No. 758,246. Patented March 1, 1904. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY R. DORR, OF RUTLAND, VERMONT.

FUE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 753,246, dated March 1, 1904. Application filed December 2, 1902, Serial No. 133,628. (No specimens.) To all whom it may concern: ashes, no clinkers can possibly beformed, and Be it known that I, HENRY R. DORR, a citi very little Smoke is produced. zen of the United States, residing at Rutland, As an illustration of the mannerin which my Vermont, have invented certain new and use invention may be carried out, I proceed to de ful improvements in Fuel, of which the fol scribe the materials, their proportions, and 55 lowing is a specification. - method of treatment which I have found prac My invention relates to artificial or compos ticable. ite fuels in which the finer particles of coal, In making my improved fuel of anthracite heretofore principally waste, and such as are coal waste I mix thoroughly in a dry condi O commonly known as coal - dust,' ' culm,” tion three bushels, for example, of anthracite 'slush, and the like, are used as a basis of coal dust, screenings, or other fine waste, such combustion. Heretofore attempts have been as slush, with one-half bushel of hydraulic made to utilize such waste, and hydraulic ce cement and with one-third bushel of wood ment has been proposed as an element of such ashes. I then wet the mixture with ordinary composite fuel, and it has also been suggested sea-water or with a solution of the cheapest 65 to use a mixture of anthracite and bituminous common salt, to which I may add commer dust. In my invention hereinafter described I cial sodium benzoate in the proportion of also use as a binder hydraulic or similar ce about twelve ounces of the benzoate to thirty ment, and in some cases use a mixture of the six gallons of sea-water. After this salt or anthracite and bituminous waste. The cement salt and sodium benzoate solution is added I 7 o imparts coherence and solidity to the coal-dust work the mass thoroughly until it is about and sufficient strength, so that it may be han the consistency of common mortar. The mix dled and transported in lumps like ordinary ture is then spread out to dry and left to harden, hard coal; but in addition to these ingredients and when it has become thoroughly hardened I also use another or other ingredients calcu I break it into suitable sizes for burning. 75 lated to coöperate with those mentioned above Instead of thus spreading out the mass the in the process of combustion and to promote mixture above described, of the proper con and regulate such combustion. It is impor sistency, may be pressed in molds of proper tant that these ingredients should be cheap as shape and dimensions for transportation and well as efficient in order that the cost of the use. It will be apparent that the amount of product may be kept within practical commer common salt in the product will be small; but cial limits. Such ingredients suitable for my as the mixture must be treated with water and purpose in this invention I have found to be the salt can bein that medium added without ad common salt and potash, such as is contained ditional manipulation it does not increase the 35 in wood-ashes. These substances in the pro expense materially, and it supplements the ac portions in which I use them fuse in the heat tion of the potash of the wood-ashes. When a generated by combustion and help to sustain quick fire is required, as in stoves for cooking the coal in proper condition. The...principal or in the furnace, and particularly for usein the function of the salt, however, is in the genera open grate or in the reduction of ores, I add tion of chlorin gas, which is an active sup to the three bushels of anthracite-coal dustone 90 porter of combustion. The potash has some half bushel of bituminous-coal dust, and in effect in binding together the fine coal parti this case I increase slightly the proportion of cles during the process of combustion; but it hydraulic cement, using, for example, three is mainly useful in facilitating ignition. The fourths of a bushel of hydraulic cement and 45 action of the chlorin gas and the potash is one-third of a bushel of wood-ashes. This 95 such as to render combustion almost complete, mixture is wet with sea-water or a solution of so that during this process the check-draft may salt and treated as above described in con be closed as soon as the fuel is fairly ignited. nection with the anthracite-coal dust alone. The combustion is so nearly perfect that sub Instead of the anthracite-coal dust alone or stantially no unburned coal remains in the of the combination of anthracite and bitumi o

2 758,246 nous coal dust I may use the bituminous-coal function in my fuel, although it has its effect dust alone in the proportion stated for anthra on the combustible quality of the fuel. I use cite and with the use of the same method. bituminous waste, because it is at present the I use the wood-ashes for the purpose of cheapest form in which I can obtain bitumen economy; but potash in other forms may be in sufficient quantities; but I may use instead used instead in the proper proportion; but in of bituminous waste bitumen in its other some cases hydraulic cement contains a rela various forms, whether crude or refined. tively high percentage of potash and may con I claim as my invention tain also a percentage of salt, under which 1. A composite fuel composed of bituminous 35 IO conditions the use of the salt and potash, either dust, anthracite dust, cement, and common or both, may be correspondingly modified. salt in the proportions substantially as de In the proportions above statedI have found scribed. the composite fuel fit to bear transportation 2. A composite fuel composed of coal-dust, w and handling without detriment, to burn with hydraulic cement, potash and a solution of an even combustion, and as long or longer common salt in the proportions substantially than anthracite coal under the same conditions. as described. I do not confine myself to the proportions 3. A composite fuel composed of coal-dust, above specified, as a good effect may be pro cement, potash and sodium benzoate with a duced by other proportions of the ingredients solution of common salt, substantially as de 45 different from those hereinbefore described; scribed. - but those which I have specified I regard as In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the best. presence of two witnesses. I have found that the bitumen contained in HENRY R. DORR. bituminous-coal waste is efficient in binding Witnesses: 25 the anthracite-coal dust together during the CHARLES P. HARRIS, process of combustion, and this is its principal EDGAR B. MooRE.