1 Nanomagnetism in Otherwise Nonmagnetic Materials Tatiana Makarova Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden, and Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia.
[email protected] This is a 20% excerpt of the manuscript entitled Nanomagnetism in Otherwise Nonmagnetic Materials which has been reviewed and approved for the publication in Handbook of Nanophysics (HNP), 7 Volumes, 300 Chapters Klaus D. Sattler, Editor, Taylor&Francis Publisher (CRC Press). In the present version the Introduction, Tutorial, Figures, Tables, critical analysis and Conclusions are omitted. The manuscript may serve as a source of references. The 20% excerpt is placed on cond-mat ArXiv under the permission of Taylor & Francis Group LLC. Keywords: Dilute magnetic oxides, hexaborides, metal nanoparticles, semiconductor nanoparticles, nanocarbon, graphene, defect-related ferromagnetism. For every complex problem there is an answer that is clear, simple, and wrong. H.L. Mencken 1 What are nonmagnetic materials? 2 Formation of magnetic state through introducing nonmagnetic sp elements to nonmagnetic matrices. 3 Ferromagnetism in hexaborides: discovery – disproof – rebuttal 3.1 Discovery. 3.2 Disproof 3.3 Rebuttal 4 Magnetic semiconducting oxides 4.1 Zink oxide 4.2 Titanium oxide 4.3 Hafnium oxide 4.4 Other nonmagnetic oxides 5 Magnetism in metal nanoparticles 6 Magnetism in semiconductor nanostructures 7 Ferromagnetism in carbon nanostructures 7.1 Pyrolitic carbonaceous materials 7.2 Graphite 7.3 Porous graphite 7.4 Carbon nanoparticles 7.5 Nanographite 7.6 Fullerenes 7.7 Irradiated carbon structures 7.8 Magnetic nature of intrinsic carbon defects 7.9 Magnetism of graphene 8 Possible traps in search of magnetic order 9 Nontrivial role of transition metals.