Vatican II and Catholic Religious Secondary Education in Ontario: Changes Within a North American Context
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Vatican II and Catholic Religious Secondary Education in Ontario: Changes within a North American Context by Joseph Stafford The Theory and History of Education International Research Group (THEIRG) 2019 THEORY AND HISTORY OF EDUCATION MONOGRAPH SERIES Volumes in this series are attached to Encounters in Theory and History of Education. Rosa Bruno-Jofré, founding senior editor Jon Igelmo Zaldívar and Carlos Martínez Valle, associate editors 1 New Directions in Research on Education Reconstruction in Challenging Circumstances Edited by Tom O’Donoghue and Simon Clarke Vatican II and Catholic Religious Secondary Education in Ontario: Changes within a North American Context © 2019 Joseph Stafford This book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. This means that everyone is free to use, redistribute, or adapt this book for noncommercial purposes providing they properly cite the book as follows: Vatican II and Catholic Religious Secondary Education in Ontario: Changes within a North American Context by Joseph Stafford is used under a CC-BY NC 4.0 License. For questions regarding this license or third-party reuse of this text, please contact: Professor Rosa Bruno-Jofré (Senior Editor), Faculty of Education, Queen’s University, 511 Union Street, Kingston, ON (K7M 5R7), Canada, [email protected]. To learn more about the Theory and History of Education Monograph Series, visit: https://queens.scholarsportal.info/omp/index.php/qulp/about ISSN 2562-5594 ISBN-13: 978-1-55339-624-6 Date of Publication: November 11, 2019 The Theory and History of Education Monograph Series is produced by The Theory and History of Education International Research Group and hosted by the Queen’s Library. This monograph series is attached to Encounters in Theory and History of Education. Rosa Bruno-Jofré is founding senior editor of the Series; associate editors are Jon Igelmo Zaldívar and Carlos Martínez Valle. We would like to thank the team from the Queen’s Library, Scholars Portal, the editorial team, and Advisory Council. We thank the Faculty of Education at Queen’s University for their financial support. Managing editor and copy editor: Angela Pietrobon Indexer: Nancy Wills Cover designer: Ana Jofre Layout designers: Ana Jofre and Robert Pietrobon Cover image: Photo by Daniel Kainz (https://unsplash.com/@_arkyn) on Unsplash (https://unsplash.com/) Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Title: Vatican II and Catholic religious secondary education in Ontario : changes within a North American context / by Joseph Stafford. Names: Stafford, Joseph, 1958- author. Description: Series statement: Theory and History of Education International Research Group monograph series, ISSN 2562-5594 ; vol. 2 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: Canadiana 20190217561 | ISBN 9781553396246 (PDF) Subjects: LCSH: Catholic Church—Education—Ontario. | LCSH: Education, Secondary—Ontario. Classification: LCC LC504.2.O5 S73 2019 | DDC 371.071/2713—dc23 iv Acknowledgements In completing this book, I have relied on the help of several people. First of all, I would like to thank Dr. Rosa Bruno-Jofré for her friendship, support and guidance throughout the entire process of producing this work. I would also like to thank Dr. Michael Attridge for his advice and suggestions for improvement, particularly with the chapters dealing with theology. Thank you to Dr. Jeffrey Brison for his overall support and his guidance concerning my research on the history of the long sixties in Canada. Brenda Reed, the Head Librarian at the Faculty of Education, Queen’s University, and her colleague Peter Lewis provided indispensable assistance, especially in the early stages of my research. I also relied on assistance from several archivists whom I would like to thank: Gillian Hearns, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto; Debra J. Majer and Liz Birchall, the Diocese of London; Michelle Anitra Pariag, Loretta Abbey, Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Canadian Province; Michelle Sawyers, General Archives of the Basilian Fathers; Linda Wicks, Sisters of St. Joseph of Toronto; Mary Kosta, Sisters of St. Joseph of London; Bruce Henry, the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops; M.C. Havey, Edmonton-Toronto Redemptorists; Father Brian J. Price, the Archdiocese of Kingston; and Veronica Stienburg, the Sisters of Providence of St Vincent de Paul, Kingston. I would also like to thank my children, Clare, Paul, and Anna, for their constant support and encouragement. Their high school experience, and their subsequent desire to learn more about their own religion at a deeper intellectual level, motivated me to research secondary religious education, and to propose a new approach that I believe is necessary if Catholic high schools are to graduate well-informed and committed Catholics. Most of all, I would like to thank my wife and best friend, Theresa. Without her love and support, this book would never have been completed. v Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................... iv About the Author ........................................................................................................... vi Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One: The Papacy and Neo-Thomism ................................................................ 5 Chapter Two: Strict Neo-Thomism, Pluralism, and Education in North America ......... 15 Chapter Three: Catholic Secondary Religious Educational Reform in North America on the Eve of Vatican II: Implications for the Future ........................................................... 31 Chapter Four: The Second Vatican Council and the Declaration on Christian Education ....................................................................................................................................... 41 Chapter Five: The Conditions of Reception for the Reforms of Vatican II and the Declaration on Christian Education ................................................................................ 51 Chapter Six: The Fundamental Shift in Religious Secondary Education in the Catholic Schools of Ontario ......................................................................................................... 67 Chapter Seven: A Proposal for a New Curricular Framework for Secondary Religious Education in the Post-Vatican II Era .............................................................................. 87 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 102 Notes ........................................................................................................................... 105 Archival Sources and Bibliography .......................................................................... 170 Index ............................................................................................................................ 179 vi About the Author Joseph Stafford is a retired high school teacher who completed his PhD on the history of Catholic religious education at the secondary level at Queen’s University in 2018. With 29 years of teaching experience, he was also a department head for 17 years. In 2008, he received the national Governor General’s Award for Teaching Excellence in the Teaching of Canadian History, and he is a past president of the Ontario Historical Society after serving on its board of directors. His publications include: “The Educationalization Process and the Roman Catholic Church in North America during the Long Nineteenth Century,” in Educationalization and Its Complexities: Religion, Politics, and Technology (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2019), and, “The Conditions of Reception for the Declaration on Christian Education: Secularization and the Educational State of Ontario,” in Catholic Education in the Wake of Vatican II (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2017); “An Analysis of the Fundamental Shift in Catholic Secondary Religious Education in North America During the Long Sixties, 1955-1973,” Encounters in Theory and History of Education, vol. 18, 2017; “Strict Neo- Thomism in the Catholic High Schools of the Archdiocese of Toronto, 1940-1960,” Historical Studies, vol. 83, 2017; “Looking to the Past and Moving to the Future: A Catholic High School Curriculum for the 21st Century,” Historia de la Educacion, vol. 35, winter 2016, Universidad de Salamanca; and “The Importance of Educational Research in the Teaching of History,” The Canadian Journal of Social Studies, spring issue, 2006. He has also published articles on Canadian history and the teaching of history, including in Canada’s major history magazine, Canada’s History. He can be reached at [email protected]. Vatican II and Catholic Education in Ontario 1 Introduction In 1959, Pope John XXIII surprised the Catholic world by announcing that the Church planned to convene the Second Vatican Council, the first such council since the First Vatican Council was disrupted by the Franco-Prussian war in 1870, and the most important council since the Council of Trent in the sixteenth century. Lasting from 1962 to 1965, Vatican II ushered in a new era for the Church, the effects of which are still being felt today. Scholars are still analysing the extent to which the Council impacted the Church. Its impact on Catholic secondary religious