DLA Piper Martínez Beltrán Infrastructure and Projects Pipeline General overview
www.dlapipermb.com 2 Projects in Colombia
ANTIOQUIA BOYACÁ CESAR HUILA QUINDÍO TOLIMA
ATLÁNTICO CALDAS CÓRDOBA MAGDALENA SANTANDER VALLE DEL CAUCA
BOLIVAR CAUCA CUNDINAMARCA NARIÑO SUCRE www.dlapipermb.com 3 Colombia is your bet
Política Nacional de Logística
Plan Maestro de Plan Maestro Transporte Ferroviario Enabling Policies
Accesos Urbanos Plan Maestro Fluvial
Plan Aeronáutico Estratégico
www.dlapipermb.com 4 Colombia is your bet
The GDP per capita (PPP) in Colombia (2019) has doubled in the last 15 years As a member of OECD, More than 700 multinational Colombia will promote more companies have launched efficient transparent investment programs in institutions, and trade Colombia in the latest years, facilitation, which will allow which shows foreign investor Foreign direct investment improvement and strength in confidence (FDI) in Colombia reached its the key sectors to recover the highest number in 2019 with economy after COVID-19 US $14,493 million, registering an increase of 25.6% compared to the figures of 2018, according to Colombia was officially The Colombian economy is Colombian central bank. acknowledged in the World the fastest growing in Latin Economic Forum as the America. The country's GDP fourth most competitive grew 3.3% in 2019 country of Latin America in 2019 Colombia has access to 60 countries through free trade agreements and to 114 free zones
Colombia is the Latin American country with the greatest progress towards energy transition, rising nine positions in the WEF 2020 Energy Transition Index, being in the 25th place worldwide (World Economic Forum)
www.dlapipermb.com 5 Colombia is your bet
Infrastructure projects still in place even under COVID-19 circumstances
Local governments will promote Multiple development centers infrastructure, transport, and and regions with a growing mobility solutions, which will middle class ensure optimal open opportunities for demand for products and structuring new projects Infrastructure projects, services construction, and housing subsidies will contribute to the economy's reactivation, with the strong support of the national In 2019, Colombia was ranked government second in the Latin American and Caribbean region (behind More business-friendly tax and Chile) in the Infrascope, which regulatory policies are expected assesses a country's ability to to promote investment The economic growth of the implement public-private civil works sector during the first partnerships in sustainable quarter of 2020 obtained a infrastructure significant result of 9.1%, proving that the sector maintains the rhythm that it had in 2019
www.dlapipermb.com 6 Sectors
*All figures provided are subject to be changed either by the competent entity or by the developer, as applicable
www.dlapipermb.com 7 1. Waterway Recovery
www.dlapipermb.com 8 PPP Río Magdalena
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura Cormagdalena
Description Project in Santander and Atlántico departments comprising 908 km improvements to attain navigability of the Magdalena river from Barrancabermeja to Bocas de Ceniza.
Investment USD 700 million
Status Antioquia Ongoing pre-selection tender.
www.dlapipermb.com 9 Recovery of Ecosystems and Dredging of Canal del Dique Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Description Project in the north coast of the country for the complete recovery of the waterway entry to one of the main ports of the Colombia. The project comprises the 117 km restoration of the canal’s ecosystem and the optimization of its navigability.
Investment USD 660 million
Status EOI must be presented before 11 March 2021
www.dlapipermb.com 10 Canal de Acceso Puerto de Buenaventura (Dredging Project)
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Description Project in Valle del Cauca department, comprising the dredging and maintenance of the access channel to the Buenaventura Maritime Terminal in a depth of 16.5 mts.
Investment USD 295 million
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 11 Recuperación Ciénaga de Mallorquín
Competent entity Alcaldía de Barranquilla
Description Improvement of the connectivity between Las Flores neighborhood and the Puerto Mocho beach, including the urban renovation of Las Flores and the environmental recovery of the water body and the Puerto Mocho beach.
Investment USD 80 million
Status Pre-feasibility studies
www.dlapipermb.com 12 2. Airports
www.dlapipermb.com 13 IP New Cartagena Airport
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Description 5G project unsolicited PPP in Bolivar department, comprising the construction of a completely new international airport in Cartagena with an extension of 100,000 square meters. The project will have a concession period of 30 years.
Investment USD 988 million
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 14 IP Expansion of Cartagena Airport
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Description Unsolicited PPP in Bolivar department, comprising the construction and improvement of the terminal, platform, five boarding bridges and taxiway to maximize airport capacity.
Investment USD 160 million
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 15 IP Southwestern Airports
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Descripción Unsolicited PPP comprising the construction and improvement of five airports located in Cali, Neiva, Buenaventura, Armenia and Ibagué. The project will have a concession period of 30 years.
CAPEX 359 million
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 16 Aeropuerto Del Café
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Developer Asociación Aeropuerto del Café
Descripción Association for the construction of the Aeropuerto del Café in the municipality of Palestina, Caldas.
Investment USD 600 million
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 17 IP Sistema Aeroportuario Bogotá D.C. 2050 (SAB 2015) Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Description Unsolicited PPP in Cundinamarca department comprising (i) expansion of the current terminals and platforms (ii) construction of a third runway, a new terminal and a complementary airport with a runway between Madrid and Facatativá. The project will have a concession period of 30 years.
Investment USD 9 billion
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 18 IP Campo de Vuelo El Dorado (Flight field El Dorado)
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Description 5G project unsolicited PPP in Bogotá department, comprising the expansion and improvement of the El Dorado Airport Flight Field.
CAPEX USD 170 million
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 19 3. Railways
www.dlapipermb.com 20 La Dorada - Chiriguaná
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura Financiera de Desarrollo Nacional
Description 5G project, still under design. Comprises the construction of a central corridor with a length of 521km between Caldas and Cesar departments.
Investment USD 366 million
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 21 Línea Férrea Medellín – Urabá
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Developer Ferrocarril de Antioquia
Description This connection will have a total of 305 kilometers and will be enabled for freight and passenger traffic between Medellín and the ports of the Gulf of Urabá. The overall planning of the works has been divided into three sections: La Pintada-Caldas (with 99.7 kilometers), Caldas-Barbosa (76.9 kilometers) and Barbosa-Puerto Berrío (128.4 kilometers).
Investment Pending
Status Pre-feasibility studies
www.dlapipermb.com 22 Tren del Caribe
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura Findeter
Description The Santa Marta-Barranquilla-Cartagena corridor project includes the offer of a regional train that would improve mobility and generate the opportunity for greater interaction between the Caribbean coast region's cities. In addition, the train will be a mixed freight and passenger system connected to La Dorada-Santa Marta central railroad. The proposed length is approximately 238 km.
Investment Pending
Status Pre-feasibility studies
www.dlapipermb.com 23 IP Chiriguaná - Dibulla
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Developer Centromín S.A.S.
Description PPP for the construction and operation of a new 328 km railway line that would connect Puerto Brisa and Dibulla in La Guajira, with the central railway trunk in Chiriguaná-Cesar, to transport minerals, grains, hydrocarbons and general cargo.
Investment USD 335 million
Status Pre-feasibility studies
www.dlapipermb.com 24 IP Tren de Cundinamarca
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Developer GBS Finance
Description The project is structured under the scheme of PPP of private initiative, with a term of 25 years. It consists in the rehabilitation, construction and operation of 170 km of railroad between Facatativá and La Dorada, as well as the operation of the route between Facatativá and Santa Marta (937 km).
Investment USD 170 million
Status Pre-feasibility studies
www.dlapipermb.com 25 IP A Todo Tren (Light rail of Barranquilla)
Competent entity Alcaldía de Barranquilla
Description Unsolicited PPP in Atlántico department, comprising the construction of the first phase of the Barranquilla tram rail which will include 15 stations alongside an 11.8 km line connecting Barranquilla International Airport with the center of the city.
CAPEX USD 688 million
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 26 IP Ferropista en la Cordillera Central
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Description Unsolicited PPP in Quindío and Tolima departments, comprising the construction of a 55 km that includes a tunnel of 44,2km under the “Cordillera Central”.
CAPEX USD 2 billion
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 27 4. Toll Roads
www.dlapipermb.com 28 Malla Vial del Valle del Cauca-Accesos Cali y Palmira (Highway network of Valle del Cauca)
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Description 5G project comprising the construction and improvement of 310 km of road between Cali and Palmira, in Valle del Cauca department, where the main airport of the region is located.
Investment USD 393 million
Status Ongoing tender
www.dlapipermb.com 29 Buga – Loboguerrero – Buenaventura
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Description 5G project comprising the construction and improvement of 55.1 km (Buga- Loboguerrero) and 58.7 km (Loboguerrero-Buenaventura) on a fraction of the “Malla Vial del Valle del Cauca”.
Investment USD 825.2 million
Status Pre-feasibility studies. There is going to be a public tender for each section.
www.dlapipermb.com 30 Troncal del Magdalena C1 (Puerto Salgar- Barrancabermeja)
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Description 5G project of the first sector of “Troncal del Magdalena” in Cundinamarca and Santander departments, comprising (i) the construction of a 148.1 km carriageway, and (ii) the improvement of a 153 km of existing road. The project will have a concession period of 25 years.
Investment USD 662 million
Status Pre-feasibility studies
www.dlapipermb.com 31 Troncal del Magdalena C2 (Barrancabermeja- San Roque)
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Description 5G project on the second sector of “Troncal del Magdalena” in Santander and Antioquia departments, comprising (i) the construction of a second 125.7 km carriageway, and (ii) the improvement of 107,4 km of existing road. The project will have a concession period of 25 years.
Investment USD 552 million
Status Pre-feasibility studies
www.dlapipermb.com 32 Accesos Norte II (North Access II)
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Description 5G project for the north entry of Bogota, comprising (i) a 5.8km roadway expansion from 3 to 5 lanes per way of the “Autopista Norte”, including the BRT lane; (ii) the construction of 4.9 km second lane of “Carrera 7”; and (iii) the construction of 7.2 km of a bypass roadway in Sopó, Cundinamarca.
Investment USD 449 million
Status Pre-feasibility studies
www.dlapipermb.com 33 IP Autopistas para La Paz 2
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Description 5G program - unsolicited PPP in Antioquia and Boyacá departments, comprising the construction and improvement of 110 km of road.
Investment USD 1 billion
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 34 IP ALO Sur
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Description 5G project - unsolicited PPP in Cundinamarca department comprising the construction and improvement of (i) a 14.4 km double carriageway; and (ii) a second 9.9 km carriageway with bike trail.
Investment USD 335 million
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 35 IP Villeta - Guaduas
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Developer Corredores Viales de Occidente S.A.S
Description 5G program - unsolicited PPP in Cundinamarca department, comprising the construction and improvement of 143 km between Villeta and Guaduas, to improve the route from Bogotá to the Caribbean coast.
CAPEX USD 489 million
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 36 IP Autopistas del Sinú
Competent entity Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Description Unsolicited PPP in Córdoba and Sucre departments, comprising the construction of a 55 km second road and the rehabilitation of 83 km.
Investment USD 1 billion
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 37 5. Mass Transportation and Urban Planning
www.dlapipermb.com 38 BRT Replacement of Fleet
Competent entity Transmilenio S.A.
Description Project comprising the replacement of 2.200 buses of the Transmilenio System. The model includes the possibility to provide the fleet and/or to operate it, and the technologies required are electric, GNV-Euro VI, and Diesel Euro IV.
Investment Pending
Status The first public tender closed in October 2020 with an offer to provide and operate 305 buses. Proposals for the second public tender must be presented before 18 December 2020
www.dlapipermb.com 39 Metro Ligero de la 80 La 80 Light Rail (LRT)
Competent entity Alcaldía de Medellín
Description It is a strategic project of sustainable mobility, urban transformation and public space, which will connect the Medellín's western region through light rail technology. The project will have 13.25 km, 17 stations, 3 road bridges and 20 trains.
Investment USD 944 million
Status Under structuring. The public tender will be carried out in mid 2021
www.dlapipermb.com 40 Corredor Verde Cali - Tren de Cercanías
Competent entity Alcaldía de Cali Financiera de Desarrollo Nacional
Description Project in Valle del Cauca department comprising the construction of a train that will connect Cali with Jamundí and Palmira municipalities by traveling 73 kilometers. It includes the improvement of public space.
Investment USD 555 million
Status Preliminary terms of reference for the technical structuring are currently published
www.dlapipermb.com 41 Regiotram del Norte (North Regiotram)
Competent entity Gobernación de Cundinamarca Financiera de Desarrollo Nacional
Description Project in Cundinamarca that comprises the construction of a railway corridor which will connect several surrounding towns in the northern suburbs of Bogotá to the city's BRT system.
Investment Pending
Status Pre-feasibility studies
www.dlapipermb.com 42 Expansión Metro de Bogotá Competent entity Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá
Description The project seeks to cover the demand of transportation in Suba and Engativá districts by connecting those zones with Chapinero through the first line of the Bogotá Metro. With this line, about 2 million people will benefit in both districts where besides having a high population density, there is insufficient supply of mass public transport.
Investment Pending
Status Pre-feasibility studies. The structuring phase will be carried out in 2021
www.dlapipermb.com 43 Corredor Verde de la Séptima Competent entity Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá
Description The project seeks to transform Bogotá’s 7th Avenue. It is divided into three sections and each will have intermodal transportation according to its social needs. It will improve the public space for pedestrians, bicycle and electric transportation. In addition, it will be connected to the North Regiotram and it involves the construction of two overhead cables.
Investment USD 115 million
Status Participation and consultation with impacted communities until December 2020
www.dlapipermb.com 44 SETP Villavicencio
Competent entity Alcaldía de Villavicencio Findeter
Description It includes both the structuring of the Mobility Master Plan and the establishment of the Strategic Public Transport System of Villavicencio (SETP), located in the eastern plains. The structuring project has nine phases, and it has an initial investment of USD 1M.
Investment Pending
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 45 SETP Ibagué
Competent entity Alcaldía de Ibagué
Description The new strategic public transportation system of Ibagué contemplates the construction of stations, bus stops, fleet changes and a comprehensive repair of the road network. This project has already begun its execution phase and it is expected to be completed in the year 2024.
Investment USD 153 million
Status Pre-feasibility studies. The CONPES for this project was approved in December 2020
www.dlapipermb.com 46 Tramo 3 SITM Cali - MIO
Competent entity Alcaldía de Cali Masivo Integrado de Occidente - MIO
Description The project includes the execution of phase II of the MIO System, which includes the intervention of section 3, mixed lanes and the elevated station of Carrera Octava, facilitating access to the service for 408,000 inhabitants of Cali.
Investment USD 61 million
Status The CONPES for this project was approved in December 2020
www.dlapipermb.com 47 Bucaramanga Smart City
Competent entity Alcaldía de Bucaramanga Findeter
Description Improving the quality of life of the inhabitants of Bucaramanga through the transformation of public space with accessibility and efficient mobility. The project includes four phases in the structuring stage, which seeks to identify 5 axes of work and their solutions (two of them are already established i.e., public lighting and traffic lights).
Investment Pending
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 48 6. Water and Public Sanitation
www.dlapipermb.com 49 PTAR Canoas (WWTP Canoas)
Competent entity: Empresa de Acueducto y Alcantarillado de Bogotá (EAAB)
Description Project in the municipality of Soacha, Cundinamarca comprising the construction of a new water treatment plant to decontaminate the Bogotá river and receive 70% of the city´s sewage water.
Investment USD 1 billion
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 50 PTAR Neiva (WWTP Neiva)
Competent entity: Departamento Nacional de Planeación Empresas Públicas de Neiva (Las Ceibas)
Description Project in the municipality of Neiva, Huila comprising the construction of a new water treatment plant to decontaminate the Magdalena river and receive Neiva´s sewage water.
Investment Pending
Status Technical, financial and legal structure was presented on November 2020
www.dlapipermb.com 51 PTAR Duitama (WWTP Duitama)
Competent entity: Departamento Nacional de Planeación Corpoboyacá
Description Project in the municipality of Duitama, Boyacá comprising the construction of a new water treatment plant to decontaminate the Chicamocha river.
Investment Pending
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 52 Acueducto Valledupar
Competent entity Alcaldía de Valledupar
Description Project in Cesar department, comprising the improvement of the sewage system of rural and urban populated centers
Investment Pending
Status The viability of the project was approved by Cesar the OCAD PAZ in September 2020
www.dlapipermb.com 53 7. Social and Institutional
www.dlapipermb.com 54 Expansion of Atanasio Girardot Stadium
Competent entity Alcaldía de Medellín
Developer APP Medellín
Description Design, building, financing, operation, maintenance and establishment of business strategies for finance structural and functional improvements to the Atanasio Girardot sports complex, in order to make it an international sports, cultural and entertainment scene.
Investment USD 118 million
Status Pre-feasibility studies
www.dlapipermb.com 55 Agroindustrial Prison
Competent entity Alcaldía de Medellín
Developer APP Medellín
Description Design, building, financing, operation, maintenance of a prison. The project will help to reduce prison overcrowding, achieve effective re-socialization, generate work opportunities and to have adequate spaces for 2200 inmates. The contract is expected to be awarded in 2021.
Investment USD 19 million
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 56 Hospital Departamental Santa Sofía
Competent entity Hospital Departamental Universitario Santa Sofía
Description The project seeks to improve and strengthen the health network of Caldas to support the current and future demand of patients.
Investment USD 53 million
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 57 Plataforma Logística del Eje Cafetero
Competent entity Gobernación de Risaralda
Description The project is a public initiative Risaralda Department and the National Government through the Ministry of Transport. It has studies at the level of feasibility and 110 hectares for the development of the project.
Investment USD 66 million
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 58 Centro Logístico de Barrancabermeja
Competent entity Gobernación del Santander UK Prosperity Fund
Description Project in Santander department, comprising the construction of a multimodal logistics platform necessary for activities related to packaging, transportation and distribution by air, land and water for the national and international transit of goods.
Investment Pending
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 59 Centro Agro Logístico del Atlántico
Competent entity Gobernación del Atlántico UK Prosperity Fund
Description Project in Atlántico department, comprising the construction of an agricultural logistics center that allows the transformation and merchandizing of agricultural products in the Caribbean region.
Investment Pending
Status Under structuring
www.dlapipermb.com 60 10. Public Policy Strategic Projects
Documents or information developed by national or regional policies
www.dlapipermb.com 61 Plan Maestro Ferroviario
Competent entity Departamento Nacional de Planeación Ministerio de Transporte
Description The following are additional projects included Group I and Grupo II of the Railway Master Plan.
Pacific Train, 498 km Group I Train Bogotá - Belencito, 257 km *La Dorada - Chiriguaná Train, 521 km
Connection between Bogotá and the central corridor Group II Connection between the Pacific Railroad and the Central Railroad Corridor Connection between Medellín and the national railway network
*Documents or *This project is under structuring as explained above
www.dlapipermb.com 62 www.dlapipermb.com 63 Transportation Master Plan
Competent entity Ministerio de Transporte Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Description The following are additional projects included in the Transportation Master Plan.
Public initiatives
Private initiatives
5G - Segunda Ola
www.dlapipermb.com 64 Public Initiatives
Corridor Project CAPEX (USD)
Llanos Orientales – • Bogotá – Villavicencio • 873 million Buenaventura – Pasto • Buga – Loboguerrero* • Loboguerrero – Buenaventura* • Accesos Cali – Palmira* • Popayán – Pasto • 131 million Bogotá – Costa Atlántica • Troncal del Magdalena 1* • Troncal del Magdalena 2* • Barranquilla – Ciénaga • 495 million • Barranquilla – Cartagena • 291 million Bogotá – Medellín – Urabá • Del Toyo Tunnel (Santa Fe de Antioquia – • 407 million Giraldo) Bogotá – Cúcuta • Accesos Norte Fase II* • Zipaquirá – Barbosa – Bucaramanga • 1 billion Corredores fluviales • PPP Río Magdalena* • PPP Canal del Dique* Corredores férreos • La Dorada – Chiriguaná*
*Documents or *Projects information described above
www.dlapipermb.com 65 Private Initiatives
Corridor Project CAPEX (USD) Llanos Orientales – • IP – ALO Sur* Buenaventura – Pasto • IP – Calarcá – La Paila • 495 million Bogotá – Costa Atlántica • IP –Villeta – Guaduas* • IP – Ruta Caribe 2 • 524 million Bogotá – Medellín – Urabá • IP – Puerto Triunfo – Santuario • 815 million
Bogotá Cúcuta • IP – Tunja – Moniquirá – Barbosa • 145 million
IP of Airports • El Dorado Flightfield* • SAB Bogotá 2050* • Expansion of Cartagena Airport* • New Cartagena Airport* • Expansion of Southwestern Airports* • Expansion of SAI Airport • 203 million Buenaventura Port • IP – Dredging* (+ bahía interna and bahía externa)
*Documents or *Projects information described above
www.dlapipermb.com 66 5G “Segunda Ola”
Project CAPEX (USD) Santuario Caño Alegre 902 million
Ruta del Sol 1 378 million
Calarcá - La Paila 262 million**
Popayán – Pasto 131 million
Zipaquirá – Barbosa 931 million**
Barbosa – Bucaramanga 844 million
Ocaña – Cúcuta 495 million
Duitama – Pamplona 320 million
Sogamoso – Aguazul 495 million
San Roque – Cuestecitas 116 million
SAB Bogotá 2050* **
*Documents or *Projects information described above **Projects that have funding and/or an approved budget
www.dlapipermb.com 67 www.dlapipermb.com 68 Links Relevant information of the Sector
Entities • Departamento Nacional de Planeación • Ministerio de Transporte • Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
Law and Policies • Plan Nacional de Desarrollo • Plan Maestro de Transporte Intermodal 2035 • Plan Maestro Fluvial • Plan Maestro Ferroviario • Planes Maestros Aeroportuarios
www.dlapipermb.com 69 Links Relevant information of the Sector CONPES
• 3961. Riesgo contractual en sistemas férreos de pasajeros • 3963. Política para modernización del sector transporte automotor de carga • 3982. Política nacional logística • 3990. Colombia potencia bioceánica sostenible 2030 • 3991. Política nacional de movilidad urbana y regional • 3996. Líneamientos de política para la aplicación e implementación de valorización para infraestructura • 4000. Riesgo contractual en proyectos aeroportuarios con participación privada • 4003. Declaración de importancia Metro Ligero de la 80 – Medellín • 4004. Economía circular en gestión de servicios de agua potable y manejo de aguas residuales • 4010. Declaración de importancia Programa Vías para Legalidad y Reactivación 2030 • 4017. Declaración de importancia SETP Ibagué • 4018. Declaración de importancia SITM Cali • 4019. Declaración de importancia proyecto de saneamiento de vertimientos en cuencas priorizadas del territorio nacional
www.dlapipermb.com 70