAKKER, F.T., & VAN LOON, J.J.A. 2007. DNA barcoding reveals hidden species diversity in Cymothoe (Nymphalidae). Proceedings of the Netherlands Entomological Society Meeting 18: 95-103. *VAN VELZEN, R., COLLINS, S.C., BRATTSTROM, O. & CONGDON, C.E. 2016. Description of a new Cymothoe Hübner, 1819 from northern Mozambique (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Limenitidinae). Metamorphosis 27: 34-41. VAN VELZEN, R., LARSEN, T.B. & BAKKER, F.T. 2009. A new hidden species of the Cymothoe caenis-complex (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from western Africa. Zootaxa 2197: 53-63. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2009/f/zt02197p063.pdf. *VAN VELZEN, R., WAHLBERG, N., SOSEF, M.S.M. & BAKKER, F.T. 2013. Effects of changing climate on species diversification in tropical forest butterflies of the genus Cymothoe (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 108 (3): 546-564. Abstract: Extant may differ greatly in their species richness, suggesting differential rates of species diversification. Based on phylogenetic trees, it is possible to identify potential correlates of such differences. Here, we examine species diversification in a clade of 82 tropical African forest butterfly species (Cymothoe), together with its monotypic sister genus Harma. Our aim was to test whether the diversification of the Harma/Cymothoe clade correlates with end-Miocene global cooling and desiccation, or with Pleistocene habitat range oscillations, both postulated to have led to habitat fragmentation. We first generated a species-level phylogenetic tree for Harma and Cymothoe, calibrated within an absolute time scale, and then identified temporal and phylogenetic shifts in species diversification. Finally, we assessed correlations between species diversification and reconstructed global temperatures. Results show that, after the divergence of Harma and Cymothoe in the Miocene (15Mya), net species diversification was low during the first 7Myr. Coinciding with the onset of diversification of Cymothoe around 7.5Mya, there was a sharp and significant increase in diversification rate, suggesting a rapid radiation, and correlating with a reconstructed period of global cooling and desiccation in the late Miocene, rather than with Pleistocene oscillations. Our estimated age of 4Myr for a clade of montane species corresponds well with the uplift of the Eastern Arc Mountains where they occur. We conclude that forest fragmentation caused by changing climate in the late Miocene as well as the Eastern Arc Mountain uplift are both likely to have promoted species diversification in the Harma/Cymothoe clade. Cymothoe colonized Madagascar much later than most other insect lineages and, consequently, had less time available for diversification on the island. We consider the diversification of Cymothoe to be a special case compared with other butterfly clades studied so far, both in terms of its abrupt diversification rate increase and its recent occurrence (7Myr). It is clear that larval host plant shift(s) cannot explain the difference in diversification between Cymothoe and Harma; however, such a shift(s) may have triggered differential diversification rates within Cymothoe. *VARI, L. 1970. Obituary – AJT Janse. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 33 (2): 359-360. *VARI, L. 1971. Revision of the genus Tarsocera Butler, 1898, and description of new Satyrinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalinae [Nymphalidae]). Annals of the Transvaal Museum 27: 193-223. *VARI, L. 1974. South African Lepidoptera, 6. Notes on Hesperiidae and descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Annals of the Transvaal Museum 29 (2): 9-27. *VARI, L. 1976. South African Lepidoptera, 7. Descriptions and notes on new taxa of Rhopalocera. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 30 (13): 121-144. *VARI, L. & DIAKONOFF, A. 1971. Obituary – AJT Janse. Journal of the Lepidopterist’s Society 25 (3): 211-213. *VARI, L. & KROON, D. 1986. Southern African Lepidoptera. A series of cross-referenced

242 indices. Lepidopterists’ Society of Southern Africa and the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria: i-ix, 1-198. [#book] *VARI, L., KROON, D.M. & KRUGER, M. 2002. Classification and checklist of the species of Lepidoptera recorded in Southern Africa. Simple Solutions, Chatswood, Australia. i-xxi, 1- 384. [Leptomyrina henningi Dickson, 1976 new synonym of Leptomyrina jolaus (Cramer, 1780); Colotis evenina sipylus, status] [#book] VASCONCELOS, S., RODRIGUES, P., PALMA, L., MENDES, L.F., PALMINHA, A., CATARINO, L. & BEJA, P. 2015. Through the eye of a butterfly: Assessing biodiversity impacts of cashew expansion in West Africa. Biological Conservation 191: 779-786. VATS, L.K., & KAUSHAL, B.R. 1980. Fluctuations of lepidopteran populations, secondary productivity and energy flow through Belenois mesentina (Pieridae). Agro Ecosystems 6 (2): 161-176. [Belenois aurota] VERHULST. J. 2006. Colias mukana Berger, 1981 stat. nov. et description de Colias mukana jolyi ssp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Pieridae, Coliadinae). Lambillionea 106 (2) (Tome II): 286-292. VERHULST. J. 2009a. Fiches specifiques des Colias Fabricius (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) – Septante- huitieme fiche. Lambillionea 109 (2): 224-225. [Colias marnoana; distribution; systematics] VERHULST. J. 2009b. Fiches specifiques des Colias Fabricius (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) – Quatre- vingtieme fiche. Lambillionea 109 (4) (Tome 1): 432-444. [Colias electo murphyi; new subspecies; Malawi] VERHULST. J. 2009c. Fiches specifiques des Colias Fabricius (Colias data sheets) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) – Quatre-vingt-unieme fiche. Lambillionea 109 (4) (Tome 2): 494-498. [Colias electo; Colias mukana] VERITY, R. 1905-1911. Rhopalocera Palaearctica [1.] Papilionidae et Pieridae lxxxvi + 368 pp. VERITY, R. 1950. Le farfalle diurne d’Italia 4: xxiv +[ii] + 380 pp. Firenze. VERONESE, G. 1999. Quelques aberrations interessantes (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Entomologia Africana 4 (1): 32-35. VERONESE, G., & BOLLINO, M. 2000. Une curieuse aberration (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Entomologia Africana 5 (1): 33-34. (Papilio nireus). VERONESE, G., & BOLLINO, M. 2008. Nouvelles formes de papilio de la Republique Centraafricaine (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Lambillionea 108 (2): 189-193. [Papilio demodocus form splendida; Papilio nireus form radiosa]. VIEJO, J.L. 1984. Contribucion al conocimiento de las mariposas del Golfo de Guinea (Lep., Papilionoidea). Eos, Madrid 60: 335-369. VIEJO, J.L. 1990. Cosideraciones biogeograficas sobre las mariposas de las islas del Golfo de Guinea (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea). Shilap Revista de Lepidopterologia 18 No. 71: 239- 251. VIEJO, J.L., & IBERO-SOLANA, C. 1990. Los papilionidos de Guinea Ecuatorial (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Shilap Revista de Lepidopterologia 18 No. 72: 295-300. *VIEIRA, V. 2008. Lepidopteran fauna from the Sal Island, Cape Verde (Insecta: Lepidoptera). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 36 (142): 243-252. [new records: Zizeeria knysna; Danaus chrysippus] VIETTE, P. 1954. Etude d’une petite collection de Lepidopteres de la Reunion. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., Ser. 2 26: 506-510. *VIETTE, P. 1955. Notes on the lepidopterofauna of Madagascar. The Lepidopterists News 9 (2- 3): 61-66. VIETTE, P. 1956. Faune de Madagascar: Insectes, Lepidoptères, Hesperiidae. L'Institut de Recherche Scientifique, Tananarive-Tsimbazaza. 85 pp. [#book] VIETTE, P. 1957. Lepidopteres (excepte les Tordeuses et les Geomettrides). LMemoires de l’Institut scientifique de Madagascar 8: 137-226. VIETTE, P. 1958a. Lepidopteres recoltes a La Reunion por R. Richard, I-II 1957. Lambillionea 58: 37-44. [List of Hesperiidae for Reunion]

243 VIETTE, P. 1958b. Note sur de petites collections de lepidopteres recoltes aux iles Comoroes et en Aldabra. Lambillionea 58: 60-65. VIETTE, P. 1961. Les Lepidopteres Rhopaloceres de Madagascar: biogeographie et reparition. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 85: 353-360. VIETTE, P. 1962. Description d’un nouvel Apaturopsis de Madagascar (Lep. Nymphalidae Apaturinae). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 86: 670-672. VIETTE, P. 1971a. Note sur Cymothoe lambertoni Ch. Oberthur (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 76 (1-2): 32-34. VIETTE, P. 1971b. Contribution al’etude des Satyrides du massif de l’Andringitra, Madagascar Centre (Lep. Ntmphalidae Satyrinae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 76: 146-154. VIETTE, P. 1975a. Une nouvelle sous-espece de Charaxes Malgache. (Lep., Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 80 (3-4): 112. VIETTE, P. 1975b. Lepidopteres de la Reunion (=Bourbon) nouveux ou peu connus. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 80 (7-8): 211-218. VIETTE, P. 1978. La collection H. Stempffer au Museum de Paris. Entomologiste (Paris) 34 (1): 38-39. VIETTE, P. 1994. Notes sur quelques especes de Rhopaloceres de l'archipel des Mascareignes appartenant aux genres Antanartia, Salamis, Danaus et Euploea (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 99 (5): 517-524. VIETTE, P. 1995. Sur la localite-type (type locality) de Papilio phorbanta Linne, 1771, lepidoptere rhopalocere endemique de l'ile de la Reunion (Bourbon). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 100 (1): 62. *VILLET, M.H. 1982. Discovery of cotypes of Poecilmitis felthami felthami (Trimen) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in the Feltham collection. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 45 (1): 21. VILLET, M.H. 1986. The pupae and final instar larvae of Aslauga atrophifurca Cottrell (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 49 (1): 166-168. *VILLET, M.[H.] 1991. Skewed sex ratios in Iolaus (Epamera) mimosae Trimen (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 2 (3): 43. VILLIERS, A. 1949. Mission P.L. Dekeiser et A. Villiers en Guinée et Côte d’Ivoire (1946). Insectes (première partie). Catalogue de l’Institut Français de l’Afrique Noire 5: 1–90. VILLIERS, A. 1950. Contribution a l’etude de l’Air (Mission L. Choppard et A. Villiers) Lepidopteres Danaididae [Danaidae] et Nymphalidae. Memoires de l’Institut Francais d’Afrique Noire No. 10: 268. VILLIERS, A. 1957a. Les Lepidopteres de l’Afrique Noire Francaise. Initiations Africaines. Dakar. No. 14 (Fasc. 2 Papilionides): 48 + [1] pp. VILLIERS, A. 1957b. Papilionides in Les lepidopteres de l’Afrique noire francaise. Inst. Franc. Afr. Noire, Initiations africains 14 (2): 49 pp. [Papilionidae of West Africa] VILLIERS, A. 1957c. Les lepidopteres de l’Afrique noire francaise. Fasc. 1, Introduction, structure, moeurs, recolte, conservation, classification. Initiations africaines 14: 84pp. VINGERHOEDT, E. 1997. [Rearing of butterflies in Burundi (2): Charaxes druceanus obscura Rebel, 1914. (Lepidoptera. Nymphalidae)] Entomologia Africana 2 (2): 28-30. VINGERHOEDT, E. 1998. [Description of a new subspecies of Charaxes fournierae Le Moult, 1930 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae).] Entomologia Africana 3 (Supplement): 1-6. VINGERHOEDT, E. 1999. Sur les differentes formes de Charaxes cedreatis Hewitson, 1874 au Burundi et au Kivu (Nymphalidae, Charaxinae).] Entomologia Africana 4 (2): 21-26. VINGERHOEDT, E. 2003. Differentes formes de Charaxes galawadiwosi Plantrou & Rougeot, 1979 d’Ethiopie (Nymphalidae, Charaxinae). Entomologia Africana 8 (2): 7-13.

244 VINGERHOEDT, E. 2006. Notes sur Charaxes thysi Capronnier, 1889 et Charaxes taverniersi Berger, 1974 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 11 (2): 7-11. VINGERHOEDT, E., BASQUIN, P., ZAKHAROV, E. & ROUGERIE, R. 2009. Revision du statut taxonomique des membres du groupe de Charaxes zoolina (Westwood, 1850): approche morphologique et genetique (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 14 (2): 14-21. [Charaxes betsimisaraka, Charaxes ehmckei, Charaxes mafugensis] VINGERHOEDT, E. & BOUYER, T. 2012. Resurrection de Charaxes dewitzi Butler, 1895 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 17 (1): 5-9. ABSTRACT: The examination of the types of Charaxes dewitzi Butler, 1895 found at Museum Fur Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universitat of Berlin, brought us to select for it a lectotype, to validate it as bona species and to propose of Charaxes subrubidus van Someren, 1972 as a synonym of Charaxes dewitzi syn. nov [p.6]. VINGERHOEDT, E. & FARAVEL, G. 2009. Description d’une nouvelle espece: Charaxes basquini n. sp. et elevation de C. etheocles ochracea Rothschild, 1900 au reng d’espece (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Charaxinae). Lambillionea 109 (4) (Tome 1): 389-396. [Charaxes basquini, Gabon; Charaxes ochracea; C. ochracea f. alladinis; C. ochracea f. protoseriata] VINGERHOEDT, E., & LEONARD, P. 2006. A la recherche du Papillon Vert… Entomologia Africana 11 (1): 2-12. [checklist for Ivory Coast] VINGERHOEDT, E., & THIRY, J. 1996a. [Rearing of butterflies in Burundi (1): Charaxes opinatus Heron, 1909.] Entomologia Africana 1: 6-8. VINGERHOEDT, E., & THIRY, J. 1996b. [Description of a new subspecies of Charaxes anticlea (Drury, 1782). (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae).] Entomologia Africana 1: 9-12. VINGERHOEDT, E., & THIRY, J. 1997. [Rearing of butterflies in Burundi: Charaxes zoolina mafugensis Jackson, 1956.] Lambillionea 97 (2) (TomeI): 199-200. VINGERHOEDT, E., & THIRY, J. 1998. [Rearing of butterflies from Burundi (3): Charaxes mafuga van Someren, 1969.] Entomologia Africana 3 (Supplement): 7-9. VINGERHOEDT, E. & VANDE WEGHE, G. 2011. Description d’une nouvelle espece de Charaxes du Parc national Nyungwe au Rwanda: Charaxes nyungwensis nova sp. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Charaxinae). Lepidopteres (Paris) 20 (48): 2-6. Abstract: A new species of Charaxes of the etheocles (CRAMER, 1777) group, Charaxes nyungwensis sp. nova is described from the Nyungwe National Park, in South-West Rwanda. VINGERHOEDT, E., ZAKHAROV, E., ROUGERIE, R. & BOUYER, T. 2010. Revision du statut des membres du groupe de Charaxes acraeoides, Druce 1908; approche integrant morphologie, biogeographie et code barre ADN (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Entomologia Africana 15 (1): 36-48. VINSON, A. 1863. Salamis de Dupre. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (4) 3: 424- 426. VINSON, J. 1938. A catalogue of the Lepidoptera of the Mascarene Islands. Mauritius Institute Bulletin 1 (4): iv + 1-69. VIS, R. 2010. Recent geographic range expansion of Brephidium exilis (Boisduval, 1852) (Lycaenidae) in Oman, Arabian Peninsula. Nota Lepidopterologia 33 (1): 133-134. VISSIAN, N.S. 1976. A review of the southern African species of the genus Spindasis Wallengren (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Occasional Pap. natn. Mus. Monum. Rhod. (nat. Sci.) 5 (9): 511- 523. [Cigaritis] VIVES-MORENO A. 2004. In Memoriam Engenheiro José Passos de Carvalho (1937-2004). SHILAP Revista Lepidopterologia 32 (128): 269-274. VLIEGER, L. & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2007. The deflection hypothesis: eyespots on the margins of butterfly wings do not influence predation by lizards. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 92 (4): 661-667. [Bicyclus anynana] *VLOK, J. 1993. In defence of Cape Nature Conservation – a reply to Steve Woodhall. Metamorphosis 4 (4): 180-181. VOGELPOEL, L. 1987. New horizons in Disa breeding. The Orchid Review 95: 180-181.

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246 WALLENGREN, H.D.J. 1863. Lepidopterologische Mittheilungen. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 7: 137-151. WALLENGREN, H.D.J. 1872. Bidrag till Sodra Afrikas Fjarilfauna. Oversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akadeniens Forhandlingar. Stockholm 29 (3): 41-61. WALLENGREN, H.D.J. 1875. Insecta Transvaaliensia – Bidrag till Transvaalska Republikens I Sodra Afrika Insektfauna. Oversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akadeniens Forhandlingar. Stockholm 32 (1): 83-137. *WALMSLEY, C. 1994. Excursion to Zambia and Zimbabwe. Metamorphosis 5 (2): 75-76. WALTEMATHE, R. 2010. Neue Fundorte fuer zwei lokale Schmetterlingsarten auf La Reunion (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo 31 (3): 144. WALTERS, R. [Ed.] 1986. The crocodile caves of Ankarana. Report housed in the Natural History Museum, London. *WALTERT, M., BOBO, K.S., KAUPA, S., MONTOYA, M.C., NSANYI, M.S. & FERMON, H. 2011. Assessing conservation values: biodiversity and endemicity in tropical land use systems. PloS ONE 6 (1): 1-7. [Korup National Park, Cameroon] *WALTHER, K.C.F., & CAMILLO, R. 1997. A preliminary and annotated list of Lepidoptera - butterflies (Papilionoidea) and moths (Hesperiidae, Sphingidae, Saturnidae) – recorded from the Kingdom of Lesotho, Southern Africa. Metamorphosis 8 (3): 109-130. *WALTON, A. 2015. Going back west [Richtersveld National Park]. Babbel Blues Issue 3: 26-27. *WANG, H.-L., BRATTSTROM, O., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., FRANCKE, W. & LOFSTEDT, C. 2014. Identification and biosynthesis of novel male specific esters in the wings of the tropical butterfly, Bicyclus martius sanaos. Journal of Chemical Ecology 40(6): 549-559. *WARD, C. 1870a. Descriptions of new species of diurnal lepidoptera from Madagascar. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 6: 224-228. *WARD, C. 1870b. Descriptions of new species of diurnal lepidoptera from Madagascar. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 7: 30-32. *WARD, C. 1871. Description of new species of African diurnal lepidoptera. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 8: 34-36; 58-60; 81-82; 118-122. *WARD, C. 1872a. Descriptions of new species of diurnal lepidoptera from Madagascar. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 9: 2-3. *WARD, C. 1872b. Descriptions of new species of African diurnal lepidoptera. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 9: 147-149. *WARD, C. 1873a. Descriptions of new species of African lepidoptera. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 9: 209-210. *WARD, C. 1873b. Descriptions of new species of African lepidoptera. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 10: 59-60. *WARD, C. 1873c. Descriptions of new species of African lepidoptera. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 10: 151-152. *WARD, P. 1995. Zimbabwe eastern highlands in July. Metamorphosis 6 (4): 180-182. WARING, P. 1992. A butterfly and moth safari to the Bangangai Game Reserve on the Sudan/Zaire border. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society 51 (385): 264-283. WARING, P. 2016. Adventures with moths and butterflies in Ghana, West Africa, in late November 2011, including first workshop on Afrotropical Lepidoptera, part 2. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society 75 (521): 62-76. WARNECKE, G. 1929. Eine neue Pararge-Art aus Sud-Arabien: Pararge felix n. spec. Warn. (Lep. Rhopal.). Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 22: 365-367. WARNECKE, G. 1932. Ubereine Rasse des Papilio machaon L. (Lep. Rhop.) aus einem neuen, dem ersten Fluggebeit sudlich des Wende-Kreises: n. subsp. Rathjensi Warn. aus Sudwest- Arabien. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 25: 473-476.

247 WARNECKE, G. 1934. Ein zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Macrolepidopteren-Fauna Sudwest- Arabiens. Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft 24: 19-20. *WARREN, A.D. 2004. Book review – The Butterflies of Zambia. Journal of the Lepidopterist’s Society 58 (3): 185-186. *WARREN, A.D., OGAWA, J.R. & BROWER, A.V.Z. 2009. Revised classification of the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea) based on combined molecular and morphological data. Systematic Entomology 34 (3): 467-523. *WARREN, R.T. 1990a. Report on day trip to Doorndraai Dam. Metamorphosis 1 (25): 14-15. *WARREN, R.T. 1990b. Check list for Doorndraai Dam Nature Reserve. Metamorphosis 1 (25): 15-16. *WARREN, R.T. 1990c. Report on day trip to Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve. Metamorphosis 1 (25): 16-17. *WARREN, R.T. 1990d. Check list for Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve. Metamorphosis 1 (25): 17-18. *WARREN, R.T. 1990e. Report on day trip to Verloren Valei Nature Reserve. Metamorphosis 1 (25): 18-19. *WARREN, R.T. 1990f. Check list for Verloren Valei Nature Reserve. Metamorphosis 1 (25): 19- 20. *WARREN, W. & ROTHSCHILD, N.C. 1905. Lepidoptera from the Sudan. Novitates Zoologicae 12: 21-33. *WARREN-GASH, H. 1993a. Some new records of Lycaenidae from Kenya. Metamorphosis 4 (2): 83-86. *WARREN-GASH, H. 1993b. New records of Lycaenidae from Kenya: a postscript. Metamorphosis 4 (3): 113. (Lipaphnaeus aderna spindasoides, first record, Kenya). *WARREN-GASH, H. 1999. The liptenids of the Banco Forest: A case study in conservation. Metamorphosis 10 (2): 75-80. *WARREN-GASH, H. 2002. Collecting and conservation in Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa. Metamorphosis 13 (2): 44-50. WATANABE, M., & NISHIMURA, M. 2000. Reproductive output and egg maturation in relation to male-avoidance in monandrous females of the small copper, Lycaena phlaeas (Lycaenidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 54 (3): 83-87. *WATKINS, W. 1892. Papilio antimachus, female. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 28 (Series II, Vol. 3): 162, 189, Pl. V. *WATKINS, W. 1899. Drurya antimachus Drury, var. gigantea, var. nov. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 35: 109. *WATSON, E.Y. 1893. A proposed classification of the Hesperiidae, with a revision of the genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1893: 3-132. WATT, L. 2005. Critically endangered – Brenton blue butterfly. African Wildlife 59 (4): 37. WEEKS, A.G. 1905. Illustrations of hitherto unfigured Lepidoptera. Part I. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 2: 1-9. *WEI, C-H, LOHMAN, D.J., PEGGIE, D. & YEN, S-H. 2017. An illustrated checklist of the genus Hübner. 1818 (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). ZooKeys 676: 47-152. WELCH, G., & WELCH, H. 1986. Djibouti 2. Autumn ’85. 21a East Delph, Whittlesey, Cambridgeshire PE7 1RH: 1-197. [Rhopalocera; faunal list] WELLS, R.W. 1957. The life-history of Papilio euphranor Trimen (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 20: 117-119. WENDE, T. 1977. Acacia insects. Redwing 1977: 15-19. [Check for mention of butterflies] WESSELS, K.J., REYERS, B., & VAN JAARSVELD, A.S. 2000. Incorporating land cover information into regional biodiversity assessments in South Africa. Animal Conservation 3 (1): 67-79. WEST, B.K. 1983. Precis octavia Cram. (Lep.: Nymphalidae): emergence of wet and dry season

248 forms from collected larvae. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 95 (1-2): 6. *WEST, B.K. 1992. Farther afield - Togo. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 104 (9- 10): 257-263. *WEST, B.K. 1994. Function of tails in flight by some African lycaenid butterflies. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 106 (7-8): 133-134. (Hypolycaena antifaunus; Hypolycaena lebona). WESTENBERGER, A. 1996. [Breeding of Zizeeria knysna (Trimen 1862).] Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo 17 (1): 113-114. *WESTERMAN, E.L., DRUCKER, C.B. & MONTEIRO, A. 2014. Male and female mating behavior is dependent on social context in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Journal of Insect Behavior 27: 478-495. WESTWOOD, J.O. [1838]-1840. An introduction to the modern classification of insects founded on the natural habits and corresponding organization of the different families 2 Synopsis of the genera of British Insects 158 pp. London. WESTWOOD, J.O. [1842-1843]. Arcana Entomologica; or illustrations of new, rare, and interesting species 1: iv + 192 pp. *WESTWOOD, J.O. 1842. V. Insectorum novorum Centuria auctore. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 9: 36-39. WESTWOOD, J.O. 1864. Charaxes Argynnides, Westw. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 1864: 10. *WESTWOOD, J.O. 1870. Description of an undescribed species of diurnal lepidoptera from tropical Africa. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 6: 278. *WESTWOOD, J.O. 1872. V. Descriptions of some new Papilionidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1872: 85-110. WESTWOOD, J.O. 1874. Thesaurus Entomologicus Oxoniensis or illustrations of new, rare, and interesting insects for the most part contained in the collections presented to the University of Oxford xxiv + 205 pp. Oxford. WESTWOOD, J.O. 1881. Entomology. In: OATES, F. Matabele Land and the Victoria Falls 331-365 [1st edition] London. *WESTWOOD, J.O. 1889. Entomology. In: OATES, F. Matabele Land and the Victoria Falls 338-388 [2nd edition] London. *WEYMER, G. 1892. Exotischer Lepidopteren VI. (Aus dem afrikanischen Faunengebiet). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 53: 79-125. WEYMER, G. 1901. Beitrag zur Lepidopterenfauna von Angola. Entomologische Zeitschrift. Frankfurt a.M. 15: 61-64; 65-67; 69-70. WEYMER, G. 1903. Einige afrikanische Lepidopteren. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 16: 221-235. WEYMER, G. 1907. Exotische Lepidopteren. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 20: 1-51. WEYMER, G. 1908a. Einige neue Lepidopteren des Deutschen Entom. National-Museums, gesammelt von Dr. F. Cr. Wellman in Benguella. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 1908: 507-513. WEYMER, G. 1908b. Einige neue Lepidopteren des Deutschen Entom. National-Museums. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Iris 1908: 728-735. *WHITE, A. 1843. Descriptions of some apparently new insects from the Congo, sent to England by Mr. Curror, Surgeon R.N., and the late Mr. John Cranch. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12 (1): 262-268. WHITE, C.M.N. 1956. Northern Rhodesian butterflies (Papilionidae and Pieridae). The Northern Rhodesian Journal 111: 14-21. WHITE, F. 1962. The forest flora of Northern Rhodesia. Oxford University Press. [Reports the larval food plant for Charaxes gallagheri]

249 WHITE, R.S. 1976. A note on Charaxes baumanni Rogenhofer (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Arnoldia, Rhodesia 7 (38): 1-3. *WHITE, R.S. 1978. A new form of Charaxes penricei penricei (Lep.: Nymphalidae) from Rhodesia. Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation 90 (3): 57. [ab. paraperpullus; Zimbabwe] WHITE, R.S. 1996. A new Charaxes from the Mwanihana Forest in Tanzania. (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 96 (Numero Special): 49-51. WHITE, R.S., & GRANT, T.A. 1986. A new species of Charaxes from Tanzania (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Charaxinae). Lambillionea 86 (11-12): 133-136. WHITE, R.S., & GRANT, T.A. 1989. Descriptions of two new subspecies of Charaxes dilutus Rothschild from Malawi (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 89 (3-4): 35-39. *WHITE, T.E., MACEDONIA, J., BIRCH, D., DAWES, J. & KEMP, D.J. 2012. The nanoanatomical basis of sexual dimorphism in iridescent butterfly colouration. Australian Journal of Zoology 60 (2): 101-107. Abstract: Structurally generated colours are at least as commonplace and varied components of animal signals as pigment colours, yet we know far less about the former, both in terms of the patterns and phenotypic variation and of their underlying correlates and causes. Many butterflies exhibit bright and iridescent colour signals that arise from a characteristic 'ridge- lamellar' scale surface nanoarchitecture. Although there are multiple axes of functional variation in these traits, few have been investigated. Here we present evidence that sexual dimorphism in the expression of a sexually homologous ridge- lamellar trait (iridescent ultraviolet) is mediated by sex differences in the density of lamellar-bearing scale ridges. This trait - ridge density - has also been causally related to iridescent signal variation in other coliadines (e. g. C. eurytheme), which suggests that it may offer a common basis to both intra- and intersexual differences in ultraviolet wing reflectance among these butterflies. [Eurema hecabe] WHYBROW, C. 1940. Preliminary list of some butterflies taken near Malangali – with notes. Tanganyika Notes and Records (9): 37-41. WICHGRAF, F. 1909. Beschreibung neuer Formen der Gattung Acraea F. aus Rhodesia, Mashunaland und Angola. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 53: 240-247. WICHGRAF, F. 1911. Einige neue afrikanische Lepidopteren. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 5: 173-175. WICHGRAF, F. 1913. Eine neue athiopische Limacodide und anders. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 7: 9-10; 13-14; 21-22. WICHGRAF, F. 1914. Neues aus der afrikanischen Lepidopteren-Fauna. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitung 1914: 345-353. WICHGRAF, F. 1918. Neue afrikanische Lepidopteren. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 12: 26-30. WICHGRAF, F. 1921. Neue afrikanische Lepidopteren aus der Ertlschen Sammlung. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift 14: 171-172; 179-180; 195-197. WIJNGAARDEN, P.J., & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2000. The genetic basis of eye spot size in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana: An analysis of line crosses. Heredity 85 (5): 471-479. WIJNGAARDEN, P.J., & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2001. Lack of response to artificial selection on the slope of reaction norms for seasonal polyphenism in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Heredity 87 (4): 410-420. WIJNGAARDEN, P.J., KOCH, P.B., & BRAKEFIELD, P.M. 2002. Artificial selection on the shape of reaction norms for eyespot size in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana: direct and correlated responses. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 15 (2): 290-300. WILEY, A.J., & HUDSON, J.R. 1943. Some common butterflies of the Nairobi district. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society 17: 204-228. *WILKERSON, M.L., ROCHE, L.M. & YOUNG, T.P. 2013. Indirect effects of domestic and wild herbivores on butterflies in an African savanna. Ecology and Evolution 3 (11): 3672- 3682. WILKINSON, R., & BEECROFT, R. 1988. Kagoro Forest conservation study. (Forest outliers in Jema’s Division, Kaduna State, Nigeria). International Council for Bird Preservation Study

250 Report No. 28: 1-81. Cambridge. [Checklist of Charaxinae] *WILLIAMS, A.A.E. 2006. Butterfly observations on Mauritius Island, with notes on three recently introduced lycaenids, Leptomyrina phidias (fabricius), Petrelaea sichela reticulum (mabille) and Chilades pandava (horsfield) (lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Western Australian Insect Study Society Newsletter. February, 2006: 7-12. WILLIAMS, C.B. 1939. Records of butterfly migration in Africa. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society, London A 14: 69-74. WILLIAMS, C.B. 1951. The migrations of libytheine butterflies in Africa. Nigerian Field 16: 152- 159. WILLIAMS, C.B. 1954. Notes on some migrations of butterflies in West Africa. Entomologist 87: 203-206. [Libythea labdaca, Phalanta phalantha] WILLIAMS, C.B. 1976. The migrations of the hesperid [hesperiid] butterfly, Andronymous [Andronymus] neander Plötz in Africa. Ecological Entomology 1 (3): 213-220. WILLIAMS, J.G. 1969. A field guide to the butterflies of Africa 238 pp. Collins, London. [#book] WILLIAMS, J.G. 1981. A field guide to the national parks of East Africa. Collins, London. WILLIAMS, J.R. 1989. Butterflies of Mauritius. [iv] + 40 + [4] pp. Precigraph, Pailles. [#book] WILLIAMS, J.R. 2007. Butterflies of Mauritius, 2nd ed.. Bioculture Press, Mauritius; 48 pp. WILLIAMS, K. 2006. Ivor Migdoll collection. Palmnut Post 9 (1): 19. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 1985. Breeding butterflies in captivity. Part I. Introduction. Metamorphosis 1 (13): 1-3. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 1986. Breeding butterflies in captivity. Part II. Breeding Danaidae. Metamorphosis 1 (17): 6. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 1990. Observations of the biology of Lepidochrysops plebeia plebeia Butler (Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae). Metamorphosis 1 (27): 10-11. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 1993a. Butterflies and moths of Pilanesberg National Park. Metamorphosis 4 (1): 19-21. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 1993b. Pilanesberg Lepidoptera survey. Metamorphosis 4 (3): 118-119. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 1993c. Book review: The butterflies of Kenya and their natural history by T.B. Larsen. African Entomology 1 (1): 134-135. *WILLIAMS, M. [C.] 1994a. Butterflies of southern Africa: A field guide. Southern Book Publishers, Halfway House: i-ix, 1-303. [#book] *WILLIAMS, M.C. 1994b. Life history of Lepidochrysops rossouwi Henning & Henning. In: PRINGLE, E.L.L. ET AL., 1994. Pennington’s butterflies of Southern Africa, 2nd edition, Struik-Winchester, Cape Town. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 1996a. Report on research findings concerning the life history and ecology of the Brenton blue, Orachrysops niobe (Trimen) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 7 (1): 3-7. *WILLIAMS, M. [C.] 1996b. Studying the early stages of Lepidoptera in Southern Africa. Metamorphosis 7 (2): 56-64. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 1996c. New larval foodplant records for some South African butterflies. Metamorphosis 7 (3): 131-135. *WILLIAMS, M. [C.] 1997. The distribution of Cymothoe alcimeda (Godart) compared to the distribution of its larval host-plant, wild peach (Kiggelaria africana Linnaeus) [Letter to the Editor]. Metamorphosis 8 (4): 191-193. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 1999. Taxonomic changes affecting the Afrotropical butterflies and skippers (Lepidoptera) since the publication of Carcasson’s butterflies of Africa – part 1: Lycaenidae. Metamorphosis 10 (2): 52-69. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 2002. A new subspecies of Lepidochrysops neavei (Bethune-Baker, 1923) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) from Malawi. Metamorphosis 13 (2): 64-67. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 2006a. Notes on oviposition behaviours in three South African lycaenid

251 butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 17 (1): 33-39. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 2006b. What do the larvae of Alaena amazoula (Boisduval, 1847) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Poritiinae) feed on? Metamorphosis 17 (4): 140-150. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 2007. The nymphaline genera Precis Hübner, [1819] and Junonia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): Resolution of a long-standing debate. Metamorphosis 18 (2): 56-60. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 2008a. South African biomes hostile to butterflies. Part 1. Penetrators and endemics. Metamorphosis 19 (1): 9-26. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 2009. Two specials in two weekends – rediscovering Lepidochrysops lotana and Dingana fraterna. Metamorphosis 20 (1): 11-14. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 2013. Publications on Afrotropical Lepidoptera during 2013. Metamorphosis 24: 61-72. Abstract: The articles published during 2013 which deal with scientific research into Afrotropical Lepidoptera are listed alphabetically by author and abstracts are provided if they were published. Articles deaqling with control of Lepidoptera as pests are excluded. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 2014. Publications on Afrotropical Lepidoptera during 2014. Metamorphosis 25: 156-173. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 2014. The use of pheromones by skipper butterflies. Babbel Blues Issue 1: 23. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 2015. Classification of the Afrotropical butterflies to generic level. Metamorphosis 26: 102-108. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 2015. Publications on Afrotropical Lepidoptera during 2015. Metamorphosis 26: 109-115. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 2015. The history of butterfly collecting in South Africa. Babbel Blues Issue 3: 14-17. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 2015. The history of butterfly collecting in South Africa – part 2. Babbel Blues Issue 4: 19-23. *WILLIAMS, M.C. 2016. Butterflies and skippers of the Afrotropical Region. http://www.metamorphosis.org.za/?p=articles&s=atb. [#book; web-based] *WILLIAMS, M.C. 2017. Afrotropical Lepidoptera publications during 2016–2017. Metamorphosis 28: 55–56. *WILLIAMS, M.C. & ALTENROXEL, B. 2014. The butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Lekgalameetse Provincial Park, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Metamorphosis 25: 126- 137. *WILLIAMS, M.C., & BOOMKER, J. 1980. The life cycle of Charaxes marieps (Nymphalidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 34 (3): 295-301. *WILLIAMS, M.C., DOBSON, J.C.H., BODE, J.G. & BODE, Y. 2016. The occurrence and life history of Iolaus (Epamera) nasisii (Riley, 1928) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in South Africa. Metamorphosis 27: 3-5. *WILLIAMS, M.C., & JOANNOU, J.G. 1996. Observations on the oviposition behaviour and larvae of Thestor basutus capeneri Dickson (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Miletinae) in South Africa. Metamorphosis 7 (1): 12-16. *WILLIAMS, M.C., PRINGLE, E.L., GREYLING, J. & MAYER, A. 2015. Annotated checklist of the butterflies of the Dwesa and Cwebe nature reserves, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Metamorphosis 26: 83-93. *WILLIAMS, M.C., & PUTTERILL, J.F. 1998. The morphology and behaviours of the pre- imaginal stages of Iolaus (Iolaphilus) trimeni Wallengren (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Metamorphosis 9 (3): 105-123. *WILLIAMS, M.C., & WILLIAMS, M. 2005. Butterflies and skippers of Kgaswane Mountain Reserve (Rustenburg Nature Reserve), North West Province, South Africa. Metamorphosis 16 (1): 15-23. *WILLIAMS, M.C., & WOODHALL, S.E. 2006. Notes on scent marking by means of an

252 androconial brush organ in the skipper Coeliades forestan (Stoll, [1782]) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Coeliadinae). Metamorphosis 17 (2): 42-45. WILLIS, C.K. 2008. Jewels of the veld – join in the treasure hunt: surveying butterflies. Veld & Flora June 2008: 92-95. *WILLIS, C.K. 2009. Amidst the butterflies of southwestern Angola. Metamorphosis 20 (3): 74- 88. *WILLIS, C.K. 2010. SABCA – perspectives from a citizen scientist. Metamorphosis 21 (3): 128- 135. *WILLIS, C.K. 2013. Conservation assessment of butterflies of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland: Red List and Atlas – Mecenero et al. (eds). Metamorphosis 24: 15-17. *WILLIS, C.K. & EDGE, D.A. 2015. Oviposition and mating behaviour in Orachrysops warreni G.A. & S.F. Henning, 1994 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Metamorphosis 26: 1-3. *WILLIS, C.K. & WILLIAMS, M.C. 2014. Oviposition behaviour in MacGregor’s Blue (Lepidochrysops mcgregori) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), in South Africa. Metamorphosis 25: 152-153. WILLIS, C.K. & WOODHALL, S.E. 2010. Butterflies of South Africa’s National Botanical Gardens. An illustrated checklist. SANBI Biodiversity Series 16. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. i-vi, 1-232. WILLMOTT, K.R. 2003. Cladistic analysis of the Neotropical butterfly genus Adelpha (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), with comments on the subtribal classification of Limenitidini. Systematic Entomology 28 (3): 279-322. [Bebeariina Hemming, junior syn. of Euthaliina; revision of subtribal classification of Limenitidini; Neptina referred to Limenitidina; Cymothoe and Pseudoneptis regarded as incertae sedis.] WILSON, C.E. 1949. Butterflies of the northern and central Sudan. Sudan Notes and Records 30: 222-244. WILSON, C.E. 1953. Butterflies of the southern Sudan. Sudan Notes and Records 34: 73-103. *WILTS, B.D., PIRIH, P. & STAVENGA, D.G. 2011. Spectral reflectance properties of iridescent pierid butterfly wings. Journal of Comparative Physiology A (Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology) 197 (6): 693-702. Abstract: The wings of most pierid butterflies exhibit a main, pigmentary colouration: white, yellow or orange. The males of many species have in restricted areas of the wing upper sides a distinct structural colouration, which is created by stacks of lamellae in the ridges of the wing scales, resulting in iridescence. The amplitude of the reflectance is proportional to the number of lamellae in the ridge stacks. The angle-dependent peak wavelength of the observed iridescence is in agreement with classical multilayer theory. The iridescence is virtually always in the ultraviolet wavelength range, but some species have a blue-peaking iridescence. The spectral properties of the pigmentary and structural colourations are presumably tuned to the spectral sensitivities of the butterflies' photoreceptors. [Includes Colotis regina in their analysis] WILTS, B.D., TRZECIAK, T.M., VUKUSIC, P., STAVENGA, D.G. 2012. Papiliochrome II pigment reduces the angle dependency of structural wing colouration in nireus group papilionids. Journal of Experimental Biology 215 (5): 796-805. Abstract: The wings of four papilionid butterfly species of the nireus group, Papilio bromius, P. epiphorbas, P. nireus and P. oribazus, are marked by blue-green coloured bands surrounded by black margins. The cover scales in the coloured bands contain a violet-absorbing, blue-fluorescing pigment. The fluorescence and absorbance spectra of the nireus group wings are very similar to those of the wings of the Japanese yellow swallowtail, Papilio xuthus, and thus the pigment is presumably papiliochrome II. The scale structures of P. xuthus are arranged irregularly, and both the fluorescence and light reflection are diffuse. In the nireus papilionids, the spatial fluorescence distribution of the scales is also diffuse, but the reflection is specular. The scales have a multilayered structure, consisting of two main laminae. We show that the papiliochrome II pigment in the upper lamina of the scales functions as a violet-blocking long-pass filter in front of the lower lamina, thus limiting the reflectance spectrum to the blue-green wavelength range. Optical modelling showed that the papiliochrome II filter effectively removes the angle dependency of the reflectance spectra – that is, it reduces the wing iridescence. The contribution of the fluorescence signal to the visual appearance is minor. WILTSHIRE, E.P. 1949. Middle-East Lepidoptera, IX. New species and forms from Arabia and Persia, with a description of the genus Tamsola from Iraq. Bulletin de la Societe Fouad Ier d’Entomologie 33: 353-372. WILTSHIRE, E.P. 1950. Some notes on the Shatt el Arab oasis and its insects. Entomologist’s

253 Record 62: 37-40, 45-49. [Is this Afrotropical?] WILTSHIRE., E.P. 1956. Notes on the diapause of Lepidoptera in hot arid subtropical climates. The Lepidopterists’ News 10 (6): 201-203. WILTSHIRE, E.P. 1986. Lepidoptera of Saudi Arabia: fam. Cossidae, Sesiidae, Metarbelidae, Lasiocampidae, Sphingidae, Geometrida, Lymantriidae, Arctiidae, Nolidae, Noctuidae (Heterocera); fam. Satyridae (Rhopalocera). (Part 5). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 8: 262-323. WINDIG, J.J. 1993. Seasonal polyphenism in Bicyclus safitza: a continuous reaction norm. Netherlands Journal of Zoology 42 (4): 583-594. WINDIG, J.J. 1994a. Reaction norms and the genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity in the wing pattern of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 7 (6): 665-695. WINDIG, J.J. 1994b. Genetic correlations and reaction norms in wing pattern of the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Heredity 73 (5): 459-470. WINDIG, J.J., BRAKEFIELD, P.M., REITSMA, N., & WILSON, J.G.M. 1994. Seasonal polyphenism in the wild: survey of wing patterns in five species of Bicyclus butterflies in Malawi. Ecological Entomology 19 (3): 285-298. WINHARD, W. 1996. Konvergente Farbmusterentwicklungen bei Tagfaltern. Freilanduntersuchungen in Asien, Afrika und Sudamerika. Spixiana Supplement 21: 1-192. WITT, A.B.R., & RAJAONARISON, J.H. 2004. Insects associated with Bryophyllum delagoense (Crassulaceae) in Madagascar and prospects for biological control of this weed. African Entomology 12 (1): 1-7. [Leptomyrina phidias] WOJTUSIAK, J., & KNOOP, D.P. 1994. A new species of Euriphene from south eastern Nigeria (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 94 (1) (Tome II): 95-97. WOJTUSIAK, J., & PYRCZ, T.W. 1995. Observations on the postembryonic development and comments on the systematic status of the butterfly, Kamilla cymodoce Cramer, 1777 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Lambillionea 95 (1) (Tome II): 116-120. WOJTUSIAK, J., & PYRCZ, T.W. 1997. Taxonomy of three butterfly species from the islands of Sao Tome and Principe in the Gulf of Guinea: Neptis larseni n. sp., Charaxes thomasius n. stat., Papilio furvus n. stat. (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidaea). Lambillionea 97 (1): 53-63. *WOLLASTON, T.V. 1879. Notes on the Lepidoptera of St. Helena, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 3: 219-233; 329-343; 415-441. WOOD, P.A., & SAMWAYS, M.J. 1991. Landscape element pattern and continuity of butterfly flight paths in an ecologically landscaped botanic garden, Natal, South Africa. Biological Conservation 58 (2): 149-166. WOODHALL, S.E. 1987a. Surveying Lepidoptera in nature reserves. Proceedings of the First Lepidoptera Symposium, Roodepoort, South Africa, 8th August, 1987: 12-14. *WOODHALL, S. [E.] 1987b. An interesting butterfly spot in Venda. Metamorphosis 1 (19): 1-2. *WOODHALL, S. [E.] 1987c. Lapalala Wilderness – visit 13-14 Dec 1986. Metamorphosis 1 (19): 8-9. *WOODHALL, S.E. 1989a. Report on Lepidopterists’ Society visit to Lapalala Wilderness 1 to 2 October 1988. Metamorphosis 1 (23): 3-5. *WOODHALL, S.E. 1989b. Trip to Namaqualand. Metamorphosis 1 (23): 2-3. *WOODHALL, S.E. 1989c. Hill topping in the Magaliesberg by Aphnaeus hutchinsonii Trimen, 1887. – Some observations. Metamorphosis 1 (24): 3. *WOODHALL, S. [E.] 1991a. The Transvaal home of Charaxes zoolina. Metamorphosis 2 (2): 27. *WOODHALL, S. [E.] 1991b. Transkei ahoy! Metamorphosis 2 (3): 5-12. *WOODHALL, S. [E.] 1991c. Photographer’s corner No. 2. Metamorphosis 2 (1): 32-34. *WOODHALL, S. [E.] 1991d. 1991 Photographic competition. Metamorphosis 2 (1): 34-35. *WOODHALL, S. [E.] 1991e. Photographer’s corner No. 4. Metamorphosis 2 (3): 53-54. WOODHALL, S.E. [Ed.] 1992a. A practical guide to butterflies and moths in southern Africa.

254 Lepidopterists' Society of Southern Africa, Florida Hills, South Africa: 1-223. [#book] WOODHALL, S.E. 1992b. Butterflies: collecting and field techniques. In: Woodhall-SE [Ed.] A Practical Guide to Butterflies and Moths in Southern Africa. Lepidopterists' Society of Southern Africa, Florida Hills, South Africa: 1-223, chapter pagination: 43-69. WOODHALL, S.E. 1992c. Introduction. In: Woodhall-SE [Ed.] A Practical Guide to Butterflies and Moths in Southern Africa. Lepidopterists' Society of Southern Africa, Florida Hills, South Africa: 1-223, chapter pagination: 1-5. *WOODHALL, S. [E.] 1992d. Zululand seldom disappoints! Metamorphosis 3 (1): 21-24. WOODHALL, S.[E.] 1992e. Butterflies of Golden Gate. Custos 21 (4): 28-30. *WOODHALL, S. [E.] 1992f. Photographer’s corner No. 6. Metamorphosis 3 (1): 35-36. *WOODHALL, S. [E.] 1992g. Photographer’s corner No. 7. Metamorphosis 3 (2): 76. *WOODHALL, S. [E.] 1992h. Photographer’s corner No. 8. Metamorphosis 3 (3): 125. *WOODHALL, S. [E.] 1993a. Escape to the Cape. Metamorphosis 4 (3): 122-126. *WOODHALL, S. [E.] 1993b. Springtime in Zimbabwe 1993 (or, beers, mud puddles and butterfly-eating dogs). Metamorphosis 4 (4): 173-179. WOODHALL, S.[E.] 1993c. Butterflies. Getaway 5 (2): 84-87. *WOODHALL, S.E. 1993d. 1993 AGM and Conference. Metamorphosis 4 (4): 140-143. *WOODHALL, S.E. 1994a. Report on Lepidopterist's Society visit to Lapalala Wilderness 18th- 19th February 1994. Metamorphosis 5 (2): 58-65. *WOODHALL, S.E. 1994b. Survey of Modderfontein Conservation Park. Metamorphosis 5 (2): 70-71. *WOODHALL, S.E. 1994c. Notes on the early stages of three species of Platylesches Holland (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Metamorphosis 5 (3): 127-131. *WOODHALL, S.E. 1995a. Butterfly hunting in the Eastern Cape – Amatola District, December 1994/January 1995. Metamorphosis 6 (1): 10-18. *WOODHALL, S.E. 1995b. The effects of alternative larval foodplants on the morphology of adult Charaxes ethalion ethalion (Boisduval, 1847) and Charaxes vansoni Van Someren, 1975 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Metamorphosis 6 (2): 67-71. *WOODHALL, S.E. 1995c. The great Mariepskop adventure. Metamorphosis 6 (3): 151-155. *WOODHALL, S. 1995 d. Bill Henning – Editor of Metamorphosis from 1990 to 1995. Metamorphosis 6 (2): 50-51. *WOODHALL, S.E. 1996a. The plight of Poecilmitis lyncurium (Trimen, 1868). Metamorphosis 7 (1): 34-36. *WOODHALL, S.E. 1996b. Butterfly safari to Londolozi – November 1995. Metamorphosis 7 (2): 52-55. *WOODHALL, S.E. 1996c. Misty mountain hop – satyrid hunting in the north eastern Cape Drakensberg. Metamorphosis 7 (3): 103-108. *WOODHALL, S.E. 1997a. Swartberg safari – chased by clouds again 9-16 November 1996. Metamorphosis 8 (1): 7-12. *WOODHALL, S.E. 1997b. The green hills of Africa (with apologies to E M Hemingway). Metamorphosis 8 (2): 62-69. *WOODHALL, S.E. 1997c. Little corners of paradise – Safari to Mpaphuli Cycad Reserve and Entabeni Forest, Northern Province, South Africa, 30/31 August 1997. Metamorphosis 8 (4): 160-163. *WOODHALL, S.E. 1998. Chrysoritis adonis and other wondrous beasties, December 5-20, 1997. Metamorphosis 9 (1): 40-46. *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 1999. Bits and pieces of collecting. Metamorphosis 10 (1): 31-38. *WOODHALL, S.E. 2000a. The big event. Second International Lepidopterist’s Conference of Africa Kirstenbosch, Cape Town, 4-6 November 1999. Metamorphosis 11 (1): 21-27. *WOODHALL, S.E. 2000b. Aberrations and how to catch them. Metamorphosis 11 (1): 28-32.

255 [Aloeides rileyi form pallida; Lepidochrysops ignota form fortuna; Lepidochrysops patricia form radiata; Acraea neobule form melanica; Acraea satis form donatis; Pseudonympha varii form caeca; Colotis danae annae form steeleii]. *WOODHALL, S.E. 2000c. The dance of the seven veils. Metamorphosis 11 (4): 185-188. *WOODHALL, S.E. 2000d. Deep forest. Metamorphosis 11 (4): 189-199. *WOODHALL, S. [E.] 2001. Looking for Dira. Metamorphosis 12 (2): 50-52. *WOODHALL, S.E. 2002a. “Up the hill and down again” – Gauteng/KwaZulu-Natal Branch visit to Lesotho, 19 and 20 January, 2002. Metamorphosis 13 (2): 58-63. *WOODHALL, S.E. 2002b. Port St Johns – ten years after. Metamorphosis 13 (3): 69-77. *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2002c. I thought I saw a butterfly – Ndumu River Lodge, June 2002. Metamorphosis 13 (4): 99-104. *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2003. In the Eastern Cape with Ernest and Anne Pringle. Metamorphosis 14 (1): 3-7. *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2004a. Desert Rose – Acraea trimeni and other fireproof butterflies. Metamorphosis 15 (2): 62-65. *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2004b. The end of an excuse. Metamorphosis 15 (2): 83-86. *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2004c. 2003 Photographic competition and beyond. Metamorphosis 15 (2): 87-88. *WOODHALL, S.E. 2005a. Field guide to butterflies of South Africa. Struik, Cape Town, 1-437. [#book] *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2005b. Book review: ‘Hazards of Butterfly Collecting’ by Torben B. Larsen. Metamorphosis 16 (4): 91-92. *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2005c. Too much of a good thing – Wild Coast, March 19-28 2005. Metamorphosis 16 (4): 97-102. WOODHALL, S. 2005d. Bring on the butterflies. South African Garden Guide March, 2005: 32- 35. WOODHALL, S. 2005e. Big and bold butterflies. South African Garden Guide August, 2005: 36- 37, 39, 41. *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2006a. A year in KwaZulu-Natal. Metamorphosis 17 (2): 70-74. *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2006b. Book review: ‘Bring Butterflies back to your Garden’ by Charles & Julia Botha. Metamorphosis 17 (2): 75-76. *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2006c. Quo Vadis Lepsoc – Some ideas about the future. Metamorphosis 17 (2): 77-79. *WOODHALL, S.E. 2006d. Mellow yellow – A short Zambian safari. Metamorphosis 17 (3): 108-116. *WOODHALL, S.E. 2008a. Letter from KZN – January 2008. Metamorphosis 19 (1): 3-8. *WOODHALL, S. 2008b. What’s that butterfly?: a starter’s guide to butterflies of South Africa. Struik, Cape Town; 144 pp. [#book] *WOODHALL, S. [E.] 2008c. A nine-day Wonder – Zululand April/May 2008. Metamorphosis 19 (4): 165-172. [Popular account of collecting trip; KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa] *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2009a. President’s Comments – No Butterfly Is Worth A Friendship, and other thoughts. Metamorphosis 20 (1): 2-4. *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2009b. Letter to the Editor – A new food plant record for Euchrysops barkeri (Trimen, 1893) (Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae). Metamorphosis 20 (1): 5. *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2009c. Letter from KZN. Metamorphosis 20 (1): 15-28. [Collecting notes; KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa] *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2009d. Strange behaviour from a Myrina dermaptera dermaptera (Scarce Fig-tree Blue) male. Metamorphosis 20 (1): 38-39. *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2009e. Letter to the Editor. Metamorphosis 20 (2): 64-66. [Butterflies feeding on grass inflorescences] *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2009f. Technology wins again… Abantis bicolor new locality near Durban. Metamorphosis 20 (3): 103-105.

256 *WOODHALL, S.E. 2010a. Life history of Saffron Sapphire Iolaus (Aphniolaus) pallene (Wallengren, 1857) compared to that of Bowker’s Marbled Sapphire Stugeta bowkeri tearei Dickson, 1980. Metamorphosis 21 (1): 39-42. *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2010b. Letter from the President. Metamorphosis 21 (4): 160-162. *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2010c. A vision for the Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa – 2020. The high road. Metamorphosis 21 (4): 163-168. *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2011. Letter from the President. The future of LepSoc… Metamorphosis 22 (3 & 4): 125-130. *WOODHALL, S.[E.] 2013. Observations on the life history of the Blotched Leopard, Lachnoptera ayresii Trimen, 1879 (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae). Metamorphosis 24: 1-2. *WOODHALL, S.E. 2014. Book Review: Butterflies of the Kruger National Park and Surrounds – Herbert Otto. Metamorphosis 25: 154-155. *WOODHALL, S.[E.]. 2015. Exploring the Eastern Cape. Babbel Blues Issue 3: 4-13. WOOLMER, J. 1999. Hilltopping in France and Kenya – summer 1999. Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists’ Society 58 (427): 221-222. (Charaxes castor; Papilio rex - sighting records, Kakamega Forest, Kenya). WU, D., HAO, J., Z, G., CHEN, N., SU, C., PAN, H., & ZHANG, X. 2007. Phylogenetic relationships of butterflies in the subfamily Limenitinae [Limenitidinae] based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences. Zoological Research 28 (1): 1-8. WU, D., ZHU, G., CHEN, N., SU, C., & HAO, J. 2007. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Limenitinae [Limenitidinae] (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) based on mitochondrial COI gene sequences. Shengming Kexue Yanjiu 11 (1): 64-71. *WYKEHAM, C. 1991. On the lighter side. Metamorphosis 2 (3): 28-29. *WYKEHAM, C. 1992. Mkuzi camp 1958. Metamorphosis 3 (1): 15-16. *WYKEHAM, C., & PRINGLE, E. 1992. Obituary: Charles Gordon Campbell Dickson, 1907- 1991. Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation 104 (1-2): 53-56. WYKES, N.G. 1950. The African Charaxes. Proceedings and Transactions of the South London Entomological and Natural History Society 1948-49: 165-168. XAVIER, A. 2008. Seasonal variation in the common evening brown butterfly. Bugs ‘R’ All 16: 7- 8. [Melanitis leda; India] XU, L., HAO, J.S., ZHU, G.P., YIN, X.B., PAN, H.C., HUANG, D.Y. & ZHANG, X.P. 2007. Molecular phylogenetic relationships of some species and genera in Pierinae and Coliadnae [Coliadinae] (Pieridae) based on partial sequence of mitochondrial CO I and Cyt b genes. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 32 (4): 842-850. *YAGO, M., HIRAI, N., KONDO, M., TANIKAWA, T., ISHII, M., WANG, M., WILLIAMS, M. & UESHIMA, R. 2008. Molecular systematics and biogeography of the genus Zizina (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Zootaxa 1746: 15-38. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2008/f/zt01746p038.pdf YAMAGUCHI, S. 1981. The account of taking pictures of Druryia [Papilio] antimachus [In Japanese]. Yadoriga Nos 105-106: 11-18. [Illustrated account of collecting trip in the Democratic Republic of Congo] YAMANAKA, A., KOMETANI, M., YAMAMOTO, K., TSUJIMURA, Y., MOTOMURA, M., KITAZAWA, C. & ENDO, K. 2009. Hormonal control of pupal coloration in the painted lady butterfly Vanessa cardui. Journal of Insect Physiology 55 (6): 512-517. YATA, O. 1988. A revision of the Old World species of the genus Eurema Hűbner (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Kyushu University, Fukuoka: i-vii, 1-661. [#book] YATA, O. 1989. A revision of the Old World species of the genus Eurema Hűbner (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Part 1. Phylogeny and zoogeography of the subgenus Terias Swainson and description of the subgenus Eurema Hűbner. Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History No. 9: 1-103.

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