Pacioos 10-Year Anniversary
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OGC-98-5 U.S. Insular Areas: Application of the U.S. Constitution
United States General Accounting Office Report to the Chairman, Committee on GAO Resources, House of Representatives November 1997 U.S. INSULAR AREAS Application of the U.S. Constitution GAO/OGC-98-5 United States General Accounting Office GAO Washington, D.C. 20548 Office of the General Counsel B-271897 November 7, 1997 The Honorable Don Young Chairman Committee on Resources House of Representatives Dear Mr. Chairman: More than 4 million U.S. citizens and nationals live in insular areas1 under the jurisdiction of the United States. The Territorial Clause of the Constitution authorizes the Congress to “make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property” of the United States.2 Relying on the Territorial Clause, the Congress has enacted legislation making some provisions of the Constitution explicitly applicable in the insular areas. In addition to this congressional action, courts from time to time have ruled on the application of constitutional provisions to one or more of the insular areas. You asked us to update our 1991 report to you on the applicability of provisions of the Constitution to five insular areas: Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (the CNMI), American Samoa, and Guam. You asked specifically about significant judicial and legislative developments concerning the political or tax status of these areas, as well as court decisions since our earlier report involving the applicability of constitutional provisions to these areas. We have included this information in appendix I. 1As we did in our 1991 report on this issue, Applicability of Relevant Provisions of the U.S. -
5. Ecological Impacts of the 2015/16 El Niño in the Central Equatorial Pacific
5. ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF THE 2015/16 EL NIÑO IN THE CENTRAL EQUATORIAL PACIFIC RUSSELL E. BRAINARD, THOMAS OLIVER, MICHAEL J. MCPHADEN, ANNE COHEN, ROBErtO VENEGAS, ADEL HEENAN, BERNARDO VARGAS-ÁNGEL, RANDI ROtjAN, SANGEETA MANGUBHAI, ELIZABETH FLINT, AND SUSAN A. HUNTER Coral reef and seabird communities in the central equatorial Pacific were disrupted by record-setting sea surface temperatures, linked to an anthropogenically forced trend, during the 2015/16 El Niño. Introduction. In the equatorial Pacific Ocean, the El Niño were likely unprecedented and unlikely to El Niño–Southern Oscillation substantially affects have occurred naturally, thereby reflecting an anthro- atmospheric and oceanic conditions on interannual pogenically forced trend. Lee and McPhaden (2010) time scales. The central and eastern equatorial earlier reported increasing amplitudes of El Niño Pacific fluctuates between anomalously warm and events in Niño-4 that is also evident in our study nutrient-poor El Niño and anomalously cool and region (Figs. 5.1b,c). nutrient-rich La Niña conditions (Chavez et al. 1999; Remote islands in the CEP (Fig. 5.1a), including Jar- McPhaden et al. 2006; Gierach et al. 2012). El Niño vis Island (0°22′S, 160°01′W), Howland Island (0°48′N, events are characterized by an eastward expansion of 176°37′W), Baker Island (0°12′N, 176°29′W), and the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) and deepening Kanton Island (2°50′S, 171°40′W), support healthy, of the thermocline and nutricline in response resilient coral reef ecosystems characterized by excep- to weakening trade winds (Strutton and Chavez tionally high biomass of planktivorous and piscivorous 2000; Turk et al. -
2021 2022 FCC Form 499-A Telecommunications Reporting
2021 2022 FCC Form 499-A Telecommunications Reporting Worksheet (Reporting 2020 2021 Revenues) APPROVED BY OMB 3060-0855 >>> Please read instructions before completing.<<< Annual Filing -- due April 1, 20212022 Block 1: Contributor Identification Information During the year, filers must refile Blocks 1, 2 and 6 if there are any changes in Lines 104 or 112. See Instructions. 101 Filer 499 ID [If you don't know your number, contact the administrator at (888) 641-8722. If you are a new filer, write “NEW” in this block and a Filer 499 ID will be assigned to you.] 102 Legal name of filer 103 IRS employer identification number [Enter 9 digit number] 104 Name filer is doing business as 105 Telecommunications activities of filer [Select up to 5 boxes that best describe the reporting entity. Enter numbers starting with “1” to show the order of importance -- see instructions.] Audio Bridging (teleconferencing) Provider CAP/CLEC Cellular/PCS/SMR (wireless telephony inc. by resale) Coaxial Cable Incumbent LEC Interconnected VoIP Interexchange Carrier (IXC) Local Reseller Non-Interconnected VoIP Operator Service Provider Paging Payphone Service Provider Prepaid Card Private Service Provider Satellite Service Provider Shared-Tenant Service Provider / Building LEC SMR (dispatch) Toll Reseller Wireless Data Other Local Other Mobile Other Toll If Other Local, Other Mobile or Other Toll is checked describe carrier type / services provided: 106.1 Affiliated Filers Name/Holding Company Name (All affiliated companies must show the same -
Northern Mariana Islands
NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS CUSTOMS REGULATIONS AND INFORMATION FOR IMPORTS HOUSEHOLD GOODS AND PERSONAL EFFECTS Note: American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), the U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Baker Island, Howland Islands, Jarvis Island, Johnston Island, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Palmyra, and Wake Island are all territories / possessions of the United States and as such are subject to the importation rules of the United States. They may have additional requirements to import into each territory as each one has a delicate ecosystem they are trying to protect. An individual is generally considered a bona fide resident of a territory / possession if he or she is physically present in the territory for 183 days during the taxable year, does not have a tax home outside the territory during the tax year, and does not have a closer connection to the U.S. or a foreign country. However, U.S. citizens and resident aliens are permitted certain exceptions to the 183-day rule. Documents Required Copy of Passport (some ports require Passports for all family members listed on the 3299) Form CF-3299 Supplemental Declaration (required by most ports) Detailed inventory in English Copy of Visa (if non-US citizen / permanent resident) / copy of Permanent Resident Card I-94 Stamp / Card Copy of Bill of Lading (OBL) / Air Waybill (AWB) Form DS-1504 (Diplomats) A-1 Visa (Diplomats) Importers Security Filing (ISF) Specific Information The shipper must be present during Customs clearance. All shipments are subject to inspection. Do not indicate “packed by owner” (PBO) or miscellaneous descriptions on the detailed inventory. -
Jarvis Island NWR Final
Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan Unincorporated U.S. Territory, Central Pacific Ocean The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) has completed the Comprehensive Conservation Plan (CCP) and Environmental Assessment (EA) for Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge (Refuge). The CCP will guide management of the Refuge for the next 15 years. The CCP and EA describe the Service’s preferred alternative for managing the Refuge and its effects on the human environment. Decision Following comprehensive review and analysis, the Service selected Alternative B in the draft EA for implementation because it is the alternative that best meets the following criteria: Achieves the mission of the National Wildlife Refuge System. Achieves the purposes of the Refuge. Will be able to achieve the vision and goals for the Refuge. Maintains and restores the ecological integrity of the habitats and plant and animal populations at the Refuge. Addresses the important issues identified during the scoping process. Addresses the legal mandates of the Service and the Refuge. Is consistent with the scientific principles of sound wildlife management. Can be implemented within the projected fiscal and logistical management constraints associated with the Refuge’s remote location. As described in detail in the CCP and EA, implementing the selected alternative will have no significant impacts on any of the natural or cultural resources identified in the CCP and EA. Public Review The planning process incorporated a variety of public involvement techniques in developing and reviewing the CCP. This included three planning updates, meetings with partners, and public review and comment on the planning documents. -
B: Other U.S. Island Possessions in the Tropical Pacific
Appendix B Other U.S. Island Possessions in the Tropical Pacific1 Introduction Howland, Jarvis, and Baker Islands There are eight isolated and unincorporated is- Howland, Jarvis and Baker are arid coral islands lands and reefs under U.S. control and sovereignty in the southern Line Island group (figure B-l). Aside in the tropical Pacific Basin. Included in this cate- from American Samoa, Jarvis Island is the only gory are: Kingman Reef, Palmyra and Johnston other U.S.-affiliated island in the Southern Hemi- Atolls in the northern Line Island group; Howland, sphere. These islands lie within one-half degree Baker and Jarvis Islands in the southern Line Is- from the equator, in the equatorial climatic zone. land group; Midway Atoll at the northwest end of During the 19th century the United States and the Hawaiian archipelago; and Wake Island north Britain actively exploited the significant guano de- of the Marshall Islands. Evidence indicates that posits found on these three islands. Jarvis Island some of these islands were not inhabited prior to was claimed by the United States in 1857, and sub- “Western” discovery; and today some remain unin- sequently annexed by Britain in 1889. Jarvis, Howland, habited. and Baker Islands were made territories of the These islands range from less than 1 degree south United States in 1936, and placed under the juris- latitude to nearly 29 degrees north latitude and from diction of the Department of the Interior. The is- 162 degrees west to 167 east longitude. The climate lands currently are uninhabited. regimes range from arid to wet and equatorial to These atolls were used as weather stations and subtropical. -
Wake Island, Pearl Harbor & GUAM
The 74th Anniversary Tour | December 5-14, 2015 | $6,990 Wake Island, Pearl Harbor & GUAM While Japanese planes bombed and strafed the military and civilian settlements in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, their naval and air forces struck the American military installations on Wake Island. This culminated in a battle that lasted until December 23. After an heroic defense the American forces were compelled to surrender to a reinforced Japanese attack that included a landing of 2,500 infantry. Day 1 – December 5 - Hawaii Our tour will begin with a Welcome Reception and Dinner at our hotel in Hawaii. You will get a chance to meet our historian and other tour guests. (Please call us about flights from your home city to Hawaii.) Days 2 & 3 – December 6,7 - Hawaii Ford Island is the centerpiece of the Pearl Harbor National Historic Landmark District and adjacent to Battleship Row. The original airfield, air tower, WWII hangars, a collection of bungalows and officers’ housing remain on the site. While on Ford Island, we will visit the Pacific Aviation Museum and the USS Missouri. www.stephenambrosetours.com | 888-903-3329 | [email protected] Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor occupies World War II-era hangars that still bear the scars of our nation’s first aviation “A detachment of marines battlefield. The museum houses many was sent in, along with some examples of WWII aircraft and exhibits relating the stories of these planes. 1,200 civilian construction workers under contract The USS Missouri was part of the force that supported bombing raids over Tokyo and to the government. -
LAYSAN ALBATROSS Phoebastria Immutabilis
Alaska Seabird Information Series LAYSAN ALBATROSS Phoebastria immutabilis Conservation Status ALASKA: High N. AMERICAN: High Concern GLOBAL: Vulnerable Breed Eggs Incubation Fledge Nest Feeding Behavior Diet Nov-July 1 ~ 65 d 165 d ground scrape surface dip fish, squid, fish eggs and waste Life History and Distribution Laysan Albatrosses (Phoebastria immutabilis) breed primarily in the Hawaiian Islands, but they inhabit Alaskan waters during the summer months to feed. They are the 6 most abundant of the three albatross species that visit 200 en Alaska. l The albatross has been described as the “true nomad ff Pok e of the oceans.” Once fledged, it remains at sea for three to J ht ig five years before returning to the island where it was born. r When birds are eight or nine years old they begin to breed. y The breeding season is November to July and the rest of Cop the year, the birds remain at sea. Strong, effortless flight is commonly seen in the southern Bering Sea, Aleutian the key to being able to spend so much time in the air. The Islands, and the northwestern Gulf of Alaska. albatross takes advantage of air currents just above the Nonbreeders may remain in Alaska throughout the year ocean's waves to soar in perpetual fluid motion. It may not and breeding birds are known to travel from Hawaii to flap its wings for hours, or even for days. The aerial Alaska in search of food for their young. Albatrosses master never touches land outside the breeding season, but have the ability to concentrate the food they catch and it does rest on the water to feed and sleep. -
A Review of Recent Developmenets in Ocean and Coastal Law 2001-2002 Karla Black University of Maine School of Law
Ocean and Coastal Law Journal Volume 7 | Number 2 Article 6 January 2002 A Review Of Recent Developmenets In Ocean And Coastal Law 2001-2002 Karla Black University of Maine School of Law Denis Culley University of Maine School of Law Jeffrey Dolley University of Maine School of Law Gregory Domareki University of Maine School of Law Sara Edmonds University of Maine School of Law See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.mainelaw.maine.edu/oclj Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Karla Black, Denis Culley, Jeffrey Dolley, Gregory Domareki, Sara Edmonds, Kevin Fitzgerald, Rody Fowles, Michael Fuller, John Hatch, Katherin Joyce, Sean Kerwin, Jacqueline Lewy, Daniel Marra, Sarah McCready, John M. Ney, Jr., Chad Olcott, Mary Saunders, Vanessa Tondini, David Walker & Danielle West-Chuhta, A Review Of Recent Developmenets In Ocean And Coastal Law 2001-2002, 7 Ocean & Coastal L.J. (2002). Available at: http://digitalcommons.mainelaw.maine.edu/oclj/vol7/iss2/6 This Recent Developments is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at University of Maine School of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Ocean and Coastal Law Journal by an authorized editor of University of Maine School of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Review Of Recent Developmenets In Ocean And Coastal Law 2001-2002 Authors Karla Black; Denis Culley; Jeffrey Dolley; Gregory Domareki; Sara Edmonds; Kevin Fitzgerald; Rody Fowles; Michael Fuller; John Hatch; Katherin Joyce; Sean Kerwin; Jacqueline Lewy; Daniel Marra; Sarah McCready; John M. -
ISO Country Codes
COUNTRY SHORT NAME DESCRIPTION CODE AD Andorra Principality of Andorra AE United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates AF Afghanistan The Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan AG Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda (includes Redonda Island) AI Anguilla Anguilla AL Albania Republic of Albania AM Armenia Republic of Armenia Netherlands Antilles (includes Bonaire, Curacao, AN Netherlands Antilles Saba, St. Eustatius, and Southern St. Martin) AO Angola Republic of Angola (includes Cabinda) AQ Antarctica Territory south of 60 degrees south latitude AR Argentina Argentine Republic America Samoa (principal island Tutuila and AS American Samoa includes Swain's Island) AT Austria Republic of Austria Australia (includes Lord Howe Island, Macquarie Islands, Ashmore Islands and Cartier Island, and Coral Sea Islands are Australian external AU Australia territories) AW Aruba Aruba AX Aland Islands Aland Islands AZ Azerbaijan Republic of Azerbaijan BA Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina BB Barbados Barbados BD Bangladesh People's Republic of Bangladesh BE Belgium Kingdom of Belgium BF Burkina Faso Burkina Faso BG Bulgaria Republic of Bulgaria BH Bahrain Kingdom of Bahrain BI Burundi Republic of Burundi BJ Benin Republic of Benin BL Saint Barthelemy Saint Barthelemy BM Bermuda Bermuda BN Brunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam BO Bolivia Republic of Bolivia Federative Republic of Brazil (includes Fernando de Noronha Island, Martim Vaz Islands, and BR Brazil Trindade Island) BS Bahamas Commonwealth of the Bahamas BT Bhutan Kingdom of Bhutan -
New York State Artificial Reef Plan and Generic Environmental Impact
TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................... vi 1. INTRODUCTION .......................1 2. MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT ..................4 2.1. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE. ..............4 2.2. LOCATION. .....................7 2.3. NATURAL RESOURCES. .................7 2.3.1 Physical Characteristics. ..........7 2.3.2 Living Resources. ............. 11 2.4. HUMAN RESOURCES. ................. 14 2.4.1 Fisheries. ................. 14 2.4.2 Archaeological Resources. ......... 17 2.4.3 Sand and Gravel Mining. .......... 18 2.4.4 Marine Disposal of Waste. ......... 18 2.4.5 Navigation. ................ 18 2.5. ARTIFICIAL REEF RESOURCES. ............ 20 3. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES .................. 26 3.1 GOALS ....................... 26 3.2 OBJECTIVES .................... 26 4. POLICY ......................... 28 4.1 PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION .............. 28 4.1.1 Permits. .................. 29 4.1.2 Materials Donations and Acquisitions. ... 31 4.1.3 Citizen Participation. ........... 33 4.1.4 Liability. ................. 35 4.1.5 Intra/Interagency Coordination. ...... 36 4.1.6 Program Costs and Funding. ......... 38 4.1.7 Research. ................. 40 4.2 DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES .............. 44 4.2.1 Siting. .................. 44 4.2.2 Materials. ................. 55 4.2.3 Design. .................. 63 4.3 MANAGEMENT .................... 70 4.3.1 Monitoring. ................ 70 4.3.2 Maintenance. ................ 72 4.3.3 Reefs in the Exclusive Economic Zone. ... 74 4.3.4 Special Management Concerns. ........ 76 4.3.41 Estuarine reefs. ........... 76 4.3.42 Mitigation. ............. 77 4.3.43 Fish aggregating devices. ...... 80 i 4.3.44 User group conflicts. ........ 82 4.3.45 Illegal and destructive practices. .. 85 4.4 PLAN REVIEW .................... 88 5. ACTIONS ........................ 89 5.1 ADMINISTRATION .................. 89 5.2 RESEARCH ..................... 89 5.3 DEVELOPMENT .................... 91 5.4 MANAGEMENT .................... 96 6. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ................. 97 6.1 ECOSYSTEM IMPACTS. -
51 Subpart 3.70—Fourteenth Coast Guard District
Coast Guard, DHS § 3.70–20 latitude 47°32′00″ N, longitude 123°18′00″ due south to latitude 40° N.; thence due W; thence west along latitude 47°32′00″ east to longitude 150° W.; thence south- N to the outermost extent of the EEZ; easterly through latitude 5° S., lon- thence northeast along the outermost gitude 110° W. extent of the EEZ to the Canadian bor- der; thence east along the Canadian [CGFR 61–40, 26 FR 10352, Nov. 3, 1961, as amended by CGFR 70–150, 36 FR 912, Jan. 20, border to the point of origin. 1971] [USCG–2006–25556, 72 FR 36326, July 2, 2007] § 3.70–10 Sector Honolulu Marine In- § 3.65–15 Sector Portland Marine In- spection Zone and Captain of the spection Zone and Captain of the Port Zone. Port Zone. Sector Honolulu’s office is located in Sector Portland’s office is located in Honolulu, HI. The boundaries of Sector Portland, OR. The boundaries of Sector Honolulu’s Marine Inspection Zone and Portland’s Marine Inspection and Cap- Captain of the Port Zone comprise the tain of the Port Zones start at the State of Hawaii, including all the is- Washington coast at latitude 47°32′00″ lands and atolls of the Hawaiian chain N, longitude 124°21′15″ W, proceeding and the adjacent waters of the exclu- along this latitude east to latitude sive economic zone (EEZ); and the fol- 47°32′00″ N, longitude 123°18′00″ W; lowing islands and their adjacent wa- thence south to latitude 46°55′00″ N, ters of the EEZ: American Samoa, longitude 123°18′00″ W; thence east Johnston Atoll, Palmyra Atoll, King- along this latitude to the eastern Idaho man Reef, Wake Island, Jarvis Island, state line; thence southeast along the Howland and Baker Islands, and Mid- Idaho state line to the intersection of way Island.