Mobile Policy Handbook An insider’s guide to the issues 2018 Do you have the knowledge? Can you take a position? Will you lead the debate? Mobile Policy Handbook An insider’s guide to the issues © 2018 GSMA About this Handbook With mobile service reaching over 95 per cent of the global population and mobile internet access spreading fast, the digital revolution is empowering citizens and reshaping society all over the world. Policymakers and regulators create the conditions that can attract telecoms investment, encourage innovation and strengthen digital trust and the GSMA believes that a country’s citizens benefit most when the private and public sectors work together in a spirit of openness and trust. This is why we are committed to supporting governments and regulators in their efforts to introduce pro-investment telecommunications policies. The Mobile Policy Handbook: An Insider’s Guide to the Issues is part of the GSMA’s efforts to promote such collaboration. A unique resource that assembles a range of policy topics and mobile industry positions and initiatives under one cover, it acts as a signpost to regulatory best practice. As the global trade association of mobile operators, the GSMA conducts and commissions research on policy trends and challenges in the fast-moving mobile communications market. This handbook draws on the association’s unique insight into the mobile sector and presents it in a practical way for those who want to explore the issues and unleash the value of mobile technology in their own market. In this sixth edition of the Mobile Policy Handbook, new policy topics and industry positions have been introduced on counterfeit mobile devices, cross-border flows of data and drones. Throughout the book, the content has been refreshed with up-to-date statistics, new resources and industry insights. The online version of this resource — www.gsma.com/publicpolicy/handbook — offers an always up-to-date catalogue of the mobile industry’s policy positions. Readers are encouraged to contact the GSMA if they have any questions or requests for more information. E-mail us at [email protected]. World-Changing Trends For five billion people, mobile phones are an indispensable companion in daily life. The astonishing spread of this technology is explained by its ability to satisfy a basic human desire to stay connected, while offering convenience, productivity and entertainment for people on the move. By 2020, three-quarters of mobile subscribers will have broadband connectivity, which opens the door to mobile applications and the internet. Today, mobile is a key component in the digitalisation of industry, generating new levels of efficiency and productivity in manufacturing, logistics, energy, agriculture — and virtually every economic sector. Companies that do not make use of machine-to- machine technologies, improved analytics and sensors, for example, will find themselves outpaced by those that do. For consumers, there will be more intelligently connected appliances, more applications that react to users’ location and environment, and more platforms and services centred on video streaming. The digital story is still evolving, and the mobile industry is playing a pivotal role in it. This is why there is a need for regulatory frameworks to evolve to take account of this rapid change and promote market dynamism, competition and consumer welfare, while discarding legacy rules that are no longer relevant in the context of the digital ecosystem. If industry and governments approach the digital revolution with the right mix of policies, regulations and consumer protections while providing the framework for companies to compete and innovate, then society will advance and the welfare of citizens will expand. As the digital revolution transforms our world, policymakers face new and exciting challenges and will need to navigate uncharted waters. We hope this handbook provides a compass that is referred to regularly on that voyage. Contents #betterfuture 10 Improving the industry’s impact on the SDGs 12 Mobile For Development 16 Mobile For Development — Introduction 16 Connected Society 18 Digital Identity 20 Disaster Response 22 Ecosystem Accelerator 24 Mobile Agriculture 26 Mobile for Development Utilities 28 Mobile Health 30 Mobile Money 32 Women and Mobile 34 Mobile Initiatives 36 Future Networks — Introduction 38 5G — The Path to the Next Generation 40 IP Communication Services 42 Voice over Long Term Evolution 44 Internet of Things — Introduction 46 Encouraging the Growth of IoT 48 Global Deployment Models for IoT 50 Connected Drones (UAVs) 52 Connected Vehicles 54 Digital Health and IoT 56 Privacy and Data Protection for IoT 58 Smart Cities and IoT 60 Identity — Introduction 62 Mobile Connect 64 Business Environment 66 Business Environment — Introduction 66 Policies for Progress 68 Base Station Siting and Safety 70 Competition 74 Efficient Mobile Market Structures 78 Environment and Climate Change 82 Infrastructure Sharing 86 Intellectual Property Rights — Copyright 90 Intellectual Property Rights — Patents 92 International Mobile Roaming 94 Mobile Termination Rates 96 Net Neutrality 98 Over-The-Top Voice and Messaging Communication Apps 102 Passive Infrastructure Providers 104 Quality of Service 106 Single Wholesale Networks 110 Taxation 114 Universal Service Funds 118 Spectrum Management and Licensing 122 Spectrum Management and Licensing — Introduction 122 Core Mobile Bands 124 5G Spectrum 126 Digital Dividend 128 Licensed Shared Access 132 Limiting Interference 136 Spectrum Auctions 140 Spectrum for Drones (UAVs) 144 Spectrum for IoT 146 Spectrum Harmonisation 148 Spectrum Licensing 152 Spectrum Licence Renewal 154 Spectrum Trading 156 Technology Neutrality and Change of Use 158 TV White Space 162 Consumer Protection 164 Consumer Protection — Introduction 164 Collaborating on Solutions to Today's Challenges 166 Children and Mobile Technology 168 Counterfeit Mobile Devices 172 Cross-Border Flows of Data 174 Electromagnetic Fields and Device Safety 178 Electromagnetic Fields and Health 182 eWaste 186 Government Access 188 Illegal Content 192 Internet Governance 196 Mandatory Registration of Prepaid SIMs 198 Mobile Device Theft 200 Mobile Security 202 Number-Resource Misuse and Fraud 204 Privacy 208 Privacy and Big Data 212 Service Restriction Orders 214 Signal Inhibitors 216 Capacity Building 218 GSMA Capacity Building 218 Appendix 222 GSMA Intelligence 222 10 Sustainable Development Goals #betterfuture Unanimously adopted by world leaders Communities, and 13: Climate Action. at a historic summit in September 2015, For all three, enhanced connectivity, the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable network quality and resilience were Development details 17 Sustainable the key drivers behind the industry’s Development Goals (SDGs) that act as the increased impact. The latest report also world’s to-do list to end poverty, reduce found that the goals where the industry inequalities and tackle climate change. is contributing the most are SDGs 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, In July 2015, the mobile industry was 13: Climate Action, and 11: Sustainable the first to commit to playing a leading Cities and Communities. role in delivering on the goals. This has seen mobile operators around The GSMA continues to focus on the world continue to work to deploy amplifying and accelerating the mobile mobile-enabled solutions that drive industry’s impact on the SDGs through greater inclusion in cities and remote collaborative initiatives such as Big Data communities, enable access to essential for Social Good. This initiative leverages services such as health and education, operators’ data to address humanitarian create employment opportunities, and crises and natural disasters. It follows empower people with the tools to reduce the successful introduction of the SDGs poverty and inequality. in Action mobile app, which can be downloaded from www.sdgsinaction. The GSMA has reviewed the industry’s com. Developed in collaboration with contributions towards achieving the the UN and Project Everyone, the app goals in two in-depth reports since provides a global forum through which 2015. In 2016, the first report highlighted industry, governments and individual where the industry can have greatest citizens can collectively realise the impact, and a follow up in 2017 found promise of the SDGs. the industry had been successful in increasing its impact across all 17 goals. The mobile industry’s continued and The greatest upward movement in increasing impact on achieving the goals 2016 was in SDGs 3: Good Health and is detailed over the following pages. Well-being, 11: Sustainable Cities and Mobile Policy Handbook 11 12 Sustainable Development Goals Improving the industry’s impact on the SDGs Three underlying trends explain much of the improvement in the industry’s impact on the SDGs in 2016: Better Networks Mobile operators have invested heavily in expanding infrastructure and improving quality of service. Nearly three-quarters of the world’s population — around 5.6 billion people — are now within reach of a 4G network, while overall 3G coverage rose to 86 per cent in 2017. In addition to providing access to mobile services, wider coverage, improved network quality and resilience play a critical role before and during epidemics, conflicts and natural or climate-related disasters. They support emergency communication and broadcast services and provide accurate and timely information on the movement of affected populations. More Connectivity