Pure Australian Essential Oils
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The Following Carcinogenic Essential Oils Should Not Be Used In
Aromatherapy Undiluted- Safety and Ethics Copyright © Tony Burfield and Sylla Sheppard-Hanger (2005) [modified from a previous article “A Brief Safety Guidance on Essential Oils” written for IFA, Sept 2004]. Intro In the last 20 years aromatherapy has spread its influence to the household, toiletries and personal care areas: consumer products claiming to relax or invigorate our psyche’s have invaded our bathrooms, kitchen and living room areas. The numbers of therapists using essential oils in Europe and the USA has grown from a handful in the early 1980’s to thousands now worldwide. We have had time to add to our bank of knowledge on essential oils from reflecting on many decades of aromatherapeutic development and history, the collection of anecdotal information from practicing therapists, as well as from clinical & scientific investigations. We have also had enough time to consider the risks in employing essential oils in therapy. In the last twenty years, many more people have had accidents, been ‘burnt’, developed rashes, become allergic, and become sensitized to our beloved tools. Why is this? In this paper, we hope to shed light on this issue, clarify current safety findings, and discuss how Aromatherapists and those in the aromatherapy trade (suppliers, spas, etc.) can interpret this data for continued safe practice. After a refresher on current safety issues including carcinogenic and toxic oils, irritant and photo-toxic oils, we will look at allergens, oils without formal testing, pregnancy issues and medication interactions. We will address the increasing numbers of cases of sensitization and the effect of diluting essential oils. -
33640 to 33642. Oat. Larch. Cumin
APKIL 1 TO JUNE 30, 1912. 39 33640 to 33642. From Pusa, Bengal, India. Presented by Mr. A. 0. Dobba, Assistant Inspector General of Agriculture in India. Received May 9, 19J2. Seeds of the following: 33640. ALYSICARPUS VAGINALIS NUMMULARIPOLIUS Baker. "A tall-growing legume, readily eaten by cattle. Where much pastured it tends to become dense and prostrate." (C. V. Piper.) Distribution.—Found with the species, throughout the Tropics of the Old World. 33641. AMERIMNON SISSOO (Roxb.) Kuntze. Sissoo. (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) "This requires frequent watering for germination. In fact, the seeds ger- minate normally on flooded river banks, but will stand a considerable amount of heat and drought as well as slight cold." (Dobbs.) 33642. INDIGOFERA LINIFOLIA (L. f.) Retz. See Nos. 32431 and 32782 for previous introductions. 33643. BACKHOUSIA CITRIODORA Mueller. From Sunnybank, Queensland. Purchased from Mr. John Williams, Sunnybank Nursery. Received May 9, 1912. "This is rapidly becoming extinct, owing to the wholesale destruction of timber for close settlement.'' (Williams.) "A shrub or small tree native to southern Queensland, Australia, allied to Eucalyp- tus. The leaves yield 4 per cent of fragrant volatile oil, appearing to consist almost entirely of citral, the valuable constituent of all lemon oils. Appears promising for commercial culture." (W. Van Fiett.) Distribution.—A tall shrub or small tree, found in the vicinity of Moreton Bay, in Queensland, Australia. 33644. AVENA SATIVA L. Oat. From Hamilton East, New Zealand. Presented by Mr. P. McConnell, manager Runakura Experimental Farm, at the direction of the Director of Fields and Experiment Farms, Department of Agriculture, Commerce, and Tourists. -
Understanding and Managing the Transition Using Essential Oils Vs
MENOPAUSE: UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGING THE TRANSITION USING ESSENTIAL OILS VS. TRADITIONAL ALLOPATHIC MEDICINE by Melissa A. Clanton A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Diploma of Aromatherapy 401 Australasian College of Health Sciences Instructors: Dorene Petersen, Erica Petersen, E. Joy Bowles, Marcangelo Puccio, Janet Bennion, Judika Illes, and Julie Gatti TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables and Figures............................................................................ iv Acknowledgments........................................................................................ v Introduction.................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1 – Female Reproduction 1a – The Female Reproductive System............................................. 4 1b - The Female Hormones.............................................................. 9 1c – The Menstrual Cycle and Pregnancy....................................... 12 Chapter 2 – Physiology of Menopause 2a – What is Menopause? .............................................................. 16 2b - Physiological Changes of Menopause ..................................... 20 2c – Symptoms of Menopause ....................................................... 23 Chapter 3 – Allopathic Approaches To Menopausal Symptoms 3a –Diagnosis and Common Medical Treatments........................... 27 3b – Side Effects and Risks of Hormone Replacement Therapy ...... 32 3c – Retail Cost of Common Hormone Replacement -
PLATE: Aleurltes Pordli. Fruit of China Wood-Oil Tree. 556
555 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGI BUREAU OP PLANT INDUSTRY/ OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION. NO. 76. BULLETIN OF FOREIGN PLANT INTRODUCTIONS. May 1 to 31, 1912. NEW PLANT IMMIGRANTS. (NOTE: Applications for material listed in this bulletin may be made a*t any time to this Office. As they are received they are filed, and when the material is ready for the use of experimenters it is sent to those on the list of applicants who can show that they are prepared to care for it, as well as to others selected because of their special fitness to experiment with the particular plants imported. One of the main objects of the Office of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction is to secure material for plant experi- menters, and it will undertake as far as possible to fill any specific requests for foreign seeds or plants from plant breeders and others interested.) GENERA REPRESENTED IN THIS NUMBER. Acer 33355-356 Heterophragma 33547 33588 Indigofera 33608 Alysicarpus 33598 Lagerstroemia 33548 33600 Lithraea 33697 33640 Medicago 33711-712 Andropogon 33596 Meibomia 33591 33597 Musa 33689 Avena 33644 Nicotiana 33671 Backhousia 33643 Opuntia 33321-335 Beaumontia 33544 33340 • Capsicum 33637 Pennisetum 33611-612 Crotalaria 33604-605 Pimenta 33716 Cucumis 33703 Porana 33549 Cumlnum 33646 Prunus 33657-665 Erythrina 33673 Ruellia 33713 Eugenia 33705 Schinus 33698 PLATE: Aleurltes Pordli. fruit of China wood-oil tree. 556 MATTER IN THIS BULLETIN IS NOT TO BE PUBLISHED WITHOUT SPECIAL PERMISSION. ACER GINNALA SEMENOVII. (Aceraceae. )' 33355-356. Seeds of a maple from the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden. -
Genotoxic, Cytotoxic and Fungicidal Activity of the Essential Oil Extracted from the Leaves and Fruits of the Pink Pepper (Schinus Terebinthifolius Raddi)
AJCS 15(07):997-1004 (2021) ISSN:1835-2707 doi: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.07.p2962 Genotoxic, cytotoxic and fungicidal activity of the essential oil extracted from the leaves and fruits of the pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) Maísa Lamounier Magalhães1, Marisa Ionta2, Guilherme Álvaro Ferreira2, Marina Leopoldina Lamounier Campidelli1, Alex Rodrigues Silva Caetano3, Rafaela Magalhães Brandão3, David Lee Nelson4, Maria das Graças Cardoso3* 1Department of Foods, Federal University of Lavras, C.P. 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil 2Department of Integrative Animal Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, CEP 37130-000, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil 3Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, C.P. 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil 4Pro-Rectory of Research and Post-Graduation, Federal University of Vales de Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi is a tree present in Latin America, mainly in Brazil. The essential oils obtained from its leaves (LEO) and fruits (FEO) were evaluated for chemical composition cytotoxic, genotoxic and antifungal activities. The extraction of the essential oils was accomplished by the hydrodistillation technique. The characterization and quantification of the constituents were performed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry detector and gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector, respectively. The cytotoxic assay using tumor cells (lung adenocarcinoma, breast carcinoma, and melanoma) and normal cells was determined by the MTS assay. Genotoxic potential on normal cells was evaluated by Cometa assay. The analysis of antifungal activity was performed by evaluating the inhibitory effect on the growth of the Aspergillys carbonarius and Aspergillus flavus filamentous fungi using the disc diffusion test. -
The Pharmacological and Therapeutic Importance of Eucalyptus Species Grown in Iraq
IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy www.iosrphr.org (e)-ISSN: 2250-3013, (p)-ISSN: 2319-4219 Volume 7, Issue 3 Version.1 (March 2017), PP. 72-91 The pharmacological and therapeutic importance of Eucalyptus species grown in Iraq Prof Dr Ali Esmail Al-Snafi Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Thi qar University, Iraq Abstract:- Eucalyptus species grown in Iraq were included Eucalyptus bicolor (Syn: Eucalyptus largiflorens), Eucalyptus griffithsii, Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Syn: Eucalyptus rostrata) Eucalyptus incrassate, Eucalyptus torquata and Eucalyptus microtheca (Syn: Eucalyptus coolabahs). Eucalypts contained volatile oils which occurred in many parts of the plant, depending on the species, but in the leaves that oils were most plentiful. The main constituent of the volatile oil derived from fresh leaves of Eucalyptus species was 1,8-cineole. The reported content of 1,8-cineole varies for 54-95%. The most common constituents co-occurring with 1,8- cineole were limonene, α-terpineol, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, globulol and α , β and ϒ-eudesmol, and aromatic constituents. The pharmacological studies revealed that Eucalypts possessed gastrointestinal, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, insecticidal, repellent, oral and dental, dermatological, nasal and many other effects. The current review highlights the chemical constituents and pharmacological and therapeutic activities of Eucalyptus species grown in Iraq. Keywords: Eucalyptus species, constituents, pharmacological, therapeutic I. INTRODUCTION: In the last few decades there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine. It is getting popularized in developing and developed countries owing to its natural origin and lesser side effects. Plants are a valuable source of a wide range of secondary metabolites, which are used as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavours, fragrances, colours, biopesticides and food additives [1-50]. -
Essential Oil Flavours and Fragrances
Authenticating Essential Oil Flavours and Fragrances Using Enantiomeric Composition Analysis A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation by Professor RC Menary and Ms SM Garland University of Tasmania October 1999 RIRDC Publication No 99/125 RIRDC Project No UT-15A i © 1999 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation All rights reserved. ISBN 0 642 57906 7 ISSN 1440-6845 Authenticating Essential Oil Flavours and Fragrances - Using Enantiomeric Composition Analysis Publication no 99/125 Project no.UT-15A The views expressed and the conclusions reached in this publication are those of the author and not necessarily those of persons consulted. RIRDC shall not be responsible in any way whatsoever to any person who relies in whole or in part on the contents of this report. This publication is copyright. However, RIRDC encourages wide dissemination of its research, providing the Corporation is clearly acknowledged. For any other enquiries concerning reproduction, contact the Publications Manager on phone 02 6272 3186. Researcher Contact Details Prof. Robert C. Menary Ms Sandra M. Garland School of Agricultural Science University of Tasmania GPO Box 252 C Hobart Tas 7001 Phone: (03) 6226 6723 Fax: (03) 6226 7609 RIRDC Contact Details Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 1, AMA House 42 Macquarie Street BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Phone: 02 6272 4539 Fax: 02 6272 5877 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.rirdc.gov.au Published in October 1999 Printed on environmentally friendly paper by Canprint ii Foreword The introduction of international standards to quantify and qualify properties of essential oils has seen the increasing application of analytical technology. -
Lavender Essential Oil: a Review
Australian Infection Control Lavender essential oil: a review Heather MA Cavanagh BSc(Hons) Microbiology Jenny M Wilkinson BSc(Hons)(Qld),GradDip FET(SQld), (University of Glasgow), PhD(Macq) PhD Molecular Virology (University of Glasgow), School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW PGCE (Strathclyde University) School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, NSW Abstract Lavender essential oil is popular as a complementary medicine in its own right and as an additive to many over the counter complementary medicine and cosmetic products ' \ Indeed, products derived from the popular garden herb Lavender (Lavandula spp.) have been used for centuries as a therapeutic agent, with the more 'recent ' addition, the essential oils derived from these plants, being widely used as an antibacterial in World War I],! The oil is traditionally believed to have sedative, carminative, anti-depressive and anti- inflammatory properties, in addition to its recognised antimicrobial effects. Many of the activities attributed to lavender oil have not, however, been substantiated in the scientific literature. This is further complicated by the fact that the majority of research into lavender essential oils has been based on oil derived from English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), with little or no differentiation being made between this and other lavender essential oils. The therapeutic potential of essential oils produced from other varieties, such as L. x intermedia (lavandin), L. stoechas (French lavender) and L. x allardii, have -
Throat Coat® LEMON ECHINACEA Throat Coat® LEMON ECHINACEA
.................................................................................... Created by Created Throat Coat Throat LEMON ECHINACEA supports 3.07087 organic Throat Health* 3.07087 0.78740 3.07087 Herbalists ® 0.34375 0.98419 0.98425 organic MONTH / YEAR / LOT: IF USED BY BEST organic Supplement Facts Throat Coat® LEMON ECHINACEA Serving Size 1 Cup Brewed Tea Servings Per Container 16 Throat Coat® LEMON ECHINACEA .................................................... Amount Per Serving %DV Some of our favorite organic licorice Calories 0 Personality ........................ root is Smooth and silky. sustainably wild collected All Herbal Ingredients: from fields in Kazakhstan, where 053B Organic Echinacea purpurea root [PhEur]** 600 mg † Herbal Power ................... 14 collectors harvest for nine months †† 0.34375 Organic licorice root 550 mg † Helps you sing it loud, say it proud, out of the year. Although licorice 0.96875 grows like a weed and its wild stands Organic licorice root dry aqueous extract 6:1 50 mg † stand up and be heard—plus, gives Echinacea purpurea stretch as far as the eye can see, Proprietary Blend: 800 mg your immune system a boost!* Glycyrrhiza glabra our collectors rotate which fields Organic marshmallow leaf † they harvest to ensure Organic lemon myrtle leaf (Backhousia citriodora) † Reason to Love ............................................. sustainability of this Organic marshmallow root † With a smooth and silky feeling, this blend of comforting important resource. Organic fennel fruit † and slightly slimy-in-a-good-way herbs is like taking your We are careful to Organic sweet orange peel † voice on a vacation. We love licorice root for its sweet, use mature roots Created by Herbalists Organic cinnamon bark † harmonizing characteristics and marshmallow for its because they contain .................................................................................. -
List of Plants in Government Botanical Garden, Udhagamandalam
List of Plants in Government Botanical Garden, Udhagamandalam. S.No Name Family Description 1 Abelia chinensis R.Br. Caprifoliaceae A semi ever green shrub with ovate leaves, rounded at the base and serrate at the marigins. The mid rib is hairy on the under surface. Flowers are white and funnel shaped. And are borne in terminal, dense panicles during Septmper- Novemeber. 2 Abelia floribunda Caprifoliaceae A semi scandent evergreen shrub with large pendulous Decaisne flowers. Corolla tubular and carmine-purple. Flowers during Septmber-November. Height 8-12 feet; Spread 6-8 feet. 3 Abelia grandiflora Caprifoliaceae An ever green shrub. The foliage is dense, dark greren and Rehd. shining above. 4 Abutilon Malvaceae Flowering maple. Chinese Bell flower. megapotamicaum St. Slender wiry shrub with numerous bell shaped and drooping Sill & Naud. flowers. Calyx bright red: There are innumerable varieties. Propagated by new wood cutting. Useful for baskets and vases. Best suited in mixed shrub beries. Demon yellow flowers with bight red calyx. 5 Abutilon Malvaceae Bears attractive green leaves variegated with white colour. megapotamicun var. varigata. 6 Abutilon pictum Flowers orange or yellow, veined crimson. Walp. 7 Acacia armata R. Br. Leguminaceae Kangaroo thorn. A spreading evergreen shrub with pendent finger like branchlets. 8 A. confusa Leguminaceae A tall tree with terete branchlets. Phyllodia narrow lanceolate, Economically valuable as timber. Can be planted as single specimen on slopes. 9 A. dealbata Link. Leguminaceae Silver wattle. A tall quick growing tree with smooth bark and grey pubescent branchlets. Leaflets silvey grey to light green,. Flowers during August to November. Grown for its tannin and fuel. -
Chemistry, Bioactivity and Prospects for Australian Agriculture
Agriculture 2015, 5, 48-102; doi:10.3390/agriculture5010048 OPEN ACCESS agriculture ISSN 2077-0472 www.mdpi.com/journal/agriculture Review A Contemporary Introduction to Essential Oils: Chemistry, Bioactivity and Prospects for Australian Agriculture Nicholas Sadgrove * and Graham Jones Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals Group, Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, University of New England, S & T McClymont Building UNE, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-481-130-595. Academic Editor: Muraleedharan G. Nair Received: 1 November 2014 / Accepted: 10 February 2015 / Published: 3 March 2015 Abstract: This review is a comprehensive introduction to pertinent aspects of the extraction methodology, chemistry, analysis and pharmacology of essential oils, whilst providing a background of general organic chemistry concepts to readers from non-chemistry oriented backgrounds. Furthermore, it describes the historical aspects of essential oil research whilst exploring contentious issues of terminology. This follows with an examination of essential oil producing plants in the Australian context with particular attention to Aboriginal custom use, historical successes and contemporary commercial prospects. Due to the harsh dry environment of the Australian landmass, particularly to the cyclical climatic variation attendant upon repeated glaciation/post-glaciation cycles, the arid regions have evolved a rich assortment of unique endemic essential oil yielding plants. Though some of these aromatic plants (particularly myrtaceous species) have given birth to commercially valuable industries, much remains to be discovered. Given the market potential, it is likely that recent discoveries in our laboratory and elsewhere will lead to new product development. -
The Australian Lavender Industry a Review of Oil Production and Related Products
The Australian Lavender Industry A Review of Oil Production and Related Products A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation by Lee Peterson Serve-Ag Pty Ltd May 2002 RIRDC Publication No 02/052 RIRDC Project No: SAG-2A © 2002 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 0642 58451 6 ISSN 1440-6845 The Australian Lavender Industry – A Review of Oil Production and Related Products Publication 02/052 Project No: SAG-2A The views expressed and the conclusions reached in this publication are those of the author and not necessarily those of persons consulted. RIRDC shall not be responsible in any way whatsoever to any person who relies in whole or in part on the contents of this report. This publication is copyright. However, RIRDC encourages wide dissemination of its research, providing the Corporation is clearly acknowledged. For any other enquiries concerning reproduction, contact the Publications Manager on phone 02 6272 3186. Researcher Contact Details (Dr Lee Peterson ServeAg Pty Ltd PO Box 149 Glenorchy Tas 7010 Phone: (03) 6233 5522 Fax: (03) 6273 6688 Email: [email protected] In submitting this report, the researcher has agreed to RIRDC publishing this material in its edited form. RIRDC Contact Details Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 1, AMA House 42 Macquarie Street BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Phone: 02 6272 4539 Fax: 02 6272 5877 Email: [email protected]. Website: http://www.rirdc.gov.au Published in May 2002. Reprinted in January 2005 Printed on environmentally friendly paper by Canprint ii Foreword Interest in growing lavender in Australia has increased significantly over the last 5 years.