Peopling of India
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Linguapax Review 2010 Linguapax Review 2010
LINGUAPAX REVIEW 2010 MATERIALS / 6 / MATERIALS Col·lecció Materials, 6 Linguapax Review 2010 Linguapax Review 2010 Col·lecció Materials, 6 Primera edició: febrer de 2011 Editat per: Amb el suport de : Coordinació editorial: Josep Cru i Lachman Khubchandani Traduccions a l’anglès: Kari Friedenson i Victoria Pounce Revisió dels textos originals en anglès: Kari Friedenson Revisió dels textos originals en francès: Alain Hidoine Disseny i maquetació: Monflorit Eddicions i Assessoraments, sl. ISBN: 978-84-15057-12-3 Els continguts d’aquesta publicació estan subjectes a una llicència de Reconeixe- ment-No comercial-Compartir 2.5 de Creative Commons. Se’n permet còpia, dis- tribució i comunicació pública sense ús comercial, sempre que se’n citi l’autoria i la distribució de les possibles obres derivades es faci amb una llicència igual a la que regula l’obra original. La llicència completa es pot consultar a: «http://creativecom- mons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/es/deed.ca» LINGUAPAX REVIEW 2010 Centre UNESCO de Catalunya Barcelona, 2011 4 CONTENTS PRESENTATION Miquel Àngel Essomba 6 FOREWORD Josep Cru 8 1. THE HISTORY OF LINGUAPAX 1.1 Materials for a history of Linguapax 11 Fèlix Martí 1.2 The beginnings of Linguapax 14 Miquel Siguan 1.3 Les débuts du projet Linguapax et sa mise en place 17 au siège de l’UNESCO Joseph Poth 1.4 FIPLV and Linguapax: A Quasi-autobiographical 23 Account Denis Cunningham 1.5 Defending linguistic and cultural diversity 36 1.5 La defensa de la diversitat lingüística i cultural Fèlix Martí 2. GLIMPSES INTO THE WORLD’S LANGUAGES TODAY 2.1 Living together in a multilingual world. -
1. Linguistics
Topical Report 1. Linguistics MILTON E. BARKER Received I6 April I962 The linguistic sessions of the Tenth Pacific Science Congress, held in Honolulu from 21 August to 6 September 1961, were well attended; and those present report an increased interest in the field of linguistics. The following resolutions were approved and adopted at the closing Plenary Session of the Congress: Current research on Austronesian and Papuan languages is inadequate for scientific needs, and some of them face imminent extinction unless prompt action is taken. Though estimates place the number of languages in the area close to a thousand, ap proximately a fourth or a fifth of the total for the entire world, only a few of the world's small group of linguists have worked in the Oceanic area. As prehistoric population movements in Oceania have been a major interest of this Congress, and as linguistic information constitutes a principal line of evidence toward the reconstruction of po pulation movements, large-scale expansion of bothdescriptive and comparativelinguistic studies is essential to the efficient exploitation of linguistic evidence. RESOLVED that all possible steps be taken to expand research on Pacific languages. Further linguistic surveys in Southeast Asia are needed. RESOLVED that every possible assistance and encouragement be given to institutions of the new nations of Southeast Asia wishing to make linguistic surveys of their peoples. A number of linguists interested in the languages of the Pacific Islands and neighbouring areas held a series of discussions at the Tenth Pacific Science Con gress how to keep themselves informed of each other's work and finally decided to produce a bibliographical publication to be called Oceanic Linguistics whose primary purpose is to provide up-to-date information on research in progress, recently completed, or recently published anywhere in the world. -
Linguistic History and Language Diversity in India: Views and Counterviews
J Biosci (2019) 44:62 Indian Academy of Sciences DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9879-1 (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,-volV) Linguistic history and language diversity in India: Views and counterviews SONAL KULKARNI-JOSHI Deccan College, Pune, India (Email, [email protected]) This paper addresses the theme of the seminar from the perspective of historical linguistics. It introduces the construct of ‘language family’ and then proceeds to a discussion of contact and the dynamics of linguistic exchange among the main language families of India over several millennia. Some prevalent hypotheses to explain the creation of India as a linguistic area are presented. The ‘substratum view’ is critically assessed. Evidence from historical linguistics in support of two dominant hypotheses –‘the Aryan migration view’ and ‘the out-of-India hypothesis’–is presented and briefly assessed. In conclusion, it is observed that the current understanding in historical linguistics favours the Aryan migration view though the ‘substratum view’ is questionable. Keywords. Aryan migration; historical linguistics; language family; Out-of-India hypothesis; substratum 1. Introduction the basis of social, political and cultural criteria more than linguistic criteria. The aim of this paper is to lend a linguistic perspective on This vast number of languages is classified into four (or the issue of human diversity and ancestry in India to the non- six) language families or genealogical types: Austro-Asiatic linguists at this seminar. The paper is an overview of the (Munda), Dravidian, Indo-Aryan (IA) and Tibeto-Burman; major views and evidences gleaned from the available more recently, two other language families have been literature. -
THE TEXTS, POLITICAL HISTORY and ADMINISTRATION Till C. 200 BC
History of Ancient India Volume III THE TEXTS, POLITICAL HISTORY AND ADMINISTRATION Till c. 200 BC Editors Dilip K. Chakrabarti and Makkhan Lal Vivekananda International Foundation New Delhi Aryan Books International New Delhi Cataloging in Publication Data—DK [Courtesy: D.K. Agencies (P) Ltd. <[email protected]>] History of ancient India / editors, Dilip K. Chakrabarti and Makkhan Lal. v. 3 cm. Contributed articles. Includes index. Contents: v. 3. The texts, political history and administration, till c. 200 BC. ISBN 9788173054822 1. India—History. 2. India—Politics and government. I. Chakrabarti, Dilip K., 1941- II. Makkhan Lal, 1954- III. Vivekananda International Foundation. DDC 954 23 ISBN: 978-81-7305-482-2 © Vivekananda International Foundation All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, utilised in any form or by any means, electronic and mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without prior permission of the authors and the publishers. Responsibility for statements made and visuals provided in the various papers rest solely with the contributors. The views expressed by individual authors are not necessarily those of the editors or of publishers. First Published in 2014 by Vivekananda International Foundation 3, San Martin Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi - 110 021 Tel.: 24121764, 24106698; Fax: 91-11-43115450 E-mail: [email protected] www.vifindia.org in association with Aryan Books International Pooja Apartments, 4B, Ansari Road, New Delhi - 110 002 Tel.: 23287589, 23255799; Fax: 91-11-23270385 E-mail: [email protected] www.aryanbooks.co.in Designed and Printed in India at ABI Prints & Publishing Co., New Delhi. -
Human Mtdna Hypervariable Regions, HVR I and II, Hint at Deep Common Maternal Founder and Subsequent Maternal Gene flow in Indian Population Groups
J Hum Genet (2005) 50: 497–506 DOI 10.1007/s10038-005-0284-2 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Swarkar Sharma Æ Anjana Saha Æ Ekta Rai Audesh Bhat Æ Ramesh Bamezai Human mtDNA hypervariable regions, HVR I and II, hint at deep common maternal founder and subsequent maternal gene flow in Indian population groups Received: 6 May 2005 / Accepted: 21 July 2005 / Published online: 5 October 2005 Ó The Japan Society of Human Genetics and Springer-Verlag 2005 Abstract We have analysed the hypervariable regions diversity in human populations is low relative to that in (HVR I and II) of human mitochondrial DNA many other species, attesting to the recent origin and (mtDNA) in individuals from Uttar Pradesh (UP), Bihar small size of the ancestral human population (Li and (BI) and Punjab (PUNJ), belonging to the Indo-Euro- Sadler 1991; Crouau-Roy et al 1996; Kaessmann et al pean linguistic group, and from South India (SI), that 1999). Since the seminal study of Cann et al (1987), have their linguistic roots in Dravidian language. Our mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data have proven to be analysis revealed the presence of known and novel extremely useful for studying human evolution, includ- mutations in both hypervariable regions in the studied ing prehistoric migrations and demographic events such population groups. Median joining network analyses as sudden population expansions or extreme bottlenecks based on mtDNA showed extensive overlap in mtDNA (Sherry et al 1994). lineages despite the extensive cultural and linguistic The human mtDNA is a closed circular genome of diversity. MDS plot analysis based on Fst distances 16.5 kb in length (Anderson et al 1981), which includes suggested increased maternal genetic proximity for the a 1.1 kb-long noncoding (control) region that represents studied population groups compared with other world a highly variable sequence (Greenberg et al 1983; Melton populations. -
Genetic Study of Dravidian Castes of Tamil Nadu
c Indian Academy of Sciences RESEARCH NOTE Genetic study of Dravidian castes of Tamil Nadu S. KANTHIMATHI, M. VIJAYA and A. RAMESH Department of Genetics, Dr ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, India Introduction The present study was carried out in Tamil Nadu, one of southern states of India, with a population of about 62 million The origin and settlement of Indian people still intrigues sci- people (Census of India 2001). Based on the religion, caste entists studying the impact of past and modern migrations and socio-economic status, over 400 endogamous groups are on the genetic diversity and structure of contemporary pop- present in this state, and their size and distribution varies ulations. About 10,000 years ago, proto-Dravidian Neolithic widely. They are known to have received extensive gene flow farmers from Afghanistan entered the Indian subcontinent, from different caste and linguistic groups of other regions of and were later displaced southwards by a large influx of India. Thus, the biological status of the present-day groups ∼ Indo–European speakers 3500 years ago (Majumder et al. can be considered as ‘immigrants’ at varying periods of time. 1999). The present study aims to describe the genetic diver- Many of the caste groups have subcastes maintaining endog- sity and relationships between the Dravidian caste popula- amous status to some extent (Singh 1998). tions of Tamil Nadu, in an attempt to better understand the Insertion by retroposition of mobile genomic elements contemporary people of this state. We studied nine human- such as the Alu family is a dynamic type of genetic change / specific indels (insertion deletion polymorphisms) in DNA in the human genome (Rowold and Herrera 2000). -
The Expression of Modifiers and Arguments in the Noun Phrase and Beyond a Typological Study Van Rijn, M.A
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The expression of modifiers and arguments in the noun phrase and beyond A typological study van Rijn, M.A. Publication date 2017 Document Version Final published version License Other Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): van Rijn, M. A. (2017). The expression of modifiers and arguments in the noun phrase and beyond: A typological study. LOT. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:24 Sep 2021 455220 Marlou van Rijn Marlou van Rijn Marlou van Rijn The expression of modifiers The expression of modifiers and arguments and arguments in the noun in the noun phrase and beyond phrase and beyond A typological study A typological study A major semantic distinction obtaining in phrases and clauses is that between in the noun phrase and beyond The expression of modifiers and arguments modifiers and arguments. -
Mountains of Asia a Regional Inventory
International Centre for Integrated Asia Pacific Mountain Mountain Development Network Mountains of Asia A Regional Inventory Harka Gurung Copyright © 1999 International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development All rights reserved ISBN: 92 9115 936 0 Published by International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development GPO Box 3226 Kathmandu, Nepal Photo Credits Snow in Kabul - Madhukar Rana (top) Transport by mule, Solukhumbu, Nepal - Hilary Lucas (right) Taoist monastry, Sichuan, China - Author (bottom) Banaue terraces, The Philippines - Author (left) The Everest panorama - Hilary Lucas (across cover) All map legends are as per Figure 1 and as below. Mountain Range Mountain Peak River Lake Layout by Sushil Man Joshi Typesetting at ICIMOD Publications' Unit The views and interpretations in this paper are those of the author(s). They are not attributable to the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) and do not imply the expression of any opinion concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Preface ountains have impressed and fascinated men by their majesty and mystery. They also constitute the frontier of human occupancy as the home of ethnic minorities. Of all the Mcontinents, it is Asia that has a profusion of stupendous mountain ranges – including their hill extensions. It would be an immense task to grasp and synthesise such a vast physiographic personality. Thus, what this monograph has attempted to produce is a mere prolegomena towards providing an overview of the regional setting along with physical, cultural, and economic aspects. The text is supplemented with regional maps and photographs produced by the author, and with additional photographs contributed by different individuals working in these regions. -
Modelling Population Dispersal and Language Origins During the Last 120,000 Years
Modelling population dispersal and language origins during the last 120,000 years Professor Harald Sverdrup Lund Universtity, Sweden Purpose l Model the dispersal of humans out of Africa l Model the divergence of language with time l Investigate the impact of agriculture on archaic language distribution patterns Method and basics l Demic diffusion l Substrate supported population growth l Environmental regulation of growth intensity l Distributed mathematical model l STELLA modelling environment Neolithic Mesolithic population Demic diffusion population 1 Population density Geographical distance When the nucear area reaches saturation density, then a wave 2 of advance starts to propagate Population density Outward from the core area. The Geographical distance rate is approximately 1,000 km per millennium on flat plains, but 3 the rate slows down significantly Population density under difficult environmental Geographical distance conditions and rough topography 4 Population density Geographical distance Basic population+ model Migration + Population density + - + + Birth rate Population Mortality - + + - - Water Soil fertility The competition model + Agricultural land R Farmer Mesolithic population population + + R + Hunting - areas for mesolithic - population Essential equations For each geographic element, we have: p/t=increase + D(in) - D(out) + growth + migration The general equation of continuity leads to: p/t=D * nabla2(p) + Q* nabla(p) + r Population growth is modelled as a first order growth equation with balancing and rate modifying -
Malay Minorities in the Tenasserim Coast
ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement Volume 4 Number 1 July Article 12 7-31-2020 Malay minorities in The Tenasserim coast Ma Tin Cho Mar Department of South East Asian Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, [email protected] Pham Huong Trang International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/ajce Part of the Polynesian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Mar, Ma Tin Cho and Trang, Pham Huong (2020). Malay minorities in The Tenasserim coast. ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement, 4(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.7454/ajce.v4i1.1069 Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 License. This Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Universitas Indonesia at ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement. It has been accepted for inclusion in ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement. Ma Tin Cho Mar, Pham Huong Trang | ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement | Volume 4, Number 1, 2020 Malay minorities in The Tenasserim coast Ma Tin Cho Mara*, Pham Huong Trangb aDepartment of South East Asian Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia bInternational School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam Received: December 29th, 2019 || Revised: January 30th, 2020 || Accepted: July 29th, 2020 Abstract This paper discusses the Malay Minorities of the Malay Minorities in the Tenasserim Coast. And Tanintharyi Division is an administrative region of Myanmar at present. When we look closely at some of the interesting historical facts, we see that this region is “Tanao Si” in Thai, or Tanah Sari in Malay. -
Genetic Sketch of the Six Population Groups of Rajasthan
ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE Vol. 119(3), 259–264, 2011 Genetic sketch of the six population groups of Rajasthan: a study based on 12 autosomal loci Rima DADA1, Kallur Nava SARASWATHY2*, Khangembam Somibabu MEITEI2, Prakash Ranjan MONDAL2, Harpreet KAUR3, Kiran KUCHERIA1, Seema BHARDWAJ4, Gaznavi IDRIS1 1Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi 110029, India 2Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India 3INCLEN Trust International India, Delhi 110020, India 4University of Banswara, Banswara 327001, India Received 26 August 2010; accepted 11 January 2011 Abstract Rajasthan lies on the northwest border of India, and has acted as a major route for human movements since prehistoric and historic times. The present study was conducted to gain an insight into inter- and intrapopulation affinities or variations among the six population groups of Rajasthan. DNA samples from 221 unrelated individuals belonging to six endogamous population groups of Rajasthan, including both tribal (Bhil, Damaria, Garasia, Mina and Saharia) and caste populations (Rajput) were screened for 12 DNA (seven Alu indel and five RFLP) markers. All the loci were found to be polymorphic in all the studied populations. The GST values which determine the genetic differ- entiation between the population ranges from 1.5% in LPL to 8.7% in APO. This study suggests that the population groups of Rajasthan are genetically close to other Indian populations, reflecting a com- mon genetic unity among the Indian populations. The study also indicates European gene flow into the populations studied in this paper. Key words: Autosomal markers, common linguistic group, genetic affinity, genetic differentiation Introduction the Indus Valley civilization that is approximately 4500 years old, but disappeared about 3500 BP. -
A Dictionary of Linguistics
MID-CENTURY REFERENCE LIBRARY DAGOBERT D. RUNES, Ph.D., General Editor AVAILABLE Dictionary of Ancient History Dictionary of the Arts Dictionary of European History Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases Dictionary of Linguistics Dictionary of Mysticism Dictionary of Mythology Dictionary of Philosophy Dictionary of Psychoanalysis Dictionary of Science and Technology Dictionary of Sociology Dictionary of Word Origins Dictionary of World Literature Encyclopedia of Aberrations Encyclopedia of the Arts Encyclopedia of Atomic Energy Encyclopedia of Criminology Encyclopedia of Literature Encyclopedia of Psychology Encyclopedia of Religion Encyclopedia of Substitutes and Synthetics Encyclopedia of Vocational Guidance Illustrated Technical Dictionary Labor Dictionary Liberal Arts Dictionary Military and Naval Dictionary New Dictionary of American History New Dictionary of Psychology Protestant Dictionary Slavonic Encyclopedia Theatre Dictionary Tobacco Dictionary FORTHCOMING Beethoven Encyclopedia Dictionary of American Folklore Dictionary of American Grammar and Usage Dictionary of American Literature Dictionary of American Maxims Dictionary of American Proverbs Dictionary of American Superstitions Dictionary of American Synonyms Dictionary of Anthropology Dictionary of Arts and Crafts Dictionary of Asiatic History Dictionary of Astronomy Dictionary of Child Guidance Dictionary of Christian Antiquity Dictionary of Discoveries and Inventions Dictionary of Etiquette Dictionary of Forgotten Words Dictionary of French Literature Dictionary of Geography