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Language Acquisition: Classroom Language Acquisition for Preschool Students

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Language Acquisition: Classroom Language Acquisition for Preschool Students Scope: Journal of English Language Teaching p-ISSN: 2541-0326 Volume 01, Number 01, September 2016 e-ISSN: 2541-0334 LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: CLASSROOM LANGUAGE ACQUISITION FOR PRESCHOOL STUDENTS Rosdiana Department of English Education, Faculty of Language and Art, University of Indraprasta PGRI Jalan Nangka No. 58C Tanjung Barat, Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan 12530 [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper explained about the language acquisition of the preschool students. The language acquisition involved the mini research by using qualitative approach. The researcher did observation to TK. A Bintang Semesta and did case study to know the acquisition of classroom language in that school. The researcher also identified the process of children’ language acquisition and also identified the process of acquisition. In this paper also explain the relation of data in the field with expert opinion about language acquisition. Key words: language acquisition, classroom language, preschool students ABSTRAK Artikel ini membahas mengenai pemerolehan bahasa pada siswa prasekolah. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan dari penelitian kecil dengan menggunakan pedekatan kualiatatif. Penulis melakukan observasi pada TK. A Bintang Semesta dan melakukan studi kasus untuk mengetahui pemerolehan bahasa kelas pada sekolah tersebut. Penulis juga mengidentifikasi proses anak- anak dalam pemerolehan bahasa dan proses pemerolehan bahasa itu sendiri. Artikel ini juga menjelaskan hubugan antara data yang ada dilapangan dengan pendapat para ahli mengenai pemerolehan bahasa. Kata kunci: pemerolehan bahasa, bahasa kelas, siswa prasekolah Copyright©2016 63 INTRODUCTION is available? Or they learn the language Human’s language is like winged because they need it to communicate? bird. Language cannot be separated from Psycholinguistic development is a the nature of the human, because it is science which deals with the child's human device to communicate each language acquisition. other. From the statement above, it Meaning of language acquisition seems that human without language like in children is very important for the bird without wings, because wigs are development of communicative ability. characterizes bird, and language is In communication activities, domiciled characterizes human. meaning and role in the preparation and The terminology of acquisition is understanding of the message. It is based used for comprehend of language that is on that in essence, the purpose of done by children naturally when they language is to communicate meaning learn their mother tongue (native and linguistic competence essentially language). This terminology can be accompanied semantic competence distinguished from learning. Learning is communicative competence in order to done by using formal education, and be realized. At the age of approximately acquisition is done by natural. five years the process of language Language acquisition is process of development of children already human to get ability to capture, produce, resembles the adult language, both and use words to comprehend and aspects of the sound, the words, the communicate. This capacity is syntax, and the organization of accommodating some skills and ability discourse. However, the process of like syntactic, phonetic, and wide development of meaning in language vocabulary. Language is comprehended children are not automatically in line can be vocal like spoken or manually like with the development aspects of sign language. Language acquisition linguistic structure (Gleason & Ratner, usually refers to first language that 1998). studies children’s language to their Children have a golden age when mother tongue, not their second they were a child. Where a child is language (Gleason & Ratner, 1998). learning, they were born endowed with a Modern linguistic and potential basis for speaking in the form psycholinguistic are able to explain to us of speech synthesizers biological and about how and what can be learned by coordination abilities and speech children. They can practice by using production therein. Mental and communication competence. However, biological capabilities serve as the there are some questions that have been foundation for language development. answered, which are: how do children It’s the kind of description by acquire the language? How do children Djardowijojo (2000) language decide meaning of word? Or how development of a child is not only produce speech structure that they have affected by neurological development, never heard before? The Researchers do but also by their biological development. not agree on why children learn A study shows that for ages 0-11 years languages; whether children learn the old, the child's ability to absorb language because the adults teach the (pronounce and understand the meaning language to them? Or it is genetically of the word) is quite remarkable, programmed to accept the language? Do whereas the period after that, the they learn complex grammar because it development of capabilities back to the 64 Scope: Journal of English Language Teaching, Vol.01, No.01, Sept 2016, 63-68 rhythm and tempo that normal (not too RESULTS AND DISCUSSION fast). The living and interacting with the Based on the results of community in a sustainable society observations was have done by the bombarded with language. Mukalel author. The author knows that children in (2006) stated that but the early stages of Bintang Semesta Kindergarten trained to language development do not seem to be get used to doing those things taught by influenced by what is happening around teacher. Teachers use two languages, them. Bahasa and foreign languages which is Classroom language is the English that they use as a form of language used in the classroom as a form curriculum of bilingual program. of interaction between students and Teachers try to repeat what they told that teachers. Classroom Language is an children unwittingly will understand the expression - an expression used when it word or phrase. In the following table, was first used in the classroom. Sutriso some examples of classroom language (2016) affirms that with so children are used: experience acquiring languages other than ordinary language - a day at home, Table 1 and they know that they will use Classroom Language at Bintang language classroom at school when Semesta Kindergarten interacting with teachers and other English Bahasa students. Good morning my Selamat pagi dear students/ anak – anak METHOD class On this mini research, the author Good morning Selamat pagi had the opportunity to conduct a case Miss…. Miss… study on TK. A Bintang Semesta Depok How are you Bagaimana on child language acquisition is the today? kabarnya hari acquisition of classroom language or ini? languages used in class as one Hallo class Halo anak – introduction in the classroom for anak teachers and students in the school's Pay attention Penuh perhatian preschool. A qualitative approach with Clean up please Rapihkan case study method in kindergarten kembali Bintang Semesta. The activities are Are you happy Senangkah observations in the classroom, following today? belajar hari ini? any activity was undertaken by the Thank you Miss, Terima kasih students naturally and conduct see you later Miss, sampai interviews with the responsible teacher jumpa lagi. in the classroom about how the situation and the circumstances during the Learning a language is a process of learning process takes place. From the internalization system. This process is above explanation, this small study very clear and systematic reaffirmed by aimed to find out how the process of Noam Chomsky in the theory of language acquisition kindergarten generative transformation language. Bintang Semesta. Noam Chomsky, a linguist 'inventor' theory of transformational-generative grammar of the language, he believes that in the child there is a kind of "tool" Language Acquisition... (Rosdiana) 65 used as a means of acquiring a language. response or responses of students in Since the birth of children own communication (Sutrisno, 2016). disposition, talent (innate capacity), Furthermore, Chomsky assumes which form Language Acquisition that language users understand the Devices (LAD) to acquire language structure of language that makes a naturally. Their innate capacity or the person can create new sentences are LAD according to Chomsky can be used countless and make someone understand to explain what is going on in the child sentences. During the first language miraculously able to learn the language acquisition, Chomsky says there are two quickly. In contrast to the tabula rasa processes that occur when a child obtain theory which states that the baby's brain a first language. The process in question at the time of birth likened blank paper, is the competence and performance which will be written by those process. These processes are two experiences. Skinner said the language different processes, competence is born of the form S - R, stimulus - intuitive knowledge owned by an response. Mukalel (2006) in the other individual on his mother tongue (native hand, Piaget's theory of cognitive languange). This linguistic intuition does development that includes a discussion not just exist, but developed in line with of language, which became known as the the child's growth, while performance is hypothesis of cognitive universals. something produced by competency. Chomsky, says that if we learn the Competence is the mastery of grammar language then in essence we are studying (phonology, morphology, syntax and
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