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The Bridge River Power Development IT* °\; THE BRIDGE RIVER POWER DEVELOPMENT Plllfi BRITISH COLUMBIA ELECTRIC RAILWAY COMPANY LIMITED sZl >J"t> THE BRIDGE RIVER POWER DEVELOPMENT [DOSSIBLE 600,000 horse-power, a tunnel two and a half miles long, water at 500 pounds pressure to the square inch dropping 1,200 feet into a power-house, power transmitted at 220,000 volts: these are some of the features of the Bridge River Power Development of the British Columbia Electric Railway company. It will generate enough electric power to serve Vancouver and the lower mainland for the next generation. By this develop­ ment, the British Columbia Electric Railway company, is pledging itself to take care of whatever demands for electric power may arise. BRITISH COLUMBIA ELECTRIC RAILWAY COMPANY LIMITED BRIDGE BRIDGE RIVER *V^ RIVER POWER vERPLANTk DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT LILLOOET [2] THE BRIDGE RIVER POWER DEVELOPMENT /N a growing community like Vancouver, there is /never any cessation in the planning of future electric power facilities. As fast as one unit is completed, another is started upon and so the endless process THE FUTURE goes on. POWER SUPPLY Back in 1925, the British Columbia Electric Rail- OF VANCOUVER way COmpany was completing the enlargement of its Stave Falls plant, now with a capacity of 80,000 horse-power. Here was power, one might think, suffi­ cient for the needs of Vancouver and district for many years. Yet at that time, the announcement was made that the B.C. Electric would develop the immense Bridge River project with its possible 600,000 horse­ power. The initial development was announced to be 54,000 horse-power which will cost approximately $14,000,000, while 216,000 horse-power is estimated :>-^ to cost approximately $30,000,000. Owing to the magnitude of the project the cost of the ultimate * development has not yet been worked out in detail. One might have been excused for wondering why more power development was needed when the Stave Falls plant had just been enlarged by 25,000 horse­ power and another plant of 12,000 horse-power com­ ing in. It is because public utilities must look ahead many years, not only because power plants take two, three or even more years to build but because trans­ mission and distribution systems must be planned with a view to future additions and future public needs. Five years, is a short time in the planning of power supply. With the demand for power growing steadily, the B.C. Electric knew that by 1931, addi­ tional power development would be required. But no power company could begin a year or two before that date and look for a power site. [3] [4] THE BRIDGE RIVER POWER DEVELOPMENT Besides the actual construction work, there must be exhaustive surveys of all possible power sites to select the best; that is, the most economical. All this work takes time. In the case of Bridge River, the very LOOKING magnitude of the project called for more time than AHEAD usual. Here was a water power a hundred miles and more away from the nearest base of supplies, where a complete town and all the means of subsistence, travel and comunication had to be established before any­ thing could be done. Bridge river power, then, was to be developed by the British Columbia Electric Railway company and in a year or two it will be flowing into Vancouver in an ever-increasing quantity. The existence of a huge potential water power on Bridge river has been known to engineers for about nineteen years, but so great was the project and so heavy the necessary investment that development was not economically feasible until Vancouver had reached its recent stride. It is interesting to note that about fifteen years ago, the holders of the water rights offered them to the city of Vancouver for development but the offer was not taken up. Bridge river power awaited the growth of Vancouver and the resources of a company the size of the British Columbia Electric Railway company before it could be developed. coo The decision of the B.C. Electric to take up Bridge river came after two years had been spent on survey­ ing the project and all the other available water powers adjacent to Vancouver. Engineers made min­ ute examinations of the scheme, estimating the cost in detail, locating sites for dams, surveying the route for the transmission line and generally settling upon the feasibility of the project. m Above: Bridge River from the Mission Mountain road. Below: La Joie Falls, site of a future dam some thirty miles up Bridge River. w THE BRIDGE RIVER POWER DEVELOPMENT At the same time, they surveyed all the other water power sites which might have been developed, comparing the cost per horse-power and the ultimate capacity; and coming to the conclusion that Bridge river was the best one to develop. PRELIMINARY SURVEYS Not content with the decision of its own engin­ eers, the B.C. Electric engaged two engineers of inter­ national repute who made independent examinations of the scheme, not only on paper but in the field. Their reports corroborated the other findings and Bridge river was pronounced without doubt the most desirable power development. When brought up to its ultimate capacity some years in the future, the Bridge river power plant will be one of the largest on the continent. Possibly no­ where else, will there be such a quantity of power developed under one roof. The possibilities are so vast that no detailed estimate has been made of the date when the ultimate capacity of the plant will be reached. It is known that the site will ultimately warrant a power plant of about 600,000 horse-power. o o o The Bridge river is a large stream, some 135 miles north of Vancouver, originating in many glaciers on the eastern slope of the Coast range mountains. It flows eastward into the Fraser at a point about five miles north of Lillooet. On its way eastward, Bridge river flows within two and a half miles from Seton lake but 1,200 feet above it, it being separated from the lake by a high range of mountains. The scheme in brief is to tunnel through these mountains and thus utilize the head of water made available by the difference in leval between river and lake for the production of electric power. The power house will be located on the shore of Seton lake approximately 150 miles by water and rail from Vancouver. [7] Above, Below: Inclined tramway to the Seton Lake tunnel portal. The gradient averages ap­ proximately 60 per cent. [8] THE BRIDGE RIVER POWER DEVELOPMENT The initial development, now in progress, will consist of one and possibly two generators of 40,000 kilowatts each, depending upon load requirements. Power from the initial units will probably be delivered in Vancouver by the end of 1932. MOVING MOUNTAINS The first part of the project was to drive a tunnel through Mission mountain to divert the water of Bridge river into the penstocks and thus into the water wheels in the power house on Seton lake. This tunnel, as originally planned, was to be 12 feet in diameter and would supply water sufficient for 84,000 horse-power. When more power was needed, another tunnel, 16 feet in diameter would be needed and then the first tunnel would be enlarged to a somewhat greater diameter. It was also planned to bring the first power to Vancouver in 1930, but in 1928 plans were changed to proceed with the first unit of the Ruskin plant, which will be delivering power by the end of Sep­ tember, 1930. This allowed the Company time to en­ large the first tunnel to its ultimate diameter, and to line it throughout with concrete thus greatly in­ creasing its capacity. This enlarged tunnel will be sufficient to supply water for 216,000 horse-power. Then the second tunnel will be driven. Bridge river must also be dammed, first to divert the water through the tunnel and later to form a storage basin to store water over the dry seasons. Like practically all other British Columbia rivers, Bridge is subject to floods and droughts. The average rainfall there is about 15 inches a year and the aver­ age flow of water in the river is 3,702 cubic feet a second. It has, however, been as high as 26,000 cubic feet a second and as low as 164 cubic feet a second. [9] Above: Diamond drilling on Bridge River, in quest of practical dam site. Below: Road over Mission Mountain, characteristic of con­ struction work necessary in the Bridge River development. [10] THE BRIDGE RIVER POWER DEVELOPMENT It is therefore a problem as in all other power de­ velopments in British Columbia, of storing up water by means of dams and releasing it as it is required. When the power plant reaches larger dimensions, A MAN- dams must be constructed which will store a vast MADE LAKE volume of water. It is proposed to replace the original cribwork diversion dam with a permanent structure 175 feet in height and costing about $6,000,000. This will create an artificial lake thirty or thirty-five miles in length up the Bridge river valley. At some later date, other dams will be built farther up the valley. One of these will be at La Joie falls, which will probably be about 190 feet in height. ooo The first large contract was let in the autumn of 1 1927 for the driving of the 2 /2-mile tunnel through Mission mountain.
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