DOCSLIB.ORG

The Antarctic Fish Harpagifer Antarcticus Under Current

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Antarctic Fish Harpagifer Antarcticus Under Current Progress in Oceanography 174 (2019) 37–43 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Progress in Oceanography journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pocean The Antarctic fish Harpagifer antarcticus under current temperatures and salinities and future scenarios of climate change T ⁎ Jorge M. Navarroa,b, , Kurt Paschkeb,c, Alejandro Ortiza,b, Luis Vargas-Chacoffa,b, Luis Miguel Pardoa,b, Nelson Valdiviaa,b a Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile b Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (Fondap IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile c Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Antarctic coasts are highly vulnerable environments where temperature have remained very constant along Warming millions of years. These unique environmental conditions have generated a large number of stenoic species that Salinity decrease could be highly sensitive to future scenarios of climate change. We investigated the separate and interactive Harpagifer effects of increasing seawater temperature and decreasing salinity on the physiological performance of the Physiology notothenioid fish, Harpagifer antarcticus. Adult individuals were exposed to an orthogonal combination of five Antarctic temperatures (2, 5, 8, 11, 14 °C) and three salinities (23, 28, 33 psu) for a 10-day period. A drastic increment in Magellan Region fi Climate change mortality was observed with seawater warming; the pattern in response to lower salinity was less clear. No sh died at the two lowest temperatures (2 and 5 °C); however, mortality increased significantly at the two highest temperatures across the salinity treatments (33.3% at 11 °C; 93.3% at 14 °C). No data were obtained at 14 °C that could be included in the physiological analyses. Ingestion and absorption rates were significantly affected by temperature and salinity, but not by the interaction of the two. Finally, we observed a negative effect of tem- perature but not of salinity or the interaction of both on the scope for growth of H. antarcticus. These results suggest that this species could cope with a moderate temperature increase (5 °C) in the Antarctic. However, the higher metabolic rates observed at 8 and 11 °C are associated with conditions beyond the natural thermal window of this species, representing a disadvantage in the face of climate change. Therefore, and even in the hypothetical case that H. antarcticus were able to disperse to sub-Antarctic areas such as the Magellan Region, current and projected scenarios of seawater temperatures might be unsuitable for the development of effective populations of this species. The results confirm the stenothermal nature of H. antarcticus, considering its high vulnerability to environmental changes and its limited ability to cope with the more severe global warming models projected for the Antarctic and Magellan regions for the end of the century (mainly temperature). 1. Introduction makes them potentially vulnerable to warming scenarios. The Antarctic Peninsula has been described as one of the environ- Antarctic coasts are highly vulnerable environments and sensitive to ments most affected by climate change in the world, which can disrupt climate changes and the environmental conditions (e.g., seawater local interactions and, thus, ecosystem functioning and stability (Duffy temperature, dissolved oxygen) there have remained very constant et al., 2017). Changes in temperature and salinity in the Southern along millions of years. Ectotherms living in these unique environ- Ocean have been described as a prominent signal of climate change. On mental conditions have generated a large number of stenoic species that average, surface seawater of the Western Antarctic Peninsula has could be highly sensitive to environmental changes such as those ex- warmed nearly 1 °C in the last half century, and salinity has experienced pected by the end of the century (Ficke et al., 2007; IPCC, 2014). It strong changes, especially in coastal surface waters, due to melting should be noted that coastal Antarctic communities are characterized Antarctic sea ice (Szafranski and Lipski, 1982; Meredith and King, by high endemism (Hogg et al., 2011; Griffiths and Waller, 2016) and 2005; Turner et al., 2005; Haumann et al., 2016). Currently, tempera- that the limited ability to move to colder latitudes as the ocean warms, tures up to 3 °C have already been reported for shallow benthic ⁎ Corresponding author at: Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. E-mail address: [email protected] (J.M. Navarro). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2018.09.001 Available online 06 September 2018 0079-6611/ © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. J.M. Navarro et al. Progress in Oceanography 174 (2019) 37–43 environments in the Antarctic Peninsula (Cárdenas et al., 2018). De- Sub-Antarctic communities. spite these rapid abiotic changes, the responses of Antarctic organisms and consumer-resource interactions to ocean warming and reduced 2. Materials and methods salinity remain unclear. The ability of an organism to face changes in temperature and 2.1. Collection site and experimental design salinity is related to its level of tolerance. Stenoic organisms have low tolerance and can only survive in a narrow thermal range. Therein, Adult Harpagifer antarcticus (n = 75) were caught by turning over their aerobic performance is maximal and covers all physiological costs. rocks in the lower intertidal zone off the South Shetland Islands, Fildes When the organism is exposed to either extreme of the temperature Bay, King George Island (62° 11′ S, 58° 59′ W). Fish were maintained for range, its capacity for aerobic performance is reduced (Pejus tempera- one week at 2 °C, 33 psu, under a natural photoperiod (period to re- tures; Pörtner, 2002). Beyond those critical temperatures, the mi- cover from the stress of collection, in situ environmental conditions tochondrial demand for oxygen cannot be met. were preserved), and fed ad libitum with their natural diet. For this, Stenohaline organisms also have a rather narrow range of tolerance amphipods, Gondogeneia antarctica (length = 6.8 ± 0.67 mm, dry for salinity, and survival decreases above and below the optimal range weight = 0.91 ± 0.06 mg), were collected every two days. (Kinne, 1964). In terms of the relationship between temperature and After the recovery period, the fish were placed in individual aquaria salinity, a reduction in salinity can heighten the sensitivity of an or- (one fish per aquarium; 5-L volume) and exposed to different combi- ganism, reducing its thermal tolerance range as well as its capacity to nations of temperature (2, 5, 8, 11, 14 °C) and salinity (23, 28, 33 psu) respond to certain levels of environmental change (Kinne, 1970). for 10 days (n = 5 aquaria per combination). The control group corre- Temperature is one of the most important environmental variables sponded to the specimens exposed to 2 °C and 33 psu and the other for ectotherms as it controls all biochemical reactions within the body combinations of temperature/salinity to experimental conditions that tissues (Hochachka and Somero, 2002). Because many marine organ- simulated current environmental conditions of the Magellan region and isms live close to their thermal compensatory capacity (Somero, 2002), possible future scenarios of climate change for Antarctica and they are highly affected (i.e., behavioral and physiological responses) Magallanes. Seawater was changed every other day (regardless of by environmental temperatures that fluctuate beyond their species- temperature) and maintained within a range of variation of ± 0.5 °C. specific optimum, with effects extending to survival and ecological in- teractions (Pörtner, 2006; Godbold and Solan, 2013; Sandblom et al., 2.2. Fish mortality, ingestion, and absorption rates 2014). Thus, physiological plasticity has been described as one of the main factors influencing survival in ectothermic organisms, and the All aquaria were monitored daily, and dead fish were removed each capacity to acclimate has been recognized as a key process for coping day. The number of dead individuals was pooled for a period of 10 days (or not) with climate change drivers (Calosi et al., 2008; Peck et al., and expressed as accumulated mortality for each treatment combina- 2010). tion. The coastal ichthyofauna of Antarctica is highly endemic and Ingestion rates of H. antarcticus were determined every two days. dominated by fish belonging to the suborder Notothenioids Twenty new amphipods were supplied to each aquarium every day and (Andriashev, 1987). The physiological characteristics of this group of consumed preys were determined by collecting all uneaten amphipods. fish are related to its isolation as well as the physical characteristics of To evaluate the daily ingested ration, regressions between total length the environment (Clarke, 1983): stable low temperatures, high salinity, (anterior margin of head to telson) of 80 individuals of each prey and seasonal changes in the ice sheet. The model species for the present (L = cm) versus dry tissue weight (W = mg) were carried out using the study was the Antarctic notothenioid fish, Harpagifer antarcticus. This allometric equation W = aLb. Ingestion rates (mg·h-1) were converted to stenothermic species (Brodeur et al., 2003) inhabits shallow waters energy units using the conversion factors 1 g dry tissue weight of the (0–20 m) from the Antarctic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Biodiversity Survey of Scavenging Amphipods in a Proposed Marine Protected Area: the Filchner Area in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica
    Polar Biology https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2292-7 ORIGINAL PAPER A biodiversity survey of scavenging amphipods in a proposed marine protected area: the Filchner area in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica Charlotte Havermans1,2 · Meike Anna Seefeldt2,3 · Christoph Held2 Received: 17 October 2017 / Revised: 23 February 2018 / Accepted: 24 February 2018 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract An integrative inventory of the amphipod scavenging fauna (Lysianassoidea), combining morphological identifcations with DNA barcoding, is provided here for the Filchner area situated in the south-eastern Weddell Sea. Over 4400 lysianassoids were investigated for species richness and relative abundances, covering 20 diferent stations and using diferent sampling devices, including the southernmost baited traps deployed so far (76°S). High species richness was observed: 29 morphos- pecies of which 5 were new to science. Molecular species delimitation methods were carried out with 109 cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI) sequences obtained during this study as well as sequences from specimens sampled in other Antarctic regions. These distance-based analyses (trees and the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery method) indicated the presence of 42 lineages; for 4 species, several (cryptic) lineages were found. More than 96% of the lysianassoids collected with baited traps belonged to the species Orchomenella pinguides s. l. The diversity of the amphipod scavenger guild in this ice-bound ecosystem of the Weddell Sea is discussed in the light of bottom–up selective forces. In this southernmost part of the Weddell Sea, harbouring spawning and nursery grounds for silverfsh and icefshes, abundant fsh and mammalian food falls are likely to represent the major food for scavengers.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Morphometry of the Retina in Antarctic Fishes Is Dependent Upon the Level of Hemoglobin in Circulation Jody M
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library 2006 Vascular Morphometry of the Retina in Antarctic Fishes is Dependent upon the Level of Hemoglobin in Circulation Jody M. Wujcik Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Oceanography Commons Recommended Citation Wujcik, Jody M., "Vascular Morphometry of the Retina in Antarctic Fishes is Dependent upon the Level of Hemoglobin in Circulation" (2006). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 135. http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/135 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. VASCULAR MORPHOMETRY OF THE RETINA IN ANTARCTIC FISHES IS DEPENDENT UPON THE LEVEL OF HEMOGLOBIN IN CIRCULATION BY Jody M. Wujcik B.S. East Stroudsburg University, 2004 A THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (in Marine Biology) The Graduate School The University of Maine August, 2006 Advisory Committee: Bruce D. Sidell, Professor of Marine Sciences, Advisor Harold B. Dowse, Professor of Biological Sciences Seth Tyler, Professor of Zoology and Cooperating Professor of Marine Sciences VASCULAR MORPHOMETRY OF THE RETINA IN ANTARCTIC FISHES IS DEPENDENT UPON THE LEVEL OF HEMOGLOBIN IN CIRCULATION By Jody M. Wujcik Thesis Advisor: Dr. Bruce D. Side11 An Abstract of the Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (in Marine Biology) August, 2006 Antarctic notothenioids express the circulating oxygen-binding protein hemoglobin (Hb) over a broad range of blood concentrations.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Direct Effects on Antarctic Fish and Indirect Effects on Ecosystems and Fisheries Management
    PCAS 15 (2012/2013) Supervised Project Report (ANTA604) Climate change direct effects on Antarctic fish and indirect effects on ecosystems and fisheries management Beth Vanderhaven Student ID:42236339 Word count:4816 Abstract/executive summary (ca. 200 words): Climate change has direct effects on the physiology of Antarctic fish. These polar fish, predominantly from Notothenioidei, are well adapted for the stable, cold environmental conditions of the Southern Ocean. Physiological adaptations include antifreeze glycogen proteins (AFGP) and a narrow tolerance to temperature change. Climate change does not impact evenly around Antarctica, in areas of warming there are predicted negative effects on fish stock and survivability, habitats and indirectly ecosystems. In turn fisheries and their management must also take into account the direct impacts on the Antarctic fish they harvest. This critical review identifies specific areas of weakness of fish species, habitats and the Antarctic marine ecosystem. Whilst also identifying current fisheries issues that need to be addressed due to the direct influences on the Antarctic fish. Table of contents Introduction ……….………………………………………………………………………………………………page 3 Climate change………….…………………………………………………………………………………….…page 3-4 Antarctic fish…………………………………………………………………………………………………...…page 4-6 Direct effects on fish…………………………….………………………………………………………..….page 6-7 Ecosystem effects……………………………………………..………..…………………………..………...page 7-8 Management and Fisheries……….…………………………………………………………………….….page 8 Discussion and Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………..page 9-10 References…………………………………………..…………………………………………..………………...page 10-13 Page nos. 1-13 Word count. 4816 Introduction Fisheries in the Southern Ocean are the longest continuous human activity in Antarctica and have had the greatest effect on the ecosystem up to this point (Croxall & Nicol, 2004). Now we are seeing the effects climate change is having on its ecosystem and fish, identifying it now as the current and future threat to them.
    [Show full text]
  • Mitochondrial Phylogeny of Trematomid Fishes (Nototheniidae, Perciformes) and the Evolution of Antarctic Fish
    MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Vol. 5, No. 2, April, pp. 383±390, 1996 ARTICLE NO. 0033 Mitochondrial Phylogeny of Trematomid Fishes (Nototheniidae, Perciformes) and the Evolution of Antarctic Fish PETER A. RITCHIE,²,*,1,2 LUCA BARGELLONI,*,³ AXEL MEYER,*,§ JOHN A. TAYLOR,² JOHN A. MACDONALD,² AND DAVID M. LAMBERT²,2 ²School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; *Department of Ecology and Evolution and §Program in Genetics, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5245; and ³Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita di Padova, Via Trieste 75, 35121 Padua, Italy Received November 22, 1994; revised June 2, 1995 there is evidence that this may have occurred about The subfamily of ®shes Trematominae is endemic to 12±14 million years ago (MYA) (Eastman, 1993; the subzero waters of Antarctica and is part of the Bargelloni et al., 1994). larger notothenioid radiation. Partial mitochondrial There may have been a suite of factors which allowed sequences from the 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) the notothenioids, in particular, to evolve to such domi- genes and a phylogeny for 10 trematomid species are nance in the Southern Oceans. Several authors have presented. As has been previously suggested, two taxa, suggested that speciation within the group could have Trematomus scotti and T. newnesi, do not appear to be been the result of large-scale disruptions in the Antarc- part of the main trematomid radiation. The genus Pa- tic ecosystem during the Miocene (Clarke, 1983). The gothenia is nested within the genus Trematomus and isostatic pressure from the accumulation of ice during has evolved a unique cyropelagic existence, an associ- the early Miocene (25±15 MYA) left the continental ation with pack ice.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hemoglobins of Sub-Antarctic Fishes of the Suborder Notothenioidei
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Polar Science 4 (2010) 295e308 http://ees.elsevier.com/polar/ The hemoglobins of sub-Antarctic fishes of the suborder Notothenioidei Daniela Coppola a, Daniela Giordano a, Alessandro Vergara b, Lelio Mazzarella b, Guido di Prisco a, Cinzia Verde a, Roberta Russo a,* a Institute of Protein Biochemistry, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, I-80131 Naples, Italy b Department of Chemistry, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy Received 16 December 2009; revised 19 April 2010; accepted 19 April 2010 Available online 12 May 2010 Abstract Fishes of the perciform suborder Notothenioidei provide an excellent opportunity for studying the evolution and functional importance of evolutionary adaptations to temperature. To understand the unique biochemical features of high-Antarctic noto- thenioids, it is important to improve our knowledge of these highly cold-adapted stenotherms with new information on their sub- Antarctic relatives. This paper focuses on the oxygen-transport system of two non-Antarctic species, Eleginops maclovinus and Bovichtus diac- anthus. Unlike most Antarctic notothenioids, the blood of E. maclovinus and B. diacanthus displays high hemoglobin (Hb) multiplicity. E. maclovinus, the sister group of Antarctic notothenioids, has one cathodal (Hb C) and two anodal components (Hb 1, Hb 2). B. diacanthus, one of the most northern notothenioids, has three major Hbs. The multiple Hbs may have been maintained as a response to temperature differences and fluctuations of temperate waters, much larger than in the Antarctic.
    [Show full text]
  • Notothenioid Fishes
    Proposal for the construction of BAC libraries for Antarctic notothenioid fishes H. William Detrich1 and Chris T. Amemiya2 1Dept. of Biology, 414 Mugar Hall, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 ([email protected]) 2Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101 ([email protected]) Unplanned natural experiments create ecological communities that we would never have dreamed of creating…. (Diamond, 2001) 1. The importance of notothenioid fishes to biomedical or biological research Polar biology stands on the threshold of a revolution: the application of genome science to investigate the evolution, biodiversity, physiology, and biochemistry of the exotic organisms and communities of polar ecosystems (NRC, 2003). The rapid onset of extremely cold (−1.86o C, the freezing point of seawater), thermally stable, and oxygen-rich conditions in the isolated Antarctic marine ecosystem over the past 15 million years has certainly driven the evolution of its biota. Among polar organisms, the phylogenetic history of the teleostean suborder Notothenioidei, which is largely endemic to the Antarctic, is the most completely understood (Ritchie et al., 1996; Chen et al., 1998; Eastman, 2000; Eastman & McCune, 2000). The notothenioid radiation (Fig. 1) has produced different life history or ecological types similar in magnitude to those displayed by taxonomically unrelated shelf fishes elsewhere in the world. On the basis of habitat dominance and ecological diversification, notothenioids are one of the Figure 1. Relationships of the suborder Notothenioidei. The few examples of a “species flock” of marine notothenioids are thought to comprise six families whose relationships are given in the tree. The numbers in parentheses indicate number of fishes (Eastman, 2000; Eastman & McCune, taxa in the Southern Ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean
    Census of Antarctic Marine Life SCAR-Marine Biodiversity Information Network BIOGEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN CHAPTER 7. BIOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF FISH. Duhamel G., Hulley P.-A, Causse R., Koubbi P., Vacchi M., Pruvost P., Vigetta S., Irisson J.-O., Mormède S., Belchier M., Dettai A., Detrich H.W., Gutt J., Jones C.D., Kock K.-H., Lopez Abellan L.J., Van de Putte A.P., 2014. In: De Broyer C., Koubbi P., Griffiths H.J., Raymond B., Udekem d’Acoz C. d’, et al. (eds.). Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Cambridge, pp. 328-362. EDITED BY: Claude DE BROYER & Philippe KOUBBI (chief editors) with Huw GRIFFITHS, Ben RAYMOND, Cédric d’UDEKEM d’ACOZ, Anton VAN DE PUTTE, Bruno DANIS, Bruno DAVID, Susie GRANT, Julian GUTT, Christoph HELD, Graham HOSIE, Falk HUETTMANN, Alexandra POST & Yan ROPERT-COUDERT SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON ANTARCTIC RESEARCH THE BIOGEOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN The “Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean” is a legacy of the International Polar Year 2007-2009 (www.ipy.org) and of the Census of Marine Life 2000-2010 (www.coml.org), contributed by the Census of Antarctic Marine Life (www.caml.aq) and the SCAR Marine Biodiversity Information Network (www.scarmarbin.be; www.biodiversity.aq). The “Biogeographic Atlas” is a contribution to the SCAR programmes Ant-ECO (State of the Antarctic Ecosystem) and AnT-ERA (Antarctic Thresholds- Ecosys- tem Resilience and Adaptation) (www.scar.org/science-themes/ecosystems). Edited by: Claude De Broyer (Royal Belgian Institute
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctic Ocean Legacy: a Vision for Circumpolar Protection Executive Summary
    ANTARCTIC OCEAN LEGACY: A VISION FOR CIRCUMPOLAR PROTECTION www.antarcticocean.org EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In October 2011, the Antarctic Ocean Alliance (AOA) proposed the creation of a network of marine protected areas (MPAs) and no-take marine reserves in 19 specific areas in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica1. This report, Antarctic Ocean Legacy: A Vision for Circumpolar Protection, now provides the AOA’s full vision for this network with particular reference to the ecological values of the chosen areas. The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), the body that manages the marine living resources of the Southern Ocean, has set a target date of 2012 for establishing an initial network of Antarctic MPAs. This report identifies areas for consideration as MPAs and no-take marine reserves, and describes the rationale for the 19 areas. The AOA report starts with an introduction to the region, followed by threats – most notably climate change and resource extraction – describes the geography, oceanography and ecology of the 19 areas identified, and outlines the case for protection. The report provides recommendations presenting the scale and scope of potential marine protection. Cover image: Emperor penguins, Eastern Antarctica. Image by John B. Weller. 2 This page:ANTA ChinstrapRCTIC OCE penguins.AN LEGA ImageCY: A VISIby JohnON F B.OR Weller. CIRCUMPOLAR PROTECTION Name of Section The Antarctic Ocean Alliance acknowledges that Areas that are particularly vulnerable to climate there remains a need for considerable effort in the change, such as the Western Antarctic Peninsula, international process for determining the final network. are included. The proposal should facilitate the For the past seven years, CCAMLR Member countries continuation and expansion of long-term datasets that and scientists have made progress in developing plans underpin crucial research into ecosystem function for MPAs and no-take marine reserves in the Southern and environmental change, including the impacts of Ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes Do Not Display Metabolic Cold Adaptation in Hepatic Gluconeogenesis Leonardo J
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library 8-2002 Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes Do Not Display Metabolic Cold Adaptation in Hepatic Gluconeogenesis Leonardo J. Magnoni Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Oceanography Commons Recommended Citation Magnoni, Leonardo J., "Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes Do Not Display Metabolic Cold Adaptation in Hepatic Gluconeogenesis" (2002). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 140. http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/140 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. ANTARCTIC NOTOTHENIOID FISHES DO NOT DISPLAY METABOLIC COLD ADAPTATION IN HEPATIC GLUCONEOGENESIS BY Leonardo J. Magnoni "Licenciadon in Biology, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina, 1997 A THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (in Marine Biology) The Graduate School The University of Maine August, 2002 Advisory Committee: Bruce D. Sidell, Professor of Marine Sciences, Advisor Robert Cashon, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry Ione Hunt von Herbing, Assistant Professor of Marine Sciences ANTARCTIC NOTOTHENIOID FISHES DO NOT DISPLAY METABOLIC COLD ADAPTATION IN HEPATIC GLUCONEOGENESIS By Leonardo J. Magnoni Thesis Advisor: Dr. Bruce D. Side11 An Abstract of the Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (in Marine Biology) August, 2002 Antarctic notothenioid fishes present specializations related to their chronically cold environment, such as high lipid content in tissues (predominantly triacylglycerols, TAG). When TAGs are mobilized, they yield fatty acids and glycerol.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Fish As Predators of Krill (Euphausia Superba) and Other Pelagic Resources in the Southern Ocean
    CCAMLR Science, Vol. 19 (2012): 115–169 THE ROLE OF FISH AS PREDATORS OF KRILL (EUPHAUSIA SUPERBA) AND OTHER PELAGIC RESOURCES IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN K.-H. Kock* Institut für Seefischerei Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institut Palmaille 9 D-22767 Hamburg Germany Email – [email protected] E. Barrera-Oro Dirección Nacional del Antártico Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Internacional y Culto Buenos Aires Argentina M. Belchier British Antarctic Survey High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0ET United Kingdom M.A. Collins Director of Fisheries/Senior Executive Government of South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands Government House Stanley Falkland Islands G. Duhamel Museum National D’Histoire Naturelle 43 rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris Cedex 05 France S. Hanchet National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) Ltd PO Box 893 Nelson New Zealand L. Pshenichnov YugNIRO 2 Sverdlov Street 98300 Kerch Ukraine D. Welsford and R. Williams Australian Antarctic Division Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities 203 Channel Highway Kingston, Tasmania 7050 Australia 115 Kock et al. Abstract Krill forms an important part of the diet of many Antarctic fish species. An understanding of the role of fish as krill predators in the Southern Ocean is critical to understanding how changes in fish abundance, such as through fishing or environmental change, are likely to impact on the food webs in the region. First attempts to estimate the krill and pelagic food consumption by Antarctic demersal fish in the low Antarctic were made in the late 1970s/ early 1980s. Those estimates were constrained by a paucity of biomass estimates and the mostly qualitative nature of food studies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Notothenioid Fish in the Food Web of the Ross Sea Shelf Waters
    Polar Biol (2004) 27: 321–338 DOI 10.1007/s00300-004-0599-z REVIEW M. La Mesa Æ J. T. Eastman Æ M. Vacchi The role of notothenioid fish in the food web of the Ross Sea shelf waters: a review Received: 27 June 2003 / Accepted: 23 January 2004 / Published online: 12 March 2004 Ó Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract The Ross Sea, a large, high-latitude (72–78°S) are benthic predators on fish while smaller species feed embayment of the Antarctic continental shelf, averages mainly on benthic crustaceans. Channichthyids are less 500 m deep, with troughs to 1,200 m and the shelf break dependent on the bottom for food than other notothe- at 700 m. It is covered by pack ice for 9 months of the nioids. Some species combine benthic and pelagic life year. The fish fauna of about 80 species includes pri- styles; others are predominantly pelagic and all consume marily 4 families and 53 species of the endemic perci- euphausiids and/or fish. South polar skuas, Antarctic form suborder Notothenioidei. This review focuses on petrels, Ade´lie and emperor penguins, Weddell seals and the diet and role in the food web of notothenioids and minke and killer whales are the higher vertebrate com- top-level bird and mammal predators, and also includes ponents of the food web, and all prey on notothenioids new information on the diets of artedidraconids and to some extent. Based on the frequency of occurrence of bathydraconids. Although principally a benthic group, prey items in the stomachs of fish, bird and mammal notothenioids have diversified to form an adaptive predators, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Cold Adaptation in Antarctic Notothenioids
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Cold Adaptation in Antarctic Notothenioids: Comparative Transcriptomics Reveals Novel Insights in the Peculiar Role of Gills and Highlights Signatures of Cobalamin Deficiency Federico Ansaloni 1,2 , Marco Gerdol 1,* , Valentina Torboli 1, Nicola Reinaldo Fornaini 1,3, Samuele Greco 1 , Piero Giulio Giulianini 1 , Maria Rosaria Coscia 4, Andrea Miccoli 5 , Gianfranco Santovito 6 , Francesco Buonocore 5 , Giuseppe Scapigliati 5,† and Alberto Pallavicini 1,7,8,† 1 Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; [email protected] (F.A.); [email protected] (V.T.); [email protected] (N.R.F.); [email protected] (S.G.); [email protected] (P.G.G.); [email protected] (A.P.) 2 International School for Advanced Studies, 34136 Trieste, Italy 3 Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic 4 Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy; [email protected] 5 Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (F.B.); [email protected] (G.S.) 6 Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; [email protected] 7 Anton Dohrn Zoological Station, 80122 Naples, Italy 8 National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics, 34010 Trieste, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] Citation: Ansaloni, F.; Gerdol, M.; † These authors contributed equally to this work. Torboli, V.; Fornaini, N.R.; Greco, S.; Giulianini, P.G.; Coscia, M.R.; Miccoli, A.; Santovito, G.; Buonocore, F.; et al.
    [Show full text]