24 October 1997 PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 99(4), 1997, pp. 628-640

THE PLESKEOLA STACKELBERG (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE), A JUNIOR SYNONYM OF GIRSCHNER

F. CHRISTIAN THOMPSON

Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, c/o National Museum of Natural History, MRC-168, Washington, DC 20560, U.S.A.

Abstract.—The genus Pleskeola (n. syn.) is synonymized with Parhelophilus. The spe- cies (porcus and sibiricus, n. comb.) associated with the name Pleskeola are redescribed. A checklist and key to species of Parhelophilus is presented. Four new synonyms and one new combination are reported ( anniae Brimley 1923 = flavifacies Bigot 1883; Parhelophilus obscurior Violovitsh 1960 and Helophilus citricornis Shiraki 1968 = kurentzovi Violovitsh 1960; Parhelophilus currani Fluke 1953 = laetus Loew 1863; Helophilus pilosus Hunter 1897 is transferred to (Lejops)). Key Words: key, holarctic, bogs

This is a tale of two rare flower , wise agree with the characteristics of Par- which are known from only a few speci- helophilus. Why Pleskeola is here reduced mens collected in the boreal forest. One to a junior synonym of Parhelophilus is flower was the basis of a genus-group outlined below. What remains of interest is name and is currently known only from why the species upon which the genus- three specimens collected in Finland and group name is based is so rare in collec- Siberia. The other flower fly is known from tions. Is sibirica a bog species, like its sister more specimens, about 100 in all, and ap- (porcus), and merely rare because northern pears to be restricted to bogs in North bogs are poorly collected in Russia? Per- America. As part of a revision of the higher haps this treatment of these two species will classification of flower flies, I have sought encourage field people to more closely ex- to re-examine the types of all genus-group amine bogs and look for these unusual flies. names and to place those types into my The terminology and characters used classification. This eventually brought me generally follow those used in the Manual to Pleskeola sibirica Stackelberg, a genus of Nearctic Diptera and all my standards are and species-group name proposed as new defined and illustrated in a comprehensive by Stackelberg for a unique male collected glossary (Thompson 1997). The format of in central Siberia. On seeing the second the checklist follows the standards of the known specimen of Pleskeola, I immediate- Biosystematic Database of World Diptera ly recognized it as being close, if not the (see Thompson 1997). same as a rare bog fly {Parhelophilus por- Genus Parhelophilus Girschner cus (Walker)) that I had once collected in northern New Hampshire. While both por- Helophilus subg. Parhelophilus Girschner cus and sibiricus are unusual and share dis- 1897: 604. Type species, Syrphus frute- tinctive characters, the two species other- torum Fabricius by subsequent designa- VOLUME 99, NUMBER 4 629

Fig. 1. Parhelophilus sibiricus, male, habitus, dorsal view.

tion of Curran and Fluke 1926: 230). longer than wide; ocellar triangle variable, Curran and Fluke 1926: 230 (revision, from broader than long to longer than Nearctic spp.); Goffe 1944: 129 (nomen- broad; eye bare or pilose; always dichoptic clature), 1945: 276 (type species); Hull in males; antenna short, less than % as long 1949: 387 (description). as face; basoflagellomere oval; arista bare, Pleskeola Stackelberg 1924: 25. Type spe- slightly longer than antenna. cies, Pleskeola sibirica Stackelberg by Thorax: Broader than long, long pilose, original designation. Sack 1931: 276 (de- usually with longitudinal pale pollinose vit- scription); Hull 1949: 402 (diagnosis); tae on mesonotum (absent or greatly re- Stackelberg 1970: 80, 1988: 121 (refer- duced in obsoletus); meso-katepisternum ence in key); Goot 1981: 211 (reference continuously pilose from ventral to dorsal in key); Violovitsh 1983: 114, 129 (ref- margins; metathoracic spiracle small, erence in key). New synonym. slightly smaller than basoflagellomere; Head: Face pale, yellow to white, nar- meso-anepimeron bare posteriorly; katepi- row, slightly longer than broad, occupying meron bare; meron bare; metasternum usu- about % of head width, straight to concave ally pilose (bare in divisus); plumula elon- beneath antennae, without distinct medial gate, unbranched; subscutellar fringe ab- tubercle, pollinose and pilose laterally, pol- sent. Legs: Hind femur slightly swollen; linose and bare medially; frontal promi- hind tibia slightly arcuate, with basoventral nence low, at dorsal % of head; vertex carina on basal % or less, without apical black, pollinose, pilose, rectangular, slightly calcar. Wing: Microtrichose; cell Rl open; 630 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON cell R4+5 with short petiole, with petiole era, the eyes of all included species are ei- about as long as crossvein h; stigmatic ther bare or pilose. Within some genera, crossvein present. however, the character is variable, with Abdomen: Suboval, with paired lateral some species being bare eyed and others light colored pollinose maculae on dorsum. pilose (e.g., Syrphus). In some species, the Girschner (1897), on the basis of a study male eyes are pilose and the females' are of the calypter of higher Diptera, divided bare (e.g., Cheilosia latifrons (Zetterstedt)). the genus Helophilus into subgenera. He The eye pilosity of sibirica is irrelevant as defined most of these subgenera with char- a genus-group character as other characters acters, but Parhelophilus was defined by reveal a sister-group relationship to one exclusion (that is, those species which did species of Parhelophilus and common re- not fit the other defined subgenera). At first, lationships with all species of Parhelophi- most workers ignored Girschner's action as lus. Parhelophilus porcus and sibiricus they could not understand the characters on have the 1st and 2nd sterna (figs. 11-12) which the group was based and, hence, fused and a distinct dark pollinose body treated Parhelophilus as a synonym of He- pattern (figs. 1-2), both characters found no lophilus. As Verrall (1901: 524-525) noted, where else among the helophiline flower Parhelophilus, as construed by Girschner, flies. These two species share a character- was a heterogeneous group (two species be- istic basoventral process on the hind femur longed to Parhelophilus of current authors, (figs. 14—15) in males with fruterorum and one to Lejops Rondani). Curran and Fluke divisus. As noted above, sibirica shares all (1926) designated a type species, recog- the characters of the genus Parhelophilus. nized Parhelophilus as a distinct group, and Hence, Pleskeola is here considered a syn- treated the group as a genus. North Amer- onym of Parhelophilus (new synonym). ican workers have followed Curran and Fluke as have some Palaearctic workers. Parhelophilus porcus (Walker) The characters that separate Parhelophilus (Figs. 2, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 15) from Helophilus are: 1) presence of stig- Eumerus porcus Walker 1849: 554 2 [error matic crossvein; 2) entirely pollinose face, for S] Ontario, Hudson's Bay, Albany without a shiny medial vitta; and 3) short, River, St. Martin's Falls (LT S BMNH suboval and compact abdomen. Parhelo- here designated). Osten Sacken 1858: 48 philus differs from Lejops in the 4) lack of (catalog citation), 1875: 61 (catalog ci- an apical calcar on the hind tibia as well as tation, l=Eristalis). the suboval abdomen. Pleskeola shares all Helophilus porcus: Osten Sacken 1878: these characteristics with Parhelophilus. 134, 250 (catalog citation, note on types); Stackelberg (1924) erected his genus Williston 1887: 197 (description); Al- Pleskeola on the basis of the pilose eyes, drich 1905: 394 (catalog citation); Os- an unusual character state among species burn 1907: 3 (British Columbia), 1908: related to Helophilus (he also noted the 10 (British Columbia); Graenicher 1910: slightly sinuate vein R4+5 and in contrast 41 (Wisconsin); Fluke 1922: 245 (Wis- to , the dichoptic males). Stackel- consin); Johnson 1923: 10 (Maine), berg's original description was brief and in 1925: 174 (New England); Wirth et al. Latin. Because the species on which the ge- 1965: 619 (catalog citation). nus was based was rare, most subsequent Tubifera porcus: Kertesz 1910: 259 (cata- workers merely repeated the original de- log citation). scription and/or left Pleskeola as unplaced Parhelophilus porcus: Curran and Fluke or a genus of dubious status. 1926: 232 (description, distribution, fig- Eye pilosity is a character of variable im- ures (head, abdomen)); Fetch and Mal- portance among flower flies. In most gen- thais 1932: 51 (Quebec); Strickland VOLUME 99, NUMBER 4 631

,%g

Figs. 2-10. Features. 2, Parhelophilus porcus, habitus, dorsal view. 3, P. sibiricus, male, head, frontal view. 4, P. sibirica, male, head, lateral view. 5, P. sibiricus, male genitalia, 9th tergum and associated parts, lateral view. 6, P. porcus, male genitalia, 9th tergum and associated parts, lateral view. 7, P. porcus, male genitalia, 9th sternum and associated parts, lateral view. 8, P. sibiricus, male genitalia, 9th sternum and associated parts, lateral view. 9, P. sibiricus, male genitalia, 9th tergum and associated parts, dorsal view. 10, P. porcus, male genitalia, 9th tergum and associated parts, dorsal view. 632 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

1938: 203 (Alberta); Cole & Schlinger pollinose, shiny medially, white pilose; 2nd 1969: 326 (descriptive note, distribution & 3rd sterna of male with apicomedial western North America); Miliczky and patches of long curved bristles (Fig. 11). Osgood 1979: 21 (Maine, flower (Vac- Male genitalia (Figs. 6, 7 & 10): surstyle cinum spp.)). with broad posteromedial cleft and without a dorsomedial notch on dorsal lobe; supe- Head: Face yellowish white, white pol- rior lobe short, only % as long as hypan- linose and pilose; gena black, shiny and drium. bare anteriorly, white pilose and grayish- Type.—Eumerus porcus Walker, lecto- white pollinose posteriorly; front black, type $ BMNH, London, labeled "Hudson's gray pollinose, black pilose; frontal lunule Bay [reverse] 47 14," "Hudson's Bay, pres. yellow; vertex black, black pollinose and by, G. Barnston, 44. 17," and with the ap- pilose except for some yellow pile on ocel- propriate Austen labels. I accept this male lar triangle; occiput black, grayish-white as a syntype as Walker usually sexed flower pollinose, black pilose dorsally except some flies by the condition of the eyes. Hence, yellow pile posterior to ocellar triangle, the dichoptic male of porcus would appear white pilose ventrally. Eye bare. Antenna to Walker as a female. Osten Sacken (1878) orange, black pilose. reported two "well-preserved specimens" Thorax: Black, mainly yellow pilose, in the British Museum, unfortunately only sparsely gray pollinose, with black polli- one was found and it is now headless. nose vittate pattern on mesonotum (see Fig. Flight period.—May-July. 2); postpronotum yellow pilose; mesono- Distribution.—British Columbia to New tum with intermixed black pile; anepister- Brunswick, south to Wisconsin and Mary- num black pilose dorsoposteriorly; halter land. The southernmost record (Maryland) yellow; calypter and plumula white; scutel- is from the 1965 Diptera catalog (Wirth et lum black, dull black pollinose except al., 1965: 619). I have not found its source. broadly shiny marginally, black pilose ex- The Pennsylvania records from "North cept yellow pilose marginally. Wing micro- Mountain" are from Ricketts near Lake trichose. Legs mainly black and black pi- Ganoga (Johnson 1914). lose; femoral-tibial joints of fore and mid Biology.—Nothing is known of the im- legs broadly orange; fore and mid tarsi yel- mature stages of porcus, but by phyloge- low, pale pilose; white pilose on coxae, netic inference these will be aquatic as all posteriorly on mid femur, anterobasally on eristaliine flower fly larval are of the rat- hind femur. Hind femur of male with ba- tailed maggot type. The adults are collected soventral process (Fig. 15). in association with bogs, where they have Abdomen: Black, mainly black pilose; been frequently collected on flowers (Fra- tergum 1 bluish-gray pollinose except black garia, Houstonia, Ledum groenlandicum, pollinose macula apicolaterally, short black Potentilla, and Rubus). Most of the known pilose except white pilose laterally; tergum sites for porcus are the typical kettlehole 2 with mediolateral small orange macula, bogs (Bingham Pond, Wilson Mills), but shiny apically, elsewhere black pollinose some (Laurel Lake site) are better described except for medial white pollinose macula, as fens bordered by spruce, fir and hemlock yellow pilose on pale areas and basolater- (see Johnson 1985 for details on the bogs ally; terga 3 & 4 black pollinose except of northeastern USA). Unfortunately, for shiny apically and with medial grayish most collected specimens, no site informa- white pollinose macula, yellow pilose ba- tion is available. solaterally; tergum 5 gray pollinose, white Material Examined.—ALBERTA: Banff, pilose; genitalia white pilose, sparsely pol- 4 July 1922, C. B. D. Garrett (1 ? Curran linose; sterna black, subshiny, very sparsely & Fluke 1926: 232). MANITOBA: Cedar VOLUME 99, NUMBER 4 633

Lake, July 1993, Braes (1 8 USNM); Gim- Connecticut Lakes, Scott Bog, 8 June 1990 li, 13 June 1923, A. J. Hunter (1 8 - Curran on Fragaria (1 8 FEE), 14 June 1990 on & Fluke 1926: 232). ONTARIO: Ottawa (1 Taraxacum (1 8 FEE), both collected by F. 8 USNM); Lake Abitibi, Low Bush, 3 July D. Fee. Sullivan Co.: Cornish Flat, 12 July 1925, N. K. Bigelow (1 8 MCZ); Mc- 1971 A. G. Lavallee (1 8 1 2 USNM). Diarmid (Curran & Fluke 1926: 232). VERMONT, Windham Co., Laurel Lake, QUEBEC: Montreal, June 15 1906 (1 2 near Jacksonville, 30 May 1977, on Hous- Curran & Fluke 1926: 232). CONNECTI- tonia, H. D. Pratt (1 8 1 2 USNM). PENN- CUT. Litchfield Co., Salibury, 5 km NW of SYLVANIA. Centre Co.: Black Moshan- town center, bog at edge of Bingham Pond, non State Park, 15 May 1977 (1 2 FEE), 1,894 ft, 14-16 June 1983 (5 8 CTM), 20 11 June 1977 (1 2 FEE), 16 June 1978 (1 June 1984 (1 8 CTM), 23 May 1985 (2 8 8 2 2 FEE), 22 May 1979 on Taraxacum 1 2 CTM), 4 June 1986 (1 8 1 2 CTM), (1 2 FEE), 13 June 1979 on Rubus (3 3 1 all specimens collected in Malaise trap 2 FEE), all collected by F. D. Fee; Bear among ericaceous shrubs at the edge of a Meadows Natural Area, 17 June 1987 on pond surrounded by bog mat with spruces. Ranunculus (1 3 FEE), 26 June 1989 (1 2 MAINE. Oxford Co., Lincoln Plantation, FEE), all collected by E D. Fee. Tioga Co.: Maine highway 16,6 miles south of Wil- Morris, 6 km Northwest of, State Game sons Mills, "Wilson Mills Bog," [a sphag- Lands #268, 15 June 1979 in boggy sedge num bog dominated by black spuce and meadow with some open water (2 8 FEE), larch]: 4 June 1976 (1 8 FEE), F. D. Fee; 20 June 1979 (2 3 FEE), 4 June 1980 on 19 June 1982 on Ledum groenlandicum (2 Rubus and Potentilla (3 8 3 2 FEE), 13 8 FEE) F. Fee, F. D. Fee (2 6 FEE); 24 June 1980 on Rubus (2 6* 2 2 FEE), 23 June 1982 on Ledum groenlandicum (18 June 1980 on Rubus (1 8 FEE), 1 June 1 5 FEE), F. D. Fee, F. Fee (1 8 FEE); 6 1981 on Rubus & Fragaria (3 2 FEE), 7 June 1986 on Ledum groenlandicum, E D. June 1981 on Rubus & Potentilla (4 3 1 2 Fee (1 8 FEE); 29 May 1987 on or about FEE), all collected by F. D. Fee. Luzerne Fragaria, F. D. Fee (1 8 1 2 FEE); 3 June Co., North Mountain [=Ricketts, near Lake 1989 on Fragaria, F. D. Fee (1 8 FEE); 19 Ganoga], June 6 ?? (1 8 USNM), June 4 June 1982, C. T. Maier (1 8 CTM). Penob- ?? (1 2 MCZ), June 8 1898 (2 8 2 2 scot Co., Passadumkeag, 26 May 1977, E. USNM, 1 8 1 2 MCZ) all collected by C. Miliczky (18 USNM). NEW YORK: Essex W Johnson. Co., Lake Champlain, Corlaer Bay, June 1939 (1 8 1 2 USNM). NEW HAMP- Parhelophilus sibiricus (Stackelberg), SHIRE. Coos Co.: Enrol, 8 km SW junction NEW COMBINATION of New Hampshire highways 16 and 26, 19 (Figs. 1, 3-5, 8, 9, 12, 14) June 1982, C. T. Maier (1 teneral 2 CTM); Pleskeola sibirica Stackelberg 1924: 25. Pittsburg, Rt. 3, Connecticut Lakes, 22-24 Type-locality: Russia, "Sibiria centralis, June 1972 B. J. & F. C. Thompson (1 8 Obj-Enisseijskij kanal. septen. et orien- USNM); Pittsburg, Back Lake, 17 June tem versus Enisseisk." HT 3 ZISP. Sack 1982 on Fragaria (2 2 FEE), 22 June 1982 1931: 276 (description); Stackelberg (1 8 1 2 FEE), 18 June 1983 (HI? 1970: 80, 1988: 121 (description, figures FEE), 3 June 1986 on Fragaria (2 8 1 2 (abdomen, wing); Goot 1981: 211 (ref- FEE), all collected by F. D. Fee; Clarksville, erence in key, figures (abdomen, wing); Hurlbert Swamp, 15 June 1984 F. D. Fee (1 Violovitsh 1983: 129, 1986: 123 (Sibe- 8 FEE); 2nd Connecticut Lake, Route 3 ria); Peck 1988: 193 (cat. cit.) west of Dam, 3-5 June 1988 on Fragaria (1 8 FEE) and on Ledum groenlandicum (1 Head (Figs. 3, 4): Face yellowish white, 8 1 2 FEE), all collected by F. D. Fee; white pollinose and pilose; gena black, 634 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Figs. 11-15. Features, ventrolateral views. 11-12, Abdomen, male. 11, Parhelophilus porcus. 12, P. sibiricus. 13-15, Hind leg, lateral view. 13, P. porcus, female. 14, P. sibiricus, male. 15, P. porcus, male. VOLUME 99, NUMBER 4 635 shiny and bare anteriorly, yellow pilose and Yenisey rivers Canal, northeast of Yeni- gray pollinose posteriorly; front yellowish seysk](ZISP, Holotype

- 2nd and 3rd terga with large yellow lateral and without or with very small medial yellow maculae 9 maculae; femora extensively yellow, with 9. Vertex narrow, at least twice as long as wide only a narrow dorsal black vitta on medial %; posteriorly; ocellar triangle narrow; medial ocellar triangle equilateral, with lateral ocel- ocellar distance much greater than distance lus broadly separated from eye margin, sep- between lateral ocelli flavifacies arated by about twice its diameter, with me- - Vertex broader, about as long as wide poste- dial ocellar distance subequal to distance be- riorly; ocellar triangle broader, medial ocellar tween lateral ocelli; hind tarsus without black distance equal to or less than distance be- bristles brooksi tween lateral ocelli 10 - Abdomen with large yellow maculae at least 10. Front tibia extensively dark apically; hind fe- on 2nd and 3rd terga 17 mur black basally 13 17. Hind femur yellow on basal % or more; ocel- - Front and middle tibiae yellow; hind basotar- lar triangle larger, with lateral ocellus narrow- somere without black setae 11 ly separated from eye margin, separated by 11. Hind femur black on basal 44, rarely very nar- about its diameter 21 rowly yellow on base, with long pile baso- - Hind femur black or dark brown on basal % posteriorly versicolor or more, although base maybe narrowly yel- - Hind femur broadly yellow basally, yellow on low 18 at least basal V4 or more, without any long pile 18. Fore tibia black apically, intense at least dor- 12 sally 20 12. Front yellow pilose; cercus elongate posteri- - Fore tibia entirely yellow, rarely slightly dark- orly laetus ened antero-ventrally 19 - Front black pilose; cercus oval kurentzovi 19. Occiput dorsally with row of long black pile; 13. Mid tibia extensively dark apically; hind tibia face profile straight; costa with golden pile black on basal and apical ¥s, yellow medially; restricted basally, not extending to humeral hind basotarsomere with a few black bristles crossvein frutetorum apicolaterally, without long lateral pile; front - Occiput entirely yellow pilose; face profile partially or entirely yellow pilose rex convex; costa with extensive golden pile ba- - Mid tibia entirely yellow; hind tibia yellow sally, extending beyond humeral crossvein . on basal %, black apically; hind basotarso- versicolor mere without black bristles, with long pile lat- 20. Mid tibia entirely yellow; hind tibia yellow erally; front black pilose consimilis on basal % or more; fore basotarsomere with- 14. Mesonotum without distinct pollinose vittae; out black spinules; mesonotum without me- hind femur narrow and arcuate; genitalia dial vitta consimilis large, with 6th segment as long as 4th tergum; - Mid tibia black on apical VA or more; hind hind basotarsomere shorter pilose, with pile tibia black basally and apically, narrowly yel- only about as long as tarsal width low medially; fore basotarsomere with black obsoletus spinules posteroventrally; mesonotum with a - Mesonotum with distinct pollinose vittae; narrow medial pollinose vitta rex hind femur broader and not arcuate; genitalia 21. Front narrow, about '/ of head width at ocellar smaller, with 6th segment only about Vi as 6 long as 4th tergum; hind basotarsomere lon- triangle; ocellar triangle approximately equi- ger pilose, with pile distinctly longer than tar- lateral, with medial ocellar distance about sal width integer equal to or greater than distance between lat- 15. Hind femur entirely black; abdomen black, eral ocelli; hind basotarsomere with a row of short black bristles along anterior edge; hind with gray pollinose maculae on all terga; 2 mesonotum and mesoanepisternum extensive- femur frequently black on apical A . . flavifacies ly black pilose; fore and mid femora exten- - Front broad, about % or more of head width sively black pilose; hind basotarsomere with at ocellar triangle; ocellar triangle broader, black apicolateral bristles along anterior edge; with medial ocellar distance much less than ocellar triangle broad, with medial ocellar dis- distance between lateral ocelli 22 tance much less than distance between lateral 22. Hind basotarsomere with a double row of ocelli porcus short black bristles along anterior edge .... - Femora much more extensively yellow; ab- divisus domen partially yellow, at least with lateral - Hind basotarsomere usually without any margins partially yellow; mesonotum and me- black bristles, at most with 2-3 black bristles soanepisternum yellow pilose 16 23 16. Abdomen with lateral margins broadly yellow 23. Hind basotarsomere with long erect pile, at VOLUME 99, NUMBER 4 637

least laterally, with pile about as long as or kurentzovi Violovitsh. Siberia, Korea, Ja- longer than tarsal width integer pan. - Hind basotarsomere with shorter appressed pile 24 Parhelophilus kurentzovi Violovitsh 24. Mesonotum with pollinose vittae either absent 1960: 207 8 9 Russia, Sakhalin, Yuzh- or obscure obsoletus no-Sakhalinsk (HT 9 ZISP). - Mesonotum with pollinose vittae distinct . . 25 Parhelophilus ohscurior Violovitsh 25. Hind femur entirely yellow anteriorly; fore and mid tibiae entirely yellow kurentzovi 1960: 209 8 9 Russia, Sakhalin, Yuzh- - Hind femur black medially; fore and mid tib- no-Sakhalinsk (HT 8 ZISP). N. syn. iae usually dark basally laetus Helophilus citricornis Shiraki 1968: 214 8 9 Japan, Oze. (HT 8 NIAS). N. syn. laetus (Loew). British Columbia to Quebec, CHECKLIST OF PARHELOPHILUS SPECIES south to New Mexico, Louisiana & North brooksi Curran. Alberta to Wisconsin. Carolina. Parhelophilus brooksi Curran 1927: 90 8 Helophilus laetus Loew 1863: 315 8 9 Manitoba, Petchipegosis (HT S CNC). New York & Wisconsin (ST 8 MCZ). Lunomyia pollinaria Fluke 1939: 373 Helophilus aureopilis Townsend 1895:

ria, south to Spain, Italy, Bulgaria & Kir- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ghiz. Tsukuba (NIAS); H. Schumann, Humboldt Syrphus versicolor Fabricius 1794: 283 University, Berlin (ZMHU); J. R. Vocker- Germany (T ? Unknown, stated as oth, Canadian National Collection, Ottawa "Dom. Smidt" in Fabricius) (CNC); Philip Perkins, Museum of Com- Parhelophilus almasyi Szilady 1940: 65 parative Zoology, Cambridge (MCZ); and Kazakhstan, Taldy-Kurgan, Panfilov Gunilla Stahls, Finish Museum of Natural (T ? MNM (destroyed?)) History, Helsinki (UZMH) for permission to study material in their care. Other col- NOTES ON THE KEY AND SPECIES OF lection acronyms used are: MNM for Mag- PARHELOPHILUS yar Nemzeti Muzeum, Budapest; UKaL for Parhelophilus flavifacies is keyed in 2 Snow Entomological Museum at University couplets because the femoral tubercle can of Kansas, Lawrence; USNM for National be low and difficult to distinguish in some Museum of Natural History ( = United specimens. The types of flavifacies and an- States National Museum), Smithsonian In- niae were examined and found to represent stitution, Washington, D.C.; and ZIL for the same species. Zoological Institute, Lund. I also thank Drs. Parhelophilus obscurior Violovitsh and Neal Evenhuis, Bishop Museum, Honolulu Helophilus citricornis Shiraki are syn- (BBM); Many a B. Stoetzel, Allen Norr- onyms of kurentzovi. I have studied the ho- bom, and James Pakaluk, Systematic En- lotype of citricornis and Barkalov (in litt.) tomology Laboratory, USDA, Washington, has studied the types of the Violovitsh spe- DC, and Beltsville, MD, for their critical cies. reviews of the manuscript. Parhelophilus currani Fluke is only a I am very greatful to Frank D. Fee of pale southern race of laetus, the few spec- State College, Pennsylvania (FEE, personal imens of which I have seen differ from collection) and Chris T. Maier, Connecticut more northern ones in that the abdominal Agricultural Experimental Station, New maculae are expanded and united to form Haven (CTM, personal collection) who not fasciae. only reviewed this manuscript but also pro- Parhelophilus brooksi (Curran) is prob- vided many distribution records of porcus ably best considered a species of Lejops from their personal field work as well as (Lunomyia) as placed by Fluke on the as- detailed notes on the collection sites. Dr. sumption that the lack of the apical calcar Harry D. Pratt, Atlanta, GA, also provided on the hind tibia is a secondary loss. The details on the Vermont site. species is, however, included in the key as this is the genus in which users will prob- LITERATURE CITED ably still identify brooksi. Aldrich, J. M. 1905. A catalogue of North American Helophilus pilosus Hunter is a species of Diptera. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection Lejops (Lejops), new combination. 46(2), 680 pp. Bigot, J. M. F. 1883. Dipteres nouveaux ou peu con- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS nus. 22" partie, XXXII: Syrphidi (2e partie). Es- peces nouvelles, no. I. Annales des la Societe En- I thank David Grimaldi, American Mu- tomologique de France (6) 3: 61-88; 221-258; seum of Natural History, New York 315-356. (AMNH); Brian Pitkin, The Natural Histo- Brimley, C. S. 1923. Additional Syrphidae (Diptera) ry Museum [formerly the British Museum from North Carolina, with descriptions of two (Natural History)], London (BMNH); Ser- supposed new species. Entomological News 34: 277-279. gei Kuznetzov, Zoological Institute, Acad- Cole, F. R. and Schlinger, E. I. 1969. The flies of emy of Science, St. Petersburg (ZISP); N. Western North America, xii + 693 pp. Berkeley Fukuhara, Laboratory, and Los Angeles. VOLUME 99, NUMBER 4 639

Curran, C. H. 1927. Descriptions of nearctic Diptera. Johnson, C. W. 1914. Notes on inadequate locality Canadian Entomologist 59: 79-92. labels (Dipt.). Entomological News 25: 123-126. Curran, C. H. and C. L. Fluke. 1926. Revision of the Johnson, C. W. 1923. Collecting Diptera in Maine. Nearctic species of Helophilus and allied genera. Maine Naturalist 3: 7-10. [1923.08.15] Transaction of the Wisconsin Academy of Sci- Johnson, C. W. 1925. Fauna of New England. 15. List ences, Arts and Letters 22: 207-281. of the Diptera or two-winged flies. Occassional Fabricius, J. C. 1775. Systema entomologiae, sistens Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History insectorvm classes, ordines, genera, species, 7(15), 326 pp., 1 fig. adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibvs, obser- Johnson, C. W. 1985. Bogs of the Northeast, xvi + vationibvs. [32] + 832 pp. Kortii, Flensburgi et 269 pp. University Press of New England, Hano- Lipsiae [=Flensburg and Leipzig]. [1775.04.17] ver & London Fabricius, J. C. 1794. Entomologia systematica emen- Kertesz, K. 1910. Catalogus dipterorum hucusque data et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, descriptorum. Vol. 7, 470 pp. Lipsiae, Budapestini species adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, (=Leipzig, Budapest). descriptionibus. Vol. 4, [6] + 472 + [5] pp. C. G. Loew, H. 1846. Helophilus. Stettiner Entomologische Proft, Hafniae [=Copenhagen]. Zeitung 7: 116-127, 141-150, 164-169. Fallen, C. F. 1817. Syrphici Sveciae [Part]. Pp. 31- Loew, H. 1863. Diptera Americae septentrionalis in- 42. Lundae (=Lund). [1817.05.20] digena. Centuria tertia. Berliner Entomologische Fluke, C. L. 1922. Syrphidae of Wisconsin. Transac- Zeitschrift 7: 1-55. tion of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts Malm, A. W. 1863. Anteckningar ofver Syrphici i and Letters 20: 215-253, pis. 5-6. Skandinavien och Finland, med sarskildt afseende Fluke, C. L. 1939. New Syrphidae (Diptera) from pa de arter och former, hvilka blifvit funna i G6- Central and North America. Annals of the Ento- teborgs och Bohus Ian. Goteborgs K. Veternsk.-o. mological Society of America 32: 365-375, 1 pi. VitterhSamh. Handl. 8: 1-81. Fluke, C. L. 1953. Some syrphid fly synonomy. En- Miliczky, E. R. and E. A. Osgood. 1979. The effects tomological News 64: 208-209. of spraying with Sevin-4-oil on insect pollinators Girschner, E. 1897. uber die Postalar-Membran and pollination in a spruce-fir forest. Technical (Schuppchen, Squamulae) der Dipteren. Illustrier- Bulletin, Life Sciences Agricultural Experimental te Wochenschrift fur Entomologie 2: 534-539, Station of University of Maine 90, 21 pp. 553-559, 567-571, 586-589, 603-607, 641-645, Osburn, R. C. 1907. The Syrphidae of British Colum- 666-670, 6 pis. bia. Bulletin of the British Columbia Entomolog- Goffe, E. R. 1944. Some changes in generic nomen- ical Society 8: 1-4. clature in Syrphidae (Diptera). Entomological Osburn, R. C. 1908. British Columbia Syrphidae, new Monthly Magazine 80: 128-132. [1944.07.04] species and additions to the list. Canadian Ento- Goffe, E. R. 1945. Note on the type-species of some mologist 40: 1-14, 1 fig. genera of Syrphidae (Diptera). Journal of the So- Osten Sacken, C. R. von 1858. Catalogue of the de- ciety for British Entomology 2: 276-279. scribed Diptera of North America. Smithsonian [1945.11.30] Miscellaneous Collections 3(1), vii-xx, 92 pp. Goot, V. S. van der 1981. De zweefvliegen van Osten Sacken, C. R. von 1875. A list of the North Noordwest-Europa en Europees Rusland, in het American Syrphidae. Bulletin of the Buffalo So- bijzonder van de Beneluz. Bibliotheck van der ciety of Natural Science 3: 38-71. [1875.11.??] Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Ver- Osten Sacken, C. R. von 1878. Catalogue of the de- eniging 32, 275 pp. scribed Diptera of North America. Smithsonian Graenicher, S. 1910. A preliminary list of the flies of Miscellaneous Collection, 270, xlvii + 276 pp. Wisconsin belonging to the families Bombyliidae, [1878.10.??] Syrphidae and Conopidae. Bulletin of the Wiscon- Peck, L. V. 1988. Family Syrphidae. pp. 11-230. In sin Natural History Society 8: 32-44. Soos, A., ed., Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. [1910.05.??] Vol. 8, Syrphidae—Conopidae. 363 pp. Akade- Hackman, W. 1980. A check list of the Finnish Dip- miai Kiado, Budapest tera. II. Cyclorrhapha. Notulae Entomologicae 60: Petch, C. E. and J. B. Malthais. 1932. A preliminary 117-162. list of the of the Province of Quebec. Part Hull, F. M. 1949. The morphology and inter-relation- II, Diptera, by A. E Winn and G. Beaulieu. Re- ship of the genera of syrphid flies, recent and fos- vised and supplemented. Annual Report, Quebec sil. Transaction of the Zoological Society of Lon- Society for the Protection of Plants 23/24 (supple- don 26: 257-408, 25 figs. [1949.05.??] ment 24), 100 pp. Hunter, W. D. 1897. Contribution to the knowledge Sack, P 1931. 31. Syrphidae [part]. Pp. 241-288. In of North American Syrphidae.-II. Canadian En- Lindner, E., ed., Die Fliegen der palaarktischen tomologist 29: 121-144, pi. 5. Region. 4(6). Stuttgart [1931.04.29] 4&

640 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON d*' Shiraki, T. 1968. Syrphidae (Insecta: Diptera). Vol. 3, terology of North America —I. Syrphidae. Trans- [viii]+272 pp., 47 pis. In Fauna Japonica. Bio- action of the American Entomological Society 22: geographical Society of Japan, Tokyo. 33-55. [1968.03.30] Verrall, G. H. 1901. Platypezidae, Pipunculidae, and StackelbeAg, A. A. 1924. Syrphidarium novorum pa- Syrphidae of Great Britain. Vol. 8, (vi) + 691 pp., laearcticorum diagnoses. Wiener Entomologische 457 figs. In his British Flies. London, Cambridge. Zeitung 41: 25-29. Violovitsh, N. A. 1960. New palaearctic Syrphidae Stackelberg, A. A. 1970. [49. Fam. Syrphidae—Hov- (Diptera) from the Far Eastern Territory of the er flies.] Pp. 11-96. In Bei-Bienko, G. Ya (ed.), USSR. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 36: 748- [Keys to the insects of the european part of U. S. 755. [In Russian] S. R.] 5(2) Leningrad [In Russian] Violovitsh, N. A. 1983. Sirfidy Sibiri (Diptera, Syr- Stackelberg, A. A. 19S§. 49. Fam. Syrphidae. Pp. 10- phidae). 241 pp. Nauka, Novisibirsk. [In Russian, 148. In Bei-Bienko, G/Ya (ed.), Keys to the in- see below for translation] sects of the european part of U. S. S. R. 5(2) Violovitsh, N. A. 1986. Siberian Syrphidae (Diptera) Smithsonian Institution Libraries & National Sci- (Sirfidy Sibiri) Novosibirsk, 1983. Verslagen en ence Foundation, Washington Technische Gegevens, Instituut voor Taxonomis- Strickland, E. H. 1938. An annotated list of the Dip- che Zoologie (Zoologisch Museum), Universiteit tera (flies) of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Re- van Amsterdam. 288 pp. [Translation of the fore- search (D, Zoological Sciences) 16: 175-219. word and keys of Violovitsh 1983] Szilady, Z. 1940. fiber palaarktische Syrphiden. IV. Walker, F 1849. List of the specimens of dipterous Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis Hun- insects in the collection of the British Museum. garici (Zoology) 33: 54-70. Vol. 3, Pp. 485-687. London [1849.06.30] Thompson, F. C. 1997. The Biosystematic Database Williston, S. W 1887. Synopsis of the North Ameri- of World Diptera. Diptera Data Dissemination can Syrphidae. Bulletin of the United States Na- Disk 1. Also at URL: http://www2.sel.barc.usda. tional Museum 31, xxx + 335, 12 pis. (1886). gov/Diptera/biosys.htm [Before 1887.06.30] Thompson, F. C. 1997. A key to the genera of the Wirfh, W. W., Y S. Sedman and H. V. Weems, Jr. flower flies of the Neotropical Region with the 1965. Family Syrphidae. pp. 557-625. In Stone, description of two new genera and eight new spe- A., C. W. Sabrosky, W. W. Wirth, R. H. Foote, cies. Contribution of the American Entomological and J. R. Coulson, eds., A catalog of the Diptera Institute, 56 pp. [In Press] of America north of Mexico. U. S. Department of Townsend, C. H. T. 1895. Contributions to the dip- Agriculture, Handbook 276, 1696 pp.