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The Following Carcinogenic Essential Oils Should Not Be Used In
Aromatherapy Undiluted- Safety and Ethics Copyright © Tony Burfield and Sylla Sheppard-Hanger (2005) [modified from a previous article “A Brief Safety Guidance on Essential Oils” written for IFA, Sept 2004]. Intro In the last 20 years aromatherapy has spread its influence to the household, toiletries and personal care areas: consumer products claiming to relax or invigorate our psyche’s have invaded our bathrooms, kitchen and living room areas. The numbers of therapists using essential oils in Europe and the USA has grown from a handful in the early 1980’s to thousands now worldwide. We have had time to add to our bank of knowledge on essential oils from reflecting on many decades of aromatherapeutic development and history, the collection of anecdotal information from practicing therapists, as well as from clinical & scientific investigations. We have also had enough time to consider the risks in employing essential oils in therapy. In the last twenty years, many more people have had accidents, been ‘burnt’, developed rashes, become allergic, and become sensitized to our beloved tools. Why is this? In this paper, we hope to shed light on this issue, clarify current safety findings, and discuss how Aromatherapists and those in the aromatherapy trade (suppliers, spas, etc.) can interpret this data for continued safe practice. After a refresher on current safety issues including carcinogenic and toxic oils, irritant and photo-toxic oils, we will look at allergens, oils without formal testing, pregnancy issues and medication interactions. We will address the increasing numbers of cases of sensitization and the effect of diluting essential oils. -
Wild Mersey Mountain Bike Development
Wild Mersey Mountain Bike Development Natural Values Report Warrawee Conservation Area through to Railton Prepared for : Kentish Council and Latrobe Council Report prepared by: Matt Rose Natural State PO Box 139, Ulverstone, TAS, 7315 www.naturalstate.com.au 1 | NATURAL STATE – PO Box 139, Ulverstone TAS 7315. Mobile: 0437 971 144 www.naturalstate.com.au Table of contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 5 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 6 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Description of the proposed development activities ...................................................................... 6 1.3 Description of the study areas ............................................................................................................ 8 1.4 The Warrawee Conservation Area ..................................................................................................... 8 1.5 Warrawee to Railton trail ..................................................................................................................... 8 2 Methodology .............................................................................................................................................. -
Research Article the Potential of Tasmannia Lanceolata As a Natural
The Potential of Tasmannia lanceolata as a Natural Preservative and Medicinal Agent: Antimicrobial Activity and Toxicity Author Winnett, Veronica, Boyer, H., P, Joseph, Cock, Ian Published 2014 Journal Title Pharmacognosy Communications DOI https://doi.org/10.5530/pc.2014.1.7 Copyright Statement © 2014 Phcog.net. The attached file is reproduced here in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. Please refer to the journal's website for access to the definitive, published version. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/62509 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Pharmacognosy Communications www.phcogcommn.org Volume 4 | Issue 1 | Jan–Mar 2014 Research Article The potential of tasmannia lanceolata as a natural preservative and medicinal agent: antimicrobial activity and toxicity V. Winnetta, H. Boyerb, J. Sirdaartaa,c and I. E. Cocka,c* aBiomolecular and Physical Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia bEcole Supérieure d’Ingénieurs en Développement Agroalimentaire Intégré, Université de la Réunion, Parc Technologique, 2 rue Joseph Wetzell, 27490 Sainte Clotilde, Ile de La Réunion cEnvironmental Futures Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia ABSTRACT: Introduction: Tasmannia lanceolata is an endemic Australian plant with a history of use by indigenous Australians as a food and as a medicinal agent. Methods: T. lanceolata solvent extracts were investigated by disc diffusion assay against a panel of bacteria and fungi and their MIC values were determined to quantify and compare their efficacies. Toxicity was determined using the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Results: All T. lanceolata extracts displayed antibacterial activity in the disc diffusion assay. -
33640 to 33642. Oat. Larch. Cumin
APKIL 1 TO JUNE 30, 1912. 39 33640 to 33642. From Pusa, Bengal, India. Presented by Mr. A. 0. Dobba, Assistant Inspector General of Agriculture in India. Received May 9, 19J2. Seeds of the following: 33640. ALYSICARPUS VAGINALIS NUMMULARIPOLIUS Baker. "A tall-growing legume, readily eaten by cattle. Where much pastured it tends to become dense and prostrate." (C. V. Piper.) Distribution.—Found with the species, throughout the Tropics of the Old World. 33641. AMERIMNON SISSOO (Roxb.) Kuntze. Sissoo. (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) "This requires frequent watering for germination. In fact, the seeds ger- minate normally on flooded river banks, but will stand a considerable amount of heat and drought as well as slight cold." (Dobbs.) 33642. INDIGOFERA LINIFOLIA (L. f.) Retz. See Nos. 32431 and 32782 for previous introductions. 33643. BACKHOUSIA CITRIODORA Mueller. From Sunnybank, Queensland. Purchased from Mr. John Williams, Sunnybank Nursery. Received May 9, 1912. "This is rapidly becoming extinct, owing to the wholesale destruction of timber for close settlement.'' (Williams.) "A shrub or small tree native to southern Queensland, Australia, allied to Eucalyp- tus. The leaves yield 4 per cent of fragrant volatile oil, appearing to consist almost entirely of citral, the valuable constituent of all lemon oils. Appears promising for commercial culture." (W. Van Fiett.) Distribution.—A tall shrub or small tree, found in the vicinity of Moreton Bay, in Queensland, Australia. 33644. AVENA SATIVA L. Oat. From Hamilton East, New Zealand. Presented by Mr. P. McConnell, manager Runakura Experimental Farm, at the direction of the Director of Fields and Experiment Farms, Department of Agriculture, Commerce, and Tourists. -
Tasmannia Lanceolata
ASPECTS OF LEAF AND EXTRACT PRODUCTION from Tasmannia lanceolata by Chris Read, B. Agr.Sc. Tas. Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Tasmania, Hobart December 1995 ' s~, ... ~~ \ ·'(11 a_C\14 \t\J. \I ' This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any University, and to the best of my knowledge, contains no copy or paraphrase of material previously written or published by any other person except where due reference is given in the text. University of Tasmania HOBART March 1996 This thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968 University of Tasmania HOBART March 1996 Abstract This thesis examines several aspects of the preparation, extraction and analysis of solvent soluble compounds from leaf material of Tasmannia lanceolata and reports a preliminary survey of extracts of some members of the natural population of the species in Tasmania. A major constituent of these extracts, polygodial, was shown to be stored within specialised idioblastic structures scattered throughout the mesophyll, and characterised by distinctive size and shape, and a thickened wall. The contents of these cells were sampled directly, analysed and compared with the composition of extracts derived from ground, dry whole leaf. This result was supported by spectroscopic analysis of undisturbed oil cells in whole leaf tissue. In a two year field trial, the progressive accumulation of a number of leaf extract constituents (linalool, cubebene, caryophyllene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, cadina-1,4 - diene, aristolone and polygodial) during the growth flush was followed by a slow decline during the subsequent dormant season. -
PLATE: Aleurltes Pordli. Fruit of China Wood-Oil Tree. 556
555 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGI BUREAU OP PLANT INDUSTRY/ OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION. NO. 76. BULLETIN OF FOREIGN PLANT INTRODUCTIONS. May 1 to 31, 1912. NEW PLANT IMMIGRANTS. (NOTE: Applications for material listed in this bulletin may be made a*t any time to this Office. As they are received they are filed, and when the material is ready for the use of experimenters it is sent to those on the list of applicants who can show that they are prepared to care for it, as well as to others selected because of their special fitness to experiment with the particular plants imported. One of the main objects of the Office of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction is to secure material for plant experi- menters, and it will undertake as far as possible to fill any specific requests for foreign seeds or plants from plant breeders and others interested.) GENERA REPRESENTED IN THIS NUMBER. Acer 33355-356 Heterophragma 33547 33588 Indigofera 33608 Alysicarpus 33598 Lagerstroemia 33548 33600 Lithraea 33697 33640 Medicago 33711-712 Andropogon 33596 Meibomia 33591 33597 Musa 33689 Avena 33644 Nicotiana 33671 Backhousia 33643 Opuntia 33321-335 Beaumontia 33544 33340 • Capsicum 33637 Pennisetum 33611-612 Crotalaria 33604-605 Pimenta 33716 Cucumis 33703 Porana 33549 Cumlnum 33646 Prunus 33657-665 Erythrina 33673 Ruellia 33713 Eugenia 33705 Schinus 33698 PLATE: Aleurltes Pordli. fruit of China wood-oil tree. 556 MATTER IN THIS BULLETIN IS NOT TO BE PUBLISHED WITHOUT SPECIAL PERMISSION. ACER GINNALA SEMENOVII. (Aceraceae. )' 33355-356. Seeds of a maple from the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden. -
Genotoxic, Cytotoxic and Fungicidal Activity of the Essential Oil Extracted from the Leaves and Fruits of the Pink Pepper (Schinus Terebinthifolius Raddi)
AJCS 15(07):997-1004 (2021) ISSN:1835-2707 doi: 10.21475/ajcs.21.15.07.p2962 Genotoxic, cytotoxic and fungicidal activity of the essential oil extracted from the leaves and fruits of the pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) Maísa Lamounier Magalhães1, Marisa Ionta2, Guilherme Álvaro Ferreira2, Marina Leopoldina Lamounier Campidelli1, Alex Rodrigues Silva Caetano3, Rafaela Magalhães Brandão3, David Lee Nelson4, Maria das Graças Cardoso3* 1Department of Foods, Federal University of Lavras, C.P. 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil 2Department of Integrative Animal Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, CEP 37130-000, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil 3Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, C.P. 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil 4Pro-Rectory of Research and Post-Graduation, Federal University of Vales de Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi is a tree present in Latin America, mainly in Brazil. The essential oils obtained from its leaves (LEO) and fruits (FEO) were evaluated for chemical composition cytotoxic, genotoxic and antifungal activities. The extraction of the essential oils was accomplished by the hydrodistillation technique. The characterization and quantification of the constituents were performed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry detector and gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector, respectively. The cytotoxic assay using tumor cells (lung adenocarcinoma, breast carcinoma, and melanoma) and normal cells was determined by the MTS assay. Genotoxic potential on normal cells was evaluated by Cometa assay. The analysis of antifungal activity was performed by evaluating the inhibitory effect on the growth of the Aspergillys carbonarius and Aspergillus flavus filamentous fungi using the disc diffusion test. -
Skin Lightening / Brightening Skin Lightening / Brightening
Skin Lightening / Brightening Skin Lightening / Brightening Açai Oil AlphaWhiteness® (INCI: Euterpe oleracea) (INCI: Bisabolol and Euterpe oleracea fruit oil) Açaí is a fruit rich in vitamins, fatty acids AlphaWhiteness® is a new natural whitening (omega 3, 6, 9) and antioxidants. It shows active with proven efficacy which promotes the nutritious, moisturising and protective lightness, softness, recovery and uniformity of the properties for the skin against negative skin. It intervenes in the production of melanin, actions of external agents. It is effective in inhibiting the enzyme tyrosinase, the rate of α- hyperpigmentation treatments, skin blemish MSH and the transference of pigments to the and dark circles. With sensory action, giving keratinocytes, decreasing the melanogenesis and a velvety texture to the skin. skin darkening. Recommended usage level: 1- 5 % Recommended usage level: 0.1 - 3% Amiperfect ER BeautySYN Bright (INCI: Gaultheria Procumbens (Wintergreen) (INCI: Dextran, Origanum Vulgare Leaf Extract, Leaf Extract) Butylene Glycol) Amiperfect ER is the first 100% natural BeautySYN Bright provides a prolonged skin salicylic acid molecule extracted from luminosity effect from an innovative and patented wintergreen. This amazing alternative to technology which entraps the Origamum Vulgare synthetic salicylic acid is an all-natural Leaf (Oregano) in a natural polymer controlling its product, which provides the effects of a release over time and aiding stability. recognised powerful cosmetic ingredient for Oregano contains Polyphenols which are known a bright complexion, due to it being a for their antioxidant properties and inhibiting powerful cellular regenerator. Tyrosinase. BeautySYN Bright helps to It is the cosmetic ally of mature, dull or oily significantly reduce the number of dark spots after skin with blemishes. -
Pressurized Hot Water Extraction and Capillary Electrophoresis for Green and Fast Analysis of Useful Metabolites in Plants
molecules Article Pressurized Hot Water Extraction and Capillary Electrophoresis for Green and Fast Analysis of Useful Metabolites in Plants Kurt Debruille 1,2, Jason A. Smith 3 and Joselito P. Quirino 1,* 1 Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, 7001 Tasmania, Australia 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium 3 School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, 7001 Tasmania, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] Received: 13 June 2019; Accepted: 25 June 2019; Published: 26 June 2019 Abstract: The search for useful compounds from plants is an important research area. Traditional screening that involves isolation and identification/quantitation is tedious, time consuming, and generates a significant amount of chemical waste. Here, we present a simple, fast, and green strategy to assess 0.1% wt/wt quantities of useful compounds in plants/spices using pressurized hot ≥ water extraction using a household espresso machine followed by chemical analysis using capillary electrophoresis. Three demonstrations with polygodial, cinnamaldehyde, coumarin, and shikimic acid as target metabolites are shown. Direct analysis of extracts was by the developed micellar electrokinetic chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis methods. The approach, which can be implemented in less developed countries, can process many samples within a day, much faster than traditional techniques that would normally take at least a day. Finally, 0.8–1.1% wt/wt levels of shikimic acid were found in Tasmanian-pepperberry and Tasmanian-fuschia leaves via the approach. -
Throat Coat® LEMON ECHINACEA Throat Coat® LEMON ECHINACEA
.................................................................................... Created by Created Throat Coat Throat LEMON ECHINACEA supports 3.07087 organic Throat Health* 3.07087 0.78740 3.07087 Herbalists ® 0.34375 0.98419 0.98425 organic MONTH / YEAR / LOT: IF USED BY BEST organic Supplement Facts Throat Coat® LEMON ECHINACEA Serving Size 1 Cup Brewed Tea Servings Per Container 16 Throat Coat® LEMON ECHINACEA .................................................... Amount Per Serving %DV Some of our favorite organic licorice Calories 0 Personality ........................ root is Smooth and silky. sustainably wild collected All Herbal Ingredients: from fields in Kazakhstan, where 053B Organic Echinacea purpurea root [PhEur]** 600 mg † Herbal Power ................... 14 collectors harvest for nine months †† 0.34375 Organic licorice root 550 mg † Helps you sing it loud, say it proud, out of the year. Although licorice 0.96875 grows like a weed and its wild stands Organic licorice root dry aqueous extract 6:1 50 mg † stand up and be heard—plus, gives Echinacea purpurea stretch as far as the eye can see, Proprietary Blend: 800 mg your immune system a boost!* Glycyrrhiza glabra our collectors rotate which fields Organic marshmallow leaf † they harvest to ensure Organic lemon myrtle leaf (Backhousia citriodora) † Reason to Love ............................................. sustainability of this Organic marshmallow root † With a smooth and silky feeling, this blend of comforting important resource. Organic fennel fruit † and slightly slimy-in-a-good-way herbs is like taking your We are careful to Organic sweet orange peel † voice on a vacation. We love licorice root for its sweet, use mature roots Created by Herbalists Organic cinnamon bark † harmonizing characteristics and marshmallow for its because they contain .................................................................................. -
MOUNTAIN PEPPER Tasmannia Lanceolata
focus on MOUNTAIN PEPPER Tasmannia lanceolata Part of an R&D program managed by the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Overview Mountain pepper is also commonly referred Mountain pepper to as native pepper, Tasmanian pepper, Source: Defining the Unique Flavours of Australian Native Foods pepperberry and pepperleaf. Both berries Mountain pepper is found naturally in the wet forests and shrublands of south-east and leaves have a hot, spicy and aromatic Australia, extending, at higher altitudes, as far as the Hastings River catchment in flavour. mid-north New South Wales. It is typically found in higher rainfall regions It flourishes after the removal of wet forest or rainforest canopies, and wild harvest of south-east Australia and the majority of from several stands on previously cleared land in Tasmania and Victoria supplies production is currently derived from most of the current market. wild-harvested stands on previously cleared land in Victoria and Tasmania. However, The unreliability of wild fruit production is an issue for the industry - it’s not unusual there are some small plantations. for years with large crops to be interspersed with seasons of negligible fruit set. Mountain pepper is recognised in Indigenous There are now some small areas of plantation, although few producers rely solely on culture, although details are scarce. It was mountain pepper for all their farm income. Longer term, sustainable industry growth used early after European settlement as a will necessitate further investment in plantations. flavouring ingredient and was identified as having commercial potential in 1804. There is considerable diversity among varieties, allowing producers setting up plantations to choose those with characteristics suited to their location or practices. -
Edible Native Plants Cheeseberry Leptecophylla Juniperina Coast Beardheath Or Native Currant Coast Daisybush Olearia Axillaris Coastal Wattle Acacia Longifolia Subsp
Copperleaf Snowberry Gaultheria hispida Ants Delight Acrotriche serrulata Barilla or Grey Saltbush Atriplex cinerea Bidgee-widgee Acaena novae-zelandiae Bower Spinach Tetragonia implexicoma Cape Barren Tea Correa alba Copperleaf Snowberry Gaultheria hispida Running Postman Kennedia prostrata Woolly Teatree Leptospermum lanigerum Edible Native Plants Cheeseberry Leptecophylla juniperina Coast Beardheath or Native Currant Coast Daisybush Olearia axillaris Coastal Wattle Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae Cranberry Heath Astroloma humifusum OF TASMANIA subsp. juniperina Yellow Everlastingbush Ozothamnus obcordatus Key PART OF PLANT USED Underground Leaves/Leaf Bases Flowers Fruit Part Creeping Strawberry Pine Cutting Grass Gahnia grandis Erect Currantbush Leptomeria drupacea Grasstree, yamina or Green Appleberry Billardiera mutabilis Microcachrys tetragona Geebung Persoonia spp. Yacca Xanthorrhoea australis Purple Appleberry Meristem/Bud Exudate/Sap Seeds PREPARATION AND USE Snack Process Cook Eat Raw Tea Sweet Drink Flavouring CAUTION Hazard / Toxin Harvest Kills Plant Heartberry Aristotelia peduncularis Kangaroo Apple Solanum laciniatum Leeklily Bulbine spp. Lemon-leaf Heathmyrtle Baeckea gunniana Macquarie Vine or Blue Flaxlily Dionella spp. River Mint Mentha australis Native Grape Muehlenbeckia spp. Manfern or lakri Dicksonia antarctica or Milkmaids Burchardia umbellata Mountain Pepper Tasmannia lanceolata Native Cherry Exocarpus cupressiformis Native Ivyleaf Violet Viola hederacea Native Raspberry Rubus pavifolius Cyathea ssp. Native Bluebell Wahlenbergia spp. More information Cautionary Notes This poster is only a guide to what’s potentially edible. - sance so be cautious. Consume any new or unfamiliar food in small quantities. Ensure fruits are fully ripe. Note it’s often best not to ingest seeds or pips. cultivation and contemporary use of our edible native plants is still an evolving art and science. Source plants for your garden from native plant nurseries.