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Universidade De São Paulo Faculdade De Filosofia UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS CLÁSSICAS E VERNÁCULAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ESTUDOS COMPARADOS DE LITERATURAS DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA MARINA OLIVEIRA FELIX DE MELLO CHAVES O cinema e os Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa São Paulo 2017 MARINA OLIVEIRA FELIX DE MELLO CHAVES O cinema e os Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Estudos Comparados de Literaturas de Língua Portuguesa, do Departamento de Letras Clássicas e Vernáculas da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, para obtenção do título de Mestre em Letras. Área de Concentração: Programa de Estudos Comparados de Literaturas de Língua Portuguesa Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Fabiana Carelli São Paulo 2017 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. Catalogação na Publicação Serviço de Biblioteca e Documentação Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo Chaves, Marina Oliveira Felix de Mello C512c O cinema e os Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa / Marina Oliveira Felix de Mello Chaves ; orientadora Fabiana Carelli. - São Paulo, 2017. 160 f. Dissertação (Mestrado)- Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Letras Clássicas e Vernáculas. Área de concentração: Estudos Comparados de Literaturas de Língua Portuguesa. 1. Filmes africanos de Língua Portuguesa. 2. Cinema africano. 3. Literatura e Cinema. 4. Colonialismo. I. Carelli, Fabiana, orient. II. Título. Nome: CHAVES, Marina Oliveira Felix de Mello Título: O cinema e os Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de Mestre em Letras. Aprovada em: Banca Examinadora Prof. Dr. _______________________________________________________________ Instituição: _____________________________________________________________ Julgamento: ____________________________________________________________ Assinatura: _____________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. _______________________________________________________________ Instituição: _____________________________________________________________ Julgamento: ____________________________________________________________ Assinatura: _____________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. _______________________________________________________________ Instituição: _____________________________________________________________ Julgamento: ____________________________________________________________ Assinatura: _____________________________________________________________ Dedico este trabalho aos meus amores: Nelio, Iara e João. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço aos meus pais, Selma Oliveira Felix e Ubirajara Tannuri Felix, por cada segundo de vida que eles dedicaram a mim, sempre com o maior amor do mundo. Agradeço a eles por terem me apoiado em todas as minhas decisões e por escolherem sempre o melhor para mim. Agradeço a minha avó, que sempre foi meu modelo de força e ternura. Ela é meu melhor exemplo de que as mulheres têm o poder. Agradeço às minhas irmãs, Natália e Luiza, que sempre foram minhas melhores amigas, companheiras queridas, que sempre estiveram ao meu lado com todo amor. Agradeço aos meus cunhados, Ricardo e Hugo. Agradeço a minha sogra Irene, ao tio Jorge, aos meus cunhados, cunhadas e sobrinhos: Lana, Giulia, Maria Clara, Nicolas (meu afilhado querido), Nina Lys e Manuella. Todos sempre me encheram de risos e alegria. Agradeço à minha orientadora, Profa. Dra. Fabiana Carelli, uma pessoa querida e iluminada, que sempre me inspirou. Serei sempre grata por todo o conhecimento e experiência que ela generosamente tem compartilhado comigo há tantos anos; por todas as oportunidades que ela me concedeu; pelo carinho e gentileza que ela espalha pelo mundo. Agradeço à Profa. Dra. Fátima Bueno, por tantas conversas boas, que me fizeram pensar e aprender. Agradeço ao Prof. Dr. Mario Cesar Lugarinho e ao Prof. Dr. Fernando Arenas, pela leitura atenta do meu trabalho e por todas as indicações e recomendações, que foram de suma importância para o desenvolvimento de meu trabalho. Agradeço à amizade e parceria da Bruna Suelen Rocha Miranda, que iniciou o percurso deste estudo junto comigo, e aos meus amigos queridos, Mariana e Ricardo, que sempre me deram força em todos os meus passos. Agradeço à colega Edimara Lisboa, que acompanhou este trabalho desde o início, dividiu sua experiência comigo e me deu dicas preciosas neste percurso. Agradeço a todas as minhas amigas: Juliana, Thaís, Adriana (e minha Manu), Beatriz, Camila, Carolina, Fabiana, Taynã, Roberta, Milena (minha prima), Paula e Leila. Todas elas me inspiram mais do que imaginam. Agradeço ao Saulo Neto, que me ajudou de forma decisiva na reta final do meu trabalho, com toda gentileza e competência. Enfim, agradeço, com todo meu amor, ao meu marido Nelio. Sem ele, eu nada seria. Ele está presente em cada letra escrita ou não escrita deste trabalho, em cada suspiro de minha vida, em cada batimento de meu coração. Agradeço aos nossos filhos, Iara e João, que enchem minha vida de alegria e meu coração, de poesia. RESUMO CHAVES, Marina Oliveira Felix de Mello. O cinema e os Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa. 2017. 160 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Letras) – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2017. Nas últimas décadas, os Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa (PALOP) passaram por transformações políticas bastante intensas, das quais o cinema foi um importante participante. A partir de um extenso corpus de filmes, é apresentado um mosaico de histórias que traduzem elementos significativos destas determinadas nações africanas. No período colonial, o cinema significava um forte instrumento de propaganda do regime português; durante a luta pela independência, o cinema foi usado como uma arma que somava esforços aos movimentos nacionalistas; nos anos iniciais das novas nações independentes, as produções cinematográficas fortaleceram os interesses dos novos estados; e, enfim, depois da década de 1990, com a abertura política e o multipartidarismo, começaram a se desenvolver diversos e variados tipos de cinema relacionados com estes cinco países (Angola, Cabo Verde, Guiné-Bissau, Moçambique e São Tomé e Príncipe), alguns mais críticos, outros mais voltados ao entretenimento. Este trabalho é uma visita guiada por esta filmografia, com o objetivo principal de ampliar nosso contato com os cinemas dos PALOP. Os filmes são pouco conhecidos pelo público brasileiro, então o trabalho adquire importância ao proporcionar o acesso aos filmes pelos pesquisadores interessados, das mais diversas áreas. Os filmes são apresentados conforme uma ordem que respeita elementos comparativos e realça aspectos que sinalizam possíveis critérios de estudo destes cinemas. Palavras-chave: Filmes africanos de Língua Portuguesa. Cinema africano. Literatura e Cinema. Colonialismo. ABSTRACT CHAVES, Marina Oliveira Felix de Mello. Cinema and Portuguese-Speaking African Countries. 2017. 160 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Letras) – Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2017. In the last decades, the Portuguese-Speaking African Countries (PALOP) have passed through very intense political transformations in which cinema has been an important participant. From an extensive corpus of films, it is presented a mosaic of stories that translate significant elements of these African nations. In the colonial period, cinema represented a strong propaganda instrument for the Portuguese regime; during the struggle against colonialism, cinema was used as a weapon that added efforts to the nationalist movements; in the early years of the new independent nations, cinematographic productions have strengthened the interests of the new states; and, finally, after the 1990s, with the political openness and the multiparty system, various and varied types of cinema began to develop in relation to these five countries (Angola, Cabo Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique and São Tomé e Príncipe), some more critical, others more focused on entertainment. This study is a guided visit to this filmography, whose main objective is that of broadening the contact with the PALOP's cinemas. These films are not well-known by the Brazilian public, so the study acquires the importance of providing information and access to these films for interested researchers. The order through which the films are presented obeys to comparative elements and highlights aspects that lead to possible criteria for the study of these cinemas. Keywords: Portuguese-Speaking African films. African Cinema. Cinema and Literature. Colonialism. SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO.............................................................................................................13 CAPÍTULO 1: ANTES DE 1974 - O FIM É O PRINCÍPIO.......................................29 1.1 Feitiço do império......................................................................................................30 1.2 Vênus negra................................................................................................................32 1.3 Something of Value....................................................................................................33
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