Peyzaj Degisimlerinin Analizi: Istanbul Sariyer Ornegi

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Peyzaj Degisimlerinin Analizi: Istanbul Sariyer Ornegi İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ DOKTORA TEZİ PEYZAJ DEĞİŞİMLERİNİN ANALİZİ: İSTANBUL, SARIYER ÖRNEĞİ Gül Aslı AKSU Peyzaj Mimarlığı Anabilim Dalı Peyzaj Mimarlığı Programı Danışman Prof. Dr. Adnan UZUN Kasım, 2012 İSTANBUL İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ DOKTORA TEZİ PEYZAJ DEĞİŞİMLERİNİN ANALİZİ: İSTANBUL, SARIYER ÖRNEĞİ Gül Aslı AKSU Peyzaj Mimarlığı Anabilim Dalı Peyzaj Mimarlığı Programı Danışman Prof. Dr. Adnan UZUN Kasım, 2012 İSTANBUL Bu çalışma İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Yürütücü Sekreterliğinin 10375 Numaralı Doktora Tezi Projesi ile desteklenmiştir. ÖNSÖZ Araştırma boyunca değerli desteklerini, önerilerini ve yönlendirmelerini esirgemeyen, birçok konuda anlayış göstererek çalışmamı özgür bir ortamda gerçekleştirmeme imkan veren danışman hocam Prof. Dr. Adnan UZUN’a teşekkürü borç bilirim. Yoğun çalışma temposuna rağmen, tez izleme toplantılarına katılıp, gerek altlık verilerin oluşturulması, gerek analiz yöntemlerinin tercih edilmesi hususlarında değerli önerilerini esirgemeyen, sayın hocam Prof. Dr. Nebiye MUSAOĞLU’na ve doktora yapmak konusunda bana cesaret veren, kritik aşamalarda kritik eleştirileriyle araştırmayı olgunlaştırmama yardım eden, sayın hocam Prof. Dr. Aytuğ AKESEN’e; tezimin mekansal analiz boyutunu kurgulamam sırasında verdiği büyük destekten ötürü, değerli hocam Doç. Dr. Şermin TAĞIL’a ve doktora öncesi araştırmalarımda bana sağladıkları değerli katkılardan ötürü Dr. Harald KUTZENBERGER’e ve Dr. Gabriele KUTZENBERGER’e; Sarıyer’i örnek alan olarak seçmemi teşvik eden, değerli hocam Yard. Doç. Dr. Nurgül ERDEM’e teşekkür ederim. Tezimin her aşamasında bana verdiği destek ve tez kurgularımda sağladığı bilimsel katkı, ayrıca yardımsever yaklaşımından dolayı Dr. Mert EKŞİ’ye ve altlık verilerin temin edilmesinde destek sağlayan Araş. Gör. Simay KIRCA’ya; tezimin sosyolojik boyutuyla ilgili sağladıkları katkıdan ötürü Yard. Doç. Dr. Serap KELEŞ’e, Dr. Burçak ERDOĞAN ONUR’a ve Uzman Psikolojik Danışman Pınar EKŞİ’ye teşekkür ederim. Yönlendirmeleriyle bana yardımcı olan Yük. Orman Mühendisi Canan YEŞİL’e ve değerli hocam Prof. Dr. Ahmet YEŞİL’e; sosyolojik analizleri gerçekleştirmem konusunda büyük destek sağlayan sayın Salih ERTÜRK’e ve Peyzaj Yüksek Mimarı Pınar ŞENKAYNAK EKŞİ’ye teşekkür ederim. Her aşamada ve her konuda bana destek olan hayat arkadaşım, Metin Ruhi AKSU’ya, her zaman kendinden fedakarlık ederek beni bu günlere getiren annem Z. Gülay BOZBAY’a, bilimsel araştırmalarda da çok faydalandığım objektif yaklaşımını her zaman örnek aldığım, bana her konuda destek olan babam Vedat BOZBAY’a ve kardeşim N. Ahu BOZBAY’a, her zaman sistemli çalışma, analitik bakma, bilimsel sorgulama şeklini kendime örnek aldığım dayım Günok ÖZKER’e ve teyzem Gülnur ÖZKER’e, ablam N. Arzu BOZBAY ŞİLİT’e, Ender ŞİLİT’e, ve yeğenim G. Derin ŞİLİT’e, bu tezin özel hayatımdan ve özellikle oğlumdan götürdüğü şeyleri telafi etmek için büyük fedakarlık ve özveri gösteren, manevi suçluluğumu en aza indirgememe yardım eden, her konuda anlayış gösteren, ikinci annem Işkın AKSU’ya minnettarım. Bu çalışma, koruyucu meleğim, Gülşen ÖZKER’e ve beni koryucu meleği kabul eden oğlum, Atakan Ruhi AKSU’ya armağanımdır. Kasım, 2012 Gül Aslı AKSU i İÇİNDEKİLER ÖNSÖZ ....... .................................................................................................. i İÇİNDEKİLER ......................................................................................... ii ŞEKİL LİSTESİ ........................................................................................ vi TABLO LİSTESİ ................................................................................... viii SEMBOL LİSTESİ ...................................................................................ix ÖZET ..........................................................................................................xi SUMMARY ............................................................................................ xiii 1. GİRİŞ ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1. ARAŞTIRMANIN AMACI ............................................................................. ..1 1.2. LİTERATÜR ÖZETİ ........................................................... .............................4 1.3. ARAŞTIRMANIN ÖZGÜN DEĞERİ ............................................................ 11 2. GENEL KISIMLAR ............................................................................ 15 2.1. PEYZAJ BİLEŞENLERİ ..................................................................................15 2.2. PEYZAJ STÜRKTÜRÜ VE MEKANSAL BİLEŞENLER ..........................15 2.2.1.Ünite ..............................................................................................................16 2.2.2.Koridor .........................................................................................................16 2.2.3.Matris ............................................................................................................17 2.3.PEYZAJ DEĞİŞİMİ VE MEKANSAL DÖNÜŞÜM SÜREÇLERİ ..............18 2.3.1.Değişim .........................................................................................................18 2.3.2.Mekansal Dönüşüm Süreçleri .....................................................................19 3. MALZEME VE YÖNTEM ........................................................ ….....22 3.1.ARAŞTIRMA ALANI’NIN BİYOFİZİKSEL ÖZELLİKLERİ ......... …......22 3.1.1.Coğrafi Konum ........................................................................ ....................22 ii 3.1.2.Jeomorfoloji ve Jeolojik Yapı ................................................................ ....23 3.1.3.Hidroloji ve Jeohidroloji ........................................................................... .25 3.1.4.Toprak Yapısı ............................................................................................. .26 3.1.5.İklim ............................................................................................................ .27 3.1.6.Vejetasyon Tipleri ...................................................................................... .27 3.1.6.1.Kıyı Kumulları ..................................................................................... 27 3.1.6.2.Maki – Pseudomaki – Garik ve Fundalık Toplulukları ....................... 29 3.1.6.3.Ormanlar.............................................................................................. 30 3.1.7.Fauna ............................................................................................................ 32 3.2.ARAŞTIRMA ALANI’NIN SOSYO-KÜLTÜREL VE SOSYO-EKONOMİK YAPISI ...................................................................................................................... 33 3.2.1.Tarihsel Gelişim .......................................................................................... 33 3.2.2.İdari Yapı ..................................................................................................... 35 3.2.3.Nüfus ............................................................................................................ 36 3.2.4.Eğitim Durumu ........................................................................................... 38 3.2.5.Yaş ................................................................................................................ 39 3.2.6.Sosyo-Ekonomik Yapı................................................................................. 39 3.2.7.Tesisler ve Donatılar ................................................................................... 40 3.2.8.Koruma Statüsü Olan Alanlar ................................................................... 40 3.2.8.1.SİT Alanları .......................................................................................... 40 3.2.8.2.Belgrad Muhafaza Ormanı – Tabiat Parkı .......................................... 42 3.2.9.Koruma Alanı Olarak Önerilen Alanlar .................................................. 43 3.2.10.Araştırma Alanı İçerisinde Önem Taşıyan Diğer Alanlar .....................45 3.2.10.1.Atatürk Arboretumu ........................................................................... 45 3.2.10.2.İstanbul Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Ormanı ........................... 45 3.2.11.Araştırma Alanı’nda Mevcut Arazi Kullanımları ................................. 46 3.2.11.1.Yerleşim.............................................................................................. 46 3.2.11.2.Ulaşım ................................................................................................ 47 3.2.11.3.Rekreasyon ......................................................................................... 47 3.2.11.4.Taş-Maden Ocağı İşletmeciliği .......................................................... 48 3.2.11.5.Tarımsal Faaliyetler ve Hayvancılık ................................................. 49 3.2.11.6.Ağaçlandırma Sahaları ...................................................................... 49 3.3.YÖNTEM ............................................................................................................ 51 iii 3.3.1.Peyzaj Desen Analizi (Mekansal Analiz) .................................................. 53 3.3.1.1.Peyzaj Desen Analizi Mekansal Veri Tipleri ....................................... 53 3.3.1.2.Peyzaj Desen (Patern) Metrikleri ........................................................ 54 3.3.1.3.Kategorik Harita Desen (Patern) Bileşenleri ve İlişkili
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