MINERνA (Main INjector ExpeRiment v-A)
A High-Statistics Neutrino Scattering Experiment Using an On-Axis, Fine-grained Detector in the NuMI Beam
Argonne - Athens - California/Irvine - Colorado - Dortmund - Duke - Fermilab - Hampton - I I T - INR/Moscow -James Madison - Jefferson Lab Minnesota - Pittsburgh - Rochester - Rutgers - South Carolina - Tufts 18 Groups: Red = HEP, Blue = NP, Green = Theorists only
Jorge G. Morfín - Fermilab
CERN 17 September 2003
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 1 52 Collaborators (so far…)
S. Kulagin J.Arrington, D.H.Potterveld, P.E.Reimer Institute of Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
C.Andreopoulos, G.Mavromanolakis, P.Stamoulis, I.Niculescu N.Saoulidou, G.Tzanakos, M.Zois James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia University of Athens, Athens, Greece A.Bruell, R. Carlini, R.Ent, D.Gaskell, J. Gomez, C.E.Keppel. D.Casper W.Melnitchouk, S.Wood University of California, Irvine, California Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia
E.R.Kinney M.DuVernois University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
E. Paschos S. Boyd, D. Naples, V. Paolone University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
D.Dutta A.Bodek, H. Budd, P. de Babaro, G. Ginther, S, Manly, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina K. McFarland, W. Sakumoto, P. Slattery, M. Zielinsky University of Rochester, Rochester, New York D.Harris, M. Kostin, J.G.Morfin, P.Shanahan Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois R.Gilman, C.Glasshausser, R.Ransome Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey M.E.Christy Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia T.Bergfeld, A.Godley, S.R.Mishra, C.Rosenfeld University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina N.Solomey Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois H.Gallagher, W.A.Mann Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 2 For more information…
For more details than time this morning allows -
Salle B 14:00
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 3 MOTIVATION
Why, after nearly 40 years of accelerator ν experimentation, as we are pushing the energy frontier, are we still interested in lower energy ν scattering physics?
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 4 NuMI Beamline on the Fermilab Site
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 5 NuMI Facility / MINOS Experiment at Fermilab
Precision examination of atmospheric ν anomaly Energy distribution of oscillations Measurement of oscillation parameters Participation of neutrino flavors
Direct measurement of ν vs ν oscillation Magnetized far detector: atm. ν’s. Likely eventual measurement with beam
Near Detector Far Detector: 5400 tons. NuMI: Neutrinos at Main Injector 980 tons O(2Kevts/year) Finished! 120 GeV protons Det. 2 1.9 second cycle time Single turn extraction (10µs) Det. 1 Beam: POT Late 2004 Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 6 NuMI Beamline Geometry
Target-Horn Chase: 2 parabolic horns. 50 m Decay Region: 1m radius decay pipe. 675 m Hadron Absorber: Steel with Al core 5 m Muon range-out: dolomite (rock). 240 m Near Detector Hall 45 m
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 7 NuMI Neutrino Beam (zoom-lens) Configurations
Horn 1 position fixed - move target and horn 2 to change mean energy of beam. Three “nominal” configurations: low-, medium-, high energy. In addition, “semi-me” and “semi-he” beams. Horns left in le configuration and only target moved.
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 8 NuMI Neutrino Spectrum
νµ CC Events/kt/year
Use LOW ENERGY Beam
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 9 How Important are Low-energy Neutrinos?
Seeing the “dip” in the oscillation probability is a goal of MINOS
VERY Difficult at low ∆m2.
• CC energy distributions have two important complications at low energy:
• Difference between Evis and Eν due to nuclear effects (particularly re-scattering). • A required subtraction of NC events that fake low energy CC. • In both cases MINOS, as well as all other oscillation experiments, will have to rely on MC. Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 10 Next Generation: NuMI Off-axis Experiment
The dominant oscillation parameters will be known reasonably well from solar/reactor ν and from SuperK, K2K, MINOS, CNGS
The physics issues to be investigated are clearly delineated: θ θ Need measurement of missing oscillation probability ( 13 = µe) ∆ Need determination of mass hierarchy (sign of m13) Search for CP violation in neutrino sector Measurement of CP violation parameters (Testing CPT with high precision)
ν ν Above can be accomplished with the µ ⇒ e transition. How do we measure this sub-dominant oscillation? θ 13 small (≤ 0.1) - maximize flux at the desired energy (near oscillation max) Minimize backgrounds - narrow energy spectrum around desired energy One wants to be below τ threshold to measure subdominant oscillation Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 11 The Off-axis Solution
More flux than low energy on- axis (broader spectrum of pions contributing)
No nasty high-energy tail, which contributes so much background!
Neutrino event spectra at a detector located at different transverse locations Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 12 Motivation: Current/Future ν Oscillation Experiments ν use a Few GeV on a C, O2,Fe or ??? Nucleus
MINOS: Neutrino Beam NuMI Off-axis Neutrino Beam
We need to understand low energy ν-Nucleus interactions for oscillation experiments! Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 13 Motivation: Exclusive Cross-sections at Low Energies - Quasi-elastic: DISMAL No one ever lost money by betting against neutrino experiments being correct. -- Don Perkins
World sample statistics is still fairly miserable! Cross-section important for understanding low-energy atmospheric neutrino oscillation results. Needed for all low energy neutrino monte carlos. “K2K near detector data on water was fit with wrong vector form factors. New (Budd, Bodek, Arrington ) BBA2003 form factors and updated MA have a significant effect on Neutrino oscillations Results.” Quote from Arie Bodek Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 14 Motivation: Exclusive Cross-sections at Low Energies - 1-Pion and Strange Particle: DISMAL
CC World’s sample of NC 1-π ANL ν p→ν n π+ (7 events) νp→µ–pπ+ ν n→ν n π0 (7 events) Gargamelle ν p→ν p π0 (240 evts) ν n→ν n π0 (31 evts) K2K Starting a careful analysis of single π0 production. νn→µ–pπ0 Strange Particle Production Gargamelle-PS - 15 Λ events. FNAL - ≈ 100 events ZGS - 7 events ν →µ– π+ n n BNL - 8 events Larger NOMAD sample expected Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 15 σ How about Tot?
Low energy (< 10 GeV) primarily from the 70’s and 80’s suffering from low statistics and large systematics (mainly from ν flux measurements). Mainly bubble chamber results --> larger correction for missing neutrals.
σ How well do we model Tot?
D. Naples - NuInt02
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 16 Motivation: Knowledge of Nuclear Effects with Neutrinos: essentially NON-EXISTENT
Anti-shadowing Fermi motion
“EMC” effect Shadowing
µ ν− Α F2 / nucleon changes as a function of A. Measured (with high statistics) in -A not in Good reason to consider nuclear effects DIFFERENT in ν -A. Presence of axial- vector current. SPECULATION: Much stronger shadowing for ν -A but somewhat weaker
“EMC” effect? Different nuclear effects for valance and sea --> different shadowing for xF3 compared to F2? Different nuclear effects for d and u quarks? 2Θ NUCLEAR EFFECTS EXPLAIN SOME/ALL OF THE NuTeV SIN W RESULT? LET’S MEASURE NC/CC AND NUCLEAR EFFECTS WITH ν − Α 1, Α2 , Α3 ...
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 17 Motivation: Nuclear Effects A Difference in Nuclear Effects of Valence and Sea Quarks?
Nuclear effects similar in Drell-Yan and DIS for x < 0.1. Then no “anti-shadowing” in D-Y while “anti-shadowing” seen in DIS (5-8% effect in NMC). Indication of difference in nuclear effects between valence & sea quarks? This quantified via Nuclear Parton Distribution Functions: K.J. Eskola et al and S. Kumano et al Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 18 Motivation: Nuclear Effects A Specific Look at ν Scattering Nuclear Effects: Shadowing
ν •S.A.Kulagin has calculated shadowing for F2 and xF3 in -A interactions. Stronger effect than for µ-A interactions
•Shadowing in the low Q2 (A/VMD dominance) region is much stronger than at higher Q2.
•Major difference between Kulagin and Kumano predictions
µ-Ca/µ-D Kumano
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 19 Experimental Results in ν Scattering: Nuclear Effects?
Bubble Chamber:
Ne/D2
FNAL E-545 Where is the “EMC” effect?
CERN BEBC
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 20 Motivation: Comparison of ν-A with JLab
results on e-A; high xBj pdf
Particular interest in the high -xBj region where there seems to be a discrepancy between global fits and data. Study of structure functions off various nuclear targets, again at high-
xBj, allows comparison with nuclear structure models where sensitivity is the greatest. Close examination of the non-PQCD and pQCD transition region, in context of quark-hadron duality, with axial-vector probe. CTEQ working group in association with C. Keppel (Jlab) formed to
investigate high -xBj region. Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 21 Motivation: High xBj parton distributions How well do we know quarks at high-x?
Wu-Ki Tung
Ratio of CTEQ5M (solid) and MRST2001 (dotted) to CTEQ6 for the u and d quarks at Q2 = 10 GeV2. The shaded green envelopes demonstrate the range of possible distributions from the CTEQ6 error analysis.
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 22 We have the Motivation. Can we perform the experiment? Neutrino Event Energy Distributions and Statistics in the NuMI Near Hall
Reasonably expect 2.5 x 1020 pot per year of NuMI running at start-up.
le-configuration: Events- (Eµ >0.35 GeV)
Epeak = 3.0 GeV,
me-configuration: Events-
Epeak = 7.0 GeV,
he-configuration: Events- Epeak = 12.0 GeV,
MINOS oscillation experiment uses mainly le beam with shorter s-me and s-he runs for control and minimization of systematics.
An example of a running cycle would be: 12 months le beam 3 months s-me beam 1 month s-he beam
Consider 2 such cycles (3 year run) with 2.5x1020 protons/year: 860 K events/ton.
DIS (W > 2 GeV, Q2 > 1.0 GeV2): 0.36 M events / ton Quasi elastic: 0.14 M events / ton. Resonance + “Transition”: 0.36 M events / ton - 1 π production: 0.15 M events / ton.
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 24 MINOS Parasitic Running: x, Q2 and W2
Events / ton
elastic + resonance
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 25 Prime User: he Event Energy Distribution
Run he beam configuration!
For example, 1 year neutrino plus 2 years anti-neutrino would yield: 1.6 M ν - events/ton 0.9 M ν - events/ton
DIS (W > 2 GeV, Q2 > 1.0 GeV2): 0.85 M ν events / ton 0.35 M ν events / ton Shadowing region (x < 0.1): 0.3 M events/ton
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 26 Detector: Physics Requirements
Good separation of NC and CC events Good identification and energy measurement of µ- and e±
Identification and separation of exclusive final states ν →µ– ν → – Quasi-elastic µn p, en e p - observe recoil protons Single π0, π± final states - reconstruct π0 Multi-particle final-state resonances
Reasonable electromagnetic and hadronic calorimetry for DIS 2 Accurate measurements of xBj, Q and W.
Multiple targets of different nuclei
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 27 Basic Conceptual Design:
Triangular ≈ (2-3 cm base x 1-2 cm height) scintillator (CH) strips with fiber readout. Fully λ ρ Active ( int = 80 cm, X0 = 44 cm) / alternate with C planes > and nuclear tgt.
Example fid. vol: (r = .8m L = 1.5 m): 3 tons pure plastic or 5 tons with graphite R = 1.5 m - p: µ =.45 GeV/c, π = .51, K = .86, P = 1.2 R = .75 m - p: µ =.29 GeV/c, π = .32, K = .62, P = .93
Surround fully active detector with em-calorimeter, hadron-calorimeter and magnetized µ-id / spectrometer
Nuclear targets: 1 cm thick planes of C, Fe and Pb.- Total mass 2 tons 44 planes C: graphite planes +Scintillator 12 planes Fe: backscatter hadron cal 8 planes Pb:
Use MINOS near detector as forward µ−identifier / spectrometer.
Attempt to constrain detector size so can be moved to an off-axis position. Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 28 Basic Conceptual Design: (A. Bodek, D. Casper and G. Tzanakos) Overall dimensions and relative volumes currently being determined
EM Calorimeter: X Active Scintillator / V U X 2 mm = 1.5 mm Pb Graphite detector and two 0.25 mm stainless on each side V Magentized U Hadron Cal + µ− Id/spec.
Fiducial Volume Downstream end: EM Calorimeter plus HadCal
Coils - bottom Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam sides only 15 2 29 mm mm Downstream End - just upstream of MINOSnear
Downstream Half Scintillator Only
Upstream Half Scint. + Planes of C, Fe,W
2.0 m x 2.0 m x 2.0 m long
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 30 Why plastic scintillator with fiber? Scintillator/Fiber & VLPC R&D at Fermilab
Scintillation detector work at Fermilab Scintillation Detector Development Laboratory Extruded scintillator Fiber characterization and test Thin-Film facility Fiber processing: Mirroring and coatings Photocathode work Diamond polishing Scintillator Cost Machine Development < $ 5 / kg Diamond polishing Polymer Dopant Optical connector development High-density Photodetector packaging
Continuing development of D0 VLPC readout with $750K grant. Produced D0-type arrays for detailed device analysis at low cost compared to D0 Goal: Demonstrate X10 cost reduction for VLPC. Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 31 Example of Event Profiles in Scintillator Detector S. Boyd and D. Casper
CC: Eν = 4.04 GeV, x = .43, y = .37 CC: Eν = 11.51 GeV, x = ..34, y = .94
“Elastic”: Eν = 3.3 GeV, x = .90, y = .08 NC: Eν = 29.3 GeV, x = ..25, y = .46
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 32 Read-out/Photo-Sensors to Consider H. Budd - coordinator
MAPMTs - very safe - currently most favored solution Well-understood technology, know draw- backs, stable development Relatively low QE Not too pricey for M-64 (MINOS price order $20/channel) Electronics cost: less than MINOS (no QIE chip)
CCD + I I - relatively inexpensive Commercial off-the-shelf with integrated readout - inexpensive/channel Relatively low QE Slow device - no intra-spill timing
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 33 Read-out/Photo-Sensors to Consider - continued
VLPC - “Cool” Devices Not yet commercial but intense R&D development Gain Drift Substrate IntrinsicRegion RegionSpacer For D0 cost order $50/channel Region Region - Bross speculates $10/channel “soon” •e•h High QE Photon Requires cryogenic cooling to reduce noise •+ •- - system integration task
HPD and APD - Becoming commercial High QE but low gain Need high-gain electronics and some significant cooling (not like VLPC) Less pricey than MAPMT but electronics could cost a bundle Still need several years R&D Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 34 NuMI Near Hall: Dimensions & Geometry
≈ 100 m underground Length: 45m - Height: 9.6m - Width: 9.5m
Length Available for New Detector: 26 m
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 35 MINOS Near Detector in the NuMI Near Hall 1cm thick CH (4 cm transverse granularity) between 2.5 cm thick Fe plates
Even “Partially Instrumented” MINOS planes provide fairly complete coverage for the new detector
Plastic & Steel
2 m x 2m detector Center of the NuMI cross-section Neutrino Beam
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 36 Many Detector Questions Still Unanswered (aside from fundamental question of readout/electronics choice)
We have a detector with sufficient granularity to resolve 1, 2, 3… particle final states. How do we determine the mass and momentum of these particles?
How much can we do without a central magnetic field? - We can measure stopping proton energy by range. What about the π±/K±/P ambiguity? Can we see the pion decay? How much does de/dx in the last few cms of track help resolve π /P ambiguity?. If we need a B-field would the first 20 planes of MINOS do? Will a TOF system help the particle ID? - can we resolve the π+/π-- ambiguity via observation of the µ+/e+ chain? Can we use the MINOS detector to resolve π+/π-- ambiguity? Can we measure the charge and momentum in MINOS? How well do we measure the 1 π0- state? How does the plastic perform as an hadronic calorimeter? What is the error on the hadronic energy?
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 37 Other Detectors with Similar Concept
New K2K Near Detector 3m
EOI for an Off-axis Near Detector. 2 cm 1cm 2 cm x 2cm granularity
EOI for a nearer MiniBooNe Detector. Similar detector and granularity
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 3m 38 After initial (MINOS) run -
add a Liquid H2/D2(/O/Ar) Target
Fid. vol: r = 80 cm. l = 150 cm.
350 K CC evts in LH2 800 K CC evts in LD2 ν per year he- running. H_2/D_2
MINOS Near Technically easy/inexpensive to build and operate. Planes of C, Fe, Pb For part of run Meeting safety specifications the major effort.
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 39 Detector (3 ton fid. vol. ): Event Rates; CC - Eµ > 0.35 GeV
Event rates (2.5 x 1020 protons per year)
MINOS Off-axis Prime User Prime User Parasitic Parasitic (3 years) (1 year, me- ν) (1 year, he-ν) (2 year, he -ν)
CH 2.60 M 2.10 M 4.80 M 2.70 M C 0.85 M 0.70 M 1.60 M 0.90 M Fe 0.85 M 0.70 M 1.60 M 0.90 M Pb 0.85 M 0.70 M 1.60 M 0.90 M
LH2 0.15 M 0.35 M 0.20 M
LD2 0.35 M 0.80 M 0.45 M
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 40 ν-Scattering Physics Topics with NuMI Beam Energies and Statistics
Measure during initial MINOS exposure Quasi-elastic neutrino scattering and associated form-factors. ( Contribution of the strange quark to proton spin through ν elastic scattering. ) Resonance production region. Nuclear effects involving neutrinos, including NC/CC ratio. Need antineutrinos for (maximal) physics output 2θ σ ν sin W via the ratio of NC / CC (as well as d /dy from -e scattering) to check the surprising NuTeV result. Very high-x parton distribution functions. Nuclear effects for valence and sea quarks. Parton distribution functions (pdf) via all 6 structure functions. Leading exponential contributions of pQCD.
Charm physics including the mass of the charm quark mc (improved accuracy by an order of magnitude, Vcd, s(x) and, independently, s(x.).
Strange particle production for Vus, flavor-changing neutral currents and measurements of hyperon polarization. Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 41 Physics Result: Exclusive States; - Elastic and Resonance Cross-sections and Strange Particle Production
σ σ Measure absolute el and ie 1π to ± 3% (Beam) ± Expt. Systematic: Minimal statistical errors (> 400K events each elastic and 1π).
In the 2-year ν run, this experiment would accumulate: Λ Λ Λ 430 K events in CH, 145 K in C/Fe/Pb and 90 K in D2. Could also search for or measure
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 42 Physics with the Elastic Scattering Sample > 400,000 events produced
Q2<0.3 Region, Interest 1. Determine Ma=radius of axial proton 2. Compare to Ma from pion electroproduction 3. Determine quaielastic cross section where most of the events are - for neutrino oscillation in the 1 GeV region , e.g. K2K,JHF MiniBoone. 4. Sensitive to both Pauli Exclusion and final state ID if a nuclear target is used, e.g. Carbon, Water. Lose Quasielastic events, or misID resonance events. -> - Need to use Jlab Hall B data on D2, C and Fe - Manly Analysis proposal 5. Low recoil proton momentum P=Sqrt(Q2)
Q2 > 1 GeV2 Region, Interest 1. Determine deviations from Dipole form factors is it like Gep or Gmp . 2. Not sensitive to Paul Exclusion, but sensitive to final state ID. -> - Need to use Jlab Hall B data on D2, C and Fe - Manly analysis proposal 3. Higher recoil proton momentum P=Sqrt(Q2) Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam R. Holt - ANL 43 Physics with the Resonance (+ Transition Region) Scattering Sample: > 1,000,000 events (400 K 1π) produced
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 44 Coherent Pion Production
ν ν NC Coherent Pion Production Cross Section
200 π0 Z 175
P NE nucleus 20 150 )/ 2
cm 125
NN-40 (10
σ 100
75
Order 200K NC coherent pion events 50 during MINOS parasitic run 25
0 0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 Eν (GEV)
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 45 Physics Results: Nuclear Effects
2 2 (ν running only) Q = 0.7 GeV Kulagin Predictions: Fe/C and Pb/C - ALL EVENTS - 2-cycle Ratio Fe/C: Statistical Errors 1.0 From MINOS Parasitic Run
0.9 xBj MINOS MINOS all DIS Fe/C 0.8 0.0 - .01 1.8 % xxx
.01 - .02 1.4 10 % R (A/C) 0.7 Pb/C .02 - .03 1.3 6
0.6 .03 - .04 1.2 4
.04 - .05 1.1 3 0.5 .001 .01 .1 .05 - .06 1.1 2.6 x
.06 - .07 1.0 2.3 Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 46 Physics Results: High-xBj Parton Distribution Functions
The particular case of what is happening at high- xBj is currently a bit of controversial with indications Measured / CTEQ6 Might be d/u ratio that current global results not correct: Drell-Yan production results ( E-866) may indicate
that high-xBj (valence) quarks OVERESTIMATED. A Jlab analysis of Jlab and SLAC high x DIS
indicate high-xBj quarks UNDERESTIMATED ≈ Statistical Errors for 1 year of he-ν (x 1.5 for MINOS parasitic run in CH)
xBj CH LH2 LD2 .6 - .65 0.6% 2.2% 1.5%
.65 - .7 0.7 2.6 1.7 SLAC points .7 - .75 1.0 3.7 2.5 .75 - .8 1.3 5 3 .8 - .85 2 7 5 .85 - .9 3 11 7 CTEQ6
.9 - 1.0 4 14Neutrino 10 Scattering in the NuMI Beam 47 Physics Results: Parton Distribution Functions: What Can We Learn With All Six Structure Functions?
Recall Neutrinos have the ability to directly resolve flavor of the nucleon’s constituents: ν interacts with d, s, u, and c while ν interacts with u, c, d and s.
Using Leading order expressions:
ν Ν 2 = F 2 (x, Q ) xu+[ u + d + d + 2 s + 2 c] νΝ 2 = F 2 (x, Q ) xu+[]u + d + d + 2 s + 2 c ν Ν 2 = xF 3 (x, Q ) xu+d-[]u - d - 2 s + 2 c νΝ xF (x, Q2 ) = xu+d-[]u - d + 2s - 2 c 3 Does s = s and c = c over all x? If so..... ν ν = F2 -xF3 =2()u + d + 2c 2U + 4c ν ν F2 -xF3 =2()u + d + 2s =2U+4s ν ν = []()− () xF 3 -xF3 2s+s c + c =4s - 4c Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 48 Physics Results: Six Structure Functions for Maximal Information on PDF’s
σ νA 2 ⎡ ()− 2 ⎤ d = GF 1 νA 2 + νA 2 + 1 y νA 2 − νA 2 ()F 2 (x, Q ) xF 3 (x,Q ) ()F 2 (x, Q ) xF 3 (x, Q ) dxdQ 2 2πx ⎢2 2 ⎥ ⎣ ⎦ σ ν A 2 ⎡ ()1 − y 2 ⎤ d = G F 1 ν A 2 − ν A 2 + ν A 2 + ν A 2 ()F 2 (x,Q ) xF 3 (x,Q ) ()F 2 (x, Q ) xF 3 (x,Q ) 2 2 πx ⎢ 2 2 ⎥ dxdQ ⎣ ⎦ R = Rwhitlow 2 + y FL Neutrino 1 year he-beam
Anti-Neutrino σ(x, Q 2 ,(1− y) 2 ) 2 years he-beam 2 π G 2 x
X = 0.1 - 0.125 Q2 = 2 - 4 GeV2 Kinematic cuts in (1-y) not shown (1-y)2 Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 49 Summary - Physics of the Proposal
Quasi-elastic Reaction - (A.Bodek), H. Budd and A. Mann
Precision measurement of σ(Eν) and dσ/dQ, constrain ν-beam systematics
Precision determination of FA Study of nuclear effects and their A-dependence e.g. proton intra-nuclear rescattering
Resonance Production (∆, N*..) Exclusive channels - A. Bodek and S. Wood Precision measurement of σ and dσ/dQ for individual channels Detailed comparison with dynamic models, comparison of electro- & photo production the resonance-DIS transition region -- duality Study of nuclear effects and their A-dependence e.g. 1 π <−− > 2 π <−−> 3 π final states
Nuclear Effects - A. Bruell, J. G. Morfín and D. Naples
Measure π and p multiplicities as a function of Eν and A : convolution of quark flavor- dependent nuclear effects and final-state intra-nuclear interactions
Measure NC/CC as a function of EH off different nuclei Measure shadowing, anti-shadowing and EMC-effect as well as flavor-dependent nuclear effects and extract nuclear parton distributions Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 50 Physics of the Proposal - continued
Total Cross-section and Structure Functions - C. Keppel and J. G. Morfín Precision measurement of low-energy total cross-section Understand resonance-DIS transition region - duality studies with neutrinos
Detailed study of high-xBj region: extract pdf’s and leading exponentials
Coherent Pion Production - H. Gallagher and Precision measurement of σ(Ε) for NC and CC channels Measurement of A-dependence Comparison with theoretical models models
MINERνA and Oscillation Physics - H. Gallagher and D. Harris ν ∆ 2θ MINER A measurements enable greater precision in measure of m, sin 23 in MINOS ν θ MINER A measurements fundamental for 13 in MINOS and off-axis experiments MINERνA measurements as foundation for measurement of possible CP and CPT violations in the ν−sector
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 51 Physics of the Proposal - continued
Strange and Charm Particle Production - (A. Mann), V. Paolone and N. Solomey,
Exclusive channel σ(Eν) precision measurements - importance for nucleon decay background studies. Hyperon Production yielding new measurements of CKM using ν
Exclusive charm production channels at charm threshold to constrain mc
Generalized Parton Distributions - R. Gilman, W. Melnitchouk and R. Ransome Provide unique combinations of GPDs, not accessible in electron scattering (e.g. C-odd, or valence-only GPDs), to map out a precise 3-dimensional image of the nucleon Provide better constraints on nucleon (nuclear) GPDs, leading to a more definitive determination of the orbital angular momentum carried by quarks and gluons in the nucleon (nucleus) provide constraints on axial form factors, including transition nucleon --> N* form factors
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 52 Rough Costs
Scintillator (3m x 3m, 20 K channels) $100 - $200 K Fibers (20 K channels) $100 K Steel for µ ID/spectrometer (40 cm thick) $50 K MAPMT - M64 Per channel tube ($15) $300K Electronics $75/channel $1,500 K SUM $1,800 K SUM ≈ $2.1 M + construction and installation costs ≈ $ 5.0 M
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 53 Response of the Fermilab PAC to EOI
We are “encouraged” to continue developing the physics, detector and collaboration in order to submit a formal Proposal.
An indication (quantitative) of how these results would aid neutrino oscillation experiments would be welcome.
A combined R&D program (representing the multiple EOIs) for detector + readout technology is encouraged.
ON SCHEDULE TO HAVE A COMPLETE PROPOSAL READY TO SUBMIT TO THE PAC BY THIS NOVEMBER.
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 54 Conclusions: NuMI ν Scattering Experiment
NuMI Beam is Intense and the ideal (perhaps only) place to do these measurements: yielding ≈ 860 K events/ton during MINOS approved run* yielding ≈ 1.6 M events/ton-year in the he-mode and 0.7 M events/ton-year in the me-mode. NuMI Near Hall: Plenty of space for new detector(s) in a fully outfitted experimental hall
NuMI ν − Scattering Physics: As just outlined. NuMI ν − Scattering Detector studies underway, phased installation: “solid scintillator” + planes of various A: 3 - 4 ton fiducial volume Plenty of Questions still to be answered
liquid H2 / D2 (/O/Ar): large target technically no challenge Preliminary costing suggests an experiment costing O($5M) ! Real and growing interest from both the NP and HEP communities. A very encouraging response from the Fermilab PAC to produce a formal Proposal! Proposal preparation underway with goal of submitting to PAC November 2003
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 55 INVITATION!
JOIN THE FERMILAB NEUTRINO PROGRAM!!
Neutrino Scattering in the NuMI Beam 56