HIMALAYAN REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY.Indd
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Volume9 Issue9(2)
Volume 9, Issue 9(2), September 2020 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research Published by Sucharitha Publications Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh – India Email: [email protected] Website: www.ijmer.in Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief Dr.K. Victor Babu Associate Professor, Institute of Education Mettu University, Metu, Ethiopia EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Prof. S. Mahendra Dev Prof. Igor Kondrashin Vice Chancellor The Member of The Russian Philosophical Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Society Research, Mumbai The Russian Humanist Society and Expert of The UNESCO, Moscow, Russia Prof.Y.C. Simhadri Vice Chancellor, Patna University Dr. Zoran Vujisiæ Former Director Rector Institute of Constitutional and Parliamentary St. Gregory Nazianzen Orthodox Institute Studies, New Delhi & Universidad Rural de Guatemala, GT, U.S.A Formerly Vice Chancellor of Benaras Hindu University, Andhra University Nagarjuna University, Patna University Prof.U.Shameem Department of Zoology Prof. (Dr.) Sohan Raj Tater Andhra University Visakhapatnam Former Vice Chancellor Singhania University, Rajasthan Dr. N.V.S.Suryanarayana Dept. of Education, A.U. Campus Prof.R.Siva Prasadh Vizianagaram IASE Andhra University - Visakhapatnam Dr. Kameswara Sharma YVR Asst. Professor Dr.V.Venkateswarlu Dept. of Zoology Assistant Professor Sri.Venkateswara College, Delhi University, Dept. of Sociology & Social Work Delhi Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur I Ketut Donder Prof. P.D.Satya Paul Depasar State Institute of Hindu Dharma Department of Anthropology Indonesia Andhra University – Visakhapatnam Prof. Roger Wiemers Prof. Josef HÖCHTL Professor of Education Department of Political Economy Lipscomb University, Nashville, USA University of Vienna, Vienna & Ex. Member of the Austrian Parliament Dr.Kattagani Ravinder Austria Lecturer in Political Science Govt. Degree College Prof. -
Expeditions & Treks 2008/2009
V4362_JG_Exped Cover_AW 1/5/08 15:44 Page 1 Jagged Globe NEW! Expeditions & Treks www.jagged-globe.co.uk Our new website contains detailed trip itineraries 2008 for the expeditions and treks contained in this brochure, photo galleries and recent trip reports. / 2009 You can also book securely online and find out about new trips and offers by subscribing to our email newsletter. Jagged Globe The Foundry Studios, 45 Mowbray Street, Sheffield S3 8EN United Kingdom Expeditions Tel: 0845 345 8848 Email: [email protected] Web: www.jagged-globe.co.uk & Treks Cover printed on Take 2 Front Cover: Offset 100% recycled fibre Mingma Temba Sherpa. sourced only from post Photo: Simon Lowe. 2008/2009 consumer waste. Inner Design by: pages printed on Take 2 www.vividcreative.com Silk 75% recycled fibre. © 2007 V4362 V4362_JG_Exped_Bro_Price_Alt 1/5/08 15:10 Page 2 Ama Dablam Welcome to ‘The Matterhorn of the Himalayas.’ Jagged Globe Ama Dablam dominates the Khumbu Valley. Whether you are trekking to Everest Base Camp, or approaching the mountain to attempt its summit, you cannot help but be astounded by its striking profile. Here members of our 2006 expedition climb the airy south Expeditions & Treks west ridge towards Camp 2. See page 28. Photo: Tom Briggs. The trips The Mountains of Asia 22 Ama Dablam: A Brief History 28 Photo: Simon Lowe Porter Aid Post Update 23 Annapurna Circuit Trek 30 Teahouses of Nepal 23 Annapurna Sanctuary Trek 30 The Seven Summits 12 Everest Base Camp Trek 24 Lhakpa Ri & The North Col 31 The Seven Summits Challenge 13 -
Glacier Elevation and Mass Changes in Himalayas During 2000-2014
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2019-85 Manuscript under review for journal The Cryosphere Discussion started: 29 April 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. Glacier elevation and mass changes in Himalayas during 2000-2014 Debmita Bandyopadhyay1, Gulab Singh1, Anil V.Kulkarni2 1Center of Studies in Resources Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, 400076, India 5 2Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India Abstract Glacier mass balance is a crucial parameter to understand the changes in glaciers. For the Himalayas, it is more complex as glaciers have a heterogeneous pattern of elevation and mass changes. In this study, 10 mass balance using geodetic method is estimated, for which we utilize SRTM and TanDEM-X global digital elevation models (DEMs) of the year 2000 and 2012-2014 respectively. The unique feature of this study is that the dataset are prepared using repeat bistatic synthetic aperture radar interferometry which has not been used over the rugged Himalayan terrains on such a large-scale. The elevation and mass change measurements cover seven states namely Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, 15 Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh. The mean elevation change is -0.45 ± 0.40 m yr -1 and the mass budget is -11.24 ± 0.79 Gt yr -1. However, the cumulative mass loss over the observation period of 2000-2014 is -154.72 ± 19.04 Gt which accounts for approximately 5% of the total ice-mass present in the Indian Himalayas. This ice-mass loss contributes to 0.42 ± 0.05 mm of sea- level rise. -
Monsoon-Influenced Glacier Retreat in the Ladakh Range, Jammu And
Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 18, EGU2016-166, 2016 EGU General Assembly 2016 © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Monsoon-influenced glacier retreat in the Ladakh Range, Jammu and Kashmir Tom Chudley, Evan Miles, and Ian Willis Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge ([email protected]) While the majority of glaciers in the Himalaya-Karakoram mountain chain are receding in response to climate change, stability and even growth is observed in the Karakoram, where glaciers also exhibit widespread surge- type behaviour. Changes in the accumulation regime driven by mid-latitude westerlies could explain such stability relative to the monsoon-fed glaciers of the Himalaya, but a lack of detailed meteorological records presents a challenge for climatological analyses. We therefore analyse glacier changes for an intermediate zone of the HKH to characterise the transition between the substantial retreat of Himalayan glaciers and the surging stability of Karakoram glaciers. Using Landsat imagery, we assess changes in glacier area and length from 1991-2014 across a ∼140 km section of the Ladakh Range, Jammu and Kashmir. Bordering the surging, stable portion of the Karakoram to the north and the Western Himalaya to the southeast, the Ladakh Range represents an important transitional zone to identify the potential role of climatic forcing in explaining differing glacier behaviour across the region. A total of 878 glaciers are semi-automatically identified in 1991, 2002, and 2014 using NDSI (thresholds chosen between 0.30 and 0.45) before being manually corrected. Ice divides and centrelines are automatically derived using an established routine. Total glacier area for the study region is in line with that Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI) and ∼25% larger than the GLIMS Glacier Database, which is apparently more conservative in assigning ice cover in the accumulation zone. -
DEATH ZONE FREERIDE About the Project
DEATH ZONE FREERIDE About the project We are 3 of Snow Leopards, who commit the hardest anoxic high altitude ascents and perform freeride from the tops of the highest mountains on Earth (8000+). We do professional one of a kind filming on the utmost altitude. THE TRICKIEST MOUNTAINS ON EARTH NO BOTTLED OXYGEN CHALLENGES TO HUMAN AND NATURE NO EXTERIOR SUPPORT 8000ERS FREERIDE FROM THE TOPS MOVIES ALONE WITH NATURE FREERIDE DESCENTS 5 3 SNOW LEOS Why the project is so unique? PROFESSIONAL FILMING IN THE HARDEST CONDITIONS ❖ Higher than 8000+ m ❖ Under challenging efforts ❖ Without bottled oxygen & exterior support ❖ Severe weather conditions OUTDOOR PROJECT-OF-THE-YEAR “CRYSTAL PEAK 2017” AWARD “Death zone freeride” project got the “Crystal Peak 2017” award in “Outdoor project-of-the-year” nomination. It is comparable with “Oscar” award for Russian outdoor sphere. Team ANTON VITALY CARLALBERTO PUGOVKIN LAZO CIMENTI Snow Leopard. Snow Leopard. Leader The first Italian Snow Leopard. MC in mountaineering. Manaslu of “Mountain territory” club. Specializes in a ski mountaineering. freeride 8163m. High altitude Ski-mountaineer. Participant cameraman. of more than 20 high altitude expeditions. Mountains of the project Manaslu Annapurna Nanga–Parbat Everest K2 8163m 8091m 8125m 8848m 8611m The highest mountains on Earth ❖ 8027 m Shishapangma ❖ 8167 m Dhaulagiri I ❖ 8035 m Gasherbrum II (K4) ❖ 8201 m Cho Oyu ❖ 8051 m Broad Peak (K3) ❖ 8485 m Makalu ❖ 8080 m Gasherbrum I (Hidden Peak, K5) ❖ 8516 m Lhotse ❖ 8091 m Annapurna ❖ 8586 m Kangchenjunga ❖ 8126 m Nanga–Parbat ❖ 8614 m Chogo Ri (K2) ❖ 8156 m Manaslu ❖ 8848 m Chomolungma (Everest) Mountains that we climbed on MANASLU September 2017 The first and unique freeride descent from the altitude 8000+ meters among Russian sportsmen. -
Yoga in the Himalayan Foothills to Rishikesh
Yoga in the Himalayan Foothills to Rishikesh Prices start from : £ 1,879 Travel between : 01 Oct 18 and 09 Dec 18 Rating : 4 Star Icon Board Basis : As per Itinerary Duration : 9 nights Book by : 31 Aug 18 Includes : Flights from London with Virgin Atlantic Airport taxes 2 nights accommodation on Bed & Breakfast basis in Delhi 7 nights accommodation on Full Board at Dewa Retreat in a Deluxe room with a private balcony Transfer in Delhi & Rishikesh Attend special Ganage Aarti (Lamp Prayer Ceremony) on the Ganges One Complimentary Herbal Massage Per Person in our SPA during you stay Free use of Swimming Pool Library Lounge Train fare for the sector Delhi/Haridwar/Delhi by airconditioned chair car Escorted Himalayan Village Trip: Hike of 2 hrs one way to the Himalayan village, see village life, farming, herbal & organic plantations and also interact with village folk Daily Yoga, Meditation, Pranayama, Power & Restorative Yoga Sessions by a Professional & Experienced Yoga Teacher Detailed Itinerary : Bonus offer: Daily Yoga Sessions Highlights: Delhi - Rishikesh Alternate travel dates: 15 Jan 19 - 20 Feb 19 15 Mar 19 - 15 Apr 19 Hotels: Delhi - The Park Hotel 4* Rishikesh - Dewa Retreat - A Himalayan Boutique Hotel 4* Itinerary: Day 0: London Heathrow to Delhi Day 1: Delhi - 11:40 Hrs: Arrive Delhi airport. - Upon arrival at the airport, you will be met and transferred to your hotel. Day 2: Delhi to Haridwar by train Shatabadi express: 06:45 - 11:45 hrs - Transfer from hotel to New Delhi railway station in time to board train for Haridwar. Local snacks, tea / coffee and breakfast will be served on board - 11:45 Hrs: Arrive Haridwar railway station. -
Pakistan 1995
LINDSAY GRIFFIN & DAVID HAMILTON Pakistan 1995 Thanks are due to Xavier Eguskitza, Tafeh Mohammad andAsem Mustafa Awan for their help in providing information. ast summer in the Karakoram was one of generally unsettled weather L conditions. Intermittent bad weather was experienced from early June and a marked deterioration occurred from mid-August. The remnants of heavy snow cover from a late spring fall hampered early expeditions, while those arriving later experienced almost continuous precipitation. In spite of these difficulties there was an unusually high success rate on both the 8000m and lesser peaks. Pakistan Government statistics show that 59 expe ditions from 16 countries received permits to attempt peaks above 6000m. Of the 29 expeditions to 8000m peaks 17 were successful. On the lower peaks II of the 29 expeditions succeeded. There were 14 fatalities (9 on 8000m peaks) among the 384 foreign climbers; a Pakistani cook and porter also died in separate incidents. The action of the Pakistan Government in limiting the number of per mits issued for each of the 8000m peaks to six per season has led to the practice of several unconnected expeditions 'sharing' a permit, an un fortunate development which may lead to complicated disputes with the Pakistani authorities in the future. Despite the growing commercialisation of high-altitude climbing, there were only four overtly commercial teams on the 8000m peaks (three on Broad Peak and one on Gasherbrum II). However, it is clear that many places on 'non-commercial' expeditions were filled by experienced climbers able to supply substantial funds from their own, or sponsors', resources. -
Glacier Characteristics and Retreat Between 1991 and 2014 in the Ladakh Range, Jammu and Kashmir
February 24, 2017 Remote Sensing Letters chudley-ladakh-manuscript To appear in Remote Sensing Letters Vol. 00, No. 00, Month 20XX, 1{17 Glacier characteristics and retreat between 1991 and 2014 in the Ladakh Range, Jammu and Kashmir THOMAS R. CHUDLEYy∗, EVAN S. MILESy and IAN C. WILLISy yScott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (Received 29th November 2016) The Ladakh Range is a liminal zone of meteorological conditions and glacier changes. It lies between the monsoon-forced glacier retreat of the Himalaya and Zanskar ranges to the south and the anomalous stability observed in the Karakoram to the north, driven by mid-latitude westerlies. Given the climatic context of the Ladakh Range, the glaciers in the range might be expected to display intermediate behaviour between these two zones. However, no glacier change data have been compiled for the Ladakh Range itself. Here, we examine 864 glaciers in the central section of the Ladakh range, covering a number of smaller glaciers not included in alternative glacier inventories. Glaciers in the range are small (median 0.25 km2; maximum 6.58 km2) and largely distributed between 5000-6000 m above sea level (a.s.l.). 657 glaciers are available for multitemporal analysis between 1991 to 2014 using data from Landsat multispectral sensors. We find glaciers to have retreated -12.8% between 1991{2014. Glacier changes are consistent with observations in the Western Himalaya (to the south) and in sharp contrast with the Karakoram (to the north) in spite of its proximity to the latter. We suggest this sharp transition must be explained at least in part by non-climatic mechanisms (such as debris covering or hypsometry), or that the climatic factors responsible for the Karakoram behaviour are extremely localised. -
6 Nights & 7 Days Leh – Nubra Valley (Turtuk Village)
Jashn E Navroz | Turtuk, Ladakh | Dates 25March-31March’18 |6 Nights & 7 Days Destinations Leh Covered – Nubra : Leh Valley – Nubra (Turtuk Valley V illage)(Turtuk– Village Pangong ) – Pangong Lake – Leh Lake – Leh Trip starts from : Leh airport Trip starts at: LehTrip airport ends at |: LehTrip airport ends at: Leh airport “As winter gives way to spring, as darkness gives way to light, and as dormant plants burst into blossom, Nowruz is a time of renewal, hope and joy”. Come and experience this festive spirit in lesser explored gem called Turtuk. The visual delights would be aptly complemented by some firsthand experiences of the local lifestyle and traditions like a Traditional Balti meal combined with Polo match. During the festival one get to see the flamboyant and vibrant tribe from Balti region, all dressed in their traditional best. Day 01| Arrive Leh (3505 M/ 11500 ft.) Board a morning flight and reach Leh airport. Our representative will receive you at the terminal and you then drive for about 20 minutes to reach Leh town. Check into your room. It is critical for proper acclimatization that people flying in to Leh don’t indulge in much physical activity for at least the first 24hrs. So the rest of the day is reserved for relaxation and a short acclimatization walk in the vicinity. Meals Included: L & D Day 02| In Leh Post breakfast, visit Shey Monastery & Palace and then the famous Thiksey Monastery. Drive back and before Leh take a detour over the Indus to reach Stok Village. Enjoy a traditional Ladakhi meal in a village home later see Stok Palace & Museum. -
GA Capsule (27-12-19).Pdf
1. Silviculture is the branch of 8. Curd is sour due to presence of 16. Statements: botany in which we study about- (a) Citric Acid 1. In Gymnosperms, seeds are (a) Culture of algae (b) Lactic Acid enclosing in side fruits. (b) Development of ofrest (c) Acetic Acid 2. Dicots and monocots are (c) Culture of fungi (d) None of these included in Angiospersm. (d) Siliciphida plant 9. EBOLA is a – (a) Both Statements 1 and 2 are 2. Study of pollen grain is called- correct. (a) Pomology (a) Virus (b) Bacteria (b) Both Statements 1 and 2 are (b) Palynology incorrect. (c) Protozoa (c) Phocology (c) Statement 1 is correct, but (d) Mycology (d) Fungi Statement 2 is incorrect. 3. Study of internal structure of 10. Virus that infect bacteria are (d) Statement 1 is incorrect, but plant- called Statement 2 is correct. (a) Morphology (a) Bacteriophages 17. Which part of the cinchona yields (b) Anatomy (b) Basophils a drug? (c) Cology (c) Basal body (a) Endosperm (b) Pericarp (d) Taxonomy (d) Basidiospores (c) Bark (d) leaf 4. Estimatin of age of woody plant 11. Desease caused by HIV- 18. Fiber of cotton is obtain from– by counting annual ring is- (a) Tuberculosis (a) Stem (b) Seed (a) Dendrology (b) Cancer (c) Fruit (d) Root (b) Dendrochronology (c) Acquired immune deficiency 19. An enzyme produced by HIV that (c) Agronomy syndrome allows the integration of HIV (d) Demography (d) None of these DNA into the host cell‘s DNA 5. Study of growing plant without 12. The biggest single- celled is - soil in water containing nutrient organism is (a) Integrase is- (a) Yeast (b) Ligase (a) Hydrotonics (b) Acetabularia (c) Helicase (b) Hydroponics (c) Acetobacter (d) DNA gyrase (c) Hypotonics (d) Amoeba 20. -
Mountain Ranges in India for Banking & SSC Exam
Mountain Ranges in India for Banking & SSC Exam - GK Notes in PDF Every year 11th December is observed as the 'International Mountain Day.' A theme is set for this day to mark a purpose and to create awareness. This year's theme is “#MountainsMatter.” It will highlight the importance of mountains and their need for youth, water, disaster risk reduction, food, indigenous peoples and biodiversity. Mountains play a pivotal role in our life by altering the weather pattern and climatic conditions. They are also rich in endemic species and has great impact on Natural Ecosystem of the country. Thus, the knowledge of Mountain Ranges is very important from the point of view of various Banking, SSC and other Government Exams. To help you prepare this topic, here's the account of the major Mountain Ranges in India. A Mountain Range is a sequential chain or series of mountains or hills with similarity in form, structure and alignment that have arisen from the same cause, usually an orogeny. List of the prominent Mountain Ranges in India ⇒ The Himalaya Range • Himalaya is the highest mountain ranges in India • The word Himalaya literally translates to "abode of snow" from Sanskrit. • The Himalayan Mountain range is the youngest mountain range of India and new fold mountain is formed by the collision of two tectonic plates. • Himalayan Mountain Range has almost every highest peak of the world. • On an average they have more than 100 peaks with height more than 7200 m. 1 | P a g e • Nanga Parbat and Namcha Barwa are considered as the western and eastern points of the Himalaya. -
Avalanche Protection and Control in the Himalayas
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Defence Science Journal Def Sci J, Vol 35, No 2, April 1985, pp 255-266 Avalanche Protection and Control in the Himalayas N. MOHANRAO Snow & Avalanche Study Establishment, Manali Abstract. The problems of snow avalanches, their prediction and control in the Himalayas have assumed great relevance and importance not only for the Army but also for the progress of the Himalayan States of Jammu & Kashmir. Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, whose upper reaches remain snowbound for nearly six months in a year. The paper discusses br~eflythe gravity of the problem and presents a broad outline of a case-study of avalanche control for Badrinath Temple and Township in Uttar Pradesh undertaken by the Snow & Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE), Manali. This and many other studies undertaken by the SASE illustrate the contribution of Defellce Science to the solution of this major problem affecting communications, tourism and hill development, as a spin-off from Defence Research. The Pirpanjals and the Great Himalayas, besides other ranges, experience heavy snow during the winter months particularly from January to March. The total snowfall is as much as 1500 cm in some years in the Western Himalayas. Storms lasting for several days bringing down at times more than 200 cm of snow in one spell lasting from 3 to 7 days are not uncommon. The problem is further accentuated when high intensities of 8 to 10 cm/hr prevail. The result is a heavy avalanche activity affecting Army posts and movements, communications, villages and winter tourism.