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Satellite Systems
Chapter 18 REST-OF-WORLD (ROW) SATELLITE SYSTEMS For the longest time, space exploration was an exclusive club comprised of only two members, the United States and the Former Soviet Union. That has now changed due to a number of factors, among the more dominant being economics, advanced and improved technologies and national imperatives. Today, the number of nations with space programs has risen to over 40 and will continue to grow as the costs of spacelift and technology continue to decrease. RUSSIAN SATELLITE SYSTEMS The satellite section of the Russian In the post-Soviet era, Russia contin- space program continues to be predomi- ues its efforts to improve both its military nantly government in character, with and commercial space capabilities. most satellites dedicated either to civil/ These enhancements encompass both military applications (such as communi- orbital assets and ground-based space cations and meteorology) or exclusive support facilities. Russia has done some military missions (such as reconnaissance restructuring of its operating principles and targeting). A large portion of the regarding space. While these efforts have Russian space program is kept running by attempted not to detract from space-based launch services, boosters and launch support to military missions, economic sites, paid for by foreign commercial issues and costs have lead to a lowering companies. of Russian space-based capabilities in The most obvious change in Russian both orbital assets and ground station space activity in recent years has been the capabilities. decrease in space launches and corre- The influence of Glasnost on Russia's sponding payloads. Many of these space programs has been significant, but launches are for foreign payloads, not public announcements regarding space Russian. -
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www.arianespace.com www.starsem.com www.avio Arianespace’s eighth launch of 2021 with the fifth Soyuz of the year will place its satellite passengers into low Earth orbit. The launcher will be carrying a total payload of approximately 5 518 kg. The launch will be performed from Baikonur, in Kazakhstan. MISSION DESCRIPTION 2 ONEWEB SATELLITES 3 Liftoff is planned on at exactly: SOYUZ LAUNCHER 4 06:23 p.m. Washington, D.C. time, 10:23 p.m. Universal time (UTC), LAUNCH CAMPAIGN 4 00:23 a.m. Paris time, FLIGHT SEQUENCES 5 01:23 a.m. Moscow time, 03:23 a.m. Baikonur Cosmodrome. STAKEHOLDERS OF A LAUNCH 6 The nominal duration of the mission (from liftoff to separation of the satellites) is: 3 hours and 45 minutes. Satellites: OneWeb satellite #255 to #288 Customer: OneWeb • Altitude at separation: 450 km Cyrielle BOUJU • Inclination: 84.7degrees [email protected] +33 (0)6 32 65 97 48 RUAG Space AB (Linköping, Sweden) is the prime contractor in charge of development and production of the dispenser system used on Flight ST34. It will carry the satellites during their flight to low Earth orbit and then release them into space. The dedicated dispenser is designed to Flight ST34, the 29th commercial mission from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan performed by accommodate up to 36 spacecraft per launch, allowing Arianespace and its Starsem affiliate, will put 34 of OneWeb’s satellites bringing the total fleet to 288 satellites Arianespace to timely deliver the lion’s share of the initial into a near-polar orbit at an altitude of 450 kilometers. -
PRESS-KIT-VV19-08122021-EN.Pdf
www.arianespace.com www.avio.com www.avio Arianespace’s seventh launch of 2021 with the second Vega of the year will place its satellite passengers into Sun-synchronous orbit. The launcher will be carrying a total payload of approximately 1 029 kg. The launch will be performed in Kourou, French Guiana. MISSION DESCRIPTION 2 PLÉIADES NEO 4 SATELLITE 3 Liftoff is planned on at exactly: FOUR AUXILIARY PAYLOADS 4 - 5 09:47 p.m. Washington, D.C. time, 10:47 p.m. Kourou time, VEGA LAUNCHER 6 01:47 a.m. Universal time (UTC), August 17, LAUNCH CAMPAIGN 7 03:47 a.m. Paris time, August 17, 10:47 a.m. Tokyo time, August 17. FLIGHT SEQUENCES 7 STAKEHOLDERS OF A LAUNCH 8 The nominal duration of the mission (from liftoff to separation of the satellites) is: 1 hour, 44 minutes and 59 seconds. Satellite: Pléiades Neo 4 Customer: Airbus Defence and Space - Intelligence Satellites: Four auxiliary payloads Cyrielle BOUJU [email protected] +33 (0)6 32 65 97 48 For Pléiades Neo For the four auxiliary payloads Francesco DE LORENZO • Perigee altitude: 614 km • Perigee altitude: 540 km [email protected] • Apogee altitude: 625 km • Apogee altitude: 554 km + 39 (0)6 97285317 • Inclination : 97.89 degrees • Inclination : 97.55 degrees First Pléiades Neo constellation satellites have been achieved within only five years, thanks to the hard work of over 500 people, across seven sites in Europe, to deliver first-class 14 km swath imagery at 30 cm native resolution, capable to daily collect up to 2 million km² and image the entire Earth landmass five times per year. -
1998 Year in Review
Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation (AST) January 1999 COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION: 1998 YEAR IN REVIEW Cover Photo Credits (from left): International Launch Services (1998). Image is of the Atlas 2AS launch on June 18, 1998, from Cape Canaveral Air Station. It successfully orbited the Intelsat 805 communications satellite for Intelsat. Boeing Corporation (1998). Image is of the Delta 2 7920 launch on September 8, 1998, from Vandenberg Air Force Base. It successfully orbited five Iridium communications satellites for Iridium LLP. Lockheed Martin Corporation (1998). Image is of the Athena 2 awaiting its maiden launch on January 6, 1998, from Spaceport Florida. It successfully deployed the NASA Lunar Prospector. Orbital Sciences Corporation (1998). Image is of the Taurus 1 launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base on February 10, 1998. It successfully orbited the Geosat Follow-On 1 military remote sensing satellite for the Department of Defense, two Orbcomm satellites and the Celestis 2 funerary payload for Celestis Corporation. Orbital Sciences Corporation (1998). Image is of the Pegasus XL launch on December 5, 1998, from Vandenberg Air Force Base. It successfully orbited the Sub-millimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite for the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. 1998 YEAR IN REVIEW INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION In 1998, U.S. launch service providers conducted In addition, 1998 saw continuing demand for 22 launches licensed by the Federal Aviation launches to deploy the world’s first low Earth Administration (FAA), an increase of 29 percent orbit (LEO) communication systems. In 1998, over the 17 launches conducted in 1997. Of there were 17 commercial launches to LEO, 14 these 22, 17 were for commercial or international of which were for the Iridium, Globalstar, and customers, resulting in a 47 percent share of the Orbcomm LEO communications constellations. -
1 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C
Federal Communications Commission DA 06-4 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) AFRISPACE, INC. ) IB File No. SAT-LOA-20050311- ) 00061 Application for Authority to Launch and ) Operate a Replacement Satellite, AfriStar-2, ) Call Sign: S2666 at 21° E.L. and to Co-locate It with AfriStar-1 ) ) ORDER AND AUTHORIZATION Adopted: January 03, 2006 Released: January 03, 2006 By the Chief, International Bureau: I. INTRODUCTION 1. By this Order, we authorize AfriSpace, Inc. (AfriSpace)1 to launch and operate the AfriStar-2 satellite in the geostationary-satellite orbit (GSO) at the 21° East Longitude (E.L.) orbital location. AfriStar-2 is controlled from the United States and is capable of providing Broadcasting-Satellite Service (sound) (BSS (sound)) to Africa and Europe on a non-common carrier basis. We authorize AfriStar-2 to operate downlinks within 2.6 megahertz of spectrum in each polarization with a center frequency of 1479.5 MHz. We also authorize AfriSpace to utilize feeder links and telecommand links for the AfriStar-2 satellite in the 7025-7075 MHz frequency band, to operate its telemetry link for the AfriStar-2 satellite at a center frequency of 1491.7 MHz, and to co-locate the AfriStar-2 satellite at 21° E.L. with the AfriStar-1 satellite currently in orbit. In addition, we grant AfriSpace a waiver of the Commission’s rule regarding transponder saturation flux densities for the AfriStar-2 satellite.2 These authorizations give AfriSpace the capability to continue to provide service to existing customers despite unanticipated technical difficulties experienced by the AfriStar-1 satellite and to serve new customers, conditioned on AfriSpace complying with the applicable laws, regulations, rules, and licensing procedures of any countries it proposes to serve. -
November 23, 2016 VIA ELECTRONIC FILING Marlene H
November 23, 2016 VIA ELECTRONIC FILING Marlene H. Dortch, Secretary Federal Communications Commission 445 12th Street, S.W. Room TW-A325 Washington, DC 20554 Re: SAT-ASG-20161025-00101 Application for Assignment of Authorizations for AfriStar-1 and AfriStar-2 (call signs S2367 and S2666) from Yazmi USA, LLC (“Yazmi”) to Silkwave Africa, LLC (“Silkwave”). Dear Ms. Dortch: At the request of FCC staff, we are submitting this letter in the docket for the above-named application (the “Application”) to supplement statements made in the Public Interest Statement of that Application. The Public Interest Statement explained that the AfriStar-1 satellite will be initially controlled by Intelsat pursuant to an agreement between Intelsat, Silkwave, and an affiliate of Silkwave. The affiliate of Silkwave referred to is New York Broadband LLC, a U.S. limited liability company (“NYBB”). NYBB is affiliated with Silkwave because Chi Capital, which owns 100% of Silkwave, also has a minority ownership interest in NYBB. NYBB owns an Australian-licensed satellite, AsiaStar, which is operated by Intelsat pursuant to an agreement between NYBB and Intelsat (the “NYBB Agreement”). The AsiaStar satellite was also acquired from Yazmi pursuant to a series of earlier transactions not requiring FCC approval. The AfriStar-1 satellite is currently being operated by Intelsat pursuant to a separate agreement between Yazmi and Intelsat (the “Yazmi Agreement”). The parties intend that, following the transfer of the AfriStar-1 license to Silkwave, Intelsat will continue to operate the AfriStar-1 satellite on Silkwave’s behalf, either through an amended Yazmi Agreement, or more likely through an amended NYBB Agreement that includes the AfriStar-1 satellite and adds Silkwave as a party. -
Journal of Space Law
JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW VOLUME 24, NUMBER 2 1996 JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW A journal devoted to the legal problems arising out of human activities in outer space VOLUME 24 1996 NUMBERS 1 & 2 EDITORIAL BOARD AND ADVISORS BERGER, HAROLD GALLOWAY, ElLENE Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Washington, D.C. BOCKSTIEGEL, KARL·HEINZ HE, QIZHI Cologne, Germany Beijing, China BOUREr.. Y, MICHEL G. JASENTULIYANA, NANDASIRI Paris, France Vienna. Austria COCCA, ALDO ARMANDO KOPAL, VLADIMIR Buenes Aires, Argentina Prague, Czech Republic DEMBLING, PAUL G. McDOUGAL, MYRES S. Washington, D. C. New Haven. Connecticut DIEDERIKS·VERSCHOOR, IE. PH. VERESHCHETIN, V.S. Baarn, Holland Moscow. Russ~an Federation FASAN, ERNST ZANOTTI, ISIDORO N eunkirchen, Austria Washington, D.C. FINCH, EDWARD R., JR. New York, N.Y. STEPHEN GOROVE, Chairman Oxford, Mississippi All correspondance should be directed to the JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW, P.O. Box 308, University, MS 38677, USA. Tel./Fax: 601·234·2391. The 1997 subscription rates for individuals are $84.80 (domestic) and $89.80 (foreign) for two issues, including postage and handling The 1997 rates for organizations are $99.80 (domestic) and $104.80 (foreign) for two issues. Single issues may be ordered for $56 per issue. Copyright © JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW 1996. Suggested abbreviation: J. SPACE L. JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW A journal devoted to the legal problems arising out of human activities in outer space VOLUME 24 1996 NUMBER 2 CONTENTS In Memoriam ~ Tribute to Professor Dr. Daan Goedhuis. (N. J asentuliyana) I Articles Financing and Insurance Aspects of Spacecraft (I.H. Ph. Diederiks-Verschoor) 97 Are 'Stratospheric Platforms in Airspace or Outer Space? (M. -
Airbus Wins European Space Agency TRUTHS Mission Study for Metrological Traceability of Earth Observation Data
Airbus wins European Space Agency TRUTHS mission study for metrological traceability of Earth observation data TRUTHS to provide benchmark of Earth’s Radiation budget by consistent calibration traced to a metrological reference Consistent calibration will also enhance existing satellite missions @AirbusSpace @ESA_EO #SpaceMatters #satellite Stevenage, 3 November 2020 – Airbus has been awarded the lead in the European Space Agency (ESA) contract for the TRUTHS A/B1 (System feasibility Studies and Pre- Developments) as part of ESA’s Earth Observation Earth Watch programme. The TRUTHS satellite mission will collect measurements of the Sun radiation and of the sunlight reflected off Earth's surface traced to an absolute metrological reference, which will then be used to improve the climatological data sets and calibrate the observations of other satellites. This space-based climate and calibration observing system will enable data from other satellites to be compared more easily providing greater standards of data harmonisation for even more accurate climate change forecasts. TRUTHS stands for Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial and Helio Studies. The study will define the TRUTHS mission system implementation concept as well as focus on the preparation of critical technologies ahead of implementation of the mission in 2023. TRUTHS will carry a Cryogenic Solar Absolute Radiometer (CSAR) to provide a primary calibration standard in order to benchmark measurements of both incoming solar radiation and outgoing reflected radiation - measured with a Hyperspectral Imaging Sensor (HIS) also part of the payload - with unprecedented accuracy. These measurements will give the ability to estimate radiative imbalance underlying climate change and, importantly, in a shorter time than is currently possible. -
ARIANE 5 Data Relating to Flight 225
KOUROU August 2015 ARIANE 5 Data relating to Flight 225 EUTELSAT 8 West B Intelsat 34 Data relating to Flight 225 Flight 225 Ariane 5 Satellites: EUTELSAT 8 WEST B – INTELSAT 34 Content 1. Introduction .................................................................... 3 2. Launcher L579 ............................................................... 4 3. Mission V225 ............................................................... 10 4. Payloads ...................................................................... 19 5. Launch campaign ........................................................ 32 6. Launch window ............................................................ 35 7. Final countdown .......................................................... 36 8. Flight sequence ........................................................... 40 9. Airbus Defence and Space and the ARIANE programmes ........................................................................ 42 2 Data relating to Flight 225 1. Introduction Flight 225 is the 81st Ariane 5 launch and the fourth in 2015. It follows on from a series of 66 consecutive successful Ariane 5 launches. This is the 51st ARIANE 5 ECA (Cryogenic Evolution type A), the most powerful version in the ARIANE 5 range. Flight 225 is a commercial mission for Ariane 5. The L579 launcher is the twenty-fifth to be delivered by Airbus Defence and Space to Arianespace as part of the PB production batch. The PB production contract was signed in March 2009 to guarantee continuity of the launch service after completion -
71St Consecutive Successful Launch for Ariane 5
Kourou, 9 March 2016 71st consecutive successful launch for Ariane 5 ñ This second launch of the year, which placed again a single satellite into orbit, underscores the operational flexibility of the Ariane 5 launch system deployed by Airbus Safran Launchers, the industrial lead contractor for Ariane 5 and the future Ariane 6 ñ Another special feature of this launch was to conduct in-flight experiments, under the authority of the European Space Agency (ESA), studying the behaviour of propellants in conditions of weightlessness, as part of the Ariane 6 development process The 229th mission of the Ariane 5 launcher, successfully placing the Eutelsat telecommunication satellite EUTELSAT 65 West A in its geostationary transfer orbit, took place today from the European spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana. Launch performance was 6,707 kg (of which 6,564 kg was the actual satellite) to geostationary transfer orbit with an inclination of 0.5, thus optimising the lifetime of the satellite. This was the 8th launch of an Ariane 5 with Airbus Safran Launchers as lead contractor, in coordination with the teams from the parent companies, Airbus Defence and Space and Safran. For the second time this year, Airbus Safran Launchers has again demonstrated its ability to meet the needs requested by Arianespace to satisfy one of its main customers, adapting the launcher in record time to carry out an atypical single-satellite launch. The Ariane 5 ECA is optimised for dual satellite launches. "As with the previous launch, today's mission has been facilitated by the creation of Airbus Safran Launchers which, with Arianespace, enables us to improve how we anticipate requirements to adapt efficiently the production of the Ariane 5 launcher, and thus find the best win-win solution for the end customer, for Arianespace, and for all the companies involved in manufacturing the launchers," explained Alain Charmeau, CEO of Airbus Safran Launchers." This launch is also an opportunity to contribute to the development of the Ariane 6 launch system. -
Espinsights the Global Space Activity Monitor
ESPInsights The Global Space Activity Monitor Issue 6 April-June 2020 CONTENTS FOCUS ..................................................................................................................... 6 The Crew Dragon mission to the ISS and the Commercial Crew Program ..................................... 6 SPACE POLICY AND PROGRAMMES .................................................................................... 7 EUROPE ................................................................................................................. 7 COVID-19 and the European space sector ....................................................................... 7 Space technologies for European defence ...................................................................... 7 ESA Earth Observation Missions ................................................................................... 8 Thales Alenia Space among HLS competitors ................................................................... 8 Advancements for the European Service Module ............................................................... 9 Airbus for the Martian Sample Fetch Rover ..................................................................... 9 New appointments in ESA, GSA and Eurospace ................................................................ 10 Italy introduces Platino, regions launch Mirror Copernicus .................................................. 10 DLR new research observatory .................................................................................. -
An Elementary Approach Towards Satellite Communication
AN ELEMENTARY APPROACH TOWARDS SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Prof. Dr. Hari Krishnan GOPAKUMAR Prof. Dr. Ashok JAMMI AN ELEMENTARY APPROACH TOWARDS SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Prof. Dr. Hari Krishnan GOPAKUMAR Prof. Dr. Ashok JAMMI AN ELEMENTARY APPROACH TOWARDS SATELLITE COMMUNICATION WRITERS Prof. Dr. Hari Krishnan GOPAKUMAR Prof. Dr. Ashok JAMMI Güven Plus Group Consultancy Inc. Co. Publications: 06/2021 APRIL-2021 Publisher Certificate No: 36934 E-ISBN: 978-605-7594-89-1 Güven Plus Group Consultancy Inc. Co. Publications All kinds of publication rights of this scientific book belong to GÜVEN PLUS GROUP CONSULTANCY INC. CO. PUBLICATIONS. Without the written permission of the publisher, the whole or part of the book cannot be printed, broadcast, reproduced or distributed electronically, mechanically or by photocopying. The responsibility for all information and content in this Book, visuals, graphics, direct quotations and responsibility for ethics / institutional permission belongs to the respective authors. In case of any legal negativity, the institutions that support the preparation of the book, especially GÜVEN PLUS GROUP CONSULTANCY INC. CO. PUBLISHING, the institution (s) responsible for the editing and design of the book, and the book editors and other person (s) do not accept any “material and moral” liability and legal responsibility and cannot be taken under legal obligation. We reserve our rights in this respect as GÜVEN GROUP CONSULTANCY “PUBLISHING” INC. CO. in material and moral aspects. In any legal problem/situation TURKEY/ISTANBUL courts are authorized. This work, prepared and published by Güven Plus Group Consultancy Inc. Co., has ISO: 10002: 2014- 14001: 2004-9001: 2008-18001: 2007 certificates. This work is a branded work by the TPI “Turkish Patent Institute” with the registration number “Güven Plus Group Consultancy Inc.