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EASTMAIN-1 HYDROELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT Environmental EASTMAIN-1 Environmental Activities, HYDROELECTRIC 2002–2013 – Highlights DEVELOPMENT October 2014 EASTMAIN-1 HYDROELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT Environmental Activities, 2002–2013 – Highlights TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 › FOREWORD 2 › THE EASTMAIN-1 DEVELOPMENT AT A GLANCE 4 › CONSULTATION WITH THE CREES 4 › COMMITMENTS AND AGREEMENTS 5 › ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 6 › MITIGATION MEASURES AND FOLLOW-UP 6 › RIVIÈRE EASTMAIN DOWNSTREAM OF THE DAM – BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 8 › LAKE STURGEON 11 › EASTMAIN 1 RESERVOIR – AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT 12 › EASTMAIN 1 RESERVOIR – LAND AND SEMI-AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS 16 › CLEARING AND CLEAN-UP OF EASTMAIN 1 RESERVOIR 19 › CREE LAND USE 21 › JOBSITE REHABILITATION AND ENHANCEMENT 22 › SPORT HUNTING AND FISHING DURING CONSTRUCTION 23 › WILDLIFE MONITORING DURING RESERVOIR IMPOUNDMENT 24 › ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH 25 › MERCURY IN FISH 26 › ACTIVITIES STEMMING FROM THE NADOSHTIN AGREEMENT 28 › REGIONAL ECONOMIC SPINOFFS Cover photo: Dam and spillway Photo inset: Lake sturgeon released into the Rivière Eastmain 1 FOREWORD This report presents the highlights of the environmental activities carried out from 2002 to 2013 as part of the Eastmain-1 hydroelectric development, with a view to describing the environmental component of the project in general terms. The document is not intended to be exhaustive or to describe all of the measures Hydro-Québec has implemented to protect the natural and social environments but rather, provides an overview of the main actions taken in this regard. Further information can be obtained by consulting the Eastmain-1 project’s environmental reports from the 2009–2011 period, summaries of which are available on the Québec Hydropower: Energy for the Future page of the Hydro for the Future Web site (hydroforthefuture.com/home). For subsequent years, please refer to the reports from the Eastmain-1-A/Sarcelle/Rupert project on the same site. Since the two projects overlapped, their environmental follow-up programs were combined and have been included in a single annual summary report since 2012. It is important to note that the Eastmain-1 project was carried out in a spirit of cooperation between Hydro-Québec, Société d’énergie de la Baie James (SEBJ) and the Cree communities. In fact, the project’s social acceptability was significantly strengthened through a number of collaborative measures, including individual, group and working committee meetings, frequent communication and Cree participation in the studies and project work. Eastmain-1 powerhouse 2 EASTMAIN-1 HYDROELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT Environmental Activities, 2002–2013 – Highlights THE EASTMAIN-1 DEVELOPMENT AT A GLANCE The Eastmain-1 hydroelectric development was constructed on the Rivière Eastmain upstream of Opinaca reservoir, in the Baie-James region. PRINCIPAL CONTRACTOR: SEBJ OPERATOR: Hydro-Québec Production DURATION OF WORK: 2002–2006 MAIN COMPONENTS: › A 480-MW generating station (three 160-MW generating units) › A dam › 33 dikes › A 603-km2 reservoir › A spillway › A 315-kV transmission line running between the generating substation and Nemiscau substation › A 78-km road linking the development to the Route du Nord Hydro-Québec and SEBJ developed and implemented an extensive, 12-year environmental follow-up program with the following objectives: › To compare the project’s actual effects on the environment with those forecast in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIS) › To evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation measures implemented Eastmain-1 powerhouse intake Lac Sakami Kayikukupat Rivière Rivière Lac McNab du Vieux Rivière Comptoir Giard Rivière Lac du Lac Vieux Comptoir Boyd Rivière Utikanistikw Rivière Opinaca 3 77° Sarcelle powerhouse 76° 75° Conn Rivière Opinaca Opinaca la Pêche reservoir Eastmain Rivière Rivière Eastmain Rivière Rivière Rivière à Eastmain-1 powerhouse l'Eau au Mouton Froide Eastmain-1-A powerhouse ère Baie-James Cauouatstacau la Rivière Eastmain Jolicoeur Nord-Est 52° de Eastmain 1 reservoir Rivière Route Jolicur Truite 52° a Enistuwach Rupert tailbay Rivière Eastmain Rivière Lac Rivière Champion du Rivière Pontax Nemaska Route Nord Rupert forebay Nemiscau Lac Rivière Cawachagamite ère Rivière Rupert 0 12,5 25 km Broadback Lac Nemiscau Lambert, NAD83 77° 76° 75° 3105_tet_010_castor_141016.fh9 Lac Project location Lac Mesgouez Rivière Lac Colomb Lac Lac Lac Generating substationLe Cordier Lac Giffard à la Camousitchouane Lac Montmort Rivière Nottaway Du Tast Lac Marte Natastan Legoff Lac Lac Lac Lac Tésécau du Prêtre Lac Chaboullié Rodayer Villon Lac Île Île Kirk Canotaicane Lac Lac Peuvereau Dana Le Gardeur Lac Lac Robineau Avranches o Île Tchapahipane Spillway, looking downstream Iroquois Document d'information destiné aux publics concernés par le projet. Pour tout autre usage, communiquer avec : Géomatique, Hydro-Québec Équipement et services partagés. Lac Théodat Lac Mistassini Théodat Rivière Lac Evans Péninsule du F Lac Troilus Lac De L'Épervanche Rivièr Rivière Lac Lac Br Lac e oadback Bueil 4 EASTMAIN-1 HYDROELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT Environmental Activities, 2002–2013 – Highlights CONSULTATION WITH THE CREES The Eastmain-1 project stands out because of the remarkable commitment on the part of the Cree communities throughout its construction. The Crees participated in all aspects of the project, from developing and implementing the mitigation measures to building the structures and conducting the environmental follow-up studies. Cree businesses obtained contracts worth $430 million to conduct these activities. In addition, by sharing and putting their traditional knowledge to use, the Cree communities and the tallymen of the traplines affected by the project played an active role in carrying out the environmental studies and work. Contracts were awarded directly to the tallymen for different types of work, including land clearing and removal of wood debris. This was a first for both SEBJ and the Crees. Cree participant fishing for lake sturgeon in the Eastmain Crees working at the lake sturgeon production lab Crees helping to plan the wood debris inventories in Eastmain 1 reservoir COMMITMENTS AND AGREEMENTS The Agreement Concerning a New Relationship between the Gouvernement du Québec and the Crees of Québec (also known as the Paix des Braves) was signed on February 2, 2002. That same day, Hydro-Québec, SEBJ and the Crees of Québec signed nine agreements—one of which was the Nadoshtin Agreement—concerning the use of hydraulic resources in the Baie James region. The Nadoshtin Agreement made it possible for Hydro-Québec to go ahead with the Eastmain-1 project. In exchange, the company has made a number of commitments with a view to meeting the following objectives: › To reduce the project’s impacts on the environment › To protect the Cree way of life and encourage cooperation with the Cree communities › To promote the awarding of contracts to Cree businesses Signing of the Paix des Braves (2002) › To promote the training and hiring of Cree workers The program implemented to carry out mitigation measures and conduct environmental follow-up studies for the Eastmain-1 development stems from the above-mentioned com- mitments. Developed in cooperation with the Crees, the program reflects their concerns, as well as the experience acquired during the building of the La Grande complex. 5 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES The impoundment of Eastmain 1 reservoir involved flooding 603 km² of the territory. To preserve their way of life, the Crees had to adapt to the new conditions by changing the way they traveled in the territory and seeking out new hunting grounds, among other things. Furthermore, the creation of the reservoir led to significant changes in the hydrological regime in the stretch of the Eastmain between Eastmain-1 dam and Opinaca reservoir. This section of the river is frequented by lake sturgeon, a species highly valued by the Crees. Major environmental work was carried out to minimize the impacts arising from these changes. Downstream of the dam, the objective was to protect the aquatic environment and ensure the continued survival of lake sturgeon. In the reservoir, measures were taken to facilitate use of the area by the Crees and reduce the effect of impoundment on land animals and some species of fish. In jobsite areas, work was done to accelerate plant growth and prevent soil erosion. Cree camp Rivière Eastmain (KP 203) A Cree participant releases a sturgeon back into the water 6 EASTMAIN-1 HYDROELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT Environmental Activities, 2002–2013 – Highlights MITIGATION MEASURES AND FOLLOW-UP RIVIÈRE EASTMAIN DOWNSTREAM OF THE DAM – BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT The stretch of the Eastmain between KP 217 and KP 200 provides quality habitat for lake sturgeon and many other fish species. It is also one of the traditional navigation routes used by the Crees for subsistence hunting and fishing and to access areas farther east via the Rivière à l’Eau Claire. Evidence of erosion was already visible in a number of places along this stretch under natural conditions. The change in water level meant that erosion would likely increase and water quality could be affected. The flows released through the Eastmain-1 structures make it possible to maintain an instream flow of 140 m3/s at Eastmain-1 powerhouse. Banks protected with stone riprap downstream of KP 207 Vegetated drainage ditch at KP 214.5 of the Eastmain 7 Objectives Weir A weir was built at KP 207 to keep the water level at › To stabilize the riverbanks and thereby preserve 219 m up to KP 215, with a view to preventing bank water quality erosion and
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