Issue # 40 May 2011 Central Illinois Teaching with Primary Sources Newsletter
EASTERN ILLINOIS UNI VERSITY SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UN IVERSITY EDWARDSVILLE
Flocks and Feathers: Birds
INSIDE THIS ISSUE:
Topic Introduction 2
Connecting to Illinois 3
Close to Home 3
Learn More with 4 American Memory
In The Classroom 6
Test Your Knowledge 8
Timeline 9
CONTACTS
Melissa Carr [email protected] Editor
Cindy Rich [email protected]
Amy Wilkinson [email protected]
eiu.edu/~eiutps/newsletter
P a g e 2 B i r d s
Flocks and Feathers
Welcome to the Central Illinois Teaching with Primary Born in Haiti in 1785 and Sources Newsletter. Our goal is to bring you topics that raised in France, John connect to the Illinois Learning Standards as well as James Audubon had a introduce you to amazing items from the Library of fascination with birds and Congress. Birds are mentioned specifically within the began drawing them at an following Illinois Learning Standards (found within goal, early age. In 1803, he was standard, benchmark or performance descriptors). 12- sent to America where he Understand the fundamental conception, principles and conducted the first known interconnections of life, physical and earth/space bird -binding experiment. science. His obsession led him to On January 5, 2011, the explore as far south as the National Audubon Society Florida Keys and as far celebrated its 106th north as Labrador, Canada. anniversary. The National After 1820, Audubon Audubon Society is the worked on his masterwork, Birds of America. It consisted nation’s largest bird of 435 hand-colored plates. Audubon insisted the conservation organization. drawings be reproduced life-size, as he had drawn them. It has aided in rescuing No American publisher was willing to take on this many species of birds such expensive task so Audubon ventured to England where as the bald eagle, atlantic his work was published. Today, the National Audubon puffin and flamingos from Society’s network of community-based chapters engages extinction. The millions of people of all ages in conservation and efforts of the National Audubon Society were John James Audubon is the protection of wildlife birds. essential in establishing Pelican Island National namesake and inspiration for Library of Congress, Thomas, House Wildlife Refuge, America’s first wildlife refuge. the National Audubon Resolution 489, Accessed 3.21.11 Their members have been relentless in Society. National Audubon Society, History of pushing for legislation to protect birds and their Audubon and Waterbird Conservation, habitat. The Lacy Act of 1900 stalled the Accessed 3.21.11 millinery trade from using bird feathers and brought National Audubon Society, History, many species of water birds under protection. In 1918, John James Audubon, Accessed President Wilson signed the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, 3.18.11 which remains one of the strongest laws protecting wild Library of Congress, Today in North American birds. History, January 27, Accessed John James Audubon is the namesake 3.17.11 and inspiration for the National Audubon Library of Congress, Society. It was founded by George B. Exhibitions, Birds of Grinnell in 1886. Grinnell knew the America, Accessed 3.18.11 Audubon family well and shared the same passion as Audubon for birds. Grinnell named the organization after John James Audubon.
eiu.edu/~eiutps/newsletter
B i r d s P a g e 3
Connecting to Illinois
You don’t have to travel further than your own backyard habitat should be a concern for every Illinois citizen. to see many of the birds native to Illinois, from the downy Birds are an indicator of environmental health. They are woodpecker, the smallest woodpecker in Illinois to the affected by pollution, climate change, toxins and habitat northern cardinal, the loss. It is important for us to monitor changes in bird Illinois state bird. The populations as these factors may also impact human cardinal lives year populations. round in Illinois and has The Illinois Raptor Center, A Pictorial Guide to Illinois Birds, become abundant Accessed 3.21.11 since 1900. Illinois Illinois State Museum, Illinois State Symbols and their History, school children chose Accessed 3.21.11 the cardinal as the Illinois Audubon Society, Our History, Accessed 3.21.11 state bird. It received 39,226 votes from the children Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Illinois while the blue bird came in second It is important for us to Endangered Species Protection Board, Accessed 3.21.11 with 30,306 votes. monitor changes in bird Library of Congress, Thomas, House Resolution 489, populations as these factors Accessed 3.21.11 On April 10, 1897, the Illinois Audubon Society was incorporated may also impact human by the State of Illinois. Like all populations. Close to Home—Heartland Highways early Audubon societies, IAS was Each month we share a link to a relevant episode of formed to put an end to the feather trade which was Heartland Highways that provides additional information destroying colonies of herons, egrets and terns. Mrs. featuring people and places right here in central Illinois. Henry King was the first Heartland Highways is a production of WEIU and president of IAS and episodes are available to view online at organized early http://www.weiu.net/hh (select the season on the right education campaigns for side of the page and then the episode). bird preservation. The society publishes data Season Nine Episode 911: Lori from the Illinois Spring and Kate will get you up close and Count and many personal with some of the worlds Christmas Bird Counts smallest birds at a hummingbird held around the state. banding in Oakland, Illinois. The Illinois Species Protection Board determines whether a plant or animal is threatened or endangered. The board was created by the passage of the Endangered Species Protection Act of 1972. The board reviews and revises the list at least once every five years. Keeping our native birds and their
eiu.edu/~eiutps/newsletter
P a g e 4 B i r d s
Learn more with American memory collections
Photographs from the Chicago Daily News, 1902-1933 Charles Crawford Gorst: the Bird Man are a few examples http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpcoop/ichihtml/cdnhome.ht of lecturers who traveled the country entertaining the ml public.
This online collection Library of Congress, American Memory, Accessed 3.18.11 contains approximately An American Time Capsule: Three Centuries of 55,000 images. The Broadsides and Other Printed Ephemera photographers capturing these images usually http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/rbpehtml expected them to illustrate A primary purpose of printed ephemera was the an article in the newspaper distribution of information. In or to be cropped showing days before television and the relevant portion of an radio, citizens received news by image when published. way of broadsides and printed This was the exception, ephemera. Many of these items with only about 20 percent of the images in this such as advertisements, weren’t collection being published in the newspaper. Examine meant to be kept they were to be the photographs carefully, details may appear in the read and thrown away. These foreground or background of images that hold historical items hold a historical interest interest now but were not particularly relevant to the giving insight into another time. purpose for which an image was made. Many of the When searching the collection for images with birds as the subject were taken at the birds, protection seems to be the Lincoln Park Zoo. Peacocks, swans and an oriole’s main intent. Trespass notices, nest are a sample of photographs found in this collection. proclamations for Arbor and Bird Library of Congress, American Memory, Accessed 3.18.11 Day and catalogues are some of the broadsides found in this collection. Traveling Culture: Circuit Chautauqua in the Twentieth Century Library of Congress, American Memory, Accessed 3.21.11 http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/chautauqua/index. Washington As It Was: Photographs by Theodor html Horydczak, 1923-1959 This digital collection presents 7,949 publicity brochures, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/horydczak/index.h promotional advertisements and tml talent circulars for some 4,546 If you want images of birds, this is a great collection to performers who were part of the explore. Photographs of Chautauqua circuit. Lecturers were the shoebills, turkeys, the backbone of Chautauqua. Every pelicans, horned owls topic from current events to comic and penguins are found story telling could be heard on the in this collection. The circuits. Many of these lecturers photographs are up close traveled the country telling their and show great detail. No story. Their flyers were colorful information is given on and would boast of their many where these photographs experiences. Captain C.W.R. Knight: the were taken but most of Eagle Man, Frank H. Hollmann: the Pigeon Man and the animals are in cages or enclosed areas suggesting
eiu.edu/~eiutps/newsletter
B i r d s P a g e 5
Learn more with American memory collections
maybe a zoo or farm. The composers have chosen to write about in sheet music. Prints and Photographs This collection contains sheet music with and without division maintains the entire lyrics. Strong marches such as the ―Parade of the Theodor Horydczak collection Humming Birds‖ to ―Pride Polka‖, which will get your feet which consists of more than dancing. The collection moves on to ―The Owl’s 32,000 items, including Serenade‖, a lovely romantic song approximately 17,450 black to fun songs like the and white photographs, ―Crow’s Egg‖. The cover 14,000 negatives and 1,500 pages are rich in color and color transparencies. design to complement the Approximately 14,350 digital music. An examination of items are included in this sheet music reveals collection. something of the inner life of Library of Congress, American Memory, Accessed 3.21.11 the composer in a way distinguishable from diaries The Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850- or newspaper accounts, it can 1920 be much more intimate. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amrvhtml/conshome.html Library of Congress, American As cities became more crowded, citizens began to look Memory, Accessed 3.21.11 for peaceful retreats. Leisure activities and the The Nineteenth Century in Print: Periodicals conservation movement came http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpcoop/moahtml/snchome. together as Americans took up html camping, bird watching and other outdoor recreation as a way to The Atlantic Monthly, The North American Review and escape crowded cities. This Manufacturer and Builder are samples of periodicals collection covers the movement to from the 1800s in this collection. preserve and protect America’s These periodicals cover many wildlife, wild lands and other aspects of birds. The Manufacturer natural resources from 1890- and Builder periodical has 1920. Here you will find the informative articles on ―How to writings of conservationists and Mount Birds without Removing the nature lovers who helped Skeleton‖, ―Variations in Birds’ convince Americans that Nests‖ and ―Artificial Birds’ Nests‖. preserving land, water and wildlife was important From the Atlantic Review, you will national business. find articles on ―The Winter Birds‖ and ―Birds of the Night‖. The North Library of Congress, American Memory, Accessed 3.21.11 American Review covers topics on Historic American Sheet Music: 1850-1920 ―Audubon’s Biography of Birds‖ in two volumes and http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/ncdhtml/hasmhom ―Brook’s Elements of Ornithology‖. These and other e.html periodicals show there is more to birds than their Birds have often been the muse for composers. Oriole, beautiful colors and sweet songs. mocking birds and nightingales are just a few of the birds Library of Congress, American Memory, Accessed 3.24.11
eiu.edu/~eiutps/newsletter
P a g e 6 B i r d s
In the Classroom: Lesson Plans, Activities and Resources
In this section you will find items pertaining to the current theme that can be used in your classroom. This is a small sample of items available through the Library, conduct your own search to find more.
Prints and Photographs America’s Library www.loc.gov/pictures www.americaslibrary.gov
Miscellaneous Items in High Demand Jump Back in Time http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/cph www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/index.php
Cartoon Drawings April 3, 1837: John Burroughs Was Born http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/acd http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/reform/jb_reform_burroug hs_2.html Today in History memory.loc.gov/ammem/today January 27, 1851: John James Audubon Died http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/reform/jb_reform_audubon July 12, 1817: Henry David Thoreau _1.html http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jul12.html May 4, 1894: The First Bird Day April 3, 1837: John Burroughs http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/progress/jb_progress_bird http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/apr03.html day_1.html
January 27, 1851: John James Audubon April 22, 1970: The First Earth Day http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan27.html http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/modern/jb_modern_earthd ay_2.html May 4, 1894: Bird Day http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/may04.html Everyday Mysteries April 22, 1970: Earth Day www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/apr22.html Why do pigeons bob their heads when they walk? Wise Guide: http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/pigeon.html www.loc.gov/wiseguide Why do geese fly in a V? January 2004: Who Has 128 Million Items in 460 http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/geese.html Languages? http://www.loc.gov/wiseguide/jan04/millions.html Why do turkeys have dark and white meat? http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/turkeymeat.html November 2006: No Stuffing For Me Thanks! http://www.loc.gov/wiseguide/nov06/stuffing.html Exhibitions www.loc.gov/exhibits Rare Books and Special Collections www.loc.gov/rr/rarebook Birds of America http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trr055.html Prints by John James Audubon http://www.loc.gov/rr/rarebook/digitalcoll/digitalcoll- American Ornithology audubon.html http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trr144.html
Science Reference Services www.loc.gov/rr/scitech
Earth Day: Selected Resources http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/SciRefGuides/earthday.html
Space Based Ornithology: Remote Sensing & Bird Migration http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/SciRefGuides/ spacebasedornithology.html
eiu.edu/~eiutps/newsletter
B i r d s P a g e 7
In the Classroom: Lesson Plans, Activities and Resources
Teacher’s Page www.loc.gov/teachers
Themed Resources www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/themes
Nature and the Enviroment http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/themes/nature/index.html
Lesson Plans www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/lessons
The Conservation Movement at a Crossroads: The Hetch Hetchy Controversy http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommatierals/lessons/conservation
Collection Connection www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/connections
The Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850-1920 http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/connections/conservation
eiu.edu/~eiutps/newsletter
P a g e 8 B i r d s
Test Your Knowledge
Birds-Word Search
1. Nest 2. Robin 3. Wings 4. Feathers
5. Cardinal 6. Egg 7. Hummingbird 8. Doves
9. Shoebill 10. Duck 11. Turkey 12. Swan
13. Eagle 14. Peacock 15. Owl 16. Penguin
17. Tree 18. Flamingo 19. Ostrich 20. Pelican
21. Seeds 22. Berries 23. Woodpecker 24. Puffin
eiu.edu/~eiutps/newsletter
B i r d s P a g e 9
T i m e l i n e
1865-John Burroughs publishes his first nature essay ―With the Birds‖ in the Atlantic Monthly.
1871-John Burroughs publishes Wake-Robin, the first of many volumes of his extraordinary popular nature essays.
1883-The American Ornithologists’ Union, a professional society of biologist who study birds was founded in New York City.
1886-In an appropriations bill for the Department of Agriculture, Congress creates the Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalogy, and grants the Division of Forestry permanent status within the department; C. Hart Merriam heads the Economic Ornithology Division and Bernard E. Fernow is Forestry Division Chief.
1894-Congress passes ―An Act to protect birds and animals in Yellowstone National Park‖ known as the National Park Protection Act.
1894-Bird Day is first observed on May 4 in Oil City, Pennsylvania.
1896-The Massachusetts Audubon Society is founded launching the permanent Audubon movement.
1897-The classic work of Citizen Bird the joint creation of ornithologist Elliott Coues, nature writer Mabel Osgood Wright and wildlife artist Louis Agassiz Fuetes inspired a surge in popularity of ornithology and much of the grass roots support for preservationist conservation measures.
1899-Frank M. Chapman founded Bird-Lore magazine.
1900-Congress passes the Lacy Act, the first comprehensive Federal legislation designed to protect wildlife.
1903-On March 10, President Roosevelt establishes a Federally protected wildlife refuge by executive order setting aside Pelican Island on Indian River, Florida, as a preserve and breeding ground for native birds.
1907-Ornithologist Edward Howe Forbush publishes Useful Birds and their Protection, the first major work by an American to analyze the economic importance of birds and the strategies necessary for their protection.
1913-Congress passes the Migratory Bird Act.
1913-Congress passes a provision of the Federal Tariff Act, prohibiting the importation of many kinds of wild bird feathers.
1819-Congress approves The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, which implements the protection of migratory birds.
Timeline-Library of Congress, American Memory, The Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850-1920, Chronology of Selected Events in the Development of the American Conservation Movement, c.1950-1920
eiu.edu/~eiutps/newsletter
P a g e 1 0 B i r d s
Image Sources
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Set of two eggs of western red tail
Library of Congress Exhibitions Birds of America Roseate Spoonbill from the Birds of America
Library of Congress American Memory First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 Le Cardinal Ruppe de Buffon, Chute de L’ohio
Library of Congress American Memory Reclaiming the Everglades: South Florida’s Natural History, 1884-1934 Photographs depicting birds, 1929-1933 Snowy Egret, (in breeding plumage) with nestlings 1931? No. 748-50
Library of Congress American Memory The Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850-1920 Citizen bird: scenes from bird–life in plain English for beginners, by Mabel Osgood Wright and Elliott Coues. With one hundred and eleven illustrations by Louis Agassiz Fuertes
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Adam Forepaugh & Sells Brothers great shows consolidated A congress of the giant birds of the world.
Library of Congress American Memory Photographs from the Chicago Daily News, 1902-1933 Crane in an enclosure at the Lincoln Park Zoo.
Library of Congress American Memory Traveling Culture: Circuit Chautauqua in the Twentieth Century Lamont’s: world’s greatest performing birds
Library of Congress American Memory An American Time Capsule: Three Centuries of Broadsides and Printed Ephemera Shooting on this property is prohibited. War protect the birds as a war measure! The food destroyed in America by insects and small rodents would feed the people of Belgium! Birds are the great natural enemies of these pests...National Associa
Library of Congress American Memory Photographs from the Chicago Daily News, 1902-1933 Various birds on an island in a pond in a cage in the Lincoln Park Zoo aviary.
Library of Congress American Memory Emergence of Advertising in America:1850-1920 Image 32-Emma Saxton Pascoe Scrapbook
eiu.edu/~eiutps/newsletter
B i r d s P a g e 1 1
Image Sources
Library of Congress American Memory Early Motion Pictures, 1897-1920 Roosevelt, friend of the birds (1) )Roosevelt Memorial Association Film Library) director, Caroline Gentry
Library of Congress American Memory First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 American ornithology, or, The natural history of the birds of the United States: illustrated with plates, engraved and colored from original drawing taken from nature.
Library of Congress American Memory The First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 John J. Audubon: from the original printing by Chappel in the possession of the publishers
Library of Congress American Memory First American West: The Ohio River Valley, 1750-1820 Ornithological biography, or an account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America: accompanied by descriptions of the objects represented in the work entitled birds of America, volume 2
Library of Congress American Memory The Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850-1920 George B. Grinnell, head and shoulders portrait, facing left
Library of Congress Prints and Photographs The national bird of prey
Library of Congress American Memory Historic American Sheet Music, 1850-1920 My bird of paradise: My Honolulu girl, 1915
Library of Congress American Memory Nineteenth Century in Print: Periodicals Birds of Passage (Harpers new monthly magazine)/Volume 30, Issue 177, February, 1865
Library of Congress American Memory By the People, For the People: Posters from the WPA, 1936-1943 Birds of the world: An illustrated natural history in popular style with 100 candid photos: A New York City, W.P.A. Federal Writer’s Project book: American guide series
Library of Congress American Memory Washington As It Was: Photographs by Theodor Horydczak, 1923-1959 Birds, Geese (wild goose with nest of eggs).
Library of Congress American Memory Washington As It Was: Photographs by Theodor Horydczak, 1923-1959 Birds. Swan.
eiu.edu/~eiutps/newsletter
WE’RE ON THE WEB WWW.EIU.EDU/EIUTPS
EASTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY If you or your school is interested in learning more about the Library of Congress resources 600 Lincoln Avenue please contact us. Our program offers College of Education and Professional Studies individualized professional development 1415 Buzzard Hall Charleston, IL 61920 using the rich resources offered by the Phone: 217-581-8378 Library of Congress.
WE’RE ON THE WEB WWW.SIUE.EDU/ EDUCATION/TPS
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY EDWARDSVILLE
School of Education Campus Box 1049, Office AH 1139 Edwardsville, IL 62026 Phone: 618-650-3777
eiu.edu/~eiutps/newsletter