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Conclusion Pour Le Rapport De L'etat "Sur L'état Du Lac Baïkal Et Sur

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Conclusion Pour Le Rapport De L'etat 308 RAPPORT 1. Sur l'état du lac Baïkal selon les indicateurs observés en 2019. Niveau du lac . En 2019, en règle générale, des conditions favorables se sont développées pour permettre un afflux utile vers le lac Baïkal, de sorte que le remplissage du lac était élevé et suffisant pour assurer l'approvisionnement en eau domestique. Les valeurs limites de niveau définies par le Décret du Gouvernement de la Fédération de Russie daté du 27.12.2017 n° 1667 « Sur les valeurs maximales et minimales du niveau d'eau dans le lac Baïkal en 2018- 2020 » n'ont pas été atteintes. Au 1er janvier 2019, le niveau moyen d'eau du lac Baïkal était à 456,64 m OP, ce qui est de 0,66 m de plus qu'en 2018 à cette date (01.01.2018 - 455,98 m OP) et 0,21 m au-dessus de la valeur moyenne à long terme du niveau (456,43 m OP). Le destockage du lac Baïkal s'est terminé le 08 mai 2019 à 456,23 m OP. Le débâcle de Baïkal de son couvert de glace s'est produite plus tôt que la norme de 2 à 4 jours. Le dégagement de la glace des parties sud et centrale du lac a eu lieu plus tôt que la période moyenne à long terme de 3 à 8 jours et plus tard que la norme de 2 à 3 jours pour la partie nord, et il en est résulté que l'augmentation de l'afflux vers le lac s'est produite en avance. Le remplissage du lac Baïkal a commencé le 9 mai 2019 et a duré jusqu'au 18 septembre. Le niveau d'eau pendant la période de remplissage a augmenté de 0,65 m à un repère de 456,88 m, ce qui est de 0,07 m en dessous du repère maximale de 2018 (456,95 m OP). Le destockage du niveau d'eau de lac Baïkal a commencé le 19 septembre 2019, et à la fin de l'année, le niveau est tombé à 456,48 m OP. La couche de surface et la colonne d'eau en 2019 ont été observées par le Centre d'hydrométéorologie et de surveillance de l'environnement d'Irkoutsk du Service fédéral d'hydrométéorologie et de surveillance de l'environnement de la Fédération de Russie : - sur le Baïkal du Sud – dans la région de l'influence des eaux usées de l'Installation de traitement en commun de la ville de Baïkalsk ; - dans la région des ports du Baïkal du Sud (loc. de Bolchoie Golooustnoïe, loc. de Koultouk, loc. Baïkal et loc. Vydrino) ; - près de la source de l'Angara ; - dans la région des eaux maigres de Selenga ; - dans la région du Golfe de Bargouzine ; - au Baïkal du Nord – dans la zone d'influence du tracé de la Magistrale Baïkal-Amour (MBA) ; - sur les stations de fond bathyales de la section de repère, passant le long du lac Baïkal au large de sa partie centrale. Les résultats des observations hydrochimiques sur les stations de fond bathyales de la section de repère en 2019 ont montré que la teneur moyenne en oxygène dissous dans l'eau, en minéraux, en azote de nitrite, de nitrate et ammoniacal, en phosphates, en silicium, en produits pétroliers, en sulfates, en chlorures, en agents tensio-actifs synthétiques, en plomb, en manganèse, en nickel, en cadmium, en cuivre, en zinc, en cobalt, en argent, en aluminium, en chrome et la plage de valeurs de l'indice d'hydrogène étaient dans les limites des normes acceptables. La présence de pesticides organochlorés (p,p-DDT, p,p-DDD, p,p-DDE, alpha- gexane, gamma-gexane) n'a pas été détectée dans les eaux du lac Baïkal. À toutes les stations de fond de la section de référence (sauf pour la station Zavorotnaya), les concentrations annuelles moyennes de phénols ont été enregistrées au niveau des valeurs maximales admissibles. Par rapport à 2018, en 2019, la teneur moyenne en nitrate et en azote ammoniacal a augmenté de 4,0 et 1,7 fois, respectivement, les solides en suspension, le silicium, le phosphore total et organique - de 1,2 fois, le carbone organique - de 1,1 fois ; manganèse et zinc - de 2,0 fois, fer - de 1,5 fois, cadmium - de 1,3 fois, cobalt - de 1,1 fois. La concentration moyenne d'azote nitrique a diminué de 2,0 fois, le chlorure - de 1,3 fois; chrome - de 2,0 fois, aluminium - de 1,8 fois, plomb - de 1,3 fois, béryllium - de 1,1 fois, mercure - à des valeurs nulles (de 0,001 309 μg / dm3). La teneur moyenne en oxygène, minéraux, produits pétroliers, sulfates, phosphore minéral, nickel, cuivre et argent dissous dans l'eau est restée au niveau de 2018. Dans tous les points d'observation du lac Baïkal la qualité de l'eau selon IUIPE a été caractérisé comme la 1-ère classe « conditionnellement propre ». Par rapport à l'année 2018, la qualité de l'eau du lac est restée au même niveau. En 2019, dans la région du lac Baïkal, adjacente au territoire du Combinat de cellulose et de pâte à papier de Baïkal, les concentrations moyennes de soufre non sulfaté ont été multipliées par 2,0, de fer - 1,5 fois, de zinc - 1,3 fois, de nickel - 1,1 fois par rapport aux valeurs de fond. Les valeurs moyennes des concentrations d'oxygène dissous dans l'eau, les minéraux, les produits pétroliers, le carbone organique, les sulfates, les chlorures, le soufre total, le manganèse, le cobalt, le cuivre, le chrome, le mercure étaient au niveau de fond. Les concentrations moyennes de solides en suspension dans la zone d'eau de la décharge étaient 1,5 fois inférieures au niveau de fond, silicium, plomb et aluminium - 1,2 fois, cadmium, argent et béryllium - 1,1 fois. Dans la section témoin de 100 mètres en 2019, la concentration moyenne de phénols correspondait au niveau des valeurs maximales admissibles. La teneur moyenne des autres substances observées (substances minérales et en suspension, sulfates, chlorures) n'a pas dépassé les limites admissibles. La valeur maximale des solides en suspension a dépassé la norme de 1,5 fois (en mars), les phénols - 3 fois (en juin). De plus, il y avait un excès de la concentration maximale de phénols jusqu'aux 2 valeurs maximales admissible doublées en février, mars, avril et août. Les valeurs de l’indice d'hydrogène étaient dans les limites admissibles. Par rapport à 2018, dans la zone affectée par les eaux usées de la station d'épuration de la ville de Baïkalsk, la teneur moyenne en chrome a augmenté dans l'eau du lac Baïkal de 1,7 fois, manganèse et cobalt - 1,6 fois, argent - 1,4 fois, soufre sans sulfate, carbone organique et nickel - 1,3 fois, silicium, plomb et zinc - 1,2 fois, béryllium - 1,1 fois. La concentration de solides en suspension a diminué de 3,0 fois, de cadmium - 1,7 fois, d'aluminium - 1,6 fois, de fer - 1,2 fois, de chlorures - 1,1 fois, de mercure - à des valeurs nulles (de 0,005 μg / dm3). La teneur moyenne en minéraux, oxygène dissous dans l'eau, produits pétroliers, sulfates, soufre total est restée au niveau de 2018. La plage des valeurs de pH n'a pas changé de manière significative. Dans la région des ports du Baïkal du Sud en 2019, les concentrations moyennes de substances normalisées n'ont pas dépassé des normes de qualité des eaux des corps hydriques destinés à la capture industrielle, à l'exception des phénols. La teneur annuelle moyenne en phénols a dépassé les valeurs maximales admissibles de 2,0 fois dans le port de loc.Baïkal et était au niveau des valeurs maximales admissibles dans les ports de loc. Vydrino et de Baïkalsk. Par rapport à 2018, près de la source de l'Angara la teneur moyenne en azote nitrique a augmenté de 6,7 fois, solides en suspension de 1,5 fois, carbone organique de 1,2 fois, produits pétroliers - de zéro à 0,01 mg / dm3; la teneur moyenne en chlorures et en phosphore organique a diminué de 1,3 fois, en sulfates et en phosphore total de 1,1 fois. Dans la partie centrale du lac, dans la région du golfe de Bargouzine et des eaux maigres de Selenga, les concentrations moyennes et maximales de minéraux, d'azote de nitrite, de nitrate et ammoniacal, de phosphates, de silicium, de produits pétroliers, de sulfates, de chlorures ne dépassaient pas les limites réglementées. La consistance de oxygène dissous dans l'eau et la plage des valeurs de pH étaient dans les limites acceptables. Par rapport à 2018 : - dans la zone des eaux peu profondes de Selenga il y a eu une augmentation de la concentration moyenne d'azote nitrique de 3,0 fois, de silicium et de phosphore minéral - 2,0 fois, de phosphore total - 1,5 fois, de sulfates et de carbone organique - 1,3 fois, d'azote ammoniac - 1,2 fois, de produits pétroliers - de zéro à 0,02 mg / dm3, nitrite azote - de zéro à 0,001 mg / dm3; une diminution des solides en suspension de 1,3 fois, des chlorures - de 1,2 fois, de l'oxygène dissous dans l'eau - de 1,1 fois; - dans la région de la baie de Barguzinsky, la teneur moyenne en azote nitrique a augmenté de 10,3 fois, phosphore organique - 2,2 fois, silicium - 1,8 fois, phosphore total - 1,6 fois, azote 310 d'ammonium - 1,4 fois, solides en suspension - 1,3 fois.
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