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Searching for Audiovisual Content Cover [6Mm].Indd 1 2/12/08 16:35:39 IRIS Special: Searching for Audiovisual Content Available in English, Special Serie French and German What can you expect from IRIS Special What is the source of the IRIS Special in terms of content? expertise? Published by the European IRIS Special is a series of publications from the European Every edition of IRIS Special is produced by the European Audiovisual Observatory that provides you comprehensive Audiovisual Observatory’s legal information department in Audiovisual Observatory factual information coupled with in-depth analysis. The themes cooperation with its partner organisations and an extensive chosen for IRIS Special are all topical issues in media law, which network of experts in media law. we explore for you from a legal perspective. IRIS Special’s The themes are either discussed at invitation-only workshops approach to its content is tri-dimensional, with overlap in or tackled by selected guest authors. Workshop participants some cases, depending on the theme. It offers: and authors are chosen in order to represent a wide range of 1. a detailed survey of relevant national legislation to facilitate professional, academic, national and cultural backgrounds. comparison of the legal position in different countries, for example IRIS Special: Broadcasters’ Obligations to Invest in IRIS Special - unique added value Cinematographic Production describes the rules applied by IRIS Special publications explore selected legal themes in a way that 34 European states; makes them accessible not just to lawyers. Every edition combines 2. identification and analysis of highly relevant issues, a high level of practical relevance with academic rigour. covering legal developments and trends as well as suggested While IRIS Special concentrates on issues and interactions solutions: for example IRIS Special, Audiovisual Media within Europe, it takes a broader geographical scope when the Services without Frontiers – Implementing the Rules offers theme so requires. a forward-looking analysis that will continue to be relevant long after the adoption of the EC Directive; Who needs to read IRIS Special? 3. an outline of the European or international legal If you hold a position of responsibility in the media industry, context influencing the national legislation, for example particularly cinema, broadcasting or new media, if you work for IRIS Special: To Have or Not to Have – Must-carry Rules a specialised law firm, for a regulatory authority or in media explains the European model and compares it with the and cultural policy making, or if media studies is your academic American approach. discipline, then the IRIS Special series is a must for you. So far published in the series: n Editorial Responsibility n Tomorrow’s Delivery of Audiovisual Services SearchingSearching forfor ISBN 978-92-871-6476-6 - 50 pages - © 2008 – EUR 75 ISBN 978-92-871-5707-2 - 56 pages - © 2005 - EUR 35 http://www.obs.coe.int/editresp http://www.obs.coe.int/tv-future n Legal Aspects of Video on Demand n Political Debate and the Role of the Media Audiovisual ISBN 978-92-871- 6391-2 - 91 pages - © 2008 - EUR 89 Audiovisual ISBN 978-92-871-5675-4 - 125 pages - © 2004 - EUR 44 http://www.obs.coe.int/vod-legal http://www.obs.coe.int/political-debate n The Public Service Broadcasting Culture n Regulating Access to Digital Television ISBN 978-92-871-6188-8 - 184 pages - © 2007 - EUR 62,50 ContentContent http://www.obs.coe.int/psb ISBN 978-92-871-5401-9 - 127 Pages + 28 pages Glossary - © 2004 - EUR 44 n Audiovisual Media Services http://www.obs.coe.int/digital-tv-access without Frontiers n ISBN 978-92-871-6115-4 - 76 pages - © 2006 - EUR 58,50 Co-Regulation of the Media in Europe http://www.obs.coe.int/av-media-services ISBN 978-92-871-5141-4 - 140 pages - © 2003 - EUR 27 http://www.obs.coe.int/co-regulation n Broadcasters’ Obligations to Invest in Cinematographic Production n Jurisdiction over Broadcasters in Europe ISBN 978-92-871-5971-7 - 127 pages - © 2006 - EUR 62,50 ISBN 978-92-871-4854-4 - 64 pages - © 2002 - EUR 27 http://www.obs.coe.int/tv-invest-film http://www.obs.coe.int/jurisdiction n To Have or Not to Have - Must-carry Rules n Television and Media Concentration ISBN 978-92-871-5897-0 - 52 pages - © 2005 - EUR 58,50 ISBN 978-92-871-4595-6 - 89 pages - © 2001 - EUR 27 http://www.obs.coe.int/must-carry http://www.obs.coe.int/media-concentration European Audiovisual Observatory: tel. +33 (0) 3 88 14 44 00 - fax +33 (0) 3 88 14 44 19 - E-mail [email protected] IRIS_Special_Searching for Audiovisual Content_Cover [6mm].indd 1 2/12/08 16:35:39 IRIS Special: Searching for Audiovisual Content European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg 2008 ISBN: 978-92-871-6559-6 EUR 89 Director of the Publication: Wolfgang Closs, Executive Director of the European Audiovisual Observatory E-mail: [email protected] Editor and Coordinator: Dr. Susanne Nikoltchev, LL.M. (Florence/Italy, Ann Arbor/MI) Head of the Department for Legal Information E-mail: [email protected] Contributing Partner Institution: Institute for Information Law (IViR) Rokin 84 NL-1012 KX Amsterdam Tel.: +31 (0) 20 525 34 06 Fax: +31 (0) 20 525 30 33 E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.ivir.nl Editorial Assistant: Michelle Ganter Marketing: Markus Booms E-mail: [email protected] Translation/Proof-reading: Caroline Bletterer, Alison Hindhaugh, Amélie Lépinard, Bernard Ludewig, Stefan Pooth, Erwin Rohwer, Roland Schmid, Dorothée Seifert-Willer, Nathalie Sturlèse, Candelaria Van Strien-Reney, Anne-Lise Weidmann Typesetting/Print: Pointillés, Hoenheim (France) Publisher: European Audiovisual Observatory 76 Allée de la Robertsau F-67000 Strasbourg Tel.: +33 (0)3 88 14 44 00 Fax: +33 (0)3 88 14 44 19 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.obs.coe.int Please quote this publication as: Susanne Nikoltchev, Ed., IRIS Special: Searching for Audiovisual Content (Strasbourg, European Audiovisual Observatory, 2008) © European Audiovisual Observatory, 2008. Opinions expressed in this publication are personal and do not necessarily represent the views of the Observatory, its members or the Council of Europe. IRIS_Special_Searching for Audiovisual Content_Cover [6mm].indd 2 2/12/08 16:35:39 IRIS Special Searching for AudiovisualContent In 1989/90 Tim Berners-Lee developedthe World Wide Web(WWW) forthe European Organization forNuclear Research (CERN). Barely 20 years old,ithas made an unprecedented impact on theway we deal with information. TheWWW has becomeakey resource forprivate life andbusiness.Toeach of us it offers an unimaginable variety andquantity of contentand it calls on each of us to also use it in ordertoshareour own creationswith others.The WWW nurtures our expectationsofwhat information we can find, it influences our habits of howand wheretolook forcontent, anditgenerates fears as to whether we master themachineorthe machinemasters us. CERN was notonly theWeb’s midwife,itmight also serve as its role modelfor generating giganticamounts of information. CERN expects to producemorethan 15 millionGigabytes of data each year as aresult of acceleratinghundreds of millionsofsubatomicparticles in theLarge HadronCollider(LHC), theworld’slargest particle accelerator. This bears some resemblancewith theswellingmass of information floatingonthe WWW.What drives both systemsisour desire to gather information. When CERN launched its recentexperimenttoreconstruct thebig bangthat gave birth to our planet, critics remindedusthat notall thattechnology can do is without risk. Certainly the responsible managers andscientists at CERNwill do all they can to make their experimentsafe, yet they also admit that asingle mindcan no longercontrol andoverlook an experimentofthat magnitude.Accordingly,supervision is carried out by ateam with each of themanyteam members handlingonly asmall part of theproject. Arethere similar developments to be noticed forthe WWW? Arewestill in aposition to handle it or have we created an information monster that asingle humanbeingcan no longercontrol? Arewegradually beingwashed away by adelugeofinformation? These questionsmust lead us to reflect about theprincipal role or even several principal roles that theelectronicinformation supply plays in our lives: I. Theamountofinformation electronically processed is mind-boggling. Oneofthe contributionstothis publication mentions that in 2008 electronically created,stored and replicated information reached theequivalentofthree milliontimes theinformation in all books ever written andthat theamountwill multiply by six over thenexttwo years. No doubt somebodylookingfor relevantaudiovisual contentfaces abig challenge.The fact that we still manage to findwhat we arelookingfor is largely owed to electronichelpers such as search engines andelectronicprogrammingguides. In short: theabundanceofelectronicinformation compels us to develop andtrust in new search facilitatingtools. II. Themorecontentfromanincreasingnumber of sources is stored on arapidly growing number of platformsand made availabletomoreand more users withincreasingly diverse backgrounds,the more difficult it is to provide acoherentsystem that will enable everybodyto achieve satisfactory search results.The successful search foraudiovisual contentisaheightened challenge because most existingsearch tools aretext-based. Acoherentapproach to render data searchable requires acoherentmethodology for identifyingand classifyingthem. We need systematicorderingand taggingjust likewedid when we could still tidy away printed material in bookshelves. In short: theabundanceofelectronicinformation mightnecessitateuniversal content identification systems.
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