N e w s & V i e w s f r o m t h e S u s t ai n ab l e S o u t h w e s t

Linda Pedro (1946-2015) Reflections on a Río Arriba Wise Woman 2015 Santa Fe Energy Summit Pathway to a More Vital Local Food System

September 2015 Northern New Mexico’s Largest Distribution Newspaper Vol. 7 No. 9 2 Green Fire Times • September 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • September 2015 3 El Rito Studio Tour October 3rd & 4th 10 am – 5 pm

Between Abiquiu and Ojo Caliente on scenic Highway 554

www.elritostudiotour.org (575) 581-4679

The El Rito Studio Tour is funded in part by the County of Rio Arriba Lodgers’ Tax and is fiscally sponsored by Luciente, Inc., a 501c3.

4 Green Fire Times • September 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com Vol. 7, No. 9 • September 2015 Issue No. 77 Publisher Green Fire Publishing, LLC Skip Whitson News & Views from the Sustainable Southwest Associate Publisher Barbara E. Brown Winner of the Sustainable Santa Fe Award for Outstanding Educational Project Editor-in-chief Contents Seth Roffman 2015 Santa Fe Energy Summit...... 7 Art Director Anna C. Hansen, Dakini Design New Mexico Renewable Energy Newsbites...... 8 arth nternational onference Copy Editors E USA 2015 I C ...... 9 Stephen Klinger Pathway to a More Vital Local Food System ...... 10 Susan Clair End of the Long Journey on El Camino Real...... 12 Webmaster: Karen Shepherd Linda Pedro: Warrior for the Disabled ...... 16 Contributing Writers Dick Brown, J. Michael Combs, Mary Frei, From Independence to Interdependence: Coming Home Connection...... 16 José Griego, Suzanne Jamison, Alejandro López, Judith K. Moore, Jim Parker, B.J. hen inda edro an for the ew exico tate enate Pheiffer, Seth Roffman, Hilario E. Romero, W L P R N M S S ...... 17 Camilla Trujillo Linda Martínez de Pedro Interview Excerpts...... 20 Contributing Photographers inda and eyote Evalyn Bemis, Anna C. Hansen, Lisa Law, L P ...... 21 Alejandro López, Seth Roffman, Hilario E. Linda and the American Church of God ...... 21 Romero, Tony Vinella A Tribute to Linda Pedro...... 24 PUBLISHER’S ASSISTANTs Cisco Whitson-Brown Linda Pedro Is Alive in my Memory ...... 24 Advertising Sales inda edro and the istoric arch gainst rugs and iolence Skip Whitson 505.471.5177 L P H M A D V ...... 25 [email protected] New Mexico Land Conservancy Awarded National Accreditation...... 29 Anna C. Hansen 505.982.0155 [email protected] Newsbites...... 10, 11, 15, 37 Robyn Montoya 505.692.4477 What’s Going On:...... 38 [email protected] Lisa Powers, 505.629.2655 [email protected] Niki Nicholson 505.490.6265 Linda Pedro: A Remembrance by Camilla Trujillo [email protected] inda Martínez de Pedro was the only child of Ramona Martínez and James Allander, and the adopted Albuquerque: Shelley Shilvock 505-492-5869, daughter of Bertha and Vincent Groves. Her mind and heart were engaged in life, on life’s terms. On Good [email protected] Fridays,L she opened her home to the walkers headed to El Santuario, complementing the special day of fasting Distribution and prayer with a meatless meal that all could take part in. She blessed those heading out for the remaining three Barbara Brown, Susan Clair, Co-op Dist. Services, miles and asked them carry her prayers with them. Nick García, Niki Nicholson, Andy Otterstrom (Creative Couriers), Daniel Rapatz, Tony Rapatz, Wuilmer Rivera, Andrew Tafoya, Skip Whitson In retrospect, one could say that Linda was born with a special assignment: improve the quality of life for those perceived as the “weak link” of society—those who were disabled, like herself. With her keen mind and courageous Circulation: 30,000 copies Printed locally with 100% soy ink on heart, Linda challenged the federal legal system, creating a standard of care that enabled everyone to pursue life, 100% recycled, chlorine-free paper liberty and happiness in the safety and comfort of their own home. Linda knew there was prejudice toward disabled Green Fire Times people. She countered this by greeting everyone with a warm smile and a genuine curiosity. c/o The Sun Companies P.O. Box 5588, SF, NM 87502-5588 Because Linda cultivated a habit of saying “yes” to life, she insisted that those of us 505.471.5177 • [email protected] around her do the same. Good food, stimulating conversation, critical thinking and © 2015 Green Fire Publishing, LLC an appreciation of our traditional New Mexican lifestyle were the norm. Because of the severity of Linda’s injuries, she worked hard to maintain a comfort level. In Green Fire Times provides useful information for order to avoid the side-effects that came with the use of prescription painkillers, community members, business people, students and Linda became a champion of meditation, massage and molecular healing practices. visitors—anyone interested in discovering the wealth of opportunities and resources in the Southwest. In She was proud that, through her diligence, she had never developed bedsores in support of a more sustainable planet, topics covered over 50 years of being disabled. Linda set the bar high, and while it was not always range from green businesses, jobs, products, services, easy being her relative, friend, or assistant, it was certainly interesting. She was the entrepreneurship, investing, design, building and energy—to native perspectives on history, arts & consummate teacher. culture, ecotourism, education, sustainable agriculture, regional cuisine, water issues and the healing arts. To Linda died on Jan. 13, 2015. In this year of remembrance, we invite you to join us as our publisher, a more sustainable planet also means we pause to appreciate this amazing woman and the life she lived. i maximizing environmental as well as personal health by minimizing consumption of meat and alcohol. Camilla Trujillo is from the Española Valley. She is a potter, herb-crafter and author of the book, Green Fire Times is widely distributed throughout Española (Arcadia Publishing, 2011) north-central New Mexico. Feedback, announcements, event listings, advertising and article submissions to be considered for publication are welcome. COVER: Linda Pedro (1992). Photo by Alejandro López • Chimayó weaving by Rita Padilla Haufmann www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • September 2015 5 State Fair Public Portrait Project Photographers: Brian K. Edwards, Anna C. Hansen, Carrie McCarthy, Alan Myers, Roberta Price & others

September 9 – October 16, 2015 Opening Reception Friday, September 11th, 5 – 8 pm. © Anna C. Hansen © Anna Meet Me at the Fair NM STATE FAIR September 10-20, 2015

“Under the Tuscan Sun” exposition July through September Featuring an art tower of Italian Landscapes by European artist, Raquel Sarangello 2874 HWY 14 N MADRID, NM

6 Green Fire Times • September 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com 2015 Santa Fe Energy Summit Seth Roffman

n Aug. 12, Santa Fe Community College hosted the 2015 Santa Fe Energy Summit. Federal, state, tribal and local public officials gathered to share ideas aboutO the changing face of energy generation and New Mexico’s potentially pivotal role in determining the course of the United States’ energy future.

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Deputy Secretary Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall, who happens to be a Santa Fe resident, gave the keynote speech and participated in a Q&A with U.S. Sen. Martin Heinrich (D-NM), moderated by Santa Fe Mayor Javier Gonzales.

A Microgrid Panel discussed emerging options such as community solar initiatives and decentralized microgrids to manage energy use, as well as energy storage advancements that can cut renewables’ costs and allow time-shifting of electricity to when it is most Top: U.S. Sen. needed. An Energy-Water Nexus Panel discussed hydropower, long-term strategies Martin Heinrich and for groundwater, wastewater and what it would take to achieve sustainable water U.S. DOE Deputy use. Heinrich participated in a Tribal Energy Panel that examined renewable energy Secretary Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall; options. “Many tribal leaders have come to me and said, ‘This is power that we believe Above: SF Mayor is consistent with our values, and it’s what our young people want to see.’ Let’s get Javier Gonzales together and find some projects we can move forward on,’’ Heinrich said. © Seth R offman “In Washington there are a lot of people who don’t “This legislation puts solar energy within reach for more Americans,” Heinrich said. understand how quickly clean energy is becoming “Families with solar panels on their rooftops already know firsthand how solar can the industry standard.” – Sen. Martin Heinrich reduce energy costs at home. With more than 300 days of sun in New Mexico, this tremendous resource should continue to be harnessed as an economic engine for our Sherwood-Randall said, “With 19,000 full-time employees at the [Los Alamos and state. Extending the solar tax credit for families is a great way to achieve that.” Sandia National] laboratories, New Mexico is at the center of much of what the DOE does. …Climate change is shifting the playing field on how we make decisions. Since Heinrich also has introduced a bill to encourage community solar projects, similar to President Obama took office, solar prices have come down 75 percent, and solar jobs New Mexico’s first community-owned solar garden at Taos Charter School. The Promote have grown 20 times more than the economy as a whole. The president’s Clean Power Renewable Energy Shared Solar (PRESS) Act would require states to consider adopting Plan will provide technical assistance to help states set their own energy paths. The new standards that allow community solar projects to be connected to the grid and allow plan also helps those laid off from coal power plants.” electricity produced by shared solar facilities to be credited to consumers, offsetting their electricity bills. Currently, 12 states and the District of Columbia have shared renewable- “It’s a challenging time right now,” Heinrich said. “In Washington there are a lot energy policies in place. “Shared solar projects have the potential to allow more Americans of people who don’t understand how quickly clean energy is becoming the industry who lack sunny roof space or startup capital to truly benefit from solar energy and take standard, both in terms of new generation, as well as the most cost-competitive power personal ownership over their own energy use and carbon footprint.” Heinrich said. sources that we’re now seeing being brought online around the country. Santa Fe Community College, a school committed to delivering a green workforce, “It’s important to bring New Mexico’s ranking in exploitation of our renewable resources was an appropriate site for the summit. “Green jobs, as they relate to energy, pay more more in line with their availability,” Heinrich added. “We have this huge potential, and we because of the special and technical skills that are needed,” said Mayor Gonzales. need to make our reality and our potential come together, and that’s what this conference “As the senator and others continue to push for our potential to meet reality, we’re is all about. We should be producing distributed, clean energy for our own consumers here training people, getting them ready to go out and retrofit homes, install solar panels, in the state. And we should also be producing clean energy for our neighbors because we learn about micro-grid technology, which will allow us to truly talk about how we have some of the best wind potential in the entire nation, but that currently is stranded secure an energy future that is independent from some of the traditional sources of because we don’t have adequate transmission. That’s something we are working to change. energy, like coal, that heavily rely on big transmission systems that ratepayers pay Only Arizona has better solar potential than we do. As we employ those things, what we’ve quite a bit of money for.” i seen is that they are creating great jobs. There are now 1,600 people working on distributed Seth Roffman is editor-in-chief of Green Fire Times. solar here in the state. Those are people who go to work every day excited about what they are doing for their neighbors. Strengthening Our Energy Infrastructure “It’s hard to reconcile that kind of potential with the fact that we see our governor veto solar tax incentives when this is, right now, the job creator in our state; or that Sen. Heinrich has also been working to advance other legislation, including: she vetoed funding the Legislature approved for the Renewable Energy Transmission • The Energy Storage Promotion and Deployment Act would set national targets Authority. RETA is an entity that allows us to leverage billions in investment from for energy storage in order to meet the growing demand on the electrical grid and other places in the transmission, so we can take our clean energy and share it as well encourage integration of solar and wind energy. Increased use of energy storage can improve reliability, lower costs and defer or reduce the need to invest in as produce it and consume it right here. infrastructure, such as new power lines. Additionally, energy storage is instrumental “We look to cities for leadership,” Heinrich went on. “Santa Fe is able to lead on its own. for energy preparedness because of its ability to provide backup power. They’re doing that because the mayor is making it a priority, the City Council is making • The Renewable Energy Standard (RES) would allow utilities to generate 30 it a priority; the community has said, ‘We want to see progress on this.’ ” percent of their electricity from renewable sources by 2030.

Heinrich has introduced a bill to extend the Residential Solar Tax Credit by five • The Tribal Tax Incentive for Renewable Energy Act would allow tribal governments to take advantage of existing federal renewable-energy investment years to help families pay for residential clean-energy equipment, such as solar tax credits the same way any private developer already does. photovoltaics, solar hot water heaters, geothermal heat pumps and small wind turbines. www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • September 2015 7 New Mexico Renewable Energy Newsbites Wind Power in New Mexico New Mexico on Track to Surpass According to the U.S. Department of Energy’s new Wind Technologies Market 2022 Clean Power Plan Goal Report, New Mexico is 13th among states for wind-power generation capacity In August, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released its final Clean installed in 2014 (35 megawatts) and 18th for total wind power installed through Power Plan—a rule requiring states to reduce carbon emissions from power plants last year. Texas led the pack for new wind power installed in 2014 (1,811 MW) and leading to a 32 percent reduction below 2005 levels by 2030 nationwide. also leads for total wind power installed through that year. Also in August, the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) released a national analysis Seven percent of New Mexico’s power is generated by wind, the report says. titled “States of Progress,” showing that through actions already taken, New Mexico is well-positioned to surpass its 2022 emissions-reduction benchmark and will be New Mexico Solar Financing 63 percent of the way toward meeting its 2030 target under the Clean Power Plan. Guide for Homeowners New Mexico is one of 21 states on track to surpass their 2022 Clean Power Plan Due, in part, to the price of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems having come down benchmarks and one of 20 states that will be more than halfway toward meeting their dramatically in recent years, the number of New Mexicans installing solar on their 2030 Clean Power Plan target. homes is the highest ever. At the same time, the increased number of solar vendors can make the decision-making process seem more complicated for homeowners. Albuquerque’s Remote Energy Invited to the White House Thanks to the recent release of a free solar financing guide from the New Mexico The only company fromN ew Mexico invited to attend the first White HouseD emo Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department (EMNRD), choosing the Day was Remote Energy of Albuquerque. The event hosted by President Obama right solar PV financing option just became a bit easier. was designed to promote diversity and provide innovative startup founders from The new guide, “A New Mexico Homeowner’s Guide to Solar Financing: Leases, across the country an opportunity to showcase their innovations in front of other Loans and PPAs,” was developed by the EMNRD in collaboration with the Clean entrepreneurs and leading businesspeople. Energy States Alliance and the U.S. Department of Energy SunShot Initiative. It Remote Energy’s president/co-owner Patrick Murphy (Navajo) received the is available as a download from the EMNRD website (www.emnrd.state.nm.us/ invitation just weeks before he was at the White House on Aug. 4 explaining his ECMD/RenewableEnergy/solar.html). The guide compares advantages and company’s solar systems, which were designed for remote areas of the Navajo Nation disadvantages of each option, as well as how they compare to a cash purchase. It also and other areas where people commonly use generators for electricity and propane features a set of questions for homeowners to ask during the decision-making process for cooking. and clarifies key financing terms homeowners should be familiar with. Murphy says that Remote Energy’s solar system can save a typical Navajo family about The state ofN ew Mexico offers a SolarM arket Development Tax Credit, which pays $600 a month. A family can lease the ground-based system, with the company acting up to 10 percent (up to $9,000) of a solar PV or solar thermal system, on top of the like a utility. Backup batteries provide nighttime power for homes. The company 30 percent federal tax credit. has installed prototypes and is seeking investors for commercial-scale production.

8 Green Fire Times • September 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com Earth USA 2015 • Intl. Conference Oct. 2–4 in Santa Fe Architecture and Construction with Earthen Materials dobe bricks, made from the most A three-day conference pass costs basic elements—earth and water— $300. A three-day student pass is $150. Acan be produced in abundance and then One-day passes are $150/$75. For more used to build locally where they are information and registration, visit www. needed most. It has been demonstrated earthusa.org, www.adobeinaction.org by indigenous populations throughout The conference is organized by Adobe the southwestern United States that in Action (AiA), a Santa Fe–based communities working together can build nonprofit organization that provides efficient and sustainable housing. Many live and Internet-based instruction in pueblos in New Mexico are a testament adobe construction. AiA courses are to a synergy between community and aligned with existing academic and Adobe Vault—Abiquiú, New Mexico sustainability, and adobe exists there as The side walls of José Gerónimo Márquez’s vaulted adobe chapel were built with professional earthbuilding institutions to a time-tested and trusted glue. standard New Mexico adobe bricks. The roof was constructed with special adobe contribute to nationally bricks using a Nubian vault technique. The space was closed by a vaulted roof, one recognized certification arch at a time. Márquez will be presenting his project as a podium speaker at the in adobe construction. Earth USA 2015 Conference. AiA Education Director Kurt Gardella also teaches college-level adobe courses at Santa Fe Community College and is offering an adobe wall workshop there from Oct. 8–11.

With volunteer labor, Horno-Build, Tucson, Arizona Adobe in Action makes Adobe in Action student Jeremy Weiss and instructor Kurt adobe bricks available Gardella work on the base wall and banco of an horno oven free of charge to low- at a recent workshop. to moderate-income individuals and families Passive-solar adobe structures combine Swan House, Presidio, Texas that wish to build their own homes the natural power of the sun with the Adobe Alliance instructor Stevan de la Rosa prepares a group of students for and to other nonprofits working on great thermal storage capacity of adobe construction of a new adobe brick vaulted roof. The Nubian vault leans on end walls community development projects.i to reduce heating and cooling costs. that are also constructed of adobe bricks. Guide strings are used to keep the vault straight as it encloses the space below, one arch at a time. No form-work is used to The three major passive-solar adobe construct the vault; it goes up in mid-air. Simone Swan will be presenting on the topic: systems are direct-gain, Trombe wall and Hassan Fathy, the Prophet of Mud Architecture at Earth USA 2015. greenhouse.

The Eighth International Conference on Architecture and Construction with Earthen Materials will take place Oct. 2–4 in the St. Francis Auditorium at the New Mexico Museum of Art in Santa Fe. The biennial conference will feature podium presentations and poster sessions related to the current state of architecture and construction with earthen materials. This will include adobe, rammed earth, compressed earth block (CEB), monolithic adobe (cob) and other materials and methods that utilize clay as a binder. October 5 and 6 will be dedicated to tours of local and regional earthbuilding sites. There will also be pre- and post-conference earthbuilding workshops in Santa Fe, Las Cruces and online. Continuing Education credits are available through the American Institute of Architects (AIA). www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • September 2015 9 Pathway to a More Vital Local Food System The Natural Evolution of New Mexico’s Acequia Culture B.J. Pheiffer

s most New Mexicans know, acequias—centuries-old cooperative irrigation Competing with these giants was vital to family farm survival. systems found throughout New Mexico’s Hispanic communities—refer to both irrigationA ditches and the community of farmers organized around them. Acequias, Many corporations had created buying and selling combines, with arms-length farm cooperatives and rural electric co-ops have long populated New Mexico’s transactions among their own holdings, to eliminate competition, corner and depress landscape for many reasons. markets for raw materials and maintain high prices for manufactured and processed products. President Theodore Roosevelt described this era in his autobiography: “A Cooperatives help small agricultural producers solve numerous challenges related to riot for individualistic freedom for the individual… turned out in practice to mean their remoteness, lack of access to pricing information for inputs and food in national perfect freedom for the strong to wrong the weak.” Laws to control the power of the and international markets, access to loans, lack of transport and other infrastructure. giant corporations were archaic and impotent to help the agricultural producer. Agricultural cooperatives can help farmers by offering group purchasing and by helping them innovate and adapt to changing markets. Importantly, cooperatives facilitate Rocky Mountain Farmers’ Union farmers’ participation in decision-making processes and help small producers increase In this historical setting, Farmers’ Union leaders began creating strong working their negotiating power to influence policy-making. relationships. That cooperative spirit remains a cornerstone of Rocky Mountain Farmers Union today. Rocky Mountain Farmers Union is a cooperative that helps New Mexico’s agricultural sector is an important employment creator. The Cooperative organize Colorado, Wyoming and New Mexico cooperatives to support family farms. Development Center of New Mexico (CODECE) works closely with communities “to form business cooperatives that provide long-term economic security and increase Cooperatives allowed independent farms to gain equity in the marketplace. They quality of life,” specifically in Indigenous, Mexicano and Chicano communities. enhanced farm bargaining power with the giants of industry, helped reduce exploitation of farm producers and prevented price-gouging.

Collaborative, economically interdependent The Rocky Mountain Farmers Union Cooperative and Development Center’s Co-op enterprises that interweave consumers, Center has worked with and facilitated the growth of over 80 cooperatives, LLCs, and other associations and partnerships. Their successes include the Colorado Farm and producers and services Art Market, Family Farmers Seed Cooperative, Organic Seed Alliance, Mountain As evidenced with the recent successes of sustainable agriculture in Virginia and States Lamb Cooperative, La Montañita Food Cooperative and the High Plains Tennessee, a strong growers’ network can strengthen profitability, increase local food Food Cooperative. security and build community. An increased number of farmers’ cooperatives in New The SW Cooperative Development Center Mexico, accompanied by an increase in rural and urban cooperative markets, would Yet another regional institution, The Southwest Cooperative Development Center, provide strength and resilience to New Mexico farmers. Shared resources—farm works to improve economic conditions for New Mexico’s rural communities through equipment, refrigerated trucks, cold storage, processing facilities and labor—could cooperative and mutually owned businesses, particularly related to healthy food leverage resources, facilitate the cross-pollination of business and agricultural skills access, and local and regional food systems. and provide a boon to farmers’ efficiency. Marketing cooperatives, supply cooperatives, construction cooperatives and others could provide additional, much needed resources. Santa Fe’s New Democratic Food Cooperative Greenhouse Grocery, a traditional food cooperative about to take root on Rufina Street Cooperative Culture Worldwide in mid-Santa Fe, is inspired by successful historical examples that provide a useful Cooperatives emerged as a historic response by ordinary people to meet their own continued on page 26 basic needs. In the wake of industrialization, cooperative principles were codified in the Rochdale Principles in 1844. In addition to the oft-quoted Seven Cooperative Greenhouse Grocery Inks Principles, cooperatives share values that give them their distinctive character. In Land Purchase Agreement the tradition of their founders, cooperatives believe in the ethical values of honesty, openness, social responsibility and caring for others. Greenhouse Grocery and Salman Enterprises have signed an agreement allowing the grocery to purchase four acres of the former Santa Fe Greenhouses at 2904 Co-ops were, and continue to be, sustainable social and financial institutions. People Rufina Street, off Siler Road. Slated to open July 2016, the site is to be home to a join because being with others in community, staying active and, above all, having a new, mid-city cooperative grocery whose mission is to serve the entire community, sense of one’s value in society, are important to them. For many, cooperatives are an providing healthy, nutritious food at affordable prices. In so doing, the grocery’s founders are aiming for food equity and security, economic resilience and extension of the responsibilities of citizenship. community empowerment. For more information, visit greenhousegrocery.coop Globally, cooperative culture has been one of collaborative, economically interdependent enterprises that interweave consumers, producers and services. Guided by an earnest solidarity for members and fellow organizations, cooperative regions create prosperity during good times and resilience during difficult ones. Governed by binding democratic values for management, ownership and operations, cooperatives and their members are philosophically attuned to working together. Often heard among the more than 300 cooperative groceries in the U.S is the motto, “Stronger Together.” The Rise of the Farmers’ Cooperatives At the turn of the 20th century, facing the growth of corporate agribusiness and increasing monopolization of agricultural markets, family farmers and ranchers recognized cooperatives as an effective tool to help them remain economically viable.

During the decades following the Civil War, corporate interests established sometimes ruthless control over large segments of American commerce: banking interests, the railroads, the meat trust, the sugar trust, giant urban life insurance companies.

10 Green Fire Times • September 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com 2015 Taos Fall Arts Festival • Sept. 25 – Oct. 4 The 2015 Taos Fall Arts Festival includes several distinct art shows held at six locations along a 0.7-mile walking tour through Taos’ central core. The Chile Line bus will offer free rides for those not willing or able to walk. Events include: The Taos Select, an independently juried competition featuring over 200 works from Taos County artists in a range of media; The Taos Open at the Guadalupe Gym behind Our Lady of Guadalupe Church showcasing emerging as well as established artists and including youth art, fashion and wearable art and jewelry, along with other visual arts. September 25 and 26, 1 p.m.to 10 p.m., is The Paseo (www.paseotaos.org). Forty-eight international artists and artist collectives will transform Taos’ historic district with 25 experimental, ephemeral, interactive, “unhangable” artworks/performances.

On Oct. 1 and 2 at 7 p.m., the free Taos Environmental Film Festival, dedicated to the Río Grande del Norte National Monument and Columbine-Hondo Wilderness campaigns, will take place at the Taos Center for the Arts. Thirteen short films from the Wild & Scenic Film Festivals will celebrate the beauty of the oceans, mountains, rivers and wildlife around the world while shining a spotlight on the fragility of our planet.

The Taos Arts Festival also includes guided tours at public art collections, satellite theater presentations and additional satellite art shows throughout Taos. The opening weekend also features Trade Fair Days at the Martínez Hacienda. The closing weekend coincides with the Taos Wool Festival in Kit Carson Park. For more information, visit http://www.taosfallarts.com

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www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • September 2015 11 p. 259. (Emphasis in original article) End of the Long Journey on El Camino Real La Merced de La Majada y La Caja del Río Part 2 Hilario E. Romero

art One of this article, in the July issue of Green Fire Times, covered the history of La Ciénega and La Cieneguilla pueblos and land grants along “El Camino Real.” IP explained how these pueblos and Spanish land-grant villages were connected through family and trade with villages on the east side moving toward La Villa Real de San Francisco de La Santa Fe. To the west of La Ciénega and La Cieneguilla, there were two other land-grant communities: La Caja del Río and La Majada. They too were connected by family and trade. La Majada was granted shortly after the Entrada and subsequent reconquest of New Mexico by Governor and Capitán General Diego de Vargas in 1693–96. The King of Spain gave these grants of land to groups of settlers that promised to establish communities and to soldiers for their service to the Spanish Militia. Competing land claims, contested over centuries of different controlling entities This connected history is a history of Santa Fe because many of these families resided first in Santa Fe, raised their children and moved away, but not far. They needed a sustainable environment in which to raise their own stock and agricultural products © H ilario R omero and not depend on others. As a result, much of the land that sustained them has La Tetilla Peak, Santa Fe County 2015 continued to be used today or is still viable for agriculture.

This is the last of the four articles that connects the ancient pueblos and six land grants with the end of “El Camino Real” to “La Villa Real.” These articles show that without these connected pueblos and grants, Santa Fe would not have been able to grow to become the capital of “La Provincia de Nuevo México.” This forgotten history adds a deeper understanding of the evolution of the capital of New Mexico. La Merced de La Majada/La Majada Land Grant, 1695 El Ojito Land Grant was originally conferred on Feb. 10, 1695 by Governor and Capitán General Diego de Vargas and subsequently, as a grant called La Majada, granted to Jacinto Pelaéz as compensation for services rendered as a soldier during “La Reconquista” de Nuevo México. Its original boundaries overlapped two pueblo grants. The boundaries were as follows:

“On the north, by a line running east to west one league north of the spring on said tract known as the Ojito de la Laguna de Tío Mes, on the east, by the Bocas de Senetu; on the south, on the north boundary lines, the Indian Pueblo of Santo Domingo, and on the west, by the Río Grande.” Royal possession of the land was never delivered to Pelaéz by Gov. Vargas. (Source: Bowden, J.J., Private Land Claims of the Southwest, Master’s Thesis, 1969, Southern Methodist University, Vol. II Santa Fe Co. Land Grants)

Three years later, Jacinto Pelaéz had to petition Gov. Pedro Rodríguez Cubero for a revalidation of the original land grant. On Dec. 13, 1698, Cubero revalidated the grant and ordered the alcalde of Bernalillo to place Pelaéz in possession of the property. Pelaéz died shortly thereafter, before possession had been formally delivered to him. Portions of this grant were given to Jacinto Sánchez and Nicolás Ortiz. On Jan. 10, 1710, Ensign Ygnacio de Roibal, guardian of Pelaéz’s minor daughter, María, petitioned Gov. José Chacón, asking that the concessions which had been made to Sánchez and Ortiz be set aside and La Majada Grant be revalidated in favor of María Pelaéz. (Source: The Majada Grant, No. F-224 Miscellaneous Records of the Surveyor General of New Mexico)

Eighteen years later, Juan Fernández de la Pedrera, husband of María Pelaéz, filed a protest on Aug. 17, 1728 for his daughter María Fernández de la Pedrera, a minor heir of María Pelaéz, and complained that the Indians of the Pueblo of Cochiti were trespassing on the grant. On the same day, Gov. Juan Domingo de Bustamante directed Alcalde Andrés Montoya to place María Fernández in possession of the grant. On July 17, 1744, Gov. Joaquín Codallos y Rabal granted a request from Bartolomé Fernández, Land Grant Legend who claimed that his father, Juan Fernández de la Pedrera, had given him possession of Green: La Caja del Rio Grant the grant, and he wanted permission to sell his interest in it. His request was granted Yellow: Pueblo of Cochiti Grant by the governor and he sold his interest to Pauline Montoya. Blue: La Majada Grant Red: Pueblo of Santo Domingo Grant These transactions on La Majada land grant were most likely instigated by the Turquoise: Río Santa Fe constant raiding by Faraón Apachis, Apachis de Nabajú, Yutas, and the new enemy, Santa Fe National Forest Map, 1924 the Comanches. These tribes had adopted horse warfare like that of the Spanish.

12 Green Fire Times • September 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com The tribes had captured horses left behind by the Spanish during and after the Pueblo Revolt. (Source: Linda Tigges, “The Pastures of the Royal Horse Herd of the Santa Fe Presidio, 1692-1740” All Trails Lead to Santa Fe, Santa Fe: Sunstone Press, 2010) It is possible that these tribes were also attracted to this particular area because La Majada land grant, along with La Caja del Río Grant, were designated areas for grazing the presidio’s large herd. Pueblos and Spanish villages were connected through family and trade. On Nov. 28, 1785, Bartolomé Fernández Jr. conveyed to Manuel Ortiz his interest in the grant. By the next year, Juan de Abrege, husband of Juana Fernández, daughter of Bartolomé Fernández Jr., conveyed her interest in the grant, also to Manuel Ortiz. Francisco Montoya, on behalf of his mother, Pauline Montoya, petitioned for a judicial partition of La Majada Grant on Feb. 10, 1804, which was approved on Feb. 17, 1805 by Gov. Fernando Chacón. As a result, the grant was divided into four tracts, each owned by Pauline Montoya, Miguel Otero, Pedro Gonzales and Juan José Silva. Ortiz claimed interest in the grant, which he estimated to contain 20,000 acres, because he was one of Overhead view of Cañón or Caja del Río Santa Fe. Google Earth, 2013 the legal representatives of the original grantee.

Six years after the conquest of New Mexico by the United States of North America in On the north, by a large tableland standing in front of the cultivated lands of San 1854, the Surveyor General’s Office of the United States conducted surveys on all of the Ildefonso, on the east, by the Cañada Ancha; on the south, by the source of the Ojito land grants in the new territory of New Mexico. However, this grant was not surveyed Santa Cruz and on the west, by the Río Grande. until after it was validated by the U.S. Court of Private Land Claims on Sept. 24, 1894. Deputy Surveyor Albert J. Easley surveyed the grant in October 1895 for 54,404.10 acres. Nicolás Ortiz petitioned for the grant as a reward for services he had performed, monies A patent covering lands embraced within the grant was finally issued on Oct. 26, 1908. he had expended in the reconquista de Nuevo México, and the pacification of the (Sources: Journal 231 misc. records of the Court of Private Land Claims and La Majada Indians. He informed the governor that he was among the settlers sent to recolonize Grant, No F-224, Miscellaneous records of the Surveyor General of New Mexico) New Mexico by Viceroy Galve in 1693, and that the colonists had been promised a liberal grant upon which to settle, but he had not received his grant because he spent La Majada Grant was overlapped by the Caja del Río back in1742, and the Cochiti and the previous 49 years campaigning against the Indians. He was careful to point out Santo Domingo grants were overlapped by both the Majada and Caja del Río grants. A that during his long military service he had always furnished his own arms, horses, suit was brought to the Santa Fe District Court in 1903 by the owners of the Caja del and on one occasion had even paid for a load of powder. This grant, bounded on the west Río Grant in order to clear their title. Cochiti Pueblo promptly intervened to protect its by the Río Grande and the south by the Río Santa Fe, would become an ideal area for a land. The court upheld the claims of the Caja del Río Grant owners but ruled against rancho and for grazing stock. (Sources: Ortiz Family Papers, NMSRCA and Twitchell, them on their western boundary where they overlapped into the Cochiti Pueblo Land Ralph Emerson, The Leading Facts of New Mexican History, Vol. I pages 470-472) Grant. The Majada Grant owners were successful before the Pueblo Land Board in 1927 with the overlapping land on the northern border of the Santo Domingo Pueblo Land After examining the contents of the petition, Gov. Mendoza, on May 30, 1742, Grant. Later, in 1930, before the same Pueblo Land Board, the Majada Grant owners granted the tract to Ortiz, subject to the condition that “pasturage and watering places entered a disclaimer, and the Indians’ title to almost all the lands under their grant that be in common. Ortiz began to move sheep and cattle to the upper pastures near La were involved in the conflict. As was the case in the Spanish Colonial period, many Tetilla. As a former capitán of the Royal Militia, there is a high probability that he cases of encroachment on Pueblo lands were ruled in favor of the Pueblos. (Sources: helped graze the horse herd of the Santa Fe presidio on the south and west borders District Court Records, No. 1430, U.S. District Court Records, No 2133 and Report of his land grant, as had been done in the past. For the remaining years of his life, to the Pueblo Land Board by Santo Domingo Pueblo) Ortiz built up his casa del rancho, pastured his animals and irrigated crops along the La Merced Del Caja Del Río Río Grande and the Río Santa Fe. Because of frequent raids by semi-nomadic tribes, La Caja Del Río Land Grant, 1742 few settlers considered building near Ortiz and he did not encourage settlement. Capitán Nicolás Ortiz (Niño Ladrón de Guevara) petitioned Gov. Gaspar Domingo His descendants continued his rancho, pasturing their herds and irrigating crops for de Mendoza for a grant covering a tract of land called La Caja del Río, which he the next 114 years after his death. continued on page 33 described as being bounded:

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www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • September 2015 15 Linda Pedro (1946-2015): Reflections on a Río Arriba Wise Woman

Warrior for the Disabled Jim Parker My home is important to me. I always viewed Linda as a rebel with a It’s my anchor in the storm. cause, fighting in her own way for justice It means my very life, my spirit and light in my life. and human dignity, running against the wind, flying into the storm. I recall I love my home, family and community. watching the 1984 Democratic National —Linda Pedro Convention and being astounded met Linda in the early 1990s. We both had been appointed to a Home- and as I listened to a young woman in a Community-Based Services Task Force by then-Gov. Bruce King. Our mission was to wheelchair, whom I had never heard of. I Imake recommendations for improving in-home services for New Mexicans with disabilities. found myself entranced by her presence and her words. Little did I know Linda had a lot at stake in the fight for community- and home-based services. In 1979, that we would meet and eventually the state of New Mexico attempted to force her, a vibrant young woman with a disability, become friends and allies. I consider into a nursing home. On top of that, the state was seeking custody of her son, and to have myself fortunate to have provided some him placed in foster care. assistance in our never-ending battles with the state for disabled people to be able to live at home with appropriate

Her victory led the way for thousands across the © Seth R offman ( services and support. country to live normal family lives. Linda with her son Daniel (1974) During our long friendship, Linda and I talked about things that needed improvement, Linda enlisted a couple of young lawyers from Legal many of which we knew we would not be around to experience and enjoy. But we knew Services to file the first Section 504 lawsuit in New that our children and grandchildren would. The level at which she and I were most Mexico. Section 504 is a federal civil-rights law deeply connected always came back to that provides protection against discrimination for Home- and Community-Based Services individuals with disabilities. Linda was seeking the right (HCBS). For it was HCBS that allowed to live in her home and in her community, despite her Linda to live in her beloved home with disability. No one, including her lawyers, thought she her beloved family and friends and the had much chance to prevail. But Linda carried a force community she deeply cared for. She that projected well beyond her physical self. With her lived life to the fullest, until her strong lawsuit, Linda demanded that no one was going to take spirit had another place it needed to be. her son Daniel away from her! On the day that the court ruled in her favor, Linda broke through the barrier of When I see her picture, hear her words, forced institutionalization. That freed her to continue living on her land in Chimayó, where see her artwork or think of her smile she raised her son. Her victory led the way for thousands of others across New Mexico and laughter, I remember what I always and across the country to live normal family lives, without the fear of institutionalization. told her when I left, “I’ll see you, dear one.” i Linda with her painting The Corn Grinder (2005) As her national profile rose, Linda had many opportunities to work across the country but, instead, she chose to remain anchored in her beloved Chimayó home. Jim Parker is director-emeritus of the New Mexico Governor’s Commission on Disability and a long-time disability-rights advocate.

From Independence to Interdependence Coming Home Connection all been taught that, more than anything, we Alejandro López must be independent. Consequently, we are the most independent, most individualistic When it came time for Cathy Aitken to speak at a recent gathering to honor Coming society on Earth, and I was living proof of Home Connection (CHC), Santa Fe’s only volunteer hospice and long-term care how this was so.” service, she had to be transported by wheelchair to the microphone. During the long but pleasant afternoon, during which we had occupied the same general space in the She went on to describe that, one day, she chambers of the imposing Scottish Rite Temple, I had seen her only from afar and began to lose her ability to use her hands and could not even cut vegetables, let alone was struck by her statuesque figure and regal bearing as she sat around a table with Cathy Aitken (l) greets guest friends. Never for a moment did I imagine that with her first sentence she would produce monumental sculptures. It was not dash my first impressions of her, as well as certain notionsI so stubbornly held onto long after this that she was diagnosed with about myself and my own invincibility. multiple sclerosis, a progressively degenerative disease that involves damage to sheaths of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms may include numbness, “I am here to tell you that you are not whom you think you are,” she said with the impairment of speech and muscular coordination, blurred vision and severe fatigue. first breath that she took at the microphone. “It has taken a rather dramatic personal collapse involving my health to recognize that I am not an island unto myself but, Sometime later, when her legs stopped working, she had to use a wheelchair. “The instead, a part of the main.” She added that, as an artist totally dedicated to the evidence of all of this,” she went on to say, “made me keenly aware that I was crashing discipline of sculpture, she had chosen to live alone and to capably carry out all that life and that there was no one in my life who could help soften the blow of the fall; that had demanded. In fact, for the greater part of her career, she had successfully tackled is, until I met Glenys Carl, the founder and director of Coming Home Connection, all of the tasks commonly associated with both female and male genders—cooking, Santa Fe’s hospice service. Unbelievably, this petite lady, more spirit than flesh, went building, sewing, repairs, decorating, lifting, cleaning, transporting and more. “I felt,” shopping for me, prepared meals, cleaned my house and kept my life going. she said, “that I could carry on like this endlessly and not really have to depend on “As a hospice nurse who knows health and illness intimately, she provided me not only anyone else for what I needed. After all, in this country, culture and society, we have continued on page 23

16 Green Fire Times • September 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com When Linda Pedro Ran for the New Mexico State Senate Mary Frei

There is a saying in Spanish, “La lucha es la vida” — struggle is life. LRUP was fund- I would say it’s the truth. — Linda Pedro amentally about land and water rights. But was the summer of 1980, and Linda was 34. She had been a quadriplegic for 14 Linda Pedro with Jessie Jackson at Española rally (1984) t they learned from Linda years, at a time when Medicaid did not provide home attendant care. She was the that the rights of disabled people were important and being ignored, and that was Isingle mother of an 8-year-old, living on the edge in Chimayó, New Mexico. Within a battle that needed to be fought, as well. Linda realized that for significant change the disabled community she was a national hero because, two years earlier, when she to occur in Río Arriba County, she had to help LRUP go against the county’s most faced institutionalization for herself and foster care for her son, she successfully sued powerful politician, Emilio Naranjo. the New Mexico Department of Human Services. In a landmark decision, a federal judge ordered the department to create a program that offered paid attendant care The rights of disabled people were for Linda and parents like her, so that they could live at home. important and being ignored. Inspired by her legal victory, Linda took on a mission to be useful to others. She traveled Naranjo—“El Patrón”—was a state senator and long-time Democratic Party chairman. to Berkeley, California, to the Center for Independent Living, and took an intensive He was also the Río Arriba county manager and, prior to that, county sheriff. His course in civil-rights law for people with disabilities. When she returned, she created reign was one of nepotism, police brutality and frame-ups of his opponents. Although the Río Arriba Committee on Concerns of the Handicapped. She contacted parents he had been forced to resign his position as state senator the year before, along with of children in Special Education programs, organized a luncheon and sent invitations chairmanship of the county’s Democratic Party, Naranjo’s downfall was only temporary. to every service organization in the county. Many showed up, she remembered, “but In November 1979, the state Court of Appeals reversed his perjury conviction, citing some folks from La Raza Unida Party (LRUP) were the only ones who took me “insufficient evidence.” seriously.” That led to Linda’s involvement with LRUP. Naranjo had been convicted of perjury in a case stemming from the 1975 arrest of LRUP activist Moises Morales (present-day Río Arriba county clerk). Morales claimed that Naranjo—then county sheriff—and two deputies had arrested him on false charges and then planted more than two pounds of marijuana in the back of his truck. Morales passed a lie-detector test and beat the charges.

Naranjo’s attacks on LRUP had made it a tight-knit, insular organization. But it was not closed to Linda. “I was amazed that they were so open to me,” she said when she joined the party in 1979. In fact, she didn’t say a word during the first six months she attended central committee meetings. Linda bonded with the party’s activists including the founder, Antonio “Ike” DeVargas, and chairman, Wilfredo Vigil. They shared a common desire to spring Río Arriba loose from a stifling political system.

A year later, in 1980, Linda decided to challenge Naranjo in the state senate race. “We were all stoked because Linda was such a dynamic person,” DeVargas recalled. But running for office was something she couldn’t do without an enormous amount of assistance. Every morning, Linda needed to rise early and, with the help of her attendant, get dressed and groomed, a process that took hours and was a far more difficult task for her than for an abled person.

When Linda filed her candidacy that May, she had to be carried in her wheelchair up the stairs of the county courthouse in Tierra Amarilla. This was 10 years before Congress would pass the Americans with Disabilities Act, which required public buildings to be accessible.

She was driven around the campaign trail in her old Dodge Dart, adapted with a hydraulic jack so she could get in and out of the passenger seat while wrapped in a harness. I remember a campaign rally when Linda said to the crowd, “Somebody asked me the other day why I was running for state senator,” she said, smiling. “I told him it was because I can do more in four years on a wheelchair than Emilio Naranjo’s done in 25 on two feet.”

On Nov. 4, 1980, Linda Pedro received 990 votes for state senator. She trailed Naranjo, who had 5,953 votes, and the Republican candidate, Sam Zeigler, who had 2,631. But it was a time to be proud. Linda Pedro had run on courage, character and integrity. She showed that a quadriplegic and impoverished single mother could take control of her own life. This was the trail that Linda Pedro blazed. i Mary Frei met Linda Pedro while reporting on the New Mexico Senate race for the Río Grande Sun in 1980. Frei has reported for the Albuquerque Journal North, Santa Linda Pedro addresses rally in front of Tierra Amarilla courthouse (1980) Fe New Mexican, High Country News and other New Mexico publications. www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • September 2015 17 18 Green Fire Times • September 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com New Mexico’s ReplaceMeNt wiNdow expeRt

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www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • September 2015 19 Linda Martínez de Pedro An interview conducted by Rita González-Mahoney for New America: “Women Artists and Writers of the Southwest,” (1982)

s Hispanics and as artists, these women represent the political, social and cultural revolution that has taken place over the past 15 years throughout the Southwest in Spanish-speakingA communities. Each sees her art as part of the ongoing struggle of La Raza for self-determination and cultural integrity.

Linda Pedro began painting as a child, influenced by her mother, who was from an old Spanish ranch family, and her father, who was from a Scottish coal-mining family. As a painter of retablos—paintings of saints in tempura colors on pine panels previously coated with one or more layers of gesso, a stabilizer—she has been fighting a one-woman war in New Mexico for the preservation of native, original retablos. A quadraplegic since 1966, Ms. Pedro has consistently fought for the legal rights of the disabled. She recently © Seth R offman completed an unsuccessful campaign for the New Mexico state Senate from Río Arriba Linda at home in Chimayó with retablos she painted (1974) County for La Raza Unida Party. Ms. Pedro lives in Chimayó, where she is hoping to establish a Hispanic Cultural Center. “You cannot separate the political feeling of people, who grew up in the barrios, from their In her own words, she describes her art, dreams and disability, as well as the politics and art. How are you going to separate their emotions from a very strong political statement? challenges she has encountered: It is impossible. …The problem in today’s society for any artist is how to live off of your art. Where does the artist belong in today’s economy? That is the hard part. And it is even “When the Spanish first came to New Mexico, there were no Catholic churches. And harder to be a woman artist in today’s society, even though it is easier now than it ever has when the first churches were built, the priests were not able to import art and decorations been. I look around, and I know what I went through in my own personal struggle and for the churches from Europe and México, so they appealed to people in the village to self-development—that thing of allowing yourself to be oppressed by your family, a man, make the churches look nice. The people used what they had. In some cases, they didn’t ñó society—so readily accepting the role of not being good enough. use egg yolk and water but used pi n pitch and water to bind the pigment to the wood. Later, when the churches imported printed images and plaster of Paris statues, replacing “I know what I went through in my own the need for folk art, there was only a small group of people who maintained the art of carving santos, bultos and retablos. Today, retablo painters are the scarcest of them all. personal struggle and self-development.” “I think women are a very vital part of art. It wouldn’t be art without them. As far as the “Retablo painting is a pretty traditional art. If you have to categorize it, it is Hispanic, woman’s role has changed through time, so has her place in the arts. Even in the last century, religious folk art. I love folk art from all over the world. I guess it is my peasant soul. One women who wrote had to write under a man’s name in order to get printed. Along with of my favorites is any kind of straw work because I love expression that is motivated by everything else that busted open in the 20th century, so did women in art. Women are by images. I don’t care if it is embroidery or painting, it is really rich. It is real. nature creative and passionate. That is what art is about—creating and being passionately “Painting is a real inner reflection. I have been giving a lot outward lately, and I think it is caring enough to create. really time to go back in and see where the growth has gone and what is inside that needs “Being disabled is the minority of minorities because it can happen to anyone. You could to be worked on. My work is known only in certain circles, though. It is very interesting be black or white, young or old, rich or poor, man or woman, or either through injury that the people who control the Santa Fe art markets have never asked me to exhibit. I or disease or old age—anyone can become handicapped. You can get brain damage or have heard that they do not consider my work traditional. Why? That means that I am spine damage or wake up with MS, and there you are. It excludes nobody. Yet it is the not making museum replicas of the old retablos. You have people from someplace else one minority in our society that has been ignored. All the other civil rights movements deciding who you are, what your culture is, and what your traditions are. Santa Fe has have taken their stride when, in fact, it is just now that the disabled movement has pulled rapidly become a place that the native people can’t even enjoy or live in. They can’t afford itself up by its bootstraps. the lifestyle. And that offends me to the core. “At least the disabled movement has brought about the consciousness that, because you “My real dream is to have a Hispanic Cultural have a disability, you don’t stop being human. You still have all the problems everyone else Center in Chimayó that brings in Hispanic does, physically, emotionally, sexually, spiritually. I always say that one of the problems theater, that teaches the children of the area. disabled people have is that they begin to think they are different than other people, when, We’d like to have a Spanish bakery, a center, a in fact, they are not. real center, and really do it up. One of my other dreams is to rejuvenate the old plaza and make “After my injury, of course, I couldn’t move from the it a place where people can stroll and go to see neck down—no way—and for a long time, part of my traditional art. It is going to be done. I don’t therapy was to begin to paint again. I broke my neck know if it is going to take me 10 or 20 years, in 1966, and the first retablo I painted was in 1968. So, but I’m not going to quit. This is one of my it took me that long to get strong enough, physically, greatest dreams. I began to realize that there let alone mentally, to believe I could do something like was such a need for instruction in the arts, and that again. there were so many talented young Chicanos who could teach poetry, carving and painting “But sometimes I think I’m absolutely mad to have that we could make a place where kids could taken on such an old art and to sit around with these go learn. But imagine if there was a cultural little tiny boards and paint. I paint with a hand brace center where talented young Hispanos could because my hand is partially disabled. I put this strap, “My real dream is to have a Hispanic go and say, ‘Listen, it really turns me on to write this brace, on my hand, which allows me to pick up the Cultural Center in Chimayó.” poetry.’ That is my dream. brush. And then I paint.” i

20 Green Fire Times • September 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com Interview Excerpts

About a week later, a friend showed up at the Denver Folklore Center. Mana Pardiathan Linda and Peyote had his studio right around the corner. He took me over to Mana’s, who was making pottery. “Hey, I want to give you something,” Mana said, and handed me this bowl that Interview Conducted by Jack Loeffler (2008) had a bird in it with a peyote on its chest and the initials NAC. “Wow, there’s peyote again,” I thought. I’d never made an altar or gone to a [peyote] meeting, but somehow it so impressed me that I went home and made a little altar in my room. I’d never done anything like that. I put the medicine and bowl on the altar. “My spiritual journey with peyote created a most incredible life for me.” y name is Linda Martínez de Pedro, and I’ve lived for 37 years here in I was an art student and was really close to my main art teacher. Two weeks later, I went into Chimayó. I call myself a hearth-keeper. I would say, first and foremost, class early one morning, and she said, “Linda, I have a book for you. You must read it: Frank Mthat I feel my spiritual journey with peyote created a most incredible life for me, Waters’ The Man Who Killed the Deer. It’s the story of how peyote comes to Taos Pueblo.” way beyond anything I ever imagined. So I read it. When I was a senior in high school, 17 years old, I was hanging out where the About a month later, I was getting ready to graduate from high school. My dad let me beatniks hung out at the Denver Folklore Center. This man came down the street come to Santa Fe, to stay with and, all of a sudden, it looked like he was making a beeline for me, and it alarmed my aunt Jean out in Arroyo me. I tried to identify him, as he got closer. I didn’t know him, had never met him. Hondo for spring break. My I was talking with this friend, and he came up to me and put three things in my friend, Jim Hopper, and I hand, three dried, strange-looking little things. And I said “What?” And he said, drove into town and went up “These are for you,” and just kept walking. Canyon Road. Patrick Sky was singing at Three Cities “Okay,” I said, and I looked at them. “What is this?” of Spain. After we listened The guy next to me said, “Ah, I think that’s peyote cactus, dried peyote.” to him, we went up to talk to him. We didn’t know who “What’s that?” I asked. he was. He was a folksinger, that’s all we knew. “Oh, you He said, “Well, go ask that guy who’s a silversmith right off of 17th. He knows guys must have heard of about peyote. They eat it with the Indians in a ceremony.” my girlfriend, Buffy Saint I went down the street, and I said to this guy, Thane, “Hey, Thane, is this peyote?” Marie,” he said. And I had, of course. We start talking He said, “Where did you get that?” and, pretty soon, he reveals I said, “Some guy just came walking up to me on the street and gave it to me.” that he’s been using peyote for years, and I thought, “Oh “Oh,” he said, “that’s sacred medicine to the Native Americans. They have a my God, here comes peyote ceremony that heals your mind and body and spirit.” again,” because this was all in continued on page 22 Linda emerges from a tipi after an all-night ceremony. “Wow. I wonder why he gave it to me,” I said.

Linda and the American Church of God Dick Brown Soon, other Indians began to educate us in the n 1962, I was working at Three Right about that time, the Cuban proper way to conduct prayer meetings. Cities of Spain, a bar in Santa Fe, Missile Crisis was happening. It was Beth Dickey. Around this time, Beth NewI Mexico. It was afterhours one a high-anxiety moment. We thought looked into state laws pertaining night when two men and a woman perhaps this was “it”—the end of the to peyote and found out that it was whom I had never seen before walked world was nigh. What to do? Well, legal if you were part of a bona fide in. They looked interesting, so I engaged Jimmy remembered how “real” peyote religious organization. So we decided, them in conversation. Their names were meetings went, so we built an altar and let’s organize one; let’s write a charter. Jimmy Hopper, Randy Allen and tied a drum, sang songs and prayed the Linda Pedro’s Tía Jeanne, who worked Jonnie Baynor. They said they’d been best we knew how. Jimmy Hopper and at the New Mexico Supreme Court down in México and were passing Randy Allen had gone farther afield library, helped us do the research. We through Santa Fe, hitchhiking their in their peyote quest—to Iowa and called it the American Church of God way up to Seattle to the World’s Fair. to Pyramid Lake, Nevada, where they (ACG), and on Oct. 7, 1965, we filed I asked them, “Do you have a place to found other non-Indians using peyote. papers with the state of New Mexico. sleep?” I invited them to my place on I went to San Francisco for a couple That was the birth of the ACG, and Canyon Road. They had some peyote of years. When I returned, in 1964, it still exists today. Original charter and, when we got to my house, they ony Vinella signers included Jimmy, Beth, John I rejoined our little group, which © T shared it with me. That was my first now included an anthropologist, Kimmey and Linda Pedro, age 19. experience with peyote. continued on page 22 Little Joe Gomez of Taos Pueblo (1977) www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • September 2015 21 Linda and Peyote continued from page 21 a series of months. About an hour later, Patrick, some other people and I walked over to his friend Beth’s house. There was peyote drying, hanging from the ceiling, peyote in pots, and she opened a drawer to show Pat gourd rattles and feather fans. I thought, “Wow.”

So, long story short, back to Denver, graduated from high school, spent the summer in New York, went to the Newport Folk Festival in ’64. I got to hear Bobby Dylan. Came back, went to college, met Randy [Allen], and I was miserable in school. He said, “Well, if you’re that unhappy, why don’t you just quit? I’ll help you. He was going to New York and thought maybe I should go with him, but I didn’t think I should. So when I put him on a bus to New York, he handed me a bible with the same initials that Mana had painted in the bowl, “NAC [Native American Church].”

“I knew that I’d waited my whole life © Seth R offman (2) to be where I was at that moment.” John Kimmey and Telles Reyna Goodmorning (Taos Pueblo) (1976) The following spring, I went back to Santa Fe. When I got there, I was taken to my super-critical condition, in a neck brace and another brace because I couldn’t first [peyote] meeting. There I was—this young girl just out of high school, going breathe. They told the doctor that they wanted to take me out of the hospital to to college, dropped out—within a year of that, and medicine was being given to a peyote ceremony. I said to Little Joe, “They’re not going to let you take me out, me in my first peyote ceremony. I knew at that moment why that medicine had you know.” And he said, “Wait.” I introduced him to the head doctor, and he said, been following me, as young as I was, for a whole year. Although I didn’t know “I want to talk to you.” The doctor was very gracious to Joe. He sat him down, much of anything, I knew that I’d waited and Joe said, “We want to take her and pray for her. We’ll bring her back, OK?” my whole life to be where I was at that I mean, I couldn’t even sit up. They had to lift me up. But the doctor said yes! moment. That was really clear to me. The funny part about that story was they brought a drum to the hospital. I said, “I And here I am, 43 years later, still using think we better not play it out here in the hall. Let’s go to my room.” So we went that medicine. I have a tipi grounds, which into my room, shut the door and Little Joe, John and Kim started singing. Later, I consider a miracle because a little after a the head nurse told me, “One of the nurses came about an hour ago and said, ‘You year when I started using medicine, I was know what? It sounds like real Indians in Linda’s room.’” The head nurse said, “It in a catastrophic accident that paralyzed is real Indians. I don’t know where they came from. They came to see her.” me from my neck down. The doctors predicted that I had three to nine years But I think of that, and the way John and Joe prayed for me, and Kim bringing to live—nine if I was lucky. them, at a time when the doctors gave me very little time to live. John and Joe’s instructions repeatedly to me were about trusting the medicine. “We’re going That’s a whole story in itself, after the to pray for you, and it’s going to take you a long way,” they said. And I know accident, when Little Joe [Gomez] and how far their prayers took me. I got to live to see my grandchildren and have John Gomez from Taos Pueblo and John an incredible life.” i Henry Gomez of Taos Pueblo (1976) Kimmey came to Denver. I was past

The American Church of God continued from page 21 Not long afterwards, Beth made the including Joe’s brother, John, found On a curve past Taos, in 1966, the car rallied to provide these services and acquaintance of Little Joe Gomez, an out about us. Little Joe, John Gomez, in which Linda was traveling went into help maintain Linda’s tenuous hold elder from Taos Pueblo. She brought Henry Gomez, an elder by the name a skid and rolled over. Linda injured on life. Groups of caretakers were him to Santa Fe to an ACG [peyote] of Telles Reyna Goodmorning and her spinal cord. She was airlifted to St. organized; and undergirding these meeting. We asked him: would you run others began to teach us the intricate Vincent’s Hospital, in Santa Fe. efforts, church members prayed and this meeting? He said, “No, I’ll just sit songs and educate us in the proper tribal elders accompanied her on every on the side.” He liked our sincerity and way to conduct the night-long prayer Linda appreciated how step of the journey. i became our friend. I believe he was ceremony. They helped guide ACG’s Dick Brown has the first Indian to take part in what development during its formative years. the female presence was lived in New we were doing. Soon, other Indians Mexico most of his To Linda, the ACG complemented honored within the life. He worked for the Catholic ritual she had been ceremony. the New Mexico raised with. She appreciated how the Archaeology female presence was honored within At that time, for all but the wealthiest, Department the peyote ceremony. This includes a there was no in-home nursing care, doing site analysis drum made from a woman’s cooking no 24-hour assistance, no devices to prior to road construction projects and is a UNM graduate kettle and water that is ritually shared improve mobility and maintain health in nursing. by a female water bearer at the end of for quadriplegics—basically nothing a full night’s invocation. The woman but the physical strength of people Suzanne Jamison and Camilla Trujillo then addresses the assembly with a final to lift, carry, transport and attend to contributed to this article. prayer smoke. all daily needs. The ACG community Sand moon from ACG ceremony

22 Green Fire Times • September 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com Coming home advertise in GFT continued from page 16 with the moral and physical support I Anna Hansen: needed but, just as importantly, with 505.982.0155 medical knowledge of my condition Robyn Montoya: and of what I could to do to stave off the worst of its effects.U nbelievably, 505.692.4477 in the last several years, since I came Niki Nicholson under the care and protection of 505.490.6265 Coming Home Connection, I have Lisa Powers: been able not only to maintain my dignity but also to rebuild my life 505.629.2655 in the context of a new awareness. I Skip Whitson: now know, without a hint of doubt, 505.471.5177 that I am not so much independent as interdependent, as indeed we all are or one day will be. And I have discovered that I like myself much better as part of a web of people who love and care for each other rather than as the lone wolf I used to be. SF’s hospice service “Indeed, interdependence is a solid and magnificent bridge in which everyone does their part in upholding everyone else. When the crises in life come to pass and, indeed, sooner or later they will, you will not want to find yourself dangling from a precipice by yourself or suspended on a rickety bridge of your own making. You will want to be a part of an unshakeable bridge, the likes of Coming Home Connection and, from there, make a safe passage into another stage of your life, one you need not fear. I am so grateful to this organization, consisting of a multitude of compassionate human beings intent on serving others, and to Glenys Carl for the new life I have. She is one in a million, for few individuals who opt for a life of service stick to it!” An unshakeable bridge Coming Home Connection organizes and coordinates scores of paid and volunteer bedside-care providers to people with severe physical impairments, the elderly and the dying. The volunteers make it possible for these individuals to receive individualized quality care, remain within the warm circle of family and home and to live out their lives in dignity. Coming Home Connection is entirely sustained through grants and charitable contributions. The organization may be contacted at:: 505.988.2468, info@ cominghomeconnection.org, www. cominghomeconnection.org Alejandro López is a northern New Mexico writer and photographer.

www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • September 2015 23 A Tribute to Linda Pedro Judith K. Moore

he deep bond my cousin, Linda Pedro, and I shared was through our life. One day, the phone rang and Linda commitment to the welfare of humanity; we both felt it ran in our blood. Our was on the other end. She had been at Tparents were human-rights activists, and throughout their lives they taught us to an anti-nuclear demonstration in Los be committed to the causes of justice and freedom. Jim Allander, Linda’s father, Alamos and dared the police to arrest smuggled money into France during World War II to help Jewish people escape her when she crossed the line they set for Hitler. Our grandparents emigrated from Scotland and were union organizers in protesters. They wisely refused. I wonder the coal mines. Our Grandma Genie was a midwife in the coal-mining camps how many times she faced injustice with of southern Colorado. They were people who had courage to stand up for what such resolve, daring authorities to arrest is right and to not be afraid to face oppressive organizations, doing so with sheer her and, in doing so, bringing publicity courage and pure spirit. Linda’s life speaks to that legacy. Her own legacy inspires to the righteousness of the protest. When all of us who desire to make a difference in the world with our lives. she spoke at the Democratic National Convention, in 1984, she was more than Memories flood into my heart as I write this. We are sitting at the sacred grounds a symbol of freedom; she was an icon of Altar at Linda Pedro’s home in Chimayó of a tipi, and Linda is rolling a prayer smoke. She hope for all who listened. has called me to pray with her because she is concerned for her son and grandson. Her love for The sacred force that is the power of the Great Mother we call the Virgin of her family shows in the depth of her being as she Guadalupe guided Linda every step of the way. I recall a pilgrimage for La Virgen prays. Another memory surfaces. We are in a peace to a holy mountain near Las Cruces. We were brought up to the top and, there, march in Chimayó, led by the carriers of a peace she prayed with the pilgrims. In the early morning light, the gift of faith for the torch. There, at the sacred sanctuary of Chimayó, at people, given by Guadalupe, flowed through Linda. I felt a miraculous power the river, we share bread with a spiritual gathering moving us the day we went to the St. Francis Cathedral to visit the relic of her of many religions and then proceed to Los Alamos, patron saint, Little Theresa of the Roses. Another time, we were embraced by the bringing the torches of peace to the little pond in beloved Blessed Mother, Amma, whose love surrounded us. the city. The speakers’ inspiring talks fill me with There is no way to really comprehend the miracle of Linda’s life or the power of the power of Linda’s promise to serve peace with the gift she gave us through her vision. I know that her legacy of love, eternal her life. and blessed, lives. i Thoughts of Linda flow like a river as my heart A retablo by Linda Pedro Judith K. Moore served for 20 years as a child advocate and educator for adoptive parents. She feels the love she gave every moment of her is the former chairman of the Citizens Review Board in New Mexico.

Linda Pedro Is Alive in My Memory J. Michael Combs he first time I met Linda Pedro was I saw how Linda cherished her Scottish, At Linda’s gatherings, her world at the Santa Fe Farmers’ Market. Mexicano and Native American roots. came together to rejoice and TThis woman in a wheelchair with a Musically, she wanted all of it: the rousing celebrate. Sometimes, a hundred powerful, beautiful smile came up to me political anthems of the ’60s folk revival, people would dance, laugh, sing, and requested una ranchera, a Mexican corridos y rancheras, and the tender, sweet share stories, work and eat. Her song. After I complied and asked her Scottish love songs and ballads she always face would light up like the sun or name, I told her, “I always knew that called for at evening’s end, for which I’d mirror her quiet contentment as she Linda Pedro sings with David García, Chris Abeyta someday we’d meet.” That was because have to enlist our versatile musical friend, watched the people she loved enjoy I’d been hearing her name around the Peter Malmgren. the powerful glow of love that she valleys of el norte for probably 30 years, worked so hard to share. the needed power would always be there always spoken in a way that denoted a Linda’s physical if her motives were right and her aims To do this, she used her home, which woman of power. were unselfish. She had no reluctance to limitations were she raised out of the ground while in call upon help, from both the visible and Once Linda and I finally met, we made her wheelchair, to create a shelter and dwarfed by her the invisible realms of this world, to help up for lost time. I visited her often in her a sanctuary for her relatives, especially her build and protect what her immense home in Chimayó. Or we’d get together personal power. the young ones. Her concept of familia heart loved. and share a meal while we were both in She was also very proud of her father’s owed much to the indigenous cultures town at the food co-op. She would show activism for workers’ and families’ rights she cherished and was nurtured by. It was I will always cherish the vision of her up when I performed at senior centers or in the coal fields of Colorado, near neither brittle nor exclusive but, rather, broad forehead, round cheeks, intense, nursing homes, at farms or at the college, Walsenburg. Through the years, we shared expansive. penetrating eyes and her smile, which or at friends’ homes. And she had me the loss of friends such as Susana Valdez, could be either subtle or immense, like Linda’s physical limitations, while an come and play music at her house for of Tierra Amarilla and Alamosa, whose her laugh. She was for me a fierce, true enormous challenge, were dwarfed by her a birthday, a summer party or a winter father’s activism in the San Luís Valley warrior of love and justice. i personal power. She knew that a woman gathering. Linda loved to gather her in the ’50s had gotten him blacklisted, in service to her family and community Musician/grandfather J. Michael Combs loved ones close to her, to feed them, sing requiring that he relocate his family to is a force to be reckoned with, and that studies history and has dedicated his life to together, share food, warmth and stories. Denver. love, justice and service.

24 Green Fire Times • September 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com Linda Pedro and the Historic March against Drugs and Violence Dr. José Griego, Ph.D.

I have learned to open my heart to a wisdom that does not flee from suffering, Hermanos came out breakdown, or error. Rather, the wisdom of this place knows these aspects of life as in force to support inseparable from job, triumph, and communion. this important cause. —Chellis Glendinning, Chimayó resident and author of Chiva, a Village takes on the Global Heroin Trade On that Saturday in May of 1999, inda Pedro called me, one day in 1998, to a meeting. She was serious about the march departed addressing the issues of violence and drug abuse in Chimayó and Española. Linda Santa Cruz de la wasL living between two notorious heroin dealers. There had been incidents of gunshots Cañada plaza in near and through her property for months. A rock had come sailing through her kitchen a drizzle of rain. window, knocking over a large plaster statue of Our Lady of Guadalupe that looked out Linda Pedro led over the property. One night, her neighbor awakened Linda and her assistant, yelling the procession in that someone was shooting into his home, and please call the cops. The Río Arriba her wheelchair, County sheriff patrolled past Linda’s house on a regular basis, and she knew she could assisted by various

call him anytime, day or night. Linda wouldn’t accept the conditions of living next to a friends and © Seth R offman drug lord and had been pondering a strategy for herself and the community for months. helpers. She was Chimayó, New Mexico Recent drug-related deaths of three young people from Chimayó and another young followed by a host man from Española had everyone on edge. of approximately 40 Penitentes from four different moradas. Members of the community joined us, as well. Despite the weather, no one was deterred from our One of Linda’s neighbors from the village, Melaquias Trujillo, had been training resolve to make a statement that day. The ancient alabados that the Hermanos Linda’s Cheyenne nephew, Craig Magpie, for the Matachines dance. He gave sang along State Road 76 rose through the air and hung there. Along the route, her some advice. “In the old days,” Melaquias said, “a person in the community we took note that all the known drug-dealers’ gates were closed and locked. could approach the Penitente brotherhood for assistance in troubled times.” Linda took this to heart and began her She invited the Penitentes, the local Catholic efforts by putting up the tipi for a prayer meeting at her home. Later, we shared Church and other congregations to participate a prayer smoke and decided to proceed in an old-fashioned “limpia.” with her plan to invite the Penitentes, The Aztec dancers of Taos greeted us at the entrance to the Santuario de Chimayó as well as the local Catholic church and with burning copal and chanting. Blessing ourselves with the incense, we marched various other congregations from the down to the Río Santa Cruz, where members of the community gathered. Native Valley, to participate in what she saw as Americans, Sikhs, Anglos, Chicanos, elders and youth rose up an old-fashioned “limpia,” a cleansing of to challenge the epidemic of drug abuse and violence in their the community. I assisted by reaching out midst. Most unforgettable was the invocation by a member of to the Hermanos. the local Pentecostal church. As she wound up an emotional appeal to stop the violence and drugs, lightning and a loud The Penitentes take an oath of secrecy thunderclap underscored her call to the community. i about the inner workings of the Fraternidad Piadosa de Nuestro Padre Jesús, their formal José Griego Maestas, Ph.D., is president emeritus of Northern New Mexico College. name. With a long history in New Mexico, Jose Griego Maestas, Ph.D., President Emeritus, Northern New Mexico College. Proud father, grandfather, friend of Mother Earth. dating back to 1598, and before that to Spain going back to the Middle Ages, the Afterword by Camilla Trujillo Penitentes of New Mexico have Four months later, I opened the morning paper to see that a major drug raid preserved their traditions, especially had occurred in Chimayó. When I examined the map of the area most affected the literary customs, better than by the raid, I saw Linda’s property smack-dab in the middle of all the action. I the Penitentes of any other Latin learned that in the early morning hours of the previous day, Sept. 29, multiple American country in the world. helicopters had descended upon the village, targeting five families who were major Hundreds of alabados and prayers, players. One-hundred-and-fifty law-enforcement officers were involved. Local, written in the romance form of state, DEA and FBI agents had arrived in the predawn hours. Pens full of pit the Spanish medieval period, as bulls were destroyed, and drug dealers still in their pajamas were dragged out of well as décimas, have been carefully bed and handcuffed. I called Linda to see how she was doing. She described the preserved in New Mexico. The matter tense moments when she and her assistant were roused from sleep by the first of secrecy kept some Penitentes from helicopters. SWAT teams had surrounded two neighboring participating in the prayer meeting. homes. Linda could glimpse people kneeling in their yards, However, after much discussion, the awaiting arrest. “It was like the archangels, coming down from president of the organization decided Heaven,” she said. “Oh, my God,” I realized. “September 29 it would be OK. The Penitentes is the Feast Day of Michael and all the Archangels!” responded with enthusiasm. Even Camilla Trujillo is from the Española Valley. She is a potter, herb-crafter though there was some hesitation and author of the book, Española (Arcadia Publishing, 2011) Linda Pedro and Suzanne Jamison on the march about coming out in public, the www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • September 2015 25 Natural Evolution continued from page 10 model for economic transition and sustainability. Traditional food co-ops, like those take stock of this long-lasting experience in terms of creating and strengthening that proliferated in the 1970s, have working members. They sell food at significantly employment,” states Bruno Roelants, secretary general of the International lower prices than natural food markets like Whole Foods and most of the United Organization of Industrial, Artisanal and Service Producers’ Cooperatives and co- States’ new-style food cooperatives. The Park Slope Food Co-op in Brooklyn, New author of a recent study. York, founded in 1973, is a traditional co-op with 17,000 working members; it saves members 20 to 40 percent on food. The Greenhouse Grocery is modeled on the Park The two major cooperative economies in the EU are regional, Modragón in the Basque Slope Food Co-op. region of Northern Spain and COOP in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. France, the UK, South Korea and Japan also boast robust cooperative economies. New Mexico Largely ignored by mainstream U.S. economists, cooperatives are a distinctive form might do well to emulate their practices, using their governance, organization and of social organization that is not capitalist, socialist or communist. Cooperatives are cooperative principles to grow its own agricultural economy. neither for-profit nor not-for-profit. They are actively democratic. Members participate on a one-member-one-vote basis and earn equity based on participation: either profits Some U.S. food cooperatives, like the new Greenhouse Grocery in Santa Fe, are in a worker cooperative or purchases in a consumer cooperative. While investment structured much like Modragón. In the Greenhouse Grocery, each member has the earns a return, it doesn’t necessarily imply ownership. Thus, cooperatives are highly opportunity to participate in governance; each member has one vote. Actual benefits, participatory, driven by engagement rather than capital. Cooperatives contribute to savings derived from purchases at the co-op, depend on how much a member purchases. resilient employment, a sustainable economy and the well-being of people at work. The more a member purchases, the more a member will save. Equity is distributed to members proportional to the amount they purchase. While member investors—or While the two most famous cooperative regions are in Spain and Italy, U.S. agriculture impact investors—earn a reasonable return on their capital, they do not own the is also a significant contributor to the global cooperative economy. There are estimated cooperative. The co-op members who actually shop at the co-op own it. to be over 40,000 cooperatives of various kinds in the United States, whose member- owners include over 100 million Americans—nearly one out of three. Besides the In the U.S, worker and marketing cooperatives work together closely. From the U.S.’s 3,000 agricultural cooperatives, there are childcare, credit, healthcare, housing, vantage of farmers, marketing cooperatives are functional components of their farm insurance, telephone and electric cooperatives, to name a few. cooperatives. In fact, they handle, process and market virtually every type of commodity grown and produced in the United States. Cooperatives have been largely ignored by Greg Nussbaum, of Camino de Paz, envisions a marketing cooperative, a retailer, as a much-needed outgrowth of his Montessori school and farm. He recognizes that mainstream U.S. economists. Greenhouse Grocery is an independent manifestation of this precept. Greenhouse According to the National Council of Farmer Cooperatives, farmers’ cooperatives in Grocery is simply an independent retail consumer cooperative that brings farmers’ the U.S. generate $191 billion annually. On average, farmers who belong to supply goods to market, benefiting both farmers and consumers. Across food cooperatives cooperatives—those engaged in the manufacture, sale and/or distribution of farm in the United States, co-ops on average sell 22 percent local products, compared with supplies and inputs, as well as energy-related products like ethanol and biodiesel—earn supermarkets, where only 7 percent of their products are local. approximately $5,500 more per year than those who do not belong to cooperatives. The Potential of Cooperatives Total assets of U.S. cooperatives in 2008 was $57 billion; estimated total employment to Foster Food Security was over 250,000 and total payroll was in excess of $8 billion. Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, Beyond Local Cooperatives social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious Regional Cooperative Economies food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for Some cooperative regions around the world are characterized by very high cooperative an active and healthy life. By 2050, the population of the Earth employment. A lower wage gap between the average worker and top executives, highly will reach nine billion. To feed all of these people, agricultural secure employment, a well-balanced distribution of employment between urban and production will have to increase by at least 60 percent. Farming rural areas and a people-centered vision are some of the characteristics that explain and agricultural cooperatives, with an estimated 32 percent of © L isa aw the lure of cooperative employment. “The phenomenon of cooperative employment the global market, are an important part of the solution. is sufficiently significant, both quantitatively and qualitatively, for public policies to B.J. Pheiffer is founder and president of the Greenhouse Grocery. [email protected]

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26 Green Fire Times • September 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com The Local Voice

Vicki Pozzebon

www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • September 2015 27 28 Green Fire Times • September 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com New Mexico Land Conservancy Awarded National Accreditation he New Mexico Land Conservancy is a statewide land trust founded in 2002 to preserve the state’s land heritage by helping people conserve the beauty, Tcharacter and biodiversity of places they love. NMLC does this by partnering with private landowners, communities, conservation organizations and public agencies to protect significant wildlife habitat, productive agricultural lands, scenic open space, cultural and historic resources and recreational lands. NMLC works collaboratively at community, watershed and landscape scales. A conservation easement is a perpetual voluntary agreement between the landowner and a land trust. To date, NMLC has conserved just under 150,000 acres with a long-term goal of conserving one million acres statewide. The primary tool that NMLC uses is Carrizo Creek on Greg Moore’s ranch near Wagon Mound, New Mexico a conservation easement, which is a perpetual voluntary agreement between the protecting valuable habitat and wildlife corridors, natural and cultural resources and landowner and a land trust to restrict subdivision and development of the property environmental services,” Wilber added. “The easements remove the development in order to protect its natural, cultural and/or agricultural values. In exchange for pressure from the lands and provide a way for the landowners to pass their family relinquishing these development rights, the landowner can receive substantial tax farms and ranches on to the next generation.” and financial benefits. About 80 percent of the easements that the organization has done have been on working ranches and farms. “The beauty of conservation This year, the NMLC was awarded national accreditation through the Land easements is that the landowner still owns the land and can continue to use it for Trust Alliance’s independent Land Trust Accreditation Commission. Voluntary farming, ranching, managed timber harvesting and other uses compatible with the accreditation provides independent verification that land trusts meet high standards conservation purposes of the easements,” said Scott Wilber, NMLC’s executive for land conservation, stewardship and nonprofit management in the nationally- director. “We know that by keeping these lands open and undeveloped, we are also recognized Land Trust Standards and Practices. i

Greg Moore • NMLC 2015 Corazón de la Tierra Country Fair • Oct. 3 Conservation Award Winner Land conservation will be celebrated and Wagon Mound rancher Greg Moore will th On Oct. 3, the NMLC’s 2015 Jane Wing Petchesky receive the Petchesky Conservation Award at NMLC’s 4 Annual Corazón de la Conservation Award will be given to long-time rancher Tierra Country Fair on Oct. 3 from 4–8 pm at the Petchesky Conservation Center, and innovative land steward, Greg Moore. Moore 5430 S. Richards Ave. in Santa Fe. The event will feature food, live music for dancing recognized the threat of subdivisions and development and a variety of presentations. Tickets are $75. More info: 505.986.3801, ext. 102, facing agricultural communities across the West, and [email protected], www.nmlandconservancy.org PETCHESKY worked with NMLC to place his entire 23,000-acre Wagon Mound Ranch in northeastern New Mexico CONSERVATION AWARD under conservation easements. Seeking to inspire by example, Moore has become an advocate for private land conservation among the local ranching community. “I like to think of myself as more of a resource manager than just a rancher,” Moore noted. “There is a balance that needs to be maintained – but, basically, if you take care of your land and grass it benefits the NORTHERN RÍO GRANDE wildlife, and what’s good for wildlife is also going to be good for your livestock.” NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA The placeM oore calls home is a spectacular Annual Meeting • Sept 26, 2015 ranch that boasts shortgrass prairie, piñón-juniper woodland and ponderosa pine at higher elevations. The spread includes Carrizo Creek, a tributary of the Canadian River, that runs across The Northern Río Grande National Heritage Area, Inc. will its southern landscape. Moore uses hold its Annual Meeting on September 26, 2015 at the Río Arriba sustainable grazing practices, rotating County Annex – Commission Chambers in Española, from 9:30 cattle among 20 different pastures. He am to 2:00 pm. Discussion topics include Board elections, presen- has designated several areas as protected wildlife sanctuaries and undertaken habitat tation of the annual report, financial report and 2016 budget, and improvement projects, particularly along program discussions for implementation of the Management Plan. the creek. The sanctuaries, in particular, have become critical to restoring the The mission of the NRGNHA Inc is to celebrate and to sustain riparian areas—producing wetlands in the communities, heritages, languages, cultures, traditions, some areas where there had once been only © E valyn B emis bare rock. Moore’s work paid off during the and environment of Northern New Mexico through partner- summer of 2014, when the long drought ended and the ranch exploded with diverse ships, education and interpretation in Taos, Rio Arriba and native grasses and forbs (herbaceous flowering plants). Santa Fe Counties. The grasslands of northeastern New Mexico offer great potential for large-scale conservation of private lands due to ranches like Wagon Mound that practice For information call the Northern Rio Grande National Heritage sustainable grazing operations and act as wildlife migration corridors. The Area office at 505-753-0937. The public is invited to attend. completion of the Wagon Mound Ranch project is a significant step forward for land conservation in Mora County. www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • September 2015 29 Indigenous as a Way of Life continued from page 26

The Zanjeras continued from page 25

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32 Green Fire Times • September 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com El Camino Real continued from page 13 Beneficial Farms Community Supported On May 7, 1871, the descendants of Nicolás Ortiz presented their claim to the U.S. Surveyor General T. Rush Spencer for investigation under the Eighth Section of the Agriculture (CSA) Act of July 22, 1854. (Source: Act to establish Office of SGNM in NM Chap.103, Serving families, farms, and Sec. 8 Stat. 308, 1854) Three witnesses were examined by Surveyor General James communities since 1994

K. Proudfit in November, 1872. Their testimony supported the claimant’s allegations concerning their relationship to Nicolás Ortiz and the continuous use and occupation • Eat FRESH Local and Regional Food of the Caja del Río Grant. By decision dated Nov. 21, 1872, Proudfit recommended • Support Family Farms that the grant be confirmed by Congress to the heirs and legal representatives of • All year long Nicolás Ortiz, deceased. A preliminary survey of the grant was made in November • Convenient weekly delivery 1877 by Deputy Surveyors Griffin and McMullin for 62,343.01 acres. (The Caja del Río Grant No. 63, Misc. Records of the S. G. N.M.). www.beneficialfarm.com [email protected] 505-470-1969 The Río Santa Fe, the corridor first used by the colonists on El Camino Real, served settlement and grazing lands. However, Congress never acted on the claim. Felipe Delgado, legal representative for the Ortiz heirs, filed suit in the Court of Private Land Claims on Oct. 14, 1892, seeking confirmation of the grant to the heirs and legal representatives of Nicolás Ortiz, deceased. An amended petition was filed on Aug. 10, 1893, in which Felipe Delgado alleged that the preliminary survey was incorrect and that the grant actually contained about 72,000 acres. The plat attached to the amended petition depicted the grant as including all of the Mesa de San Ildefonso extending northward to the boundary of the Pueblo of San Ildefonso Grant. (Source: Records of the Court of Private Land Claims, No. 178) At the trial, the plaintiffs introduced the expediente of the grant including documents that referenced the grant and its occupancy during the Spanish and Mexican periods, all of which recognized the existence and validity of the claim. The government, while recognizing the grant papers were genuine and in order, contended “the north boundary of the grant as claimed by the plaintiff had been stretched so as to include 4,000 acres” more that it should. In its decision dated Aug. 30, 1893, the court confirmed the grant in accordance with the description contained in the grant papers. Thus, it left the boundary question to be resolved by the survey under the provision of Section 10 of the Act of March 31, 1891. (Source: Court of Private Land Claims Act, Chapter 569, Section 10 26 Stat. 854 (1891))

Deputy Surveyor Sherrard Coleman surveyed the grant for 68,070.36 acres, which included 1,221.58 acres that conflicted with the Pueblo of Cochiti Grant. Coleman’s survey located the north boundary just south of the Mesa de San Ildefonso. The plaintiff relinquished any claim to the lands in conflict. This action resolved the dispute between the owners of the grant and the Indians of the Pueblo of San Ildefonso and, since no objections were raised, the court approved the survey and a patent based thereon was issued on Feb. 20, 1897. (Source: Miscellaneous Records, Court of Private Land Claims, Caja del Río Grant, No. 63)

The Río Santa Fe flows through these grants and served the middle and southern sections of these settlement and grazing lands that produced large quantities of beef and mutton in addition to hides, wool and agricultural produce for nearby communities and La Villa de Santa Fe. This was the corridor first used by the colonists on El Camino Real that ascended through the Santa Fe River canyon (Caja del Río) into La Ciénega, La Cieneguilla, the Pacheco Grant, Agua Fría and Rancho El Pino into La Villa de Santa Fe.

There is a need to present more detailed stories of the people who worked the land on these pueblos and land grants along the Río Santa Fe, Riito La Ciénega and the Río Grande. We will do that in future editions of Green Fire Times. One thing that this detailed, rich history demonstrates to me is that conventional tourism, which is so important to our region, could be diversified and strengthened by developing historical agritourism and ecotourism. i

Hilario E. Romero, a New Mexican mestizo (Spanish/Basque/Jicarilla Apache/Ute), is a former New Mexico state historian. He has spent the past 40 years in higher education, as an administrator and professor of history, education and Spanish at the University of New Mexico, Highlands University and Northern New Mexico College. www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • September 2015 33 Eco-Delivery Services • 505.920.6370

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History continued from page 31 SWAAN Park: Santa Fe’s Newest Regional Park NEWSBITEs “Conservation Reuse” Water System Employed Northern New Mexico faces a daunting challenge. How do we meet the ever-increasing States Attempt to Block Federal Water Rule demand for clean, fresh water with a relatively static supply? Thirteen states, including New Mexico, were granted a temporary injunction by a Santa Fe has found a way. City departments have developed a process that re- U.S. district judge in North Dakota on Aug. 27, blocking the Obama administration’s circulates water that has already been used once. Using state-of-the-art technology, new “Waters of the U.S.” rule that would give the Environmental Protection Agency the Wastewater Department reuses water to irrigate landscapes and recreational turf. (EPA) and Army Corps of Engineers authority to protect some streams, tributaries Forward-thinking urban planners, working with Utilities Engineering and the Parks and wetlands from being polluted or destroyed. TheE PA says the rule restores Clean Department, have created a delivery system that brings “conservation reuse” water to Water Act protections to more than half the nation’s streams and will safeguard the Municipal Recreation Complex and the new Southwest Area Activity Node. Turf drinking water for millions of people. The state officials in opposition contend that grown with this water is safe to walk, run and play on. Using this to irrigate recreational the rule is unnecessary and infringes on their sovereignty. fields and the municipal golf course will save many acre-feet of water. The rule has spurred Congress, landowners and farmers to have theE PA clarify how The New Mexico Environment Department requires that the discharge of reuse water particular waterways are defined and which smaller waterways are impacted. pass through specially designed irrigation systems and that signs are posted at all facilities, Similar lawsuits have been filed by other states, business and agriculture groups in at in Spanish and English, explaining that the water is not for human consumption. The least eight U.S. district courts. In a statement, the EPA said that the injunction applies NMED also requires that the Parks Division monitor, record and report on the system’s only to the 13 states that sued and that the rule would be enforced in all other states. operation. The system’s safety features include a smart flowmeter and master valve, an aerometer to measure wind speed and a rain sensor. These feed a computerized controller Fracking Continues in the Greater Chaco Area that can shut the system down during windy or rainy conditions and react to excess flow. A federal judge last month refused to grant a temporary halt to oil-and-gas drilling in the greater Chaco Canyon National Historical Park area, as sought by a coalition of Navajo and environmental groups. The groups have filed a lawsuit over theB ureau of Land Management’s (BLM) drilling plan. The plan, which is being revised in the face of a shale-oil boom, would allow hundreds of fracking permits. “We are dismayed by the decision because full-scale, unregulated oil-and-gas development continues to impose devastating impacts on human, cultural and environmental resources on Dinétah (Navajo homelands) and surrounding areas,” said Colleen Cooley of Diné Citizens Against Ruining our Environment. Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, have heavily industrialized the region with truck traffic and a vast network of new roads, oil tanks, pipelines, flares and equipment. © Anna C. H ansen Plaintiffs in the lawsuit are Diné Citizens Against Ruining Our Environment, San family fun day: sept. 19 Juan Citizens Alliance, WildEarth Guardians and the Natural Resources Defense The Southwest Area Activity Node will open to the public on Sept. 19. A Family Council. Attorneys from the Western Environmental Law Center represent the groups. Fun Day from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. will include a ribbon-cutting, fun run and bicycle tour at the new SWAAN Park. City departments and community service organizations will NM Supreme Court to Review Copper Rule host information booths. The ParksD epartment, working with 1Santa Fe and the Tierra The New Mexico Supreme Court has granted a petition, filed by the New Mexico Contenta neighborhood, have activities planned for all ages including horticultural Environmental Law Center (NMELC) on behalf of Amigos Bravos, Gila Resources tours of surrounding areas. Healthy food from local vendors will be available, along Information Project and Turner Ranch Properties, L.P., requesting review of the with entertainment by local musicians and dancers. The entire community is invited, Copper Rule. The Rule, backed by Gov. Susana Martínez and the New Mexico free of charge. Don’t forget the sunscreen. To get to the park, head south on Cerrillos Environment Department, regulates discharges from copper mines in New Mexico. Road past the Airport/Rodeo intersection and turn right on Jaguar Drive. Come to Amigos Bravos and allies are challenging the Rule, adopted in September 2013, the end of Jaguar and follow the signs. alleging that it gives the copper industry the right to pollute vast amounts of groundwater—future drinking water supplies—in direct conflict with the state Indian Summer: Ragle Park Water Quality Act, and sets a precedent for other industries. Lowering the cost of American Indian Community Day: Sept. 19 doing business for polluters transfers the cost of cleanup and the cost of public health Santa Fe Indian Center’s (SFIC) 5th annual American Indian Community Day will be outcomes to New Mexico taxpayers, the groups say. held on Sept. 19, 12–4 p.m. at Ragle Park (Zia Rd.) This unique gathering provides an Petitions filed with the Supreme Court by the New Mexico Attorney General and opportunity for the American Indian community in Santa Fe to come together, enjoy a former state Groundwater Bureau chief, also requesting a review of these issues, music, share a potluck meal, participate in fun activities, socialize and share information. have also been granted by the court. Everyone is invited to this Advocates Seek Reform of Coal Lease Program free outdoor event, which welcomes the changing of Coal mines in New Mexico employ about 1,500 people and account for a payroll close seasons and children’s return to $100 million, according to the state Minerals and Natural Resources Department. to school. In addition to the Although the industry is in decline, about 60 percent of the electricity generated food provided, guests are nationwide is still from coal, 40 percent of which comes from public land. The invited to bring their favorite Department of the Interior continues to lease millions of acres to mining companies, traditional and healthy foods even as the Obama administration ramps up efforts to curb greenhouse gases from to share. Wings of America coal-burning power plants. will engage participants in B uffalo D ancers Jemez Pueblo TheB LM hosted a listening session on coal issues in Farmington, N.M., last month. active games and physical Despite the hearing’s location, the San Juan Basin, only a few people spoke in favor exercises. Adrian Wall of Jemez Pueblo will provide music. There will be nonprofit of coal mining, many of those fearful of losing their jobs. Over a dozen organizations information booths. Traditional dancers from Tesuque and Jemez pueblos, face painting, testified in support of reforming what they see as an outdated federal coal-lease door prizes and other activities will happen throughout the day. program. Nellis Kennedy-Howard, of the Sierra Club’s Beyond Coal Campaign, said, SFIC’s mission is to support, promote and enrich the vital, diverse American Indian “Many coal companies aren’t required to set aside enough money or insurance to clean community. The center brings people and organizations together to discuss issues and up public lands after they are done mining—leaving taxpayers on the hook.” Also solutions, assists individuals and families in urgent need and also serves as a resource cited were coal mining’s health- and climate-change impacts (which communities center for those seeking special services. increasingly have to pay for), the need for New Mexico taxpayers to receive a fair Volunteers, nonprofit participants and donations are needed for the Community Day share of profits from mines on public lands, and the need for the BLM to increase . . coal’s royalty rate to match that of other fossil fuels. event. Call 505.660.4210 or email [email protected] SFIC is also on Facebook www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • September 2015 37 What's Going On! Events / Announcements

with solar and sustainability experts. Ex- Sept. 5, 10 am-12 pm activities. 4-5 pm: History Museum open hibits, workshops, kids events. Free. Citizens Climate Lobby for teachers. 5-7 pm: Teacher Resource 505.246.0400, [email protected], www. 1st Sat. each month. “Creating political will for a Fair. Free. Presented in partnership with nmsolarfiesta.org (See ad on pg. 8) livable world.” [email protected] the SF Community Educators Network. 505.476.5200, [email protected], Sept. 26, 2-5 pm Sept. 7, 11 am-3 pm http:nmhistorymuseum.org/index.php Water in the Desert Family Labor Day Celebration Sept. 17-20 Sawmill Lofts, 1801 Bellamah NW Center for Progress & Justice Three Trails Conference Rain chains and other artwork inspired by 1420 Cerrillos Rd. water scarcity will be part of a silent auction Games for kids, award-winning film screen- Santa Fe Convention Center ALBUQUERQUE to benefit the NM Water Collaborative, a ing, speakers, music, raffles, prizes, bbq. Park Trail associations, scholars and the gen- Sept. 2, 5:30-7 pm nonprofit that supports water conservation behind building. [email protected] eral public can learn about the trails’ his- Green Drinks strategies for communities. 505.563.0615, tory. Field trips to area sites. 505.920.4970, Sept. 10, 9:30 am-12 pm, , 5:30-8 pm 3TrailsConferenceSantaFe.org Hotel Andaluz, 125 Second St. NW www.nmwatercollaborative.org Craft Entrepreneurship Network with people inter- Sept. 26-27 Sept. 17-20 ested in doing business lo- New Mexico Approved Expo Two sessions to help creative entrepreneurs Soul Renewal Wilderness Retreat cally, clean energy alterna- learn business basics and start an online shop tives and creating sustainable State Fairgrounds on ETSY to sell handmade products and cre- Santa Fe National Forest opportunities in our com- 200 vendors. Organized to connect residents and ate supplemental income. 505.474.6556, Renew your soul and spirit for an evolving munities. Presented the first tourists to local businesses. Local celebrities, musi- [email protected], www.wesst.org/etsy- world. Basecamp with customized 24-hr. solo Wednesday of each month by the ABQ and cians, fashion show, salsa cook-off. Proceeds benefit workshop-application-sfe/ options. All skill levels welcome. Permitted Río Rancho Green Chamber. info@nmgre nonprofit entrepreneurial services. Presented by NM with SFNF since 1989. Co-hosted by www. enchamber.com, www.greendrinks.org Community Capital. www.newmexicoapproved.com Sept. 12 leadfeather.org and www.wildresiliency.com. Community Potluck Sept. 9, 9-10:30 am Oct. 14-Nov. 10, evenings & Garden Harvest Sept. 19, 9 am-12 pm Agriculture Collaborative Master Composter Training Personal Patient Advocacy Corner of Jaguar & Country Club Rd. MRCOG, 809 Copper NW Master composters are volunteers educated in Meet new AmeriCorp members. Join con- Santa Fe Community Foundation Presentation/discussion about the future of food the science, art, materials and methods of home versations about food justice, sustainabil- 501 Halona St. & agriculture in NM through the eyes of a UNM composting techniques. They share this infor- ity and the community. Learn about the How to be your own (or your loved one’s) most student initiative. Followed by a NM Food & Ag mation in the community. nmcomposters.org community garden and other Earth Care effective support during illness. $25. Registra- Policy Council committee meeting at 10:45 am. tion: 505.988.9715, www.santafecf.org Oct. 29-31 programs. 505.204.0664, mariajose@earth 505.247.1750, www.localfoodnm.org/ carenm.org , www.earthcarenm.org New Mexico Film & Media Sept. 19, 11 am-5 pm Sept. 10, 9 am-2 pm Industry Conference Sept. 12, 6-8:30 pm Family Fun Day UNM Health Sciences Job Fair SWAAN Park Opening Isleta Resort/Casino Wild & Scenic Film Festival HSC North Campus Upper Plaza Includes biennial education summit and SF Farmers’ Market Pavillion Tierra Contenta, end of Jaguar Rd. Annual job fair hosted by UNM School of Medi- state liaison network program. http:www. One of the nation’s premiere environmental Ribbon-cutting, fun run, bicycle tour, commu- cine’s Resident and Graduate Assisted Placement nmfilm.com/schedule-2015.aspx and adventure film festivals. Special guest: nity booths, food, music. See newsbite, pg.37. Services. Open to health professionals and health author Craig Childs. Tickets: $12 adv/$15 profession students from all NM educational in- Through Oct. 31 day of event. www.brownpapertickets.com/ Sept. 19, 12-4 pm stitutions. [email protected] Habitat: Exploring Climate event/2006561, nmelc.org/filmfest Indian Summer Change through the Arts Sept. 12, 10 am-4:30 pm Ragle Park (Zia Rd. & Yucca Dr.) entral Sept. 13, 11 am-2 pm American Indian Day in SF. An opportunity TEDxABQ 2015 516 C SW Exhibitions, speakers, screenings, work- Community Homestead Day for the Native community in SF to get together Popejoy Hall, UNM shops. 505.242.1445, www.516arts.org Ampersand Sustainable Learning and socialize, enjoy music, a potluck meal and Live talks, performances, interactive experi- Center, Cerrillos, NM share information. Info booths, music and ences. tedxabq.com Nov. 11-13 Ampersandproject.org Native dancers. 505.920.4313, hereinthesw@ Quivira Conference yahoo.com See newsbite, pg.37. Sept. 12 Sept. 13, 4:30 pm Embassy Suites Indian Pueblo Annual Stewart Udall Sept. 22-24 “The Next Wave: Cultivating Abun- First Nations L.E.A.D. Cultural Center Gala dance”; hear from ranchers, farmers, sci- Legacy Dinner Institute Conference 2401 12th St. NW entists, activists and others. Speakers National Park Service Building Annual fundraising dinner/auction. Art, food, include Paul Hawken, Christine Jones Celebrate SF Conservation Trust’s conser- Buffalo Thunder Resort, Pojoaque dance, history. $150. Sponsorship opportunities and many more. 505.820.2544, cbaca@ vation legacy. $175. Sponsor or purchase Empowering Native Youth, Strengthening Tribal available. 505.724.3539, ccanfield@indianpueblo. quiviracoalition.org. Tickets: http://qui tickets: 505.989.7019, www.sfct.org Institutions, Nourishing Native Foods & Health. org, indianpueblo.org/gala viracoalition.org/2015_Quivira_Conference Daily, 10 am-6 pm Sept. 15, 10 am-12 pm Sept. 23, 9-11 am Sept. 22, 6-7:30 pm Local Plant Walk Fundamentals for NM Solar Energy Assn. Chapter Mtg. “ABQ 2030 District” Sustainable Fundraising Milagro Herbs, 419 Orchard Dr. REI, 1550 Mercantile NE A voluntary collaboration of commercial property Learn about uses of local plants for food and medi- SF Community Foundation Open to the public. 505.917.5074 tenants, building managers, property owners and cine and how to identify them. $20. 505.820.6321 501 Halona St. [email protected] developers; real estate, energy, and building sec- Nonprofit technical assistance workshop. $15-$45. tor professionals, lenders, utility companies; and Sept. 16, 6-7:30 pm Registration: 505.988.9715, www.santafecf.org Sept. 26, 10 am-5 pm public stakeholders such as government agencies, NMSEA-SF Chapter Meeting ABQ International Festival nonprofits, community groups and grassroots or- Sept. 25, 10 am ganizers. Property partners share anonymous util- Amenergy, 1202 Parkway Dr. NM Veterans Memorial Park NM Acequia Commission ity data and best practices. Professional partners SF Sustainable Everything Advocates, a NM 1100 Louisiana Blvd. SE NM State Capitol Bldg., Rm. 303 provide expertise and services. Public partners Solar Energy Assn. chapter, seeks to make living Free family-friendly multicultural event support the initiative as it overlaps with their own sustainably the accepted norm through creating Monthly meeting. Info: 505.603.2879 or that celebrates the Intl. District. Entertain- missions. Info: [email protected] public awareness, actions, participation and vol- [email protected]. ment, food, arts & crafts, children’s activities. unteerism in organizations and events that estab- Agendas: 505.827.4983 or www.nmacequia 505.265.2511. Sponsored by the city of ABQ, lish SF and NM as leaders in this effort. Meets 3rd commission.state.nm.us STEPS, Intl. District Neighborhood Assn. SANTA FE Weds. each month. [email protected] Sept. 2, 11:30 Am-1 pm Sept. 25, 6:30-9:30 pm Sept. 26, 10 am-5 pm Green Lunch Sept. 17, 4-7 pm Guardians Gala NM Solar Energy Association Teacher Resource Fair armers arket avillion Solar Fiesta SFAHBA Offices, 1409 Luisa St. SF F ’ M P Guest speaker: B.J. Pheiffer, founder of Green- New Mexico History Museum 12th annual Wild Earth Guardians benefit CNM Workforce Training Center house Grocery, community food cooperative. An opportunity for teachers to learn about dinner/auction. Speaker: ecologist/author 5600 Eagle Rock Ave. $15/$20. Reservations: 505.982.1774. Presented community organizations and what they Dr. Sandra Steingraber. $100. 505.988.9126, Trade show brings homeowners together by the SF Green Chamber of Commerce. offer to support curriculum and classroom ext. 3, [email protected]

38 Green Fire Times • September 2015 www.GreenFireTimes.com Sept. 26, 2-4 pm Española TAOS Sept. 26-27 Milagro Herbs Medicine Show Sept. 11, 9-11 am Through Sept. 12, 10 am-6 pm Mother Earth Summit 419 Orchard Dr. Regional Coalition Arte de Descartes XV Gathering for Mother Earth 12 students from the Milagro School of an ldefonso ueblo of LANL Communities Stables Gallery 9/26: S I P Herbal Medicine certification program will 9/27: Pojoaque Gathering Site Ohkay Casino Conference Center, 133 Paseo del Pueblo Norte showcase their tea blends, salves, elixirs, etc. 19th Gathering for all cultures and ages. A hkay wingeh ueblo 15th annual juried art show features art made Sample products, ask questions, buy prod- 68 NM-291, O O P public event. Youth activities, healing arts, craft Monthly board meeting open to the public. from 90% recycled materials. 575.751.9862, ucts. 505.820.6321 booths, Native cultural dances, workshops. In partnership with 8 cities, the coalition www.whollyrags.org 9/26: Mother Earth Summit; 9/27: Gathering strives to be good stewards of the land af- Sept. 27, 1-3 pm and Relay Run. 505.747.3259, info@tewawom fected by legacy and ongoing waste activities Through Sept. 24 Water Systems Walkthrough enunited.org, tewawomenunited.org at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Beautiful Midden Ampersand Sustainable Learning Regionalcoalition.org/ Taos Center for the Arts Through Sept. 31 Center, Cerrillos, NM tables allery See simple off-grid catchment, greywater and Sept. 26, 9:30 am–2 pm & S G Ancient Native Farming solar heating systems. Ampersandproject.org Art & artifact exhibit. A project of Amigos Bravos Techniques Exhibit Northern Río Grande addressing issues of illegal dumping in Taos County. olorado lateau ntertribal Sept. 29, 6-7:30 pm Heritage Area www.beautifulmidden.org, www.amigosbravos.org C P I Learning Center, Tuba City, AZ. Río Arriba County Annex Is Your Cell Phone Exhibit showcases efforts by elders and commu- ommission chambers Sept. 25–Oct. 4 Making You Sick? C nity leaders from 12 tribes across the Colorado Annual meeting. Open to the public. Taos Fall Arts Festival a ontañita o op ommunity Plateau to preserve dry farming practices that have L M C - C See pg. 29. 505.753.0937 Six locations. See newsbite, pg. 11. allowed native peoples to flourish for thousands Rm., 913 W. Alameda www.taosfallarts.com Learn about patented products that help neu- Sept. 26-27 of years. Open by appointment. alicia.tsosie@ tralize the effects of wi-fi technology and simple Española Valley Arts Festival foodcorps.org, www.grandcanyontrust.org/blog/ ways to decrease exposure. Free. 505.780.8283 HERE & THERE preserving-our-seeds-and-farmer-knowledge Plaza de Española Sept. 5-6, 10 am-5 pm Sept. 30 Paseo de Oñate at Bond St. Chama Valley Studio Tour Oct. 3-4, 10 am-5 pm PNM’s Power Replacement Plan Art exhibits, food and other booths and many Galleries in Chama, Brazos, Los Ojos and La- El Rito Studio Tour local musicians. [email protected] Public Regulation Commission guna Vista. Maps at the Chama Station Inn. Between Abiquiú and PERA Bldg. Oct. 23-24 575.756.2315, Chamavalleystudiotour.com Ojo Caliente on Hwy. 554 See pg. 4. 575.581.4679, www.elritostudiotour.org Another round of hearings on the San Juan Traditional Agriculture & Sept. 5-7, 8 am-5 pm Generating Station. After this, the PRC Sustainable Living Conference Arts & Crafts Market commissioners must make a final decision. Oct. 25-28 Northern New Mexico College Santo Domingo Pueblo Transforming Sustainability Oct. 2-4 10th annual. This year’s theme: Global Annual event with more than 300 artisans, Education Warming and Other Issues Threatening Earth USA 2015 pueblo-grown produce, Native dances. Minneapolis, Minn. Mother Earth. International keynote speak- useum of rt 505.465.0406 Assoc. for the Advancement of Sustainabil- NM M A ers include renowned elder/healer/shaman 8th Intl. Earthbuilding Conference. ity in Higher Education 2015 conference Angaangaq Angakkorsuaq (“Uncle”) from Sept. 9, 8 am-12 pm See article, pg. 9. Earthusa.org and expo. www.cvent.com/events/aashe- Greenland and Dr. Mark Nelson, dir. of the Chile Field Day 2015-conference-and-expo/event-sum U.K. based Institute of Ecotechnics. Pan- Oct. 3, 4-8 pm NMSU Plant Science Research Cen- mary-fc440cae5a7d4c2c89480f782d320300. els, workshops, hands-on activities, ven- Corazón de la Tierra Country Fair ter mi of as ruces on wy aspx dors, info booths, heritage seed exchange. , 8 . SE L C H . 28 Showcase of research projects, graduate 5430 S. Richards Ave. 518.332.3156, [email protected], student posters, field tours. 575.646.4398, A celebration of land conservation. Music, http://4bridges.org dinner, award presentation. $75. See article, [email protected] pg. 29. 505.986.3801, etemple@nmlandcon Sept. 15 Donation Deadline servancy.org, www.nmlandconservancy Los Alamos Sept. 12, Oct.10 Storydancer Project Oct. 6, 5 pm Seed Collecting Tour Navajo Nation Series Piñón Awards Ceremony Pajarito Environmental Center Free services include health clinic trainings, La Fonda Hotel Collect grass seeds and look at native plants. presentations for toddlers, preschool and SF Community Foundation awards recognize out- Seeds will be used in a post-fire restoration K-6 graders and teacher in-service trainings standing nonprofit organizations and philanthro- project along Frijoles Creek in Bandelier. at schools and centers projectdirector@story pists. Ceremony at 6 pm followed by dinner. $50. Free. Register in advance. 505.662.0460, dancer.com, www.thestorydancerproject.org 505.988.9715, www.santafecf.org/pinon-awards www.peecnature.org Sept. 16 Oct. 14-18 Sept. 29, 7 pm Arizona Farmer/Chef Connection SF Independent Film Festival Endangered New Mexico Tucson Convention Center, AZ 505.349.1414, info@santafeindependent. Pajarito Environmental Center Conference/showcase for local wholesale com, www.santafeindependent.com 3540 Orange St. food buyers and suppliers. Localfirstazfound A representative from Defenders of Wildlife ation.org/azfarmerchef Tuesdays and Saturdays, 7 am-1 pm will discuss which species in NM are threatened Santa Fe Farmers’ Market Sept. 24-27 or endangered and what you can do to protect Gila River Festival 1607 Paseo de Peralta (& Guadalupe) them. 505.662.0460, www.peecnature.org Northern NM farmers & ranchers offer Silver City, NM fresh greenhouse tomatoes, greens, root veg- Tuesday-Friday, 10 am-1 pm and “Finding Balance in a Changing World” will gies, cheese, teas, herbs, spices, honey, baked Saturday explore the inherent tension between modern goods, body care products and much more. Pajarito Environmental society’s technological sophistication and our www.santafefarmersmarket.com Education Center imperative to live within the bounds of the nat- ural world. Featuring filmmaker Godfrey Reg- range t Sundays, 10 am-4 pm 3540 O S . gio, Thinking like a Watershed dialogue with Nature center and outdoor education pro- New Mexico Artisan Market Jack Loeffler, Enrique Lamadrid, Rina Swent- grams. Exhibits of flora and fauna of the zell and Steve Harris. Gala for the Gila. Kaya- Farmers’ Market Pavilion Pajarito Plateau; herbarium, live amphib- king, birding, guided hikes, filmfest and more. www.artmarketsantafe.com ians, butterfly and xeric gardens. Tuesday- Supported by the National Endowment for the Saturday. Free. 505.662.0460, Programs@ Humanities and the NM Humanities Council. Santa Fe Recycling PajaritoEEC.org, www.pajaritoeec.org 575.538.8078, www.gilaconservation.org Make 2015 the year to reduce, reuse and recycle as much as you can. City residential curbside custom- Thursdays, 7 am–12:30 pm Sept. 24-27 ers can recycle at no additional cost and drop by 1142 Los Alamos Farmers’ Market EarthWalks Journey Siler Road, Building A to pick up free recycling bins. Library parking lot Canyon de Chelly, AZ At least 50 percent of curbside residential customers [email protected], lamainstreet. Full moon/autumn equinox guided journey. recycle now. Let’s take that number to 100 percent. com/farmers-market.htm For more information, visit http://www.santafenm. Experience cultural traditions and volunteer gov/trash_and_recycling or call 505.955.2200 (city); service learning activities with a Diné elder/ 505.992.3010 (county); 505.424.1850 (SF Solid weaver on her farm in the canyon. Indoor Waste Management Agency). lodging or free camping. info@earthwalks. org, http://earthwalks.org/ www.GreenFireTimes.com Green Fire Times • September 2015 39 James H. Auerbach, MD and Staff support Green Fire Times in its efforts to bring about a better world by focusing on the people, enterprises and initiatives that are transforming New Mexico into a diverse and sustainable economy.

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