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Nostell Priory: History of a House, 1730-85 Volume 1 of 2 Frances

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Nostell Priory: History of a House, 1730-85 Volume 1 of 2 Frances Nostell Priory: History of a House, 1730-85 Volume 1 of 2 Frances Sands Ph.D University of York Department of History of Art March 2012 Abstract Nostell Priory is one of the most important eighteenth-century buildings in northern England, with a neo-Palladian exterior, and French and Neo-Classical interior. Moreover, it is one of the most riclily documented houses in the National Trust portfolio, with a considerable hunily archive of correspondence and a large collection of architectural drawings. This thesis provides a design and construction history of Nostell, and focuses on the extant graphic and archival sources. Such material provides a rare opportunity to write a monograph of a house, providing a fuller account than lias hitherto been possible by exploring why and how it was built and decorated, along with a comprehensive architectural drawings catalogue. Nostell appears in general architectural texts by John Cornforth, Eileen Harris and others. These authors, however, analyse Nostell witliin larger studies, and this thesis aims to provide a necessary corrective, giving equal weight to questions of load context and patronage; architecture and design; interior decoration and furniture. Issues of social, politiad and connoisseurial ambition were the driving forces teliind the various phases of construction, which resulted in tensions between the public and private uses of the house, as expressed through the architectural ordering of space, and changes in room usage and decorative schemes. The number of creative and executant contributions at N ostell it is impossible to attribute the design of the house to a single author, resulting in a complex and fundamentally collaborative construction history. A review of the works of both celebrated architects and lesser-known craftsmen, who worked at Nostell - including James Moyser, James Paine, Robert Adam, Thomas Perritt, Joseph Rose senior, Joseph Rose junior, Thomas Chippendale, and Antonio Zucclii - can elucidate how the extant house came into being. It is hoped that this thesis will develop our understanding of the building; the reasons for its construction; the manner in which this was undertaken; and thus further inform its coaservation. 2 List of Contents Volume 1: Abstract ......... 2 List of Contents ........ 3 Abbreviations ......... 5 List of Illustrations ........ 6 Acknowledgements . 12 Author’s declaration ........ 13 Introduction ......... 14 Part I. The 4th Baronet’s Nostell (1731-63) Chapter One. Fabric: motivation, influence and design (1731-47) . 21 Introduction ....... 21 i. Sir Rowland Winn, 4lh Baronet of Nostell, and his motives for building at Nostell . 21 ii. Preparation and Design (1731-36) .... 30 iii. The Villa Mocenigp plan and the layout of Nostell Priory . 33 iv. Taking control: designs by James Paine . 38 v. Climate, authorship and Paine’s ideal Nostell . 44 Conclusion ....... 50 Chapter Two. Paine’s Interior (1747-65) .... 51 Introduction ....... 51 i. Loyalty at local level: creating ;in interior fit for political purpose 51 ii. Ambitious pkins: loaning Paine’s layout within a social hierarchy 53 iii. Style and innovation: the State Dining Room as a case study 60 iv. Paine’s role: uncovering the original interior . 65 Conclusion 78 3 Part II. The 5Ul Baronet’s Nostell (1765-85) Chapter Tliree. An Adam interior (1765-76) .... 79 Introduction ....... 79 i. An architect of taste and fashion: motives for reconceiving Nostell Priory ...... 80 ii. Turning to Adam: a new interior for the 5lh Baronet. 94 iii. The finest fittings: Thomas Chippendale and Antonio Zucehi at Nostell Priory . 110 Conclusion . 117 Chapter Four. Completion and reconception of the fabric (1776-85) . 119 Introduction . 119 i. The 5th Baronet’s request and Adam’s proposal for a new layout at Nostell 119 ii. New wings: innovation or reproduction' . 124 iii. A new front: additions to the 4th Baronet’s central block . 130 Conclusion ....... 137 Conclusion ......... 139 Bibliography ......... 143 i. Primary' Sources: Unpublished ..... 143 ii. Primary Sources: Published ...... 177 iii. Secondary Sources: Unpublished ..... 180 iv. Secondary Sources: Published ..... 180 v. Online Resources ....... 193 4 Abbreviations WYAS West Yorkshire Archive Service NDC Nostell Drawings Collection LSO Private collection of Lord St Oswald SM Sir John Soane’s Museum List of illustrations Fig. 1. Henry Pickering, SirRadandW intt, 4 h Baronet e fNested, 1752, Nostell Priory, West Yorkshire, oil on canvas (The National Trust, NcstdlPriory, Yerkshite(London, 2001), p. 52). Fig. 2. Henry Pickering, SirReuland Winn 4h Bern»et (/Nested, detail, 1752, Nostell Priory, West Yorkshire, oil on canvas (The National Trust, Nested Priay Yorkshire^London, 2001), p. 52). Fig. 3. Henry Pickering, SirRexdand Wim 4h Bannt efNested, detail, 1752, Ncxstell Priory, West Yorkshire, oil on canvas (The National Trust, Nested Priery, Yerhshire(London, 2001), p. 52). Fig. 4. Thomas Gainsborough, William Poyntz, 1762, Althorp Castle, Northamptonshire, oil on canvas (www.altliorp.com/ estate_family_history.php - accessed 20 January 2009). Fig. 5. HafftonHdl, Norfolk: pkin and elevation, by Colen Campbell, from Colen Campbell's V itm hs BriiatviasIII (1722-35) (Campbell, C. V itneiis Britan sets III (London, 1725), pi. 30). Fig. 6. HdklxanHdl, Norfolk: plan, by Matthew Brettingham, from Matthew Brettingjiam’s Tlx Plats, E letatias eail Sal levs, efH dkham inN erfdk, The Sat efthe late E ad e ft eiaster(\l(i\) (Brettingham, M. Tlx Plats, E laatias attdSexliexs, eflleiklxm in N erfdk, The Seat efthe Icte Earl ef Ldaster(London, 1761), principal storey). Fig. 7. Colen Campbell, Desigijeragutt Pdladian base in the turner efN estdl, no date, RIBA, London, pen :incl wash (Harris, J. (ed.). Cctciege(ftheD tut itfg CellodiatefdxReydhstititeef British A nhitexts, 4,h vol. (Hampshire, 1973), fig- 137). Fig. 8. Wcastead Hase, Essex: elevation, by Colen Campliell, from Colen Camplxdl’s V iln iu s BritatvmsUl (1720) (Campbell, C. V itm iis Britatrtias 111 (London, 1725) pi. 39-40). Fig. 9. VM aM emigx Dolo: plan and elevation, by Andrea Palladio, from Andrea Palladio’s T lx Fear Berks at A tdnteelmvic. mid-sixteenth-century) (Ware, I. (trans.). A ttbm Padackt. TheFatr Berks a t A rdoitelioe, 2nd ed. (1738; New York, 1965) Book 2, pi. 58). 6 Fig. 10. V illa Pivot Bagnolo: plan and elevation, by Andre:! Palladio, from Andre:! Palladio’s The Fair Bocks on A id.ntatiovic. mid-sixteenth century) (Ware, I. (trans.). A nbm Polk rio The Fair Bocks cnA izbilaliav, 2nd ed. (1738; New York, 1965) Book 2, pi. 30). Fig. 11. V illa Trinino, Meledo: plan and elevation, by Andre:! Palladio, from Andrea Palladio’s The Fair Berks a i A nhitaJureic. mid-sixteenth century) (Ware, I. (trans.). A nbmPdlack) The F a r Bates at A nijitaiioe, 2nd ed. (1738; New York, 1965) Book 2, pi. 43). Fig. 12. Nostdl Priory, West Yorkshire: plan of the principal floor, byjames Paine, from J. WoolfeandJ. Gandon’s VitruiitsBritannia«IV (1767)(Woolfe,J. andGandon,J. Vila oil« Britannia«IV (London, 1767), pi. 70). Fig. 13. James Paine, Letter form of ‘d’ at the beginning of a word, from a letter in the archive (WYAS WYL 1352(1) A4/1514/59 (9"’ April 1747)). Fig. 14. James Paine, Letter form of ‘d’ at the end of a word, from a letter in the archive (WYAS WYL 1352(1) A 4/1514/59 (91'1 April 1747)). Fig. 15. James Paine, Letter form of ‘g’ at the end of a word, from a letter in the archive (WYAS WYL 1352(1) A 4/1514/59 (9th April 1747)). Fig. 16. James Paine, Letter form of ‘Paine’, from a letter in the archive (WYAS WYL 1352(1) A4/1514/59 (9lh April 1747)). Fig. 17. James Paine, Letter form of ‘P’, from a letter in the arcliive (WYAS WYL 1352(1) A 4/1514/59 (9th April 1747)). Fig. 18. Nastdl Priory West Yorkshire: detail of the window pediments on thepianondbilelevel (author’s photograph). Fig. 19. NostdlPriory, West Yorksliire: elevation of the east front, byjames Paine, fromj. Woolfe and J. Gandon’s V itnoii« Britannia« IV (1767) (Woolfe, J. and Gandon, J. Vitnaii« Britannia« IV (London, 1767), pi. 72-73). 7 Fig. 20. NcstdlPriory, West Yorkshire: east front (author’s photograph). Fig. 21. Wodnath Hdl, West Yorkshire: principal and garden fronts (Leach, V .Jams Poire (London, 1988), p. 54). Fig. 22. O rm byH dl, Lincolnshire principal front (Leach, P. JanesPairedondon, 1988), p. 55). Fig. 23. NcstdlFrier); West Yorkshire: composite pkm, byJean Godwin, from M.W. Brockwell’s CddcgecJ'the Pictures andciher Works cJ'A rt intheCdlaliai(fL arlSt. Osuddct Ncstdl FVzcry (1915). (Brockwell, M.W. C ctdcgecfthe Pidvns and other Works o f A rt in tie CdlectioncfLcrdSt. Osnddct N c s t d l London, 1915), pi. 5). Fig. 24. Ncstdl Pricy; West Yorkshire: pkm of the basement floor, by James Paine, fromj. WoolfeandJ. Gandon’s V limitsBritatvmsIV (1767)(Woolfe,J. andGandon, J. V iln iu s B rita m a sIV (London, 1767), pi. 71). Fig. 25. Ncstdl IMay, West Yorksliire: west front of the Kitchen pavilion and link (author’s photograph). Fig. 26. Ncstdl Priory, West Yorks!lire: State Dressing Room (The National Trust, N<stdl Priay YcrksbiwiLondon, 2001), p. 18). Fig. 27. Ncstdl Priay, West Yorkshire: south front of the central block (author’s photograph). Fig. 28. KedestmHdl, Derbyshire: pkm of the j)koi> n M e level, by Rolxrt Ackun, SM Adun volume 40/6 (1760). Fig. 29- KedestaiHdl, Derbyshire: section of the stairwell, by Rolx-rt Adam, SM A dun volume 40/25 (1760). Fig. 30. Ncstdl Priay, West Yorksliire: State Dining Room (The National Trust, Ncstdl Pricy; Y a ksld tvd ondon, 2001), p. 21). 8 Fig. 31- SuLhttnl J'crL axiOrford, location unknown: sideboard, by William Kent, from William Kent’s San? Designs (fM rlrn g )Ja ts (axi Mr W mKetl (date unknown) (V ardy, J . Some Design ( f Mrltigpjaxs cotiMr WmKat, uithsonvA ditiariDesign (London, 1744), pi.
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