LAMPIRAN PERATURAN MENTERI PERTANIAN NOMOR : 93/Permentan/OT.140/12/2011 TANGGAL : 29 Desember 2011
JENIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN KARANTINA
A. JENIS-JENIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN KARANTINA(KATEGORI A1)
I. SERANGGA/INSECTS
No. NAMA ILMIAH/ORDO/FAMILI/NAMA UMUM/ INANG/ GOL/ MEDIAPEMBAWA/PATH DAERAH SEBAR/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/TAXON/ COMMON NAME HOST GROUP WAY GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1. Acraea acerata (Hew).;Lepidoptera: (P): Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet II daun (leaf), buah (fruit), Africa: Burundi, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Nymphalidae;sweet potato butterfly potato) bagian vegetatif tanaman Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, untuk pertumbuhan Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia (vegetative part of plant
for planting)
2. Aetherastis circulata (Meyrick); Lepidoptera: (P): Hevea brasiliensis (karet, rubber tree) II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Asia: India Yponomeutidae; yponomeutid caterpillar
3. Agrilus mali (Matsumura); Coleoptera: Buprestidae; (P): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ) II tunas (bud), batang Asia: China , Korea apple borer (stem), bibit (seedling) Europe: Russia
4. Alcidodes dentipes (Olivier); (=Alcides (P): Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet II tunas (bud), batang umbi Africa: Angola, Botswana, Burundi, dentipes Olivier );Coleoptera: Curculionidae;stripped potato) (stem/tuber/corm), daun Cameroon, Central Africa, Ethiopia, sweet potato weevil (leaf),legumes, buah (fruit) Ghana, Gambia, Gabon, Kenya, (S): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, Mozambique, Malawi, Sahara, groundnut, peanut), Vigna spp. (buncis, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, cowpea) DR Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
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Keterangan : P : Primar y Host / Inang Utama S : Secondary Host / Inang Pilihan
5. Alsophila pometaria (Harris); Lepidoptera:eometridae; (P): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Ulmus II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America: Canada, USA fall cancer worm sp. (elm), Pyrus communis ( pear ), other bunga (flower), buah (fruit stone fruit (buah batu lainnya) )
6. Amblypelta cocophaga China; (=Amblypelta cocophaga (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), II tunas (bud), batang Asia: SingaporeOceania : Fiji, Papua cocophaga =A.cocophagamalaitensis =Dasynus sp.) ; Eucalyptus deglupta , Mangifera indica (stem), daun (leaf), bunga New Guinea, Solomon Islands Hemiptera:Coreidae;coconut bug (mangga, mango), Carica papaya (pepaya, (flower), buah (fruit ) pawpaw), Cucumis melo (melon), Ceiba
pentandra (kapuk randu, kapok), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Passiflora quadrangularis
(markisah, passion fruit, granadilla), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (kecipir, winged bean), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa)
7. Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann).; (=Acrotoxa P): Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Eugenia II buah (fruit), media tanam America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, fraterculus =Anastrepha braziliensis =Anthomyia spp., Prunus spp., Psidium guajava (jambu (planting medium), tanah Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, frutalis =Dacus fraterculus =Tephritis mellea =Trypeta biji, guava), Syzygium s pp. (soil) Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, fraterculus =Trypeta unicolor =Anastrepha Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad (S): Annona spp, Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, peruviana=A.soluta) ; Diptera: Tephritidae; Argentina, and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, kiwifruit), Averrhoa carambola (belimbing, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Venezuela. carambola, star-fruit), Citrus spp., Coffea Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French spp. (kopi, coffee), Cydonia oblonga Guianan fruitfly, West Indian fruitfly (quince), Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Ficus carica ( ara, fig), Fortunella japonica (kumquat), Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry), Juglans regia (walnut), Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Prunus americana (apricot), Psidium longipes , Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Pyrus communis ( pear ), Solanum quitoense , Spondias cytherea , Syzygium malaccense (jambu bol, malay-apple), Terminalia catappa (ketapang, Indian almon d), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Diospyros spp. , Eriobotrya japonica (lloquat) ,Eugenia 2
dombeyi , Eugenia uniflora , Feijoa sellowiana , Inga edulis , Juglans neotropica , Malus sp., Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Pouteria obovata , Prunus dulcis ( almond ), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis ( pear ), Spondias spp., Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple)
8. Anastrepha ludens (Loew); (=Acrotoxa ludens (P): Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Mangifera II buah (fruit), media tanam America : Belize, Costa Rica, El =Trypeta ludens) ; Diptera: Tephritidae; Mexican fruit fly indica (mangga, mango), Prunus persica (planting medium), tanah Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, (persik, peach) (soil) Mexico, Nicaragua, USA. (S) : Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Annona reticulata (buah nona, srikaya, bullock’s heart, custard apple), Citrus spp, Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Feijoa sellowiana , Passiflora quadrangularis (markisah, passion-fruit, granadilla), Psidium longipes , Spondias purpurea , Annona spp, Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw), Casimiroa edulis , Cydonia oblonga (quince), Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Mammea americana , Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Pouteria sapota , Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Pyrus communis ( pear ), Sargentia greggii , Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple)
9. Anastrepha obligua (Macq); (= Acrotoxa obliqua (P): Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), II buah (fruit), media tanam America : Argentina, Bahama, =Anastrepha fraterculus var. ligata =A.fraterculus var. Spondias spp. (planting medium), tanah Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Virgin mombinpraeoptans =A.mombinpraeoptans =Tephritis (soil) Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, (S): Brosimum alicastrum , Citrus limetta , obliqua =A.acudisa =A. trinidadensis =Trypeta Dominica, Ecuador, Grenada, Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Eriobotrya obliqua ); Diptera: Tephritidae; West Indian fruit fly, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, japonica , Malpighia glabra , Achras (= Antillean fruit fly Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Passiflora quadrangularis (markisah, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, passion fruit, granadilla), Prunus dulcis St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, Suriname, (almond ), Prunus domesticum (plum), 3
Psidium longipes , Pyrus communis ( pear ), Trinidad and Tobago , Venezuela. Spondias cytherea , Anacardium occidentale
(jambu mete, cashew-nut), Averrhoa carambola (belimbing, carambola, star- fruit), Pouteria viridis , Citrus spp, Diospyros digyna , Pouteria sapota , Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava) , Spondiasmombin , Spondias purpurea , Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Syzygium malaccense (jambu bol, malay-apple).
10. Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann).; (=Dacus (P): Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), II buah (fruit), media tanam America : Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, serpentinus =Leptoxys serpentina =Acrotoxa Chrysophyllum cainito , Achras (= (planting medium), tanah Costa Rica, Dominica, Ecuador, serpentinus =Trypeta serpentina =Urophora Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla) (soil) Guyana France, Guatemala, Guyana, vittithorax) ; Diptera: Tephritidae; sapodilla fruit fly, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, Panama, (S): Pouteria viridis , Citrus spp, Mammea sapote fruit fly, dark fruit fly, black fruit fly, orange fruit Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, americana,Pouteria campechiana, Pouteria fly USA,Venezuela caimito, Pouteria obovata, Pouteria sapota, Spondias mombin, Spondias purpurea, Annona spp, Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, quince) , Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat), Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Manilkara spp., Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Pyrus communis ( pir , pear ), Spondias spp.
11. Anastrepha suspensa (Loew.); (=Anastrepha (P): Eugenia spp., Psidium guajava (jambu II buah (fruit), media tanam America: Cuba, Dominica, Guyana unipuncta =Trypeta suspensa) ; Diptera: Tephritidae; biji, guava), Syzygium spp. , Annona spp., (planting medium), tanah France, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Carribean fruit fly Fortunella margarita , Achras (= Manilkara) (soil) USA, Virgin Islands zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Terminalia catappa (ketapang, Indian almond) (S): Annona squamosa (srikaya, sweetsop), Blighia sapida (akee apple), Citrus spp, Clausena lansium , Coccoloba uvifera , Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Casimiroa edulis , Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Diospyros na , Dovyalis caffra , 4
Ficus carica (ara, fig), Fortunellax crassifolia , Garcinia mangostana (manggis, mangosteen), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Malpighia glabra , Momordica balsamina , Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Murraya spp. (kemuning, mock orange), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates-palm), Pimenta dioica , Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium longipes , Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Pyrus communis (pear ), Spondias cytherea , Syzygium cumini (jamblang, java plum)), Syzygium samarangense (jambu Semarang, java apple), Triphasia sp. , Annona glabra , Averrhoa carambola (belimbing, star-fruit), Canella winterana , Chrysobalanus icaco , Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw), Citrofortunella mitis , Chrysophyllum cainito , Chrysophyllum oliviforme , Diospyros blancoi , Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) , Eugeniadombeyi,Flacourtia indica , Fortunella sp. , Garcinia livingstonei , Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Momordica charantia (paria, bitter gourd), Pouteria campechiana , Psidium guineense , Spondias spp., Spondias mombin , Synsepalum dulcificum .
12. Antestiopsis facetoides (Le Pelley); Hemiptera: (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) II tunas (bud), batang Africa : Kenya, Tanzania, Tunisia. Pentatomidae; cherry and flower feeder (stem), daun (leaf), bunga (flower), buah (fruit )
13. Antestiopsis intricata (Ghesq & Carayon); Hemiptera: (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) II tunas (bud), batang Africa : Benin, Cameroon, Central Pentatomidae; Kaffee wanze (Germany), antestia bug (stem), daun (leaf), bunga Africa, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory (flower), buah (fruit ) Coast, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, Togo, Uganda
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14. Antestiopsis orbItalys (Westwood); (=Antestia (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) II tunas (bud), batang Africa : Angola, Burundi, Congo, lineaticolli =A.orbitalis facetus =Antestiopsis (stem), daun (leaf), bunga Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, lineaticollis =A. orbitalis bechuana =A. orbitalis (flower), buah (fruit ) Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, ghesquieri =A. orbitalis orbItalys) ; Hemiptera: Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Pentatomidae; antestia
15. Anthonomus grandis (Bohem).; Coleoptera: (P): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton) II bibit (seedling), bunga America : Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Curculionidae; Mexican cotton boll weevil, boll weevil, (flower), buah (fruit ) Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, (S): Hibiscus syriacus cotton boll weevil, Thurberia weevil Dominica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, St. Kitts & Nevis, USA, Venezuela
16. Anthonomus signatus (Say).; (=Anthonomus (P): Morus spp. (murbei, mulberry), Rubus II buah (fruit), bunga America: Canada, USA bisignatus =Anthonomus pallidus =Anthonomus idaeus (flower), media tanam scutellatus) ; Coleoptera: Curculionidae; (planting medium) (S): Rubus caesius, Rubus fruticosa strawberry bud weevil, strawberry clipper
17. Anthonomus vestitus (Bohenan); Coleoptera: (P): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton) II bibit (seedling), buah America: Ecuador, Peru Curculionidae; Peruvian boll weevil, Peruvian cotton (fruit), bunga (flower) weevil, Peruvian boll weevil, Peruvian square weevil, Peruvian cotton square weevil
18. Aonidomytilus albus (CockereII); (=Coccomytilus (P): Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Manihot II tunas (bud), batang Africa : Angola, Cape Verde, Ivory dispar=Lepidosaphes albus =L.dispar , Mytilaspis esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) (stem), daun (leaf) Coast, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, albus, M.dispar ); Hemiptera: Diaspididae; cassava Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, scale, white mussel scale, cassava stem mussel scale, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda tapioca scale America : Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana France, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Virgin Islands,
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Asia : Bahrain, China, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand
19. Apate monachus Fabricius; (=Apate monacha (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Theobroma II batang (stem) Africa : Algeria, Congo, Ivory Coast, =A.carmelita =A.francisca =A.gibba =A.mendica cacao (kakao, cocoa), Elaeis guineensis Egypt, Erythrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, =A.monachus var. rufiventris =A.semicostata =A.senii) ; (kelapa sawit, oilpalm), Mangifera indica Guinea, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Sao Coleoptera: Bostrichidae; black borer, twig borer, date (mangga, mango), Cajanus cajan (kacang Tome & Principe, Tanzania, Togo, palm bostrichid gude, pigeon pea) ,Psidium guajava (jambu Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia biji, guava), Punica granatum (delima, Asia : Israel, Lebanon, Syria. pomegranate), Swietenia mahogany (mahoni, mahogany), Tamarindus indica Europe: France, Italy, Spain (asam, tamarind) (S): Calicotome spinosa , Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Gleditsia triacanthos , Morrus alba (murbei, mulberry), Olea europea subsp. europea (zaitum, olive) , Robinia pseudoacacia , Styphnolobium japonicum , Syringa pekinensis, Annona cherimola,Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Melia azedarach , Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates-palm), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis ( pear ), Tamarix gallica , Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
20. Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker);(=Eulia velutinana (P): Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America: Canada, North America, USA =Tortrix velutinana); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Psidium buah (fruit) 7
redbanded leafroller guajava (jambu biji, guava), Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Mangifera
indica (mangga, mango), Pyrus communis (pear )
21. Aspidiotus nerii (Bouché); (=Aspidiotus aloes = (P): Actinidia chinensis (Chinese II bibit tanaman (seedling), Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Serbia, Aspidiotus hederae = Aspidiotus limonii = Aspidiotus gooseberry), Albizia julibrissin (silk tree), bunga (flower), buah Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and genistae = Chermes aloes = Chermes ericae = Citrus, Olea (olive), Oleaceae, Ananas (fruit), daun (leaf), batang Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Chermes cycadicola = Diaspis bouchei = Aspidiotus comosus (nenas, pineapple), Asparagus (stem) France, Gibraltar, Greece, Italy, Malta, bouchei = Chermes nerii = Aspidiotus affinis = setaceus (Asparagus fern), Asplenium Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, UK Aspidiotus caldesii = Aspidiotus denticulatus = nidus (bird's nest fern), Ceratonia , Cocos Asia: China,Iran, Israel, Japan,Jordan, Aspidiotus villosus = Aspidiotus budleiae = Aspidiotus nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Dianthus Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey ceratoniae = Aspidiotus cycadicola = Aspidiotus caryophyllus (carnation), Diospyros epidendri = Aspidiotus ericae = Aspidiotus gnidii = (malabar ebony), Hedera helix (ivy), Ilex Africa: Algeria, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Aspidiotus ilicis = Aspidiotus myricinae = Aspidiotus aquifolium (holly), Juniperus (junipers), Kenya,Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, ulicis = Aspidiotus uriesciae = Aspidiotus lentisci = Laurus nobilis (sweet bay), Magnolia , Morocco, Nigeria, South Aspidiotus capparis = Aspidiotus myrsinae = Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Melia Africa,Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Aspidiotus budlaei = Aspidiotus atherospermae = azedarach (Chinaberry), Morus (mulberry Zimbabwe Aspidiotus oleae = Aspidiotus corynocarpi = Aspidiotus tree), Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, oleastin = Aspidiotus offinis = Aspidiotus sophorae = plantain), Nerium (oleander), Orchidaceae America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Aspidiotus carpodeti = Aspidiotus transpareus var. (orchids), Pandanus (screw-pine), Phoenix Central America, Chile,Colombia, simillimus = Aspidiotus vagabundus = Aspidiotus (date palm), Plumeria rubra var. acutifolia Ecuador, Mexico, North America, simillimus = Aspidiotus transvaalensis = Aspidiotus (Mexican frangipani), Prunus persica USA,Peru, Uruguay confusus = Aspidiotus tasmaniae = Aspidiotus (peach), Pyrus communis (European pear), Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, viresciae = Octaspidiotus atherospermae = Chermes Rosa (mawar, roses), Simmondsia New Zealand, Norfolk Island hederae = Chermes genistae = Chermes osmanthi = chinensis (jojoba), Vitis vinifera (anggur, Aspidiotus transpareus var. rectangulatus = Aspidiotus grapevine) rectangulatus = Aspidiosus unipectinatus = Aspidiotus hederae var. urenae = Aspidiotus urenae = Octaspidiotus anthospermae = Aspidiotus hederae = Aspidiotus hederae ssp. unisexualis ); Hemiptera: Diaspididae; aucuba scale; ivy scale; white scale; oleander scale
22. Augosoma centaurus (Fabricius); Coleoptera: (P): Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, II batang (stem) Africa: Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Scarabaeidae; stem tissues borer Oilpalm), palma lainnya (other palmae) Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal.
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23. Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon.); (=Afrodacus jarvisi =Dacus (P): Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), II buah (fruit), media tanam Oceania: Australia jarvisi=D.australis =Chaetodacus jarvisi) ; Diptera: Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), (planting medium), tanah Tephritidae; Fiji fruitfly, Jarvis’s fruitfly Terminalia catappa (ketapang, Indian (soil) almond) (S): Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Annona glabra , Annona muricata (sirsak, soursop), Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut palm), Averrhoa carambola (belimbing, star-fruit), Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw), Citrus spp (jeruk, orange), Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, quince), Diospyros blancoi , Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Feijoa sellowiana , Fortunella japonica (kumkwat, kumquat), Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Malpighia emarginata , Musa paradisiaca (pisang, kepok, plantain), Opuntia sp., Passiflora quadrangularis (markisah, passion-fruit, granadilla), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Pouteria campechiana , Pouteria caimito , Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium cattleianum , Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Pyrus communis (pir , pear ), Spondias purpurea , Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Syzygium malaccense (jambu bol, malay apple), Syzygium samarangense (jambu Semarang, Java apple).
24. Bactrocera caryeae (Kapoor); Diptera: Tephritidae; (P): Aegle marmelos (maja, bael fruit), II buah (fruit), media tanam Asia: India, Sri Lanka. Indian fruit fly Citrus spp, Malpighia glabra, Mangifera (planting medium), tanah indica (mangga, mango), Pouteria sapota , (soil) Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava)
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25. Bactrocera ciliatus (Loew).; (=Dacus caryae) ; Diptera: (P): Cucurbitaceae II buah (fruit), media tanam Asia: Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Tephritidae; lesser melon fly (planting medium), tanah Iran, Sri Lanka, Saudi Arabia, Yemen. (soil) Africa: Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Chad, Dahomey, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Northwest Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, DR Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe
26. Bactrocera curvipennis (Frog); (=Bactrocera (P): Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Mangifera II buah (fruit), media tanam Oceania: New Caledonia, Vanuatu curvipennis=Chaetodacus curvipennis =Dacus indica (mangga, mango) (planting medium), tanah curvipennis =Strumetacurvipennis) ; Diptera: (soil) Tephritidae; banana fruit fly
27. Bactrocera depressa (ShIrak); (=Bactrocera (P): Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu parang, II buah (fruit), media tanam Asia: China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea (Paradacus)depressa =B.depressus =Dacus pumpkin) (planting medium), tanah depressus =Paradacus depressus =Zeugodacus (soil) depressus) ; Diptera: Tephritidae; fruit fly
28. Bactrocera passiflorae (Frog); (=Bactrocera passiflorae (P): Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Passiflora II buah (fruit), media tanam Oceania: Fiji, Niue, Tonga, Tuvalu, =Chaetodacus passiflorae =Dacus passiflorae quadrangularis (markisah, passion-fruit, (planting medium), tanah Wallis-Futuna. =Strumeta passiflorae) ; Diptera: Tephritidae; Fijian granadilla), Carica papaya (pepaya, (soil) fruit fly pawpaw), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Persea americana (alpokat,
avocado), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava)
29. Bactrocera kandiensis (Drew &Hancock); (=Bactrocera (P): Artocarpus integrifolius (nangka, II buah (fruit), media tanam Asia: Sri Lanka sp. near dorsalis) ; Diptera: Tephritidae; Sri Lankan fruit jackfuit), Anacardium occidentale (jambu (planting medium), tanah fly mete, cashew-nut), Annona glabra , Areca (soil) catechu (pinang, betelnut palm), Averrhoa carambola (belimbing, carambola, star- fruit), Citrus maxima , Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Spondias cytherea , Syzygium aromaticum (cengkeh, clove), 10
Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango) (S): Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw)
30. Bactrocera kinabalu Drew & Hancock; Diptera: (P): Persea americana (alpokat, avocado) II buah (fruit), media tanam Asia : Malaysia Tephritidae; Kinabalu fruit fly (planting medium), tanah (soil)
31. Bactrocera neohumeralis (Hardy); (=Chaetodacus (P): Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava) II buah (fruit), media tanam Indonesia : Papua humeralis=C.tryoni var. sarcocephali =Dacus (S): Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, (planting medium), tanah Oceania : Australia , Papua New neohumeralis =Dacus tryoni var. neohumeralis) ; cashew), Annona spp. (buah nona, sirsak, (soil) Guinea. Diptera: Tephritidae srikaya, annona, soursop, sweetsop) , Avverhoa carambola (belimbing, lesser Queensland fruit fly carambola, star fruit), Cananga odorata (kenanga, cadmia), Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw), Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Clausena lansium , Calophyllum inophyllum (nyamplung, Alexandrian laurel), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chilies), Crateva religiosa, Chrysophyllum cainito (kenitu, sawo duren, cainito), Casimiroa edulis , Cyphomandra betacea , Diospyros blancoi, Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon) , Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat) , Eugenia dombeyi, Eugenia uniflora,Feijoa sellowiana, Fortunella japonica (kumkwat, kumquat), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Malus sylvestris (apel, apple), Malpighia emarginata , Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Morus nigra (murbei, mulberry), Musa x paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain ), Muntingia calabura (kersen, talok, Jamaica cherry) , Myrciaria cauliflora, Passiflora spp, Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, date-palm), Pouteria caimito , Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus persica (persik, 11
peach), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Rollinia mucosa , Rubus rosaefolius , Solanum laciniatum, Solanum seaforthianum, Spondias mombin, Spondias purpurea , Synsepa lum dulcificum, Syzygium spp, Vitis labrusca, Ziziphus jujuba.
32. Bactrocera philipinensis Drew & Hancock; Diptera: (P): Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), II buah (fruit), media tanam Asia : Philippines Tephritidae; Phillipines fruit fly Artocarpus communis (sukun, breadfruit), (planting medium), tanah Averrhoa carambola (belimbing, carambola, (soil) star-fruit), Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Spondias purpurea , Syzygium malaccense (jambu bol, malay apple)
33. Bactrocera psidii (Frog); (=Dacus psidii (P): Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), II buah (fruit), media tanam Oceania : New Caledonia =D.ornatissimus =D.virgatus=Strumeta psidii Prunus persica (persik, peach) (planting medium), tanah =Tephritis psidii) ; Diptera: Tephritidae; southensea (soil) (S): Aleurites moluccana (kemiri, candle guava fruit fly nut), Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Annona reticulata , Citrus maxima (jeruk Bali, pummelo), Eugenia uniflora , Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Psidium cattleianum , Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Syzygium malaccense (jambu bol, malay apple), Terminalia catappa (ketapang, indian almond)
34. Bactrocera pyrifoliae (Drew & Hancock); Diptera: (P): Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), II buah (fruit), media tanam Asia : Thailand Tephritidae; pyrifolia fruit fly Prunus persica (persik, peach) (planting medium), tanah (soil)
35. Bactrocera tryoni (Frog.); (=Bactrocera tryoni P): Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, II buah (fruit), media tanam Oceania : Australia, Polynesia France, =Chaetodacus sarcocephali =Chaetodacus tryoni cashew-nut), Anona spp, Averrhoa (planting medium), tanah New Caledonia. =Dacus tryoni =D.ferrugineus tryoni =Strumeta melas carambola (belimbing, carambola, star- (soil) =Strumeta tryoni =Tephritis tryoni) ; Diptera: fruit), Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw), Tephritidae; Queensland fruit fly Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), 12
Chrysophyllum cainito , Casimiroa edulis , Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat), Eugenia uniflora , Fortunella japonica (kumkwat, kumquat), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Malus sylvestris (crab-apple) , Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Morus nigra , Passiflora quadrangularis (markisah, passion-fruit, granadilla), Passiflora suberosa , Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium cattleianum , Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Syzygium spp, Terminalia catappa (ketapang, indian almond). (S): Aegle marmelos (maja, bael fruit), Annona squamosa (srikaya, sweetsop), Averrhoa bilimbi (belimbing sayur , bilimbi ), Blighia sapida , Cananga odorata (kenanga, cadmia), Citrus spp., Clausena lansium , Calophyllum inophyllum (nyamplung, alexander laurel), Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu parang, pumpkin), Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, quince), Cyphomandra betacea , Dimocarpus longan (kelengkeng, longan), Diospyros blancoi , Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Dovyalis caffra , Eremocitrus glauca , Eugenia dombeyi , Feijoa sellowiana, Ficus racemosa , Flacourtia jangomas , Flacourtia rukam (rukem, rukam), Fortunellax crassifolia , Grewia asiatica , Juglans regia (walnut, walnut), Dimocarpus litchii (leci,litchii), Malpighia emarginata , Mimusops elengi (tanjung, asian bulletwood), Momordica charantia (paria, bitter gourd), Morus alba (murbei, mulberry), Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Myrciaria cauliflora , Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan, rambutan), Nerium oleander , Olea europea subsp. europea (zaitum, 13
olive), Opuntia ficus -indica , Passiflora foetida , Passiflora quadrangularis (markisah, passion fruit, granadilla), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates-palm), Physalis peruviana (gooseberry), Pometia pinnata , Pouteria campechiana , Pouteria caimito , Pouteria sapota , Prunus spp., Psidium guineense , Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Phyllanthus acidus , Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Rollinia mucosa , Rollinia pulchrinervis , Rubus fruticosa , Rubus ursinus , Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Solanum spp., Spondias spp., Synsepalum dulcificum , Syzygium spp., Thevetia peruviana , Trichosanthes cucumerina , Vitis labrusca , Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Ziziphus mauritiana
36. Bactrocera tsuneonis (Miyake); (=Dacus cheni (P): Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Musa spp. II buah (fruit), media tanam Asia : China, Japan, Vietnam =D.tsuneonis =Tetradacus tsuneonis) ; Diptera: (pisang, banana) (planting medium), tanah Tephritidae; Japanese orange fly, Citrus fruit fly (soil)
37. Bothynus gibbosus (De Geer); (=Ligyrus gibbosus (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Canada, Mexico, USA =L.californicus) ; Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; carrot Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Daucus umbi (tuber/ corm), akar beetle, carrot head beetle, muck beetle carota (wortel, carrot), Zea mays (jagung, (root), tanah (soil) corn, maize), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato)
38. Busseola fusca Fuller; (=Calamistis fusca =Busseola (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Africa : Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, sorghicida =Sesamia fusca) ; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, DR Congo, African maize stalk borer, maize stalk borer, maize Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory (S): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, stem borer, sorghum stalk/stem borer Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, sugarcane); Eleusine coracana , Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Pennisetum glaucum (bajra, pearl-millet). Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
39. Caulophilus oryzae (Gyllenhal); (=Caulophilus (P): Cicer arietinum , Panicum miliaceum , II benih/biji (seed/grain), America : Cuba, Guatemala, Jamaica, latinasus=Rhyncolus oryzae) ; Coleoptera: Pennisetum spp., Zea mays (jagung, corn, umbi (tuber/corm), akar Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, USA Curculionidae; broad nosed grain weevil, broad nosed 14
granary weevil maize) (root), rhizome Europe : Portugal (S): Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado)
40. Coelaenomenodera elaeidis Maulik, Coleoptera: (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut) sawit II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Africa : Angola, Beni n, Botswana, Chrysomelidae; hispid leafminer, oilpalm leafminer Cameroon, DR Congo, Congo, Ghana, (S): Borassus flabelifer (lontar, palmyra Ivory Coast, Namibia, Nigeria, Sierra palm), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Pennisetum purpureum (rumput gajah, Zambia, Zimbabwe elephant grass), Roystonea regia (palem raja, royal palm).
41. Carposina niponensis Wals.; (=Carposina sasakii (P): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Pyrus II buah (fruit) Asia : China, Japan, Korea. =C.persicana =Cydia persicana) ; Lepidoptera: communis ( pear ), Prunus persica (persik, Europe : Russia Carposinidae; peach fruit moth, peach fruit borer peach) (S): Aronia arbutifolia , Chaenomeles japonica , Cydonia oblonga (quince), Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat), Malus spp., Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates- palm), Prunus americana (apricot), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus domesticum (plum), Prunus dulcis ( almond ), Z iziphus jujube
42. Cephus cinctus Norton; (=Cephusoccidentalis) ; (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), II batang (stem) America : Canada, USA. Hymenoptera, Cephidae; wheat stem sawfly western serealea (cerealia) wheat-stem fly (S): Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley)
43. Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann); (=Ceratitis citriperda (P): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), II buah (fruit), media tanam Europe: Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, =Ceratitis hispanica =Tephritis capitata) ; Diptera: Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Vitis vinifera (planting medium), tanah France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Tephritidae; Mediterranean fruit fly, medfly (anggur, grapevine), Persea americana (soil) Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, (alpokat, avocado), Annona spp., Malus Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and domesticum ( apel , apple ) , Capsicum Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia . annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chilies, red Asia: Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi pepper), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Arabia, Syria,Turkey, Yemen Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Psidium Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, 15
guajava (jambu biji, guava) Cameroon, Cape Verde, DR Congo , Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, (S): Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, cashew-nut) , Annona reticulata , Citrus spp, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Carissa spp. , Chrysophyllum cainito , Mali, Morocco, Mauritius, Casimiroa edulis , Cyphomandra betacea, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Dovyalis caffra , Eugenia spp., Garcinia St. Helena, Sao Tome & Principe, mangostana (manggis, mangosteen), Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Juglans regia , Dimocarpus litchii South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, (leci,litchii), Malpighia glabra , Achras (= Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Morus, Mespilus germanica , Muntingia calabura America : Antilles Netherlands, (kersen, talok, jamaica cherry), Opuntia Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, spp., Passiflora coerulea , Phoenix Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, dactylifera (kurma, dates-palm), Physalis Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, peruviana , Psidium longipes , Punica Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, granatum (delima, pomegranate), Rubus Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, loganobaccus , Santalum album , Solanum Venezuela. spp., Spondias cytherea , Syzygium spp., Oceania: Australia. Thevetia peruviana,Pouteria viridis , Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw), Chrysophyllum oliviforme , Cydonia oblonga (quince), Diospyros spp., Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), Eugenia dombeyi , Eugenia uniflora , Feijoa sellowiana , Fortunella japonica (kumquat), Garcinia livingstonei , Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Pouteria sapota , Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis (pear ), Spondias purpurea , Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Terminalia catappa (ketapang, indian almond), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
44. Ceratitis cosyra (Wlk.); (=Ceratitis giffardi =Pardalaspis (P): Mangifera indica (mangga, mango) II buah (fruit), media tanam Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, cosyra =P.giffardi =P.giffardi var. sarcocephali (planting medium), tanah Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central (S): Annona spp, Citrus aurantium (jeruk =P.parinarii=P.sarcocephali =Trypeta cosyra) ; Diptera: (soil) Africa, DR Congo, Guinea, Ivory nipis, lime), Persea americana (alpokat, Tephritidae; mango fruit fly, marula fruit fly Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, avocado), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal,
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Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava) Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
45. Ceratitis punctata (Wied.); (=Pardalaspis (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Psidium II buah (fruit), media tanam Africa: Cameroon, DR Congo, Congo, punctata=P.senegalensis =Tephritis senegalensis) ; guajava (jambu biji, guava), Passiflora (planting medium), tanah Ghana, Kenya, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Diptera: Tephritidae; cacao fruit fly quadrangularis (markisah, granadilla, (soil) South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, passion fruit), Mangifera indica (mangga, Zambia, Zimbabwe. mango), Cucumis melo (melon, melon),
Chrysophyllum albidum (S): Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa)
46. Ceratitis quinaria (Bezzi); (=Pardalaspis quinaria) ; (P): Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), II buah (fruit), media tanam Asia : Yemen Diptera: Tephritidae; Rhodesian fruit fly Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Prunus (planting medium), tanah Africa: Botswana, Malawi, Namibia, americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus persica (soil) South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe (persik, peach)
47. Ceratitis rosa Karsch.; (=Pterandrus rosa ) ; Diptera: (P): Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Coffea spp. II buah (fruit), media tanam Africa: Angola, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Tephritidae; Natal fruit fly (kopi, coffee) (planting medium), tanah Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, (soil) Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, (S): Averrhoa carambola (belimbing, Rwanda, Réunion, South Africa, carambola, star-fruit), Carica papaya Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, (pepaya, pawpaw), Citrus spp, Capsicum Zambia, Zimbabwe. annuum (cabai, hot pepper, Chilies, red pepper), Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, quince), Eugenia uniflora , Ficus carica (ara, fig), Garcinia mangostana (manggis, mangosteen), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Psidium longipes , Pyrus communis (pir , pear ), Syzygium spp., Terminalia catappa (ketapang, indian almond), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Ziziphus jujuba , Annona reticulate (fruit nona, custard apple), Carissa macrocarpa , Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat), Dimocarpus litchii (leci, litchii), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Prunus persica (persik, 17
peach), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
48. Chaetocnema confinis (Crotch); (= Chaetocnema (P): Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Calystegia II buah (fruit), bibit tanaman Asia: China, Taiwan, Japan, Thailand, flavicornis = Chaetocnema etiennei); Coleoptera: sepium (great bindweed), Ipomoea aquatica (seedling) Vietnam Chrysomelidae; flea beetle; sweet potato flea beetle; (swamp morning-glory ), Ipomoea batatas Africa: Comoros, Gambia, Ghana, flea beetle. (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Ipomoea Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, pandurata (bigroot morningglory (USA)), Réunion, Senegal, Seychelles, South Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomat, tomato), Africa Pharbitis purpurea (Tall morning glory), Zea mays (jagung, maize), Abutilon hybridum America: Canada, USA,Brazil, (Indian mallow), Acer negundo (box elder), Ecuador Acer platanoides (Norway maple), Aesculus (buckeye), Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot Oceania: Palau, French Polynesia pigweed), Arctium minus (common burdock), Avena sativa (oats), Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet), Brassica napus var. napus (rape), Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera (turnip rape), Catalpa bignonioides (Southern catalpa), Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry), Fraxinus americana (white ash), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium (kapas, cotton), Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke), Hibiscus (rosemallows), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Mucuna (velvetbeans), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus na (common chokecherrytree), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Secale cereale (rye), Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Tilia americana (basswood), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
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49. Chilo orichalcociliellus (Strand); (=Chilotraea (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Africa : Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, argyrolepia =Diatraea argyrolepia =Proceras sugarcane), Zea mays (jagung, corn, Rwanda, Tanzania, Kenya, argyrolepia=P.argyrolepidus =P.orichalcociliella =Chilo maize), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Madagascar argyrolepia =Diatraea orichalcociliella) ; Lepidoptera: sorghum), Poaceae, Panicum miliaceum Crambidae; coastal stalk borer
50. Cholus cattleyae Champion; Coleoptera: Curculionidae; (P): anggrek (Orchidaceae) II tanaman (plant), batang America : USA cattleya weevil (stem), daun (leaf) bunga (flower)
51. Chrysobothris femorata Olivier; Coleoptera: (P): Malus domesticum (apel , apple ), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Canada, USA Buprestidae; flatheaded apple tree borer Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus buah (fruit) communis ( pir , pear ), other stone fruit (buah batu lainnya)
52. Chrysobothris mali Horn.; Coleoptera: Buprestidae; (P): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Canada, USA Pacific flatheaded apple tree borer Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus buah (fruit) communis ( pear ), other stone fruit (buah batu lainnya)
53. Cicadulina bipunctella (Melichar); (=Cicadulina (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Africa : Egypt, Ethiopia bipunctata bipunctella=C.bipunctella=C.bipunctella Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Oryza Asia : Syria, Turkey zeae=C.zeae =Gnathodus bipunctata) ; Hemiptera: sativa (padi, paddy), Sorghum bicolor Cicadellidae; maize leaf hopper, sorghum jassid (sorgum, sorghum), Saccharum officinarum Europe : Italy (tebu, sugarcane)
54. Cicadulina latens (Fenech).; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae; (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Africa : Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Maize leaf hopper Gambia, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda.
55. Cicadulina mbila (Naude); (=Balclutha mbila); (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Africa : Angola, Botswana, Burkina Hemiptera: Cicadellidae; maize leaf hopper Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Congo, S): serealea (cerealia), Saccharum Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Mauritius, officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Triticum Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South aestivum (gandum, wheat), Pennisetum Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, glaucum , Avena sativa (oat, oat), Cynodon Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe spp., Digitaria sanguinalis , Eleusine coracana , Zea perennis , Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley) , Oryza glaberrima , Oryza
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sativa (padi , paddy), Panicum spp., Paspalum conjugatum , Pennisetum spp., Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum)
56. Cicadulina storeyi China; (=Cicadulina (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Africa : Ethiopia, Nigeria, Togo, nicholsi=C.triangula) ; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae; maize Poaceae, Pennisetum glaucum , Sorghum Northwest Africa, Zimbabwe leaf hopper bicolor (sorgum, sorghum)
57. Coccus alpinus de Lotto; Hemiptera: Diaspididae; soft (P): Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, green scale apple), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), buah (fruit) Tanzania, Uganda. Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Coffea spp.
(kopi, coffee)
58. Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst.); (=Curculio (P): Prunus persica (persik, peach), Prunus II buah (fruit), tanah (soil) America : Canada, USA nenuphar) ; Coleoptera: Curculionidae; plum curculio, americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus American, plum weevil, peach curculio domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), other stone fruit (buah batulainnya) (S): Pyrus communis (pir , pear), Malus domesticum (apel , apple), Vaccinium spp., Ribes spp., Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, quince), Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
59. Corythuca marmorata (Uhler); Hemiptera: Tingidae; (P): Chrysanthemum spp. (krisan, chrysant II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : USA Chrysant hemum lace bug ) bunga (flower)
60. Crioceris asparagi (L.); Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; (P): Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Canada, USA. Asparagus beetle asparagus) bunga (flower), tanah (soil)
61. Crioceris duodecimpunctata (L.); (=Chrysomela (P): Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Canada, North America, duodecimpunctata=Lema duodecimpunctata) ; asparagus) bunga (flower) USA Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; spotted Asparagus beetle, Europe : France, Italy, Netherland twelve-spotted Asparagus beetle
20
62. Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick); (=Argyroploce (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Citrus II buah (fruit), bunga (flower) Africa : Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, leucotreta=Cryptophlebia roerigii=Thaumatotibia spp.(jeruk, orange), Camellia sinensis (teh, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde,
roerigii=Olethreutes leucotreta=Thaumatotibia tea), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Central Africa, Chad, DR Congo, Ivory leucotreta) ; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; false codling Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Coast, Erythrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, moth, Citrus codling moth, orange codling moth Averrhoa carambola (belimbing, carambola, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, star-fruit), Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, lady’s finger), Ananas comosus (nenas, Nigeria, Rwanda, St. Helena, Senegal, pineapple), Annona muricata (sirsak, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, soursop), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Dimocarpus litchii (leci , lychee ), Capsicum Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chilies, red
pepper), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Ceiba pentandra (kapuk randu, kapok), Olea europea subsp. europea (zaitum, olive), Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Macadamia ternifolia
63. Cydia pomonella (L).; (=Laspeyresia pomonella (P): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Pyrus II buah (fruit) Asia : Afghanistan, Armenia, =Carpocapsa pomonella =C.pomonana communis ( pir , pear ), Prunus americana Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, India, Iran, =Enarmoniapomonella =Phalaena pomonella) ; (aprikot, apricot), Prunus persica (persik, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; codling moth peach), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria, Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, dulcis (almon, almond), Zea mays (jagung, Uzbekistan corn, maize) Africa :Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritius, Morocco, South Africa,Tunisia America :Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, USA Oceania :Australia, New Zealand
64. Cylas puncticollis (Boh.); (=Cylas compressus) ; (P ): Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Coleoptera: Curculionidae; African sweet potato weevil potato) umbi (tuber/corm) Verde, Central Africa, Chad, DR Congo, Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea, Ivory (S): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Sesamum Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, indicum (Sesamum indicum (wijen, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, sesame), Vigna cylindricaI ( kacang Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, tunggak, long bean), Zea mays (jagung, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, 21
corn, maize) Zambia
65. Delia antiqua (Meigen); (=Anthomyia antique (P): Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Egypt =A.ceparum =Chortophila antiqua =Delia cepetorum shallot), Allium porrum (bawang prei, leek) umbi (tuber/corm), media America : Antigua and Barbuda, Brazil, =Hylemya antiqua =H.ceparum =Leptohylemyia tanam (planting medium), (S): Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Canada, Colombia, Mexico, USA antique =Pegomyia ceparum =P.cepetorum =Phorbia tanah (soil) Allium spp. ceparum =P.cepetorum = P.antiqua) ; Diptera: Asia : Armenia, China, Georgia, India, Anthomyiidae; onion maggot, onion fly Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Philippines, Turkey Europe : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia
66. Delia arambourgi (Seguy); (=Hylemya arambourgi) ; (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Ethiopia Diptera: Anthomyiidae; barley fly Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), akar (root), media tanam Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), (planting medium), tanah serealia lainnya (other cerealia) (soil)
67. Delia radicum (Linnaeus); (=Anthomyia brassicae (P): Brassica oleracea capitata (kubis, II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Algeria, Morocco =A.radicum =Aricia villipes =Chortophila appendiculata cabbage), Cruciferae akar (root), media tanam America : Canada, USA =C.floccosa =C.frontalis =Delia brassicae (planting medium), tanah (S): Matthiola spp., Raphanus sativus =Eustalomyia brassicae =Hylemya brassicae (soil) Asia : Armenia, China, Georgia, Israel, (lobak, radish) =H.brassicae =Musca radicum =Pegomya brassicae Kazakhstan, Turkey, Uzbekistan =Erioischia brassicae =Chortophila brassicae =Phorbia brassicae) ; Diptera: Anthomyiidae; cabbage maggot, Europe : Austria, Belarus, Belgium, cabbage root fly, radish fly Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine 22
68. Delia platura (Meigen); (=Anthomyia cana =A.corelia (P): Gossypium hirsutum , Hordeum vulgare II benih/biji (seed/grain), Africa : Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, =A.deceptiva =A.diversa =A.funesta =A.lanicrus (barli, barley), Juniperus na , Larix laricina , akar (root), media tanam Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Morocco, =A.perrima =A.platura =A.platygaster =A.radicum var. Phaseolus lunatus , Raphanus sativus (planting medium), tanah Rwanda, St. Helena, South Africa, calopteni =A.raphani =A.rubifrons =A.sergia =A.tinia (lobak, radish), Trifolium repens , Vicia faba , (soil) Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, =A.trifilis =A.tyana =A.viana =A.zeas =Aricia fusciceps Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, Zimbabwe =Chortophila cana=C.deceptiva =C.prisca =C.rubifrons shallot), Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, America : Argentina, Bermuda, Bolivia, =C.spinipes =C.trifilis =Delia cilicrura =D.prisca asparagus), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, =Dialyta cupreifrons =Eriphia marginata =Homalomyia (kembang kol, cauliflower), Brassica Ecuador, Greenland, Mexico, Peru, rava =Hylemya cana =H.deceptiva =H.fusciceps oleracea capitata (kubis, cabbage), USA, Uruguay, Venezuela =H.platura =H.prisca =H.spinipes =H.trifilis =Pegomyia Citrullus lanatus, Citrullus vulgaris fusciceps =Phorbia cilicrura =P.fusciceps (semangka, watermelon), Cucumis sativus Asia : Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, =P.novazealandica =P.prisca =P.spinipes =H.cilicrura (mentimun, cucumber), Glycine max India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, =Chortophila cilicrura =Phorbiaplatura) ; Diptera: (kedelai, soybean), Pinus merkusii (tusam, Kazakhstan, Korea, Lebanon, Nepal, Anthomyiidae; corn seed maggot , bean seed fly, seed pinetree) albus , Nicotiana tabacum Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, potato maggot (tembakau, tobacco), Phaseolus coccineus , Syria, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Yemen Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Spinacia Europe : Albania, Austria, Belarus, oleracea ( selada, spinach), Triticum Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays Czech, Denmark, Faroes, Finland, (jagung, corn, maize) France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine,UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia
69. Diabrotica undecimpunctata (Mannerheim); (P): Cucumis melo (melon, melon), II batang (stem), akar (root), America : Canada, El Salvador, (=Chrysomela duodecimpunctata =Crioceris Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), daun (leaf), bunga Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, USA sexpunctata =Diabrotica duodecimpunctata =D.soror Citrullus vulgaris (semangka, watermelon), (flower), media tanam =D.undecimpunctata subsp. Howardi Barber ); Cucurbita pepo (labu kuning, zucchini) (planting medium) Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; 12-spotted cucumber (S): Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, beetle, southern corn rootworm, spotted cucumber groundnut, peanut), Glycine max (kedelai, beetle, western spotted cucumber beetle soybean) , Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize)
23
70. Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.); (=Curculio abbreviatus (P): Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Zea mays II Akar (root), batang (stem), America : Antigua and Barbuda, =Diaprepes festivus =D.irregularis =D.quadrilineatus (jagung, corn, maize), Saccharum daun (leaf) Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana =Exophthalmusabbreviatus) ; Coleoptera: officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Manihot France, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Curculionidae; Citrus weevil, sugarcane rootstalk borer esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Nephelium Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, weevil, Citrus weevil, sugarcane rootstalk borer weevil, lappaceum (rambutan, rambutan) Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. West Indian weevil, West Indian sugarcane root borer, Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, S): Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), West Indian weevil Trinidad and Tobago, USA kacang, Coffe a spp. (kopi, coffee), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), lima bean, Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates-palm), Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chilies, red pepper), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Dioscorea spp.
71. Diaspis boisduvalii (Signoret); (=Aulacaspis (P): Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), II batang (stem), daun (leaf) America : Antigua and Barbuda, boisduvalii) ; Hemiptera: Diaspididae; boisduval scale, Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Musa Barbados, Bermuda, Dominica, coconut snow scale, orchid, scale, pinapple scale spp. (pisang, banana) Guyana France, Guadelope, Guyana, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis
72. Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock); (P): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Vitis II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Algeria, Angola, DR (= Aonidia fusca =Aonidiella fusca =A.perniciosa vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Prunus buah (fruit) Congo,Congo, Morocco, South =Aspidiotus (Comstockaspis) perniciosus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus persica Africa,Tunisia, Zimbabwe =A.(Diaspidiotus) andromelas =A.(Diaspidiotus) (persik, peach), Pyrus communis ( pir , pear ), Asia : Afghanistan, Armenia, perniciosus =A.(Hemiberlesiana) perniciosus Prunus persica nectarina (nektarin, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, =A.perniciosus =A.albopunctatus =A.fuscus nectarine) Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), buah Brunei, China, Georgia, India, Iran, =A.perniciosus =Comstockaspis perniciosa batu (stone fruit) Iraq, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, =Diaspidiotus perniciosus =Hemiberlesia perniciosa Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Thailand, =Quadraspidiotus perniciosus =Q.perniciosus ); Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen Hemiptera: Coccidae; California scale,Chinese scale, perniciosus scale, San José scale Europe : Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Norway,Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, 24
Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Oceania : Australia, New Zealand
73. Diatraea saccharalis (Fab).; (=Chilo obliteratellus (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, II batang (stem), daun (leaf) America : Antigua and Barbuda, =Crambus leucaniellus =C.lineosellus =C.sacchari sugarcane) Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, =Diatraea continens =D.crambidoides =D.pedidocta Brazil, Virgin Islands, Colombia, Costa (S): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Sorghum =D.saccharalis va grenadensis=D.sacchari Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Zea mays =D.sacchari f. brasiliensis=Phalaena Salvador, France Guiana, Grenada, (jagung, corn, maize) saccharalis=D.obliteratella Guadeloupe,Guatemala, Guyana, =D.obliteratellus=D.incomparella) ; Lepidoptera: Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Crambidae; sugarcane stalk borer, sugarcane borer, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, sugarcane moth borer, American sugarcane borer, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, small moth borer, small sugarcane moth borer St. Kitts & Nevis,St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela
74. Diopsis longicornis (Macquart); (=Diopsis thoracica) ; (P): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Africa: Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Diptera: Diopsidae; stalk-eyed fly Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Northwest Africa, Zimbabwe Asia : India, Philippines
75. Diorymerellus laevimargo (Champion); Coleoptera: (P): Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchid) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Curculionidae; orchid weevil bunga (flower) Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana
76. Diparopsis castanea (Hamp).; (= Diparopsis watersi. (P): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa: Botswana, Malawi, Rothschild) Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; red bollworm, red buah (fruit), benih/ biji Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, (S): Cefenfuegosia heldebrandii ; Sudan bollworm, red Sudan cotton worm, red cotton (seed/grain) Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Gossypioides kirkii ; Thespesia spp. bollworm Zimbabwe. 25
77. Distantiella theobromae (Distant.); Hemiptera: Miridae; (P): Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Cameroon, Congo, Ivory cocoa capsid, brown capsid, cocoa capsid stem Ceiba pentandra (kapuk randu, kapok) buah (fruit) Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leonne, sapper Togo (S): Aandsonia digitata , Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange)
78. Elanda saccharina (Wlk).; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae; (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Africa : Angola, Benin, Botswana, sugarcane stalk borer sugarcane) Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, DR Congo, Congo, Equatorial (S): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Sorghum Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Zea mays Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, (jagung, corn, maize) Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe Asia : Saudi Arabia
79. Empoasca facialis (Jacobi); (=Jacobiella facialis (P): Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Congo, Gambia, Ghana, =Chloritafacialis =Chlorita fascialis); Hemiptera, aubergine) buah (fruit) Kenya, Mauritania, Mozambique, Cicadellidae; green leafhopper Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania,
Togo, Uganda, DR Congo , Zimbabwe Asia : Cambodia, India Oceania : Australia, Fiji
80. Empoasca lybica (De Bergevin); (=Jacobiasca lybica (P): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Algeria, Central Africa, DR =Austroascalybica =Chlorita lybica =C.signata Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), buah (fruit) Congo, Egypt, Erythrea, Kenya, Libya, =Empoasca benedettoi =E.signata =Jacobiasca Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, signata) ; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae; cotton jassid, green Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, South leafhopper (GLH) Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda
26
America : Argentina Asia : India, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Yemen Europe: Albania, Italy, Portugal, Spain
81. Empoasca onukii (Mats).; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae; (P): Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Asia: Japan, Thailand tea green leafhopper
82. Epicauta albovittata (Gestro); Coleoptera: Meloidae; (P): Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Kenya stripped blister beetle chilies, red pepper), Arachys hypogaea buah (fruit) (kacang tanah, groundnut, peanut), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), solanaceae
83. Epicauta vittata (Fabricius); Coleoptera: Meloidae; (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : DR Congo stripped blister beetle Medicago sative ( lucerne). buah (fruit)
84. Epilachna similis (Thunb); Coleoptera: Coccinellidae; (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Africa : Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, maize ladybird beetle, cereal ladybird Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Sorghum Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, bicolor (sorghum), Pennisetum spp. Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe
(S): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy)
85. Epilachna varivestis (Mulsant).; (=Epilachna (P): Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Asia : Japan corrupta=E.maculiventris) ; Coleoptera: Coccinellidae; leguminosae lainnya (other legume) America : Canada, Colombia, Costa Mexican bean beetle, bean ladybeetle, bean ladybird Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, USA
86. Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus); (= Eulecanium coryli = (P): Acer campestre (field maple), Aesculus II buah (fruit), bibit tanaman Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Eulecanium mali = Lecanium coryli = Physokermes hippocastanum (buckeye), Crataegus (seedling) Denmark, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, coryli = Coccus coryli = Coccus tiliae = Coccus mali = monogyna (hawthorn) , Cydonia oblonga Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Parthenolecanium coryli = Eulecanium ibericum = (quince), Ficus , Fraxinus (ashes), Malus Macedonia, France, Germany, Coccus capreae = Coccus alni = Coccus salicum = domestica (apple), Prunus domestica Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Coccus fuscus = Coccus aceri = Coccus aceris (plum), Prunus persica (peach ), Prunus Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, campestris = Coccus pyri = Coccus rubi = Coccus salicina (Japanese plum), Pyrus communis Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, xylostei = Calypticus fasciatus = Lecanium juglandis = (European pear), Vaccinium myrtillus Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Coccus aesculi = Lecanium fasciatum = Lecanium rubi (blueberry) , Vitis vinifera (anggur, UK (Scotland) = Lecanium genevense = Lecanium alni = Lecanium grapevine) Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, 27
pyri = Lecanium aesculi = Lecanium berberidis = India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Pakistan, Lecanium cerasi = Lecanium variegatum = Lecanium Turkey fuscum = Lecanium (Eulecanium) aesculi = Lecanium America: Canada , USA (Eulecanium) capreae = Lecanium (Eulecanium) cerasi = Lecanium (Eulecanium) genevense = Lecanium (Eulecanium) juglandis, Lecanium (Eulecanium) rubi = Lecanium (Eulecanium) variegatum = Eulecanium fuscum = Lecanium (Saissetia) capreae = Lecanium (Eulecanium) hoferi = Lecanium websteri mirabilis = Eulecanium aceris = Eulecanium aesculi = Eulecanium alni = Eulecanium capreae = Eulecanium cerasi = Eulecanium fasciatum = Eulecanium pyri (Schrank) = Eulecanium rubi = Eulecanium variegatum = Eulecanium websteri mirabile = Eulecanium curtisi = Lecanium (Globulicoccus) fuscum = Eulecanium emerici = Globulicoccus fuscus = Lecanium mali = Eulecanium coryli cimbricus = Eulecanium gyrcanicum) ; Hemiptera: Coccidae; nut scale; thorn scale
87. Eumerus tuberculatus (Rond).; Diptera: Syrphidae; (P): Allium cepa (bawang bombai, onion), II akar (root), batang (stem), America : USA lesser bulb fly Narcissus spp. (narsisus, narcissus), daun (leaf), umbi Crinum asiaticum (bakung, lily). (tuber/corm), tanah (soil) (S): Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Irish spp., Lilia spp., Pastinaca sativa ( parsnip, parsnip), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Hippeastrum spp. (amarilis, amaryllis), Brassica oleracea capitata (kubis, cabbage), Calla elliottiana , Eurycies spp., Galtonia spp. , Gladiolus spp. , Scilla spp., Sprekelia , Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot)
88. Eupalamides cyparissias (Fab).; (=Castnia daedalus (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), II batang (stem), daun (leaf) America : Guyana France, Guyana, =Castnia dedalus =Lapaeumides dedalus =L.daedalus Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm) Panama, Peru, Suriname =Eupalamides dedalus =Papilio cyparissias =P.dedalus) ; Lepidoptera: Castniidae; oilpalm borer, coconut moth borer, stem borer and bunch stalk
28
89. Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairm.); (P): Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet II batang (stem), akar (root) Asia : Japan potato), Pharbitis nil (=Batatarhynchus destructor =Cryptorhynchus batatae America : Antigua and Barbuda, =C.postfasciatus =Euscepes batatae (S): Ipomoeaaquatica (kangkung, water Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, Virgin =Hyperomorphasquamosa) ; Coleoptera: spinach) Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Guyana Curculionidae; West 29ndian sweet potato weevil, France, Grenada, Guadeloupe, scarabee weevil, small sweet potato weevil Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto
Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela Oceania : Palau, Cook Island, Micronesia, Fiji, France Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Island, Pitcairn Island, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis- Futuna
90. Eutinobothrus brasiliensis (Hambleton); (P): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton) II batang (stem), akar (root) America : Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay (=Gasterocercodes brasiliensis =G.gossypii) ; (S): Hibiscus spp. Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Brazilian cotton borer
91. Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande); (=Euthrips (P): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa :Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, helianthi=Euthrips occidentalis =E.tritici var. Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, bunga (flower) Swaziland, Zimbabwe californicus =Frankliniella californica shallot), Brassica oleracea capitata (kubis, Asia :India, Israel, Japan, Korea, =F.canadensis=F.chrysanthemi =F.claripennis cabbage), Fragaria vesca (Fragaria vesca Kuwait, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Turkey =F.conspicua =F.dahliae =F.dianthi =F.nubila (arbei, strawberry), Cucurbitaceae, =F.occidentalis f. brunnescens =F.occidentalis f. Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchid), Amaranthus America : Argentina, Brazil, Canada, dubia=F.syringae =F.triticimaculata =F.tritici var. palmeri ( palmer amaranth ), Arachys Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, moultoni =F.umbRosa =F.venusta=F.helianthi hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut, Dominica, Ecuador, Guatemala, =F.moultoni=F.trehernei) ; Thysanoptera, Thripidae; peanut), Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Guyana, Martinique, Mexico, Peru, western flower thrips, alfalfa thrips, flower thrips, Begonia spp., Carthamus tinctorius , Citrus x Puerto Rico, USA western (USA) grass thrips paradise (grapefruit), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Cyclamen spp., Europe : Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Dahlia spp., Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Dianthus caryophyllus (anyelir, carnation), Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Euphorbia pulcherrima , Ficus carica (ara, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, fig), Fuchsia sp., Gerbera jamesonii , Italy, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Geranium spp., Gladiolus hybrids , Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Gypsophila, Hibiscus, Impatiens, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, 29
Kalanchoe , Lactuca sativa (sla, lettuce), Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Limonium sinuatum, Lisianthus spp., UK Lathyrus odoratus , Leucaena leucocephala Oceania : Australia, New Zealand (lamtoro, wild tamarind), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Medicago sativa , Petroselinum crispum (parslei, parsley), Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus persica var. nucipersica (nektarin, nectarine), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Purshia tridentata , Raphanus raphanistrum , Rhododendron spp. (azalea), Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Salvia spp. , Secale cereale (rye) , Sinapis arvensis , Sinningia speciosa , St.paulia ionantha , Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Sonchus spp., Syzygium aquea (jambu air, star apple), Trifolium spp., Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zinnia spp.
92. Graphognathus leucoloma (Boh).; (=Naupactus (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : South Africa leucoloma = Pantomorus leucoloma) ; Coleoptera: Trifolium repens , pastures, Medicago sativa buah (fruit) America : Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Curculionidae; white fringed weevil, whitefringed beetle (alfalfa, lucerne), Arachys hypogaea Peru, USA, Uruguay (kacang tanah, groundnut, peanut) Oceania : Australia, New Zealand (S): Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato)
93. Grapholitha molesta (Busck).; (=Cydia molesta (P): Prunus persica (persik, peach), Prunus II batang (stem), buah (fruit) Africa : Mauritius, Morocco, South =Laspeyresia molesta =Carpocapsa molesta) ; americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus persica Africa Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; oriental fruit moth var. nucipersica (nektarin, nectarine). America : Argentina, Brazil, Canada, (S): Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, quince), Chile, Mexico, USA, Uruguay Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Prunus Asia : China, Japan, Korea, Syria domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus dulcis (almon, almond ), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, Europe : Widespread cherry), Pyrus communis ( pear ), Buah batu 30
lain (other stone fruits), Malus sp., Oceania : Australia, New Zealand Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat)
94. Grapholitha packardi (Zeller); (=Cydia packardi (P): Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry) II batang (stem), buah (fruit) America : Canada, Mexico, USA =Enarmonia packardi =Enarmonia pyricolana (S): Cydonia oblonga , Malus domesticum =Laspeyresia packardi=L.pyricolana =Steganoptycha (apel , apple ), Prunus domesticum (plam, pyricolana) ; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; cherry fruitworm plum), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyracantha , Pyrus communis ( pir , pear ), Rosa spp., Vaccinium corymbosum
95. Grapholita prunivora (Walsh).; (=Cydia prunivora (P): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Canada, USA =Laspeyresia prunivora =Semasia prunivora Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), other bunga (flower), buah =Enarmonia prunivora); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; stone fruit (buah batulainnya) (fruit), media tanam lesser apple worm, plum moth (planting medium)
(S): Amelanchier, Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis ( pir , pear ), Rosa spp. (mawar, rose)
96. Harmolita grandis (Riley); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America :USA wheat strand worm Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Avena tanah (soil)
sativa (oat, oats), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean)
97. Harmolita tritici (Fitch.); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; wheat (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America :USA joint worm Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Avena tanah (soil) Asia : West Asia sativa (oat, oats), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean) Europe : Russia
98. Helopeltis anacardii (Miller); Heteroptera: Miridae; (P): Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Tanzania cashew helopeltis cashew-nut) bunga (flower)
99. Helopeltis bergrothi (Reut).; (=Helopeltis bergrothi (P): Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Angola, Benin, Burundi, =H.bergrothi flavescens =H.bergrothi nigripes bunga (flower) Cameroon, Central Africa, DR Congo., (S): Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, =H.bergrothi rubrinervis) ; Heteroptera: Miridae; Ivory Coast, Guinea Equator, Gabon, cashew-nut), Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), helopeltis bug, cacao-mosquito, tea-bug, tea-mosquito, Guinea, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, kina, Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cacao mosquito Rwanda, Togo cotton), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, 31
cassava), Ricinus communis (ja rak, castor - Europe : Spain oil)
100. Helopeltis schoutedeni (Reut).; (=Helopeltis (P): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, sanguineus =H.schoutedeni rubra =H.schoutedeni Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, buah (fruit) Central Africa, Chad, DR Congo, Ivory vanderysti) ; Heteroptera: Miridae;tea mosquito, cotton cashew-nut), Ricinus communis Coast, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, bug, cacao-mosquito, tea-bug, cotton helopeltis, cotton Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, (S): Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Mangifera helopeltis Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao indica (mangga, mango) Tome & Principe, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe
101. Hercinothrips bicinctus (Bagnall); (=Caliothrips (P): Musa spp. (pisang, banana) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Equatorial Guinea, Guinea, bicinctus =Heliothrips bicinctus); Thysanoptera: buah (fruit) Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania Thripidae; banana thrips, banana-silvering thrips, Asia : India smilax thrips Europe : Belgium, Portugal, Spain, UK America : Bermuda, Brazil, Peru Oceania : Australia, New Zealand
102. Heteroligus appius Burm.; Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae; (P): Dioscorea spp. (gembili, yam) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Bourkina Faso, Cameroon, lesser yam beetle umbi (tuber/corm) Dahomey, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
103. Heteroligus meles Billb.; Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae; (P): Dioscorea spp. (gembili, yam) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Bourkina Faso, Cameroon, greater yam beetle umbi (tuber/corm) Dahomey, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
104. Hilda patruelis (Stal.); Hemiptera: Tettigometridae; (P): Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Malawi, South Africa, groundnut hopper groundnut, peanut) bunga (flower) Tanzania, Zimbabwe (S): Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut); Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange); Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s finger); Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower); Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean); Vigna cylindrica ( kacang tunggak, long bean), Vigna spp. (buncis, 32
cowpea)
105. Homona magnanima Diakonoff; Lepidoptera: (P): Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Lithocarpus II tunas (bud), batang Asia: Japan, Taiwan Tortricidae; leaf roller, tea tortrix, Oriental tea tortrix edulis , Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Pyrus (stem), daun (leaf) communis ( pir , pear ), Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Chrysant hemum spp. (krisan, chrysant ), Paulownia tomentosa , Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant , aubergine), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut, peanut), buah batu (stone fruit), Eurya spp., Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Rhododendron Ispp. ( azalea), Nandina domestica , Podocarpus spp.
106. Homorocoryphus nitidulus Scopoli; (=Ruspolia (P): Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Africa : Kenya, Zimbabwe differens =R.vicina) ; rthoptera:Tettigoniidae; edible tobacco) grasshopper
107. Horcias nobilellus (Berg.); (=Capsus (Deraeocoris) (P): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton) II batang (stem) America : Argentina, Bahama, Bolivia, nobilitatus=Horcias (Horciasoides) nobilellus Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, (S): Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s =H.plagosus =Poecilocopsus nobilellus) ; Hemiptera: Uruguay, Venezuela finger), Bidens pilosa Miridae; cotton plant bug, cotton bug
108. Hyphantria cunea (Drury); (=Hyphantria textor); (P): Morus alba , Prunus cerrasus (ceri, II batang (stem), daun (leaf) America : Canada, Mexico, USA Lepidoptera: Arctiidae; blackheaded webworm, cherry), Juglans nigra (walnut, walnut) , Asia : China, Japan, Korea, Turkey mulberry moth, redheaded webworm, fall webworm, Pyrus communis ( pir , pear ), Malus American white moth domesticum ( apel , apple ), Prunus Europe : Austria, Bosnia and domesticum (plam, plum), Carya Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech,
illinoinensis , Carya ovata , Diospyros France, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, na,Liquidambar styraciflua , Prunus avium Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, Serbia, (S): Carya spp., Humulus lupulus ( hops), Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Ulmus americana , Ailanthus altissima , Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Juglans regia (walnut, walnut), Pinus densiflora , Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) Oceania : Micronesia, Northern Mariana Island
109. Keiferia lycopercicella Walsingham; (=Gnorimoschema (P): Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Bermuda, Bolivia,
33
elmorei =G.lycopersicella =Keiferia elmorei tomato) buah (fruit) Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Haiti, =Phthorimaea elmorei =P.lycopersicella) ; Lepidoptera: Jamaica, Mexico, USA, Venezuela (S): Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, Gelechiidae; tomato pinworm aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco)
110. Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.); (=Aspidiotus conchiformis =A. (P): Ficus carica (ara, fig), Fagus II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Algeria, Egypt, South Africa falciformis =A.juglandis =A.pomorum =A.pyrus-malus grandifolia , Fraxinus americana,Juglans buah (fruit), bunga (flower) America : Argentina, Brazil, Canada, =A.saliceti =Coccus conchiformis =C.ulmi =Diaspis regia (walnut, walnut), Malus domesticum Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, USA, linearis=Lepidosaphes (Mytilaspis) ulmi=L.ceratoniae (apel , apple ), Olea europaea subsp. Uruguay =L. conchiformis =L.juglandis =L.pomorum =L.ulmi Europaea (zaitun, olive), Populus spp., =L.vulva =Mytilaspis (Lepidosaphes) pomorum buah batu (stone fruit), Pyrus communis Asia : Afghanistan, Armenia, China, =M.ceratoniae =M.juglandis =M.pomicorticis (pir , pear ), Salix alba , Tilia cordata , Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, =M.pomorum =M.ulicis =M.ulmi =M.vitis =Mytilococcus Vaccinium myrtillus Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Saudi saliceti =M.ulmi) ; Hemiptera: Diaspididae; oyster shell Arabia, Syria, Turkey scale, apple mussel scale, mussel scale Europe : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania : Australia
111. Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.; (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Gabon (=Chrysomela decemlineata =Doryphora decemlineata tanah (soil) (S): Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, America : Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, =Leptinotarsa multitaeniata =Polygramma tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, Guatemala, Mexico, USA decemlineata) ; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae; beetle, eggplant, aubergine), Hyoscyamus niger , potato beetle Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco) Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Europe : Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, 34
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia
112. Leptopharsa heveae (Drake & Poor); (P): Hevea brasiliensis (karet, rubber tree) II tunas (bud), batang America : Brazil Hemiptera: Tingidae; lace bug, rubber tingid bug (stem), daun (leaf)
113. Leucoptera caffeina (Washburn).; Lepidoptera: (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Lyonetiidae; coffee leaf miner buah (fruit) Rwanda, Tanzania , Madagascar America : Antigua and Barbuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guyana France, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela
114. Leucoptera coffeella (Guer & Menev); Lepidoptera: (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Madagascar Lyonetiidae; white coffee leaf miner buah (fruit) America : Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guyana France, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela
115. Leucoptera coma (Ghesq); Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Congo coffee leaf miner buah (fruit)
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116. Leucoptera meyrick (Ghesq).; Lepidoptera: (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Central Africa, Kenya, Uganda, Lyonetiidae; coffee leaf miner buah (fruit) Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe America : Brazil, Peru
117. Liriomyza bryoniae (Kaltenbach); Diptera: (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), II tunas (bud), daun (leaf), Africa : Egypt, Morocco Agromyzidae; coffee leaf miner Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), media tanam (planting Asia :China, India, Israel, Japan, Solanaceae medium) Korea, Nepal, Turkey, Turkmenistan Europe : Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK
118. Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel); Coleoptera: (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Curculionidae; wheat stem weevil Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Zea mays akar (root), bunga (flower), Chile, Uruguay (jagung, corn, maize), cerealia, rerumputan benih/biji (seed/grain) Oceania : Australia, New Zealand (Poaceae). (S): Cynodon spp. , Festuca pratensis , Agrostis capillaris , Anthoxanthum puelii , Avena sativa (oat, oats ) , Bromus spp., Festuca rubra , Phleum pratense
119. Listronotus oregonensis (Leconte); Coleoptera: (P): Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Apium II akar (root), batang (stem), America : Canada, USA Curculionidae; carrot weevil graveolens (seladeri, celery), Anethum daun (leaf), umbi (tuber/ graveolens (dill), Petroselinum crispum corm). , tanah (soil)
(parseli, parsley).
120. Listronotus texanus (Stockton); (P): Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), II akar (root), batang (stem), America : USA ( = Hyperodes texanus ); Coleoptera: Petroselinum crispum (piterseli, parsley) daun (leaf), umbi Curculionidae;carrot weevil (tuber/corm).
36
121. Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffer Muller.); (P): Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Africa : Algeria, Egypt, Erythrea, (= grave berry moth); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae; (S): Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, kiwi fruit), Kenya, Libya, Morocco vinemoth Dianthus spp., Diospyros kaki (kesemek, Asia : Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, persimmon), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Prunus spp., Punica granatum (delima, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Syria, pomegranate), Ribes spp., Olea europea Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, subsp. europea (zaitum, olive), Prunus Uzbekistan domesticum (plam, plum) Europe : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Rusia, Spain, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia
122. Longitarsus nigripennis (Motsch.); Coleoptera: (P): Piper nigrum (lada, pepper) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Asia: India. Chrysomelidae; pepper flea beetle bunga (flower), benih/biji (seed/grain), tanah (soil)
123. Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois); Hemiptera: (P): Brassica napus var. napus(raap, rape), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Bermuda, Canada, El Miridae; plant bugs Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), bunga (flower) Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Amaranthus cruentus , Brassica oleracea Mexico, USA var. botrytis (bunga kol, cauifolwer), Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Phaseolus lunatus , Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trifolium incarnatum , Vicia sativa (S): Anethum graveolens (dill), Apium graveolens (seladeri, celery), Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus), Aster spp., Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Bellis perennis, Brassica oleracea capitata (kubis, cabbage), Calendula officinalis , Cosmos spp., Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Dahlia hybrids , Dendranthema spp., Gladiolus hybrids , Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Helianthus spp., 37
Lespedeza cuneata , Pinus merkusii (tusam, pinetree ) echinata , spp. , Pyrus communis (pir , pear ), Rubus spp., Salvia officinalis , Sinapis alba,Tragopogon porrifolius , Verbena spp., Zinnia elegans
124. Macrodactylus subspinosus (F); Coleoptera: (P): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ). II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Mexico, USA Scarabaeidae; rose chaffer (S): Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Beta spp., buah (fruit) cucurbitae, Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Piper nigrum (lada, pepper), legumes, Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis ( pir , pear ), buah batulainnya (other stone fruit) , Rubus spp., Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry)
125. Macroplectra nararia (Moore); Lepidoptera: (P): Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Coffea II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Asia : India, Sri Lanka Limacodidae; fringed nettle grub spp. (kopi, coffee), Musa spp. (pisang, tanah (soil)
banana), Elaeis guineensis ( kelapa sawit, oilpalm), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Erythrina spp.(dadap, december tree) (S): Gliricidia maculata , Crotalaria spp ., Tephrosia spp., Citrus spp., Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Lonicera spp., Canna spp. (bunga tasbih, canna)a, Eucalyptus robusta , Psidium guineense .
126. Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas); Hemiptera: (P): Beta vulgaris (bit gula, beetroot), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Algeria, Angola, Burundi, DR Aphididae; potato aphid Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), bunga (flower) Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Lactuca sativa (sla, lettuce), Lycopersicum Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, esculentum (tomat, tomato), Rosa spp. Mozambique, Rwanda, Reunion, St. (mawar, rose), Solanum melongena Helena, South Africa, Tanzania, (terung, eggplant), Solanum tuberosum Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe (kentang, potato), Zea mays (jagung, corn, America : Argentina, Bermuda, Bolivia, maize) Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Asia : Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Lebanon,
38
Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Turkey Europe : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Finland, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia , France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania : Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand
127. Maladera castanea (Arrow.); Coleoptera: (P): Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Daucus II tanaman (plant), tanah America : USA Scarabaeidae; Asiatic garden beetle carota (wortel, carrot), Pastinaca sativa (soil) Asia : China, Japan, Korea (parsnip), Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chilies, red pepper ), Brassica rapa subspec. rapa (turnip)
128. Malacosoma americanum (F).; Lepidoptera: (P): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Canada, USA Lasyocampidae; eastern tent caterpillar Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus buah (fruit) persica (persik, peach)
129. Manduca quinquemaculata (Haworth); Lepidoptera: (P): Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Canada, USA Sphingidae; tomato hornworm tomato), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tanah (soil) tobacco)
130. Manduca sexta (Linn.); Lepidoptera: Sphingidae; (P): Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell- II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Antigua and Barbuda, tobacco hornworm pepper), Sesamum indicum (wijen, tanah (soil) Argentina, Bahama, Barbados, Belize, sesame), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Caribbean tomato), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, Islands, Cayman Island, Chile, tobacco), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, potato) Dominica, Ecuador, Guyana France, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, 39
(S ): Datura stramonium ( kecubung, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, jimsonweed), Verbena spp. Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Virgin Islands
131. Mayetiola destructor (Say.); Diptera: Cecidomyiidae; (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa: Algeria, Morocco , Tunisia hessian fly benih/ biji (seed/ grain) (S): Agropyron spp. , Hordeum vulgare America : Canada, USA (barli, barley), Secale cereale (rye) Asia: Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Syria, Turkey Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: New Zealand
132. Ophiomyia simplex (Loew.); Diptera: Agromyzidae; (P): Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : USA Asparagus miner asparagus) akar (root) Europe : France
133. Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché);(= Lecanium corni = (P) : Crataegus (hawthorns), Malus II bunga (flower), buah Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Lecanium robiniarum = Lecanium vini =Coccus tiliae = (ornamental species apple), Prunus (stone (fruit), daun (leaf), batang Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, Finland, Lecanium ribis = Lecanium cynosbati = Lecanium fruit), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus (stem), bibit tanaman Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and corylifex = Lecanium juglandifex = Coccus rosarum = persica (peach), Ribes (currants), Ribes (seedling) Herzegovina, Montenegro, Lecanium fitchii = Lecanium rugosum = Lecanium nigrum (blackcurrant), Ribes rubrum (red Macedonia,France, Germany, Greece, tarsalis = Lecanium wistariae = Lecanium armeniacum currant), Rosa (mawar, roses), Vitis vinifera Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, = Lecanium assimile = Lecanium caryae canadense= (anggur, grapevine), Malus domestica Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Lecanium lintneri = Lecanium (Eulecanium) caryarum (apel, apple), Mespilus germanica (medlar), Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, = Lecanium (Eulecanium) kingii =Lecanium Morus alba (mora), Populus (poplars), Serbia-Montenegro, Slovakia, Spain, (Eulecanium) maclurarum = Lecanium crawii = Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Prunus Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Lecanium maclurae = Lecanium kansasense = serotina (black cherry), Pyracantha Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Lecanium (Eulecanium) aurantiacum = Lecanium coccinea (Scarlet firethorn), Pyrus (pir, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, India,Iran, 40
websteri = Eulecanium rosae = Lecanium rehi = pears), Pyrus communis (European pear), Japan,Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Lecanium adenostomae =Eulecanium guignardi = Ribes uva-crispa (gooseberry), Robinia Lebanon, Mongolia,Pakistan, Syria, Eulecanium fraxini =Lecanium folsomi = Lecanium pseudoacacia (black locust), Rosmarinus Tajikistan,Turkey, Turkmenistan, obtusum =Lecanium corni robiniarum = Lecanium officinalis (rosemary), Rubus (blackberry, Uzbekistan persicae crudum =Lecanium pruinosum armeniacum = raspberry), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Salix Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya Lecanium (Eulecanium) corylifex = Lecanium (willows), Sorbus (rowan), Spiraea , Taxus (Eulecanium) rugosum = Lecanium (Eulecanium) baccata (English yew), Tilia (limes), Ulmus America: Argentina, Brazil, lintneri = Lecanium canadense = Lecanium (elms), Vaccinium myrtillus (blueberry), Canada,Chile, North America, Mexico, (Eulecanium) canadense = Lecanium (Eulecanium) Viburnum, Wisteria sinensis (purple USA, Peru armeniacum = Lecanium (Eulecanium) cynosbati = wisteria) Lecanium (Eulecanium) tarsale = Lecanium Oceania: Australia, New Zealand (Eulecanium) ribis = Lecanium (Eulecanium) fitchii = Lecanium (Eulecanium) crawii = Lecanium (Eulecanium) vini = Eulecanium vini = Eulecanium kansasens = Lecanium (Eulecanium) assimile =Lecanium coryli = Eulecanium corni corni = Parthenolecanium corni = Parthenolecanium coryli ); Hemiptera: Coccidae; European fruit lecanium brown scale; European fruit scale; peach scale; yew scale; fruit scale
134. Protomelittoma insulare (Fairmaire); Coleoptera: (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), II batang (stem) Africa : Madagascar, Seychelles. Lymexylidae; stem borer Elaeis guineensis ( kelapa sawit, oilpalm)
135. Monochamus alternatus (Hope); Coleoptera: (P): Pinus merkusii (tusam, pinetree) II ranting, batang, kayu Asia : China, Japan, Korea, Laos, Cerambycidae; pine sawyer (wood) Vietnam
136. Monochamus nitens (Bates); Coleoptera: (P): Pinus merkusii (tusam, pinetree) II ranting, batang, kayu Asia : China, Japan, Korea, Laos, Cerambycidae; pine sawyer (wood) Vietnam
137. Myopardalis pardalina (Biggot); Diptera: Tephritidae; (P): Cucumis sativus (mentimun, II buah (fruit), media tanam Asia: Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Baluchistan fruit fly cucumber), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), (planting medium), tanah Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Northern Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu parang, (soil) India, Pakistan, Afghanistan pumpkin), Citrullus vulgaris (semangka, Europe: Russian (Kaukasus) watermelon), Cucurbitaceae
138. Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth); Lepidoptera: (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Mali, Morocco, Niger, Senegal, Noctuidae; rice armyworm sugarcane), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tanah (soil) Somalia,Togo tobacco), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), America : Argentina, Bahama, Bolivia, Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Sorghum bicolor Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, (sorgum, sorghum), rumput and serealea 41
lainnya (Poaceae and other cerealia) Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, (S): Turfgrasses, Medicago sativa (alfalfa, Puerto Rico, USA, Uruguay, lucerne), Trifolium spp., Allium spp., Venezuela Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Phaseolus spp., Solanum tuberosum Asia : India, Iran, Israel, Turkey, (kentang, potato) Uzbekistan Europe : Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK
139. Myzaphis rosa rum (Kaltenbach); Hemiptera: (P): Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : South Africa Aphididae; lesser rose aphid bunga (flower)
140. Nematocerus spp.; Coleoptera: Curculionidae; (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, shiny cereal weevil Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), cerealia, benih/ biji (seed/ grain) Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda legumes, Camellia sinensis (teh, tea),
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee)
141. Oberea bimaculatus (Leconte); Coleoptera: (P): Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America: America. Cerambycidae; raspberry cane borer bunga (flower)
142. Oryctes boas (Fabricius); Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, rhinoceros beetle Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm), media tanam (planting Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa, Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates-palm) medium), tanah (soil) Chad, DR Congo, Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Asia : Saudi Arabia, Yemen
42
143. Oryctes elegans (Prell); Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; (P): Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates- II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Mauritius rhinoceros beetle palm) media tanam (planting Asia : Iran medium), tanah (soil)
144. Oryctes monoceros (Oliv.); Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, rhinoceros beetle; coconut beetle Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm), media tanam (planting Burundi, Cameroon, Comoros, DR Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates-palm) medium), tanah (soil) Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guyana, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, (S): Agave part oflana , Areca spp ., Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Dracaena spp., Musa spp. (pisang, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Reunion, banana), Raphia spp., Saccharum Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda Asia : Saudi Arabia, Yemen
145. Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner); Lepidoptera: Crambidae; (P): Humulus lupulus ( hops), rerumputan II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, European corn borer (Poaceae), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), buah (fruit), benih/biji Tunisia Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), (seed/grain) America : Canada, USA serealia lainnya (cerealia) Asia : Georgia, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, (S): Amaranthus hybridus (bayam, Syria, Turkey spinach), Amaranthus spp., Arctium minus , Artemisia vulgaris , Chrysant hemum spp., Europe : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Capsicum spp., Cynara scolymus (artisyok, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, France, artichoke), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, sunflower), Lycopersicum esculentum Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, (tomat, tomato) , Malus domesticum ( apel , Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, apple ), Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Prunus persica (persik, peach), Solanum Macedonia tuberosum (kentang, potato)
146. Oulema oryzae Kuw.; (Lema oryzae); Coleoptera: (P): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Asia : China, Japan, Korea Chrysomelidae; rice leaf beetle Europe : Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia
43
147. Pachymerus lacerdae Chevr.; (=Pachymerus olearius); (P): Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, II buah (fruit), benih/biji Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Coleoptera: Bruchidae; seed borer oilpalm) (seed/grain) Cameroon, Cape Verde, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Northwest Africa
America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana, Uruguay, Venezuela
148. Pachymerus nucleorum (Fabricius); (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), II buah (fruit), benih/biji America: Brazil, Guyana France, (=Bruchus nucleorum =Caryoborus nucleorum); Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm) (seed/grain) Guyana, Paraguay. Coleoptera: Bruchidae; coconut borer, kernel borer
149. Paleacrita vernata (Peck.); (=Alsophila vernata) ; (P): Ulmus spp., kayu hutan lainnya (other II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Canada, USA Lepidoptera: Geometridae; spring cancerworm forest tree) buah (fruit)
150. Papaipema nebris (Guenee); (=Papaipema nitela); (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : USA Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; stalk borer cerealia bunga (flower)
151. Parallelodiplosis cattleyae (Molliard); Diptera: (P): Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchid) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : USA Cecydomiidae; cattleya midge bunga (flower)
152. Pemphigus betae (Doane); Hemiptera: Aphididae; (P): Beta spp. II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Canada, North America, sugarbit root aphid umbi (tuber/corm) USA
153. Peridroma saucia (Hubner); (=Agrotis angulifera (P): Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Brassica II batang (stem), daun Africa : Morocco , Tunisia =A.impacta =A.inermis =A.intecta =A.ortonii =A.saucia oleracea capitata (kubis, cabbage), B. (leaf), bunga (flower) America : Argentina, Bermuda, Brazil, =Lycophotia margaritosa =L.ochronota =L.saucia oleracea var. botrytis (bunga kol, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, =Noctua aequa =N.majuscula =N.margaritosa cauliflower), Capsicum annuum (paprika, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, =N.saucia =Rhyacia margaritosa =R.saucia bell-pepper), Lactuca sativa (selada, Puerto Rico, USA, Uruguay, =Peridroma margaritosa) ; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; lettuce), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, Venezuela variegated cutworm, pirly underwing moth tomato), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Cynara scolymus (artisyok, Asia : Armenia, China, Israel, Japan, 44
artichoke), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, Sri Lanka, Syria, Turkey lucerne), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, Europe : Albania, Austria, Belgium, tobacco) Bulgaria, Canary Island, Czech, (S): Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, Denmark, Faroes Island, Finland, shallot), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, groundnut, peanut ), Asparagus officinalis Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, (asparagus, asparagus), Avena sativa Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, (oats), Brassica spp, Citrus spp.(jeruk, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, orange), Cicer arietinum , Cucumis melo Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, (melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, cucumber), Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu Montenegro, Macedonia parang, pumpkin), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Humulus lupulus (hops), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Linum usitatissimum , Malus domesticum ( apel , apple), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Phleum pratense , Phaseolus lunatus , Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Pimenta dioica , Prunus americana (apricot), Prunus domesticum (plum), Pyrus communis ( pear ), Rheum hybridum , Ribes uva-crispa , Rubus idaeus , Secale cereale (rye) , Sinapis alba,Spinacia oleracea , Trifolium, Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), turfgrasses, Vicia faba , Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zea mexicana,Ambrosia artemisiifolia , Anthemis cotula , Chamaecyparis thyoides , Citrullus vulgaris (semangka, watermelon), Conyza canadensis, Gleditsia triacanthos , Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower) , Inula helenium , Lolium spp., Mentha piperita , Portulaca oleracea , Prunus cerasus , Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pteridium aquilinum , Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Rumex, Stellaria media,Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) 45
154. Phenacoccus gossypii Townsend & Cockerell; (P): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Bahama, Brazi, Cuba, Hemiptera: Coccidae; Mexican mealybug Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) bunga (flower) Mexico, North America, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, USA Asia : India
155. Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferraro; Hemiptera: (P): Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Coccidae; cassava mealybug bunga (flower) Central African, DR Congo,Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea- Bissau, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zanzibar, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Paraguay
156. Phylloxera vitifoliae (Fitch.); (P): Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Algeria, Morocco, South Africa, (=Dactylosphaera vastatrix =D.vitifoliae =D.vitifoliae buah (fruit), bunga Tunisia, Zimbabwe =D.vitifoliae =Pemphigus vitifoliae =Peritymbia (flower), akar (root) America : Argentina, Bermuda, Bolivia, vastatrix =P.vitifoliae =P.vitisana =Phylloxera Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Mexico, pervastatrix =P.vastatrix =P.vitifoliae =P.vitifolii Panama, Peru, USA, Uruguay, =Rhizaphis vastatrix =Viteus vastatrix) ; Hemiptera: Venezuela Phylloxeridae; phylloxera, grape phylloxera, vine louse, grape leaf louse Asia : Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, India, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey Europe : Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania : Australia, New Zealand 46
157. Pieris rapae (L).; (=Artogeia rapae =Ascia rapae (P): Brassica spp. II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Africa : Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco =Mancipium rapae =Papilio rapae =Pontia rapae) ; (S): Alliaria petiolata , Erysimum America : Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, Lepidoptera: Pieridae; cabbage butterfly, cabbage cheiranthoides , Rorippa indica , Spinacia USA white butterfly, common cabbage worm, imported oleracea , Tropaeolum majus cabbage worm, rape white butterfly, small white Asia : Afghanistan, China, Georgia, butterfly Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
Mongolia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Syria, Turkey, Vietnam Europe : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania : Australia, New Zealand
158. Pimelephila ghesquierei (Tams).; Lepidoptera: (P): Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Africa : Benin, Cameroon, Central Pyralidae; African spir borer oilpalm) Africa, DR Congo, Congo, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, (S): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut) Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
159. Planococcus kenyae (Le Pelley); (=Planococcus (P): Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon II Semua bagian tanaman Africa :Burundi, DR Congo, Congo, subukiaensis=Pseudococcus kenyae=P.kenyaensis); pea), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Coffea spp. (all parts of plant) Ivory Coast, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae; coffee mealybug, Kenya (kopi, coffee), Dioscorea sp. (gembili, yam), Nigeria, Rwanda, Siera Leone, Sudan, mealybug Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe Passiflora spp., Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa)
47
(S): Acacia spp., Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Indigofera spp. , Impatiens spp., Pueraria lobata , Sesbania grandiflora (turi, agati)
160. Planococcoides njalensis (Laing); (=Pseudococcus (P): Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), II Tunas (bud), batang Africa : Benin, Cameroon, DR Congo, njalensis =P.exitiabilis) ; Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae; Persea americana (alpokat, avocado) (stem), daun (leaf), buah Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Northwest African cocoa mealybug (fruit) Liberia, Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe, (S): Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Cola acuminata , Mangifera indica (mangga, mango)
161. Popilia japonica (Newman); (=Aserica japonica (P): Acer spp., Asparagus officinalis II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Canada, USA =A.japonica =Maladera japonica =Serica japonica) ; (asparagus, asparagus), Glycine max bunga (flower), akar (root), Asia : China, India, Japan, Korea Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; Japanese beetle, velvety (kedelai, soybean), Malus domesticum tanah (soil) Europe : Portugal, Russia chafer (apel , apple ), buah batu (stone fruit), Rheum hybridum , Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Rubus spp.(raspberry), Tilia spp., Ulmus spp., Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) (S): Aesculus spp. , Althaea spp. , Castanea spp. , Hibiscus spp., Juglans nigra , Platanus spp. , Populus spp. , Salix spp., Sorbus americana , Sassafras albidum , Betula spp., turfgrasses.
162. Prionoryctes canniculus (Arr).; Coleoptera : (P): Dioscorea sp. (gembili, yam), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : widespread Scarabaeidae; yam beetle Dioscorea esculenta umbi (tuber/corm)
163. Prostephanus truncatus (Horn.); (P): Dried cassava (gaplek), Zea mays II umbi kering (tuber/corm Africa : Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, (=Dinoderus truncates); Coleoptera: Bostrichidae; (jagung, corn, maize), Arachys hypogaea dried), benih/biji (seed/ Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, larger grain borer, greater grain borer, scania beetle (kacang tanah, groundnut, peanut) grain) Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia S): Dioscorea sp. (gembili, yam),, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Triticale spp., America : Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, USA Asia : China, India, Iraq, Israel, Philippines, Thailand
48
Europe : France
164. Pseudotheraptus wayi (Brown); Hemiptera: Coreidae; (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), II batang (stem), bunga Africa : Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania coconut bug Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, (flower), buah (fruit)
cashew-nut), Macadamia spp.
(S): Cinnamomum Myanmarnii (bark of
manis, cassia vera) Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, loquat), Psidium guajava (jambu
biji, guava), Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa), Averrhoa carambola (belimbing, carambola, starfruit) Carya illinoinensis , Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado)
165. Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell); (P): Abutilon (Indian Mallow), Arachis II Bibit tanaman (seedling), Europe : Czech, France, Italy, (= P. fragilis Brain; P. gahani Green); Homoptera : hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut), bagian tanaman (part of Netherlands, Portugal, Rusia, Pseudococcidae; Citrophilus mealybug. Brachychyton , Brassica, Ceanothus (white- plant) Slovakia, Spain, Ukraine, UK thorne), Chenopodium (Goosefoot), Citrus Asia : China, Georgia medica (citron), Conium maculatum (Poison hemlock), Crataegus , (hawthorns), Africa: Ghana, Madagascar, Morocco, Cynodiaoblonga (quince), Daucus carota Namibia, South Africa (wortel, carrot), Dodonaea viscosa (switsch sorrel), Eugenia , Ficus , Fragaria (stroberi, America : Mexico, USA, Chilie, strawberry), Geranium (cranesbill), Hedera Lousiana, Central America, Argentina, helix (ivy), Helianthusspp. (sunflower), Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Heliotropium arborescens (cherry pie), Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Hibiscus (rosemallows), Juglans regia Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, (walnut), Laburnum anargyroides French Guiana (laburnum), Ligustrum (privet), Lolium spp Oceania : Australia, New Zealand, (ryegrasses), Malus domestica (apple), Victoria Malus sylvestris (crab-apple tree), Malva (mallow), Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Nerium oleander (oleander), Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Pinus radiata (radiata pine), Pisum sativum (pea), Pittosporum , Polyscias , Prunus , (stone fruit), Pyrus communis (European pear), Rheum hybridum , (rhubarb), Rhododendron (Azalea), Ribes sanguineum (Flowerring currant), Rosa (mawar, roses), Rubus 49
(blackberry, raspberry) Schinus molle (false pepper tree), Sechium edulle (chayotte), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane)
166. Psila rosae (Fab.); (=Chamaepsila rosae = (P): Petroselinum crispum (parseli, parsley), II umbi (tuber/corm), media America : Canada, USA Musca rosae =Chamaepsila hennigi) ; Diptera: Psilidae; Pastinaca sativa ( parsnip), Apium tanam (planting medium), Asia : Georgia, Japan, Mongolia, carrot fly, carrot rust fly graveolens (seledri, celery), Daucus carota tanah (soil) Turkey (wortel, carrot) Europe : Austria, Belarus, Belgium, (S): Anethum graveolens (dill), Anthriscus Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, cerefolium , Coriandrum sativum (ketumbar, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, corriander) , Carum carvi (caraway) , Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Foeniculum vulgare (adas pedas, fennel) Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK
167. Psorosina hammondi (Riley).; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae; (P): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Canada, USA apple leaf skeletonizer Prunus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus buah (fruit) communis ( pir , pear ), nektarin, other stone
fruit (buah batu lainnya)
168. Pyrrhia umbra (Hufnagel); Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; rose (P): Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Asia : Korea budworm, tobacco striped caterpillar tomato) bunga (flower) Europe : Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia , Germany
169. Recilia mica (Kramer); Hemiptera: Cicadellidae; (P): Elaeis guineensis ( kelapa sawit, II tunas (bud), batang Africa : Ivory Coast, Northwest Africa cicadellid leafhopper oilpalm) (stem), daun (leaf)
170. Rhagoletis cerasi (L); (= Musca cerasi = Rhagoletis (P): Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry) II buah (fruit), media tanam Asia: Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, cerasi fasciata=R.cerasi nigripes =R.cerasi obsoleta (planting medium), tanah Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, (S): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), =R.obsoleta =Spilographa cerasi =Tephritis cerasi (soil) Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus =Trypeta signata =Urophora cerasorum =Urophora persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, 50
liturata) ; Diptera: Tephritidae; European cherry fly, (pir , pear ), Prunus domesticum (plam, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, cherry fruit fly plum) France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia
171. Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew.); (=Trypeta cingulata) ; (P): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), II buah (fruit), media tanam America: Canada, Mexico, USA. Diptera: Tephritidae; cherry fruit fly Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Pyrus (planting medium), tanah communis ( pir , pear ), Prunus domesticum (soil) (plam, plum) (S): Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus persica (persik, peach)
172. Rhagoletis fausta (Osten Sacken); (=Acidia fausta = (P): Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry) II buah (fruit), media tanam America : Canada, USA Rhagoletisintrudens =Trypeta (Acidia) (planting medium), tanah (S): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), fausta=T.fausta) ; Diptera: Tephritidae; black (dark) (soil) Prunus americana (apricot), Prunus persica cherry fruit fly (persik, peach), Pyrus communis ( pear ), Prunus domesticum (plum)
173. Rhagoletis pamonella Walsh.; (P): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), II buah (fruit), media tanam America : Canada, Mexico, USA. (= Rhagoletis symphoricarpi =Spilographa pomonella (planting medium), tanah (S): Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus =Trypetapomonella =Zonosema pomonella) ; Diptera: (soil) domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus persica Tephritidae; apple maggot fly, railroad worm (persik, peach), Pyrus communis ( pir , pear ), Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot)
174. Rhynchoporus palmarum L.; Coleoptera: (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), II batang (stem), daun (leaf) America : Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Curculionidae; boring weevil Elaeis guineensis ( kelapa sawit, oilpalm), Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, dates-palm), Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Salvador, Guyana France, Grenada, Phoenix canariensis Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, (S): Artocarpus communis (sukun, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, breadfruit), Ananas comosus (nenas, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and pineapple), Annona reticulata , Carica the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad papaya (pepaya, pawpaw), Citrus and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, spp.(jeruk, orange), Mangifera indica Venezuela (mangga, mango), Musa spp. (pisang, 51
ban ana), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa)
175. Rhynchoporus phoenicis (L).; Coleoptera: (P): Phoenix spp, Cocos nucifera (kelapa, II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Africa : Angola, Benin, Cameroon, DR Curculionidae; boring weevil coconut), Elaeis guineensis ( kelapa sawit, Congo, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Ghana, oilpalm) Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South
Africa, Tanzania, Uganda
176. Sacadodes pyralis (Dyar.); Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; (P): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton) II buah (fruit); batang America :Colombia, Costa Rica, El Colombian pink bollworm, pink cotton boll worm, (stem),daun (leaf), bunga Salvador, Guyana, Nicaragua, (S): Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s Thurberia bollworm, Trinidad bollworm, South (flower) Panama, Paraguay,Trinidad and finger), Cienfuegosia affinis , Hibiscus American red bollworm, sugarcane stalk borer, South Tobago , Venezuela sabdariffa American bollworm
177. Saccharosydne saccharivora (Westwood); (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Antigua and Barbuda, (=Delphax saccharivora =Stenocranus saccharivorus) ; sugarcane) bunga (flower) Bahama, Barbados, Caribbean Island, Hemiptera: Delphacidae; West indian cane fly, West Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Indian sugarcane leafhopper Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela
178. Sahlbergella singularis (Hagl).; (P): Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Cola II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Angola, Benin, Cameroon, (=Sahlbergella theobroma) ; Heteroptera: Miridae; nitida buah (fruit) Central Africa, DR Congo, Congo, cocoa capsid, cotton capsid/bug Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, (S): Bombax buonopozense , Ceiba Ghana, Madagascar, Nigeria, Sao pentandra (kapuk randu, kapok), Cola spp., Tome & Principe, Sierra Leone, Togo, Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Uganda Theobroma spp.
179. Scolytus rugulosus (Muller); (P): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Algeria, Egypt, Libya, (=Eccoptogaster mediterraneus =E.rugulosus Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus buah (fruit) Morocco,Tunisia =Scolytus mediterraneus =Ruguloscolytus persica (persik, peach), Pyrus communis America : Argentina, Brazil, Canada, mediterraneus =R.rugulosus) ; Coleoptera: Scolytidae; ( pir , pear ), Prunus domesticum (plam, Chile, Peru, USA, Uruguay shoot hole borer, apple tree beetle, fruit tree bark plum), other stone fruit (buah batu lainnya) beetle, shot-hole borer Asia : Afghanistan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq,
52
Israel, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan
Europe : Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia,
180. Sesamia calamistis (Hamps).; (=Sesamia vuteria) ; (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Africa : Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae; African pink stem borer, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Burundi, Cameroon, Comoros, DR African pink borer of sugarcane, Mauritius pink borer of Pennisetum glaucum , Triticum aestivum Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, sugarcane, pink stalk borer of sugarcane, southern (gandum, wheat), Oryza sativa (padi, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, pink borer of sugarcane paddy), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, sugarcane), cerealia. Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Reunion, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
181. Sesamia cretica (Lederer); (=Sesamia cretica (P): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Pennisetum II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Africa : Algeria, Cameroon, Chad, rufescens=S.cyrnaea =S.griselda =S.pecki glaucum , Saccharum officinarum (tebu, Egypt, Erythrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, =S.uniformis =S.vuteria vuterioides) ; Lepidoptera: sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Libya, Mali, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Noctuidae; corn stem borer, greater sugarcane sorghum), Triticum aestivum (gandum, Somalia, Sudan, Togo, Tunisia borer, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) stem borer, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) Asia : China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, stem corn borer, durra stem borer, corn pink borer, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, large corn borer, pink sugarcane borer, sugarcane pink Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, borer, sorghum borer Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Yemen Europe : Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia
182. Sitophilus granarius (L).; (=Calandra granaria (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), II benih/biji (seed/grain) Africa : Algeria, Morocco, South Africa, 53
=Calendra granaria =Curculio granarius) ; Coleoptera: Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley) Swaziland Curculionidae; maize weevil, granary weevil (S): Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, America : Argentina, Canada, Chile, groundnut, peanut), Avena sativa (oat, Mexico, USA oats), Cicer arietinum , Helianthus annuus Asia : Afghanistan, India, Iraq, Israel, (bunga matahari, sunflower), Oryza sativa Japan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, (padi, paddy), Panicum spp. , Pennisetum Thailand, Turkey, Yemen spp., Secale cereale (rye) , Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Triticale spp., Vicia Europe : Belgium, Denmark, France, faba (faba or broad bean), Zea mays Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, (jagung, corn, maize) Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, UK Oceania : Australia
183. Tagosodes cubanus (D.L.Crawford); (P): Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Glycine II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : Ivory Coast (=Chloriona cubana=Dicranotropis cubanus =Sogatella max (kedelai, soybean), Oryza sativa (padi, tanah (soil) America : Colombia, Cuba, Guyana, cubana =Sogatodes cubanus=Sogata cubana) ; paddy) Mexico, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Hemiptera: Delphacidae; paddy plant hopper (S): Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela mungbean), Cicer aeritinum , Lens esculenta (lentils)
184. Tagosodes orizocolus (Muir).; (=Chloriona orizicola (P): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) II batang (stem), daun (leaf) America : Belize, Brazil, Colombia, =Sogata orizicola =Tagosodes brazilensis =Sogatodes Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El brazilensis =S.orizicolus =S.oryzicola =S.orizicola Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, =S.orizicolus =Sogata brazilensis) ; Hemiptera: Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Delphacidae; rice delphacid, rice leafhopper Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela
185. Sophronica ventralis (Auriv).; Coleoptera: Scolitidae; (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Africa : wide spread berry borer benih/biji (seed/grain), America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, buah (fruit) Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana
186. Stenoma decora (Zeller); Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae; (P): Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) II daun (leaf), buah (fruit) America : Brazil shoot and pod borer (S): Ceiba pentandra (kapuk randu, kapok)
187. Toxotrypana curvicauda (Gerstaecker); (P): Carica papaya (papaya, pawpaw) II buah (fruit), media tanam America : Bahama, Belize, Colombia, (=Mikimyia furcifera =Toxotrypana fairbatesi) ; Diptera: (planting medium), tanah Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El Tephritidae, papaya fruit fly (soil) Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Antilles Netherlands, 54
Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Virgin Islands, Venezuela.
188. Trichispa sericea (Guerin-Meneville); Coleoptera: (P): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Africa : Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Chrysomelidae; rice hispids Cameroon, Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda Europe : Spain
189. Trogoderma granarium (Everts); (=Trogoderma (P): Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, II benih/biji (seed/grain), Europe : Cyprus, Spain, Switzerland. affrum=Trogoderma khapra) ; Coleoptera: groundnut, peanut), Gossypium hirsutum karung goni/alat Asia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Dermestidae; kumbang kaphra/ khapra beetle (kapas, cotton), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), pembungkus bekas Taiwan, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), komoditi (used gunny South Korea, Lebanon, Myanmar, Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) , Zea bags/used packing Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri mays (jagung, corn, maize) dan serealia material), makanan ternak Lanka, Syria, Turkey, Yemen. lainnya (animal feed). Africa : Algeria, Burkina Faso, Egypt, (S): Vigna unguiculata Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Zanzibar, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
190. Xyleborus ferrugineus Fab.; (=Xyleborus (P): Dioscorea spp. (gembili, yam), Euterpe II batang (stem) Asia: South Korea, Malaysia, Sri confusus=X.fuscatus) ; Coleoptera: Scolytidae; bark edulis , Persea americana (alpokat, Lanka. beetle avocado), Pinus elliottii , Pinus taeda Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana,
Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Guinea Ekuator, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Reunion, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leon, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Clombia,Costa 55
Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guyana France,Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana, Suriname,Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: American Samoa, Australia, Fiji, France Polynesian, Kiribati, Micronesia, Northern Mariana Island, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands
191. Zonocerus elegans (Thunb.); (=Acrydium (P): Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, II tanaman (plant), tanah Africa : Angola, Botswana, DR Congo, sanguinolentum =Gryllus elegans =Poekilocerus Solanaceae, Allium ascalonicum (bawang (soil) Congo, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, roseipennis) ; Orthoptera: Acrididae: Acridoidea: merah, shallot), Amaranthus hybridus Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Pyrgomorphidae; elegants grasshopper (bayam, spinach), Ananas comosus (nenas, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, pineapple), Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Colocasia esculenta (talas, taro), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Dioscorea sp. (gembili, yam), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Plumeria spp. , Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Chromolaenaodorata , Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco) (S): Persea americana (alpokat, avocado)
192. Zonocerus variegatus (L.); (P): Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Poaceae II tanaman (plant), tanah Africa : Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, (=Acrydium sanguinolentum=Gryllus (Locusta) Solanaceae, Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, (soil) Cameroon, Central Africa, Chad, DR shallot), Amaranthus hybridus (bayam, spinach), variegatus=G.laevis =G.opacus) ; Orthoptera: Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), Citrus spp.(jeruk, Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Acrididae: Pyrgomorphidae; variegated grass hopper orange), Colocasia esculenta (talas, taro), Daucus Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, carota (wortel, carrot), Dioscorea sp. (gembili, yam), Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Ipomoea Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, 56
batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Musa spp. (pisang, Sierra Leone, Togo banana), Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chilies, red pepper), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, cashew-nut), Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Chromolaena odorata , Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco) (S): Elaeis guineensis ( kelapa sawit, oilpalm), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Tectona grandis (jati, teakwood)
193. Zygogramma exclamationis (Fab.); (P): Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, II batang (stem), daun (leaf), America : Canada, USA (=Calligrapha exclamationis =Zygospila exclamationis sunflower) bunga (flower), benih/ biji =Chrysomela exclamationis) ; Coleoptera: (seed/ grain) Chrysomelidae; sunflower beetle Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, 194. Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell) (= Capitophorus (P): Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), II bibit tanaman (seedling), Italy, fragaefolii=Capitophorus fragariae =Chaetosiphon Fragaria chiloensis (Chilean strawberry), bagian tanaman (part of Portugal, Serbia and fragariae =Myzus fragaefolii = Myzus fragariae Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry), Fragaria plant) Montenegro,Spain, =Passerinia fragaefolii = Pentatrichopus fragaefolii vesca var. semperflorens (Perpetual Switzerland, United Kingdom =Pentatrichopus fragariae; Hemiptera: Aphididae; strawberry) Asia: Israel, Japan, Philippines strawberry aphid America: North America, Canada, USA, Bolivia Oceania; Australia, New Zealand 195. Caliothrips masculinus (Hood); Thysanoptera: (P): Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) II Bagian tanaman (part of America: Trinidad and Tobago Thripidae plant)
II. NEMATODA / NEMATODES
NO. NAMA LMIAH/ORDO/FAMILI/NAMA UMUM/ INANG/ GOL/ MEDIA PEMBAWA/ DAERAH SEBAR/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/TAXON/ COMMON NAME HOST GROUP PATHWAYS GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 57
1. Anguina tritici (Steinbuch) Chitwood; (=Anguillula tritici (P): Secale cereale (rye) , Triticum aestivum II tunas (bud), benih (seed), America; Canada =Anguillulina tritici =Rhabditis tritici =Tylenchus (gandum, wheat), tanah (soil) Asia: China, Iran, India, Syria, Iraq, scandens =T.tritici =Vibrio tritici); Anguinidae; wheat gall (S): Avena sativa (oat, oats ) , Hordeum Israel, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, South nematode, eelworm diseasee vulgare (barli, barley), Triticum turgidum Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey
Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Rumania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukranie, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
2. Anguina agrostis (Steinbuch) Filipjev; (P): Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris , Agrostis II tunas (bud), daun (leaf), Europe: Czech, Estonia, Finland, (=Anguillula agrostidis =A.agrostis =A.phalaridis capillaris , Bromus erectus , Festuca ovina , benih/biji (seed/grain), Germany, Ireland, Norway, Poland, =Anguillulina agrostis =A.phalaridis =Anguina funesta Lolium rigidum, Phleum pratense, Trisetum batang (stem), akar (root), Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukranie, =A.lolii =A.phalaridis =A.poophila =Tylenchus agrostidis flavescens, Agrostis canina, Agrostis exarata, bunga (flower), stolon, UK Dactylis glomerata, Festuca nigrescens, Phleum =T.agrostis =T.phalaridis =T.phlei =Vibrio agrostis tanah (soil) Asia: China, Kirzikistan boehmeri, Phleum phleoides, Poa alpina, Poa =Vibrio phalaridis); Anguinidae; rye grass nematode, annua, Poa pratensis America: Canada, USA bent grass nematode Oceania: New Zealand.
3. Aphasmatylenchus straturatus Germani; Hoplolaimidae; (P): Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, II akar (root), tanah (soil) Africa: Burkina Faso ground nut chlorosis nematode groundnut, peanut). (S): Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Vigna cylindrical (kacang tunggak, long bean), Voandzeia subterranea
4. Aphelenchoides arachidis Bos.; Aphelenchoididae; (P): Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, II tunas (bud), benih/biji Africa: Nigeria. groundnut testa nematode groundnut, peanut) (seed/grain), legumes, tanah (soil) (S): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Pennisetum 58
glaucum , Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize)
5. Aphelenchoides fragariae (Ritzema Bos) (Chriestie); (P): Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry), II benih/biji (seed/grain), America: Canada, Mexico, USA (=Aphelenchoides olesistus=A.olesistus var. longicollis Lilium spp., Anthurium andreanum , buah (fruit), bunga Europe: Belgium, Denmark, Germany, =A.pseudolesistus =Aphelenchus fragariae =A.olesistus Rhododendron spp. (azaleas), Barleria (flower), batang (stem), Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, =A.olesistus var. longicollis =A.pseudolesistus); cristata , Begonia spp., Chloranthus daun (leaf), umbi Moldovia, Portugal, Poland, Russia, Aphelenchoididae; bud and leaf nematode spicatus , Hibiscus rosa –sinensis (kembang (tuber/corm), planlet, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, Ukranie, sepatu, china-rose), Hosta spp., Hydrangea tanah (soil) UK macrophylla , Maranta leuconeura , Peony, Pimpinella diversifolia , Primula sp., Asia: China, India, Israel, South Korea, Psychotria nervosa , Rhododendron simsii , Kirgyztan, Japan, Turkey Ruscus hypophyllum , St.paulia ionantha , Saxifraga spp., Tolmiea menziesii , Veronica Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, arvensis , Viola odorata , Wulfenia Papua New Guinea, Hawaii carinthiaca (S): Cornus canadensis , Ficus carica (ara, fig) , Ficus macrophylla , Lamium maculatum , Prunus persica (persik, peach), Anigozanthos sp., Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Avena sativa (oat, oats ) , Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Asplenium nidus (bird’s-nest fern), Capsella bursa-pastoris , Chenopodium album , Cobotium chamissoi,Erigeron annuus , Ficus elastica , Western Sword- fern, Polygonum blumei , Pteris spp., Rorippa atrovirens , Senecio vulgaris , Solanum nigrum , Stellaria media
6. Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi (Schwartz) Steiner & (P): Chrysanthemum spp. (krisan, chrysant II benih/biji (seed/grain), America: Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Buhrer; (=Aphelenchoides ribes =Aphelenchus ), Dahlia, Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry) daun (leaf), batang (stem), Canada, USA, Venezuela. phyllophagus =A.ribes =A.ritzemabosi akar (root), bunga (flower), (S): Asplenium nidus , Bergenia spp. , Africa: South Africa, Mauritius =Pathoaphelenchus ritzemabosi =Pseudaphelenchoides umbi (tuber/corm), tanah Calceolaria spp. , Campanula ritzemabosi =Tylenchus ribes); Aphelenchoididae; (soil) Asia: China, India, Japan, Kazakhtans, spp. ,Campanula pyramidalis , Consolida bud and leaf nematode, Chrysant foliar eelworm, leaf South Korea, Uzbekistan ambigua , Crassula coccinea , Callistephus wilt nematode of Chrysant , Chrysant foliar nematode chinensis,Geranium spp., Helianthus Oceania: New Zealand, Fiji annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), 59
Hibiscus rosa –sinensis (kembang sepatu, Europe: Bulgaria, Germany, Russia , china-rose), Helleborus niger , Lavandula Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, angustifolia , Lotus corniculatus , Lupinus Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, spp. (lupine), Lycopersicum esculentum Switzerland, UK, Ukranie, Serbia, (tomat, tomato), Mimulus spp., Nicotiana Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Ocimum Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia basilicum ( kemangi, basil), Passiflora quadrangularis (markisah, passionfruit, granadilla), Peperomia sp. , Rheum hybridum , Rhododendron spp. (azalea), Ribes uva-crispa , Rudbeckia spp. Salvia splendens , Sinningia speciosa , St.paulia spp., St.paulia ionantha , Solanum nigrum , Verbena spp. , Viburnum spp. , Viola spp., Ribes nigrum , Limonium sinuatum , Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Zinnia elegans , Buddleia spp., Eleusine coracana , Ranunculus spp. , Sambucus spp. , Senecio spp., Sonchus spp. , Veronica spp. , Echium spp. , Rumex spp., Stellaria media
7. Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau; Belonolaimidae; sting (P): Gossypium hirsutum , Cucumis melo II tanah (soil), batu kerikil America: Bahama, Bermuda, Costa nematode (melon, melon), Glycine max (kedelai, (gravel) Rica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA. soybean), Cynodon dactylon (kacang gude, pigeon pea) , Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut, peanut), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Citrus sinensis (jeruk manis, navel orange), Fragaria spp., Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Brassica spp. (S): Poaceae, Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, lady’s finger), Acer spp. , Acer pseudo platanus , Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris , Allium cepa (bawang bombai, onion), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Chrysanthemum 60
spp., Citr ullus lanatus , Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chillies, red pepper), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Desmodium tortuosum , Digitaria decumbens, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eremochloa ophiuroides, Festuca arundinacea, Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower) , Hordeum vulgare (sorgum, sorghum) , Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato) , Lactuca sativa (sla, lettuce) , Liquidambar styraciflua, Lolium multiflorum, Lyco persicon esculentum (tomat, tomato) , Ocimum basilicum (kemangi, basil) , Paspalum notatum, Pennisetum glaucum, Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea) , Pinus palustris, Pinus taeda, Pittosporum tobira, Secale cereale (rye) , Sesbania exaltata, Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) , Sorghum Sudanense, Stenotaphrum secundatum, Trifolium spp. , Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) , turfgrasses, Ulmus parvifolia, Vaccinium corymbosum, Vigna unguiculata, Baccharis halimifolia, Casuarina equisetifolia, Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon) , Mentha spicata, Pennisetum purpureum, Pharbitis purpurea , Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea) , Rumex crispus, Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) , Schinus terebinthifolius, Vitis rotundifolia.
8. Bursaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb) Baujard; (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), II tunas (bud), kulit kayu America: Bahama, Barbados, Belize, (=Aphelenchoides cocophilus =Aphelenchus cocophilus Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm) (bark), planlet, batang Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, =Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus =Chitinoaphelenchus (stem), daun (leaf), akar Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, (S): Phoenix canariensis , Phoenix cocophilus); Aphelenchoididae; red ring disease (root), kayu (wood), tanah Guatemala, Guyana, Grenada, Haiti, dactylifera (kurma, dates-palm), Sabal (soil), Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, palmetto Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Vector: Rico, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Rhynchophorus Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, palmarum &Rhynchophoru 61
s cruentatus Venezuela.
9. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle; (P): Pinus spp. II kulit kayu (bark), kemasan America: Canada, Mexico, USA. (=Aphelenchoides xylophilus =Bursaphelenchus kayu (wood packing (S): Picea spp., Larix spp., Abies spp., Asia: China, Japan, Korea lignicolus); Parasitaphelenchidae; pine wood nematode, material), Monochamus Cedrus deodara , Cedrus atlantica , pine wilt nematode alternatus (vector), M. Europe: Portugal. Pseudotsuga menziesii , Chamaecyparis nitens (vector) nootkatensis
10. Cactodera cacti (Filipjev & Schuumans Stekhoven) Krall (P): Schlumbergera truncata , Epiphyllum II akar (root), batang (stem), Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czech, & Krall; (= Heterodera cacti ); Heteroderidae; cactus cyst spp., Epiphyllum ackermannii , Echinopsis tanah (soil) Denmark, Hungary, France, Germany, nematode, cactus cyst eelworm, cactus root eelworm spp., Erysimum allionii,Ferocactus spp., Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Opuntia microdasys, Opuntiastricta , Rumania, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania,
Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia , Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia
Asia: India, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Uzbekistan, Vietnam Africa: Algeria America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, USA, Oceania: Australia.
11. Ditylenchus africanus Wendt et. al. ; Anguinidae; (P) : Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, II benih ( seed ) Africa : Mozambieque, South Africa peanut pod nematode, groundnut pod nematode groundnut) (S) : Chenopodium album (fat hen), Datura stramonium (jimsonweed), Eleusine indica (goose grass), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium hirsutum (Bourbon cotton), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Lupinus albus (white lupine), Medicago sativa (lucerne), 62
Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Pisum sativum (pea), Solanum tuberosum (ketang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Tagetes minuta (stinking Roger), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur), Zea mays (jagung, maize)
12. Ditylenchus destructor Thorne; Anguinidae; potato rot (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), II umbi (tuber/corm), Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarusia, nematode, potato tuber nematode, potato eelworm Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), rhizome, batang (stem), Belgium, Netherlands, Bulgaria, Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry), Beta planlet, tanah (soil) Czech, Estonia, Finland, France,
vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Daucus carota Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, (wortel, carrot), Allium ascalonicum Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, (bawang merah, shallot), Allium sativum Moldova, Norway, Poland, Rumania, (bawang putih, garlic), Arachys hypogaea Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, (kacang tanah, groundnut, peanut), Switzerland, Ukranie, UK Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Asia: Azerbaijan, China, India, Iran, Chrysanthemum spp. (krisan, chrysant), Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Citrus sinensis (jeruk manis, navel orange), Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Arabia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu parang, Africa: South Africa pumpkin), Dahlia hybrids, Gladiolus hybrids, Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Humulus America: Canada, Ecuador, Haiti, lupulus (hops), Irish spp., Lycopersicum Mexico, Peru, USA esculentum (tomat, tomato), Mentha spp. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand (mentol, mint), Panax schinseng (ginseng), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine), Trifolium spp., Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Tulipa spp., Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize)
13. Ditylenchus dipsaci (Khun.) Filipjev; Anguinidae; Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, II umbi (bulb) dan tanah Europe : Europe (as a whole), Albania, nematoda umbi/brown ring disease of hyacinth shallot), Allium sativum (bawang putih, (soil) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and garlic), Allium cepa (bawang bombai, Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,
onion), Allium fistulosum (bawang daun, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Czech welch onion) dan Orchidaceae (anggrek, Republic and Slovakia , Denmark, orchids), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, 63
Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Ipomoea Italy , Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), tanaman Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Abrosia spp., Chrysanthemun spp., Circium Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia spp., Iris spp., Avena spp., (Central Russia, Russian Far East, Helianthusannuus (bunga matahari, Siberia, Southern Russia, Western sunflower), Erigeron spp., Lactucasativa Siberia), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain , (sla, lettuce)., Secale cereale (rye)., Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Agropiron spp., Lepidium spp., Tagetes (England and Wales, Scotland), spp., Trifolium spp., Delpinium spp., Tulipa Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and spp., Plantago spp., Hyacinthes spp., Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia. Asia : Armenia, Azerbaijan, China , Georgia (Republic), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan, Oman, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Yemen. Africa : Algeria, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, Réunion, South Africa, Tunisia. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Minas Gerais, Paraiba, Panama, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Haiti, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, USA (Hawaii), Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania : Australia, New Zealand.
14. Globodera tabacum (Lownsbery & Lownsbery) (P): Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, II akar (root), tanah (soil) Europe: France, Greece, Italy, Rusia, Skarbilovich; (=Globodera tabacum =Heterodera tobacco), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and tabacum); Heteroderidae; tobaco cyst nematode tomato) Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia (S): Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Asia: China, South Korea, Pakistan Solanum nigrum , Solanum gilo , Solanum Africa: Madagascar, Moroko indicum, Solanum mauritianum, Solanum quitoense , Solanum tuberosum (kentang, America: Argentina, Colombia, potato) Meksico, USA.
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15. Hemicycliophora arenaria Raski; Criconematidae; (P): Citrus limonia (mandarin lime), Citrus II akar (root), tanah (soil) America: Argentina, Brazil, USA. sheath nematode aurantiifolia (jeruk nipis, lime), Citrus reticulate (jeruk mandarin, mandarin) ,Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu parang, pumpkin) (S): Apium graveolens (selederi, celery) Citrus limettioides (palestine sweet lime), Citrus macrophylla , Citrus taiwanica , Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chilies, red pepper), Libocedrus Chilensis , Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Vigna cylindrical (kacang tunggak, long bean), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
16. Heterodera avenae Wollenweber; (=Bidera avenae = (P): Avena sativa (oat, oats), Hordeum II akar (root), umbi (tuber/ Europe: Belgium, Bosnia and B.ustinovi =Heterodera major =H. schachtii maior vulgare (barli, barley), Secale cereale (rye), corm),(externally), tanah Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech, =H.schachtii var. avenae =Heterodera ustinovi); Triticale spp. Triticum aestivum (gandum, (soil). Denmark, Estonia, Serbia, Slovenia, Heteroderidae; oat cyst nematode, cereal cyst wheat) Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, nematode, cereal cyst eelworm, oat root eelworm Montenegro, Macedonia, France, (S): Poaceae, Zea mays (jagung, corn, Germany, Greece,Ireland, Italy, Latvia, maize) Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukranie, UK Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakstan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey Africa: Algeria, Libia, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia America: Canada, Peru, USA Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
17. Heterodera carotae Jones; Heteroderidae; carrot cyst (P): Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Olea II umbi (tuber/corm), tanah America: USA nematode, carrot cyst eelworm, carrot root eelworm europea sub.sp europea (zaitum, olive) (soil) Europe: France, Portugal, Switzerland
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18. Heterodera cruciferae Franklin; Heteroderidae; crucifer (P): Cruciferae II akar (root), tanah (soil) Europe: UK, Switzerland cyst nematode Asia: Pakistan.
19. Heterodera goettingiana Liebscher; Heteroderidae; pea (P): Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Vicia II umbi (tuber/corm), akar Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Belarus, cyst nematode, pea cyst eelworm, pea root eelworm faba (root), tanah (soil) Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, (S): Cicer arietinum , Glycine max (kedelai, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, soybean), Lens esculentum (lentil), Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Lathyrus odoratus , Lathyrus sativus, Russia , France, Germany, Italy, Lupinus albus, Lupinus luteus, Medicago Malta, Poland, Portugal, Spain, UK sativa (alfalfa, lucerne) ,Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Vicia spp. Asia: China, Israel, Jordan Africa: Algeria America: USA.
20. Heterodera oryzicola Rao & Jayaprakash; (P): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Cynodon II akar (root), tanah (soil) Asia: India. Heteroderidae; rice cyst nematoda dactylon (S): Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain)
21. Heterodera sacchari Luc.& Merny.; Heteroderidae; (P): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Zea mays II akar (root), tanah (soil) Asia: India, Pakistan, Thailand sugarcane cyst nematode (jagung, corn, maize), Saccharum Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Nicotiana Congo, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, tabacum (tembakau, tobacco) Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal.
22. Heterodera schachtii Schmidt; (P): Beta spp., Brassica napus var. II akar (root), umbi (tuber/ Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, (=Heterobolbus schachtii =Heterodera schachtii napus,Brassica oleracea, Alliaria petiolata, corm), tanah (soil) Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, minor=Tylenchus schachtii); Heteroderidae; sugar beet, Amaranthus spp., Apium dulce, Arabis Estonia, Hungary, Finland, Serbia, cyst nematode, beet cyst eelworm spp., Armoracia rusticana, Atriplex spp., Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Aubrieta spp., Aubrieta columnae, Alyssum Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia,
argentium, Brassica spp., Dianthus spp., France, Germany, Greece, Polygonum convolvulus , Gypsophila Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, acutifolia, Gypsophila elegans , Oryza sativa Rumania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, (padi, paddy), Thlaspi arvense, Phytolacca Switzerland, Ukranie, UK acinosa , Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Asia: Azerbaijan, China, India, Iran, Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakstan, South Polygonum spp., Portulaca oleracea , Korea, Kirzikistan, Pakistan, Syria, Raphanus maritimus, Raphanus 66
raphanistrum, Raphanus sativus (lobak, Turkey radish) , Rheum hybridum, Rorippa Africa: Algeria, Cape Verde, Gambia, amphibia, Rorippa islandica, Rumex spp., Libia, Morocco, Senegal, South Africa, Saponaria ocymoides, Saponaria officinalis, Tunisia, Sesbania macrocarpa, Sesbania exaltata, Silene armeria, Silene maritima, Silene America: Chile, Canada, Mexico, Peru, nutans, Silene quadrifida, Silene saxifraga, USA, Uruguay Sinapis arvensis, Sinapis eruca, Sisymbrium austriacum, Sisymbrium spp., Oceania: Australia, New Zealand Solanum sarrachoides, Spinacia glabra, Spinacia oleracea, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Tropaeolum perigrinum, Vaccaria hispanica, Vicia benghalensis, Vigna catjang .
23. Heterodera trifolii Goffart; Heteroderidae; clover cyst (P): Poaceae, Beta vulgaris var. II akar (root), tanah (soil) Asia: India, Iran nematode, clover cyst eelworm saccharifera (bit gula, sugar Oceania: Australia. beetroot) ,Dianthus caryophyllus (anyelir, carnation), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trifolium spp., Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Leguminosae
24. Heterodera vigni Edward & Mura; (=Heterodera cajani); (P): Vigna sinensis (kacang panjang, II akar (root), tanah (soil) Asia: India, Pakistan Heteroderidae; pea cyst nematode cowpea), Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, Africa: Egypt. pigeon pea), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Lablab purpureus, Vigna aconitifolia,Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean), Vigna mungo , Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Sesamum indicum (wijen, sesame), Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean) (S): Crotalaria juncea, Sesbania cannabina
25. Heterodera zeae Koshy,Swarup & Sethi; Heteroderidae; (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) II akar (root), tanah (soil) America: USA corn/maize cyst nematode (S): Avena sativa (oat, oats), Hordeum Asia: India, Pakistan, Nepal, Thailand vulgare (barli, barley), Oryza sativa (padi, Africa : Egypt. paddy), Setaria italyca , Sorghum Sudanense , Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Triticum aestivum (gandum,
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wheat), Zea mexican a
26. Hirschmanniella spinicaudata (Schuurmans (P): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Saccharum II umbi (tuber/corm), planlet, Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Steekhoven) Luc & Goodey; (=Hirschmannia officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) akar (root), tanah (soil) Cameroon, Congo, Ivory Coast, spinicaudata =Radopholus lavabri =Tylenchorhynchus Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, (S): Fimbristylis dichotoma spinicaudatus); Pratylenchidae; rice root tip nematode, Togo, Zambia root lesion nematode America: Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, USA, Venezuela
27. Hirschmanniella miticausa Bridge Mortimer & Jackson; (P): Colocasia esculenta (talas, taro) II umbi (tuber/corm), tanah Oceania: Papua New Guinea, Pratylenchidae; miti miti disease (soil) Solomon Islands Islands.
28. Hoplolaimus columbus Sher.; Hoplolaimidae; (P): Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), II akar (root), tanah (soil). Asia: India, Pakistan Coltuber/Columbia lance nematode Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Africa: Egypt Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), America: USA. Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize)
29. Hoplolaimus indicus Sher.; (=Basirolaimus arachidis (P): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) II akar (root), tanah (soil). Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Iran. =Basirolaimus indicus =Hoplolaimus arachidis); (S): Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s Hoplolaimidae; lance nematode finger), Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut, peanut), Basella spp., Brassica oleracea botrytis ( bunga kol, cauliflower), Brassica oleracea capitata (kubis, cabbage), Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Chrysanthemum spp. (krisan, chrysant ), Citrus jambhiri , Cyamopsis tetragonoloba,Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Capsicum annuum (cabai rawit, hot pepper, chilies, red pepper), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Eleusine coracana , Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, Sweet potato), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Pennisetum glaucum , Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean), Vigna mungo , 68
Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Poncirus trifoliata , Prunus persica (persik, peach), Psidium spp., Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant, aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Trifolium alexandrinum , Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Senna siamea, Pinus roxburghii , Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) 30. Hoplolaimus pararobustus (Schuurmans stekhoven & (P): Musa spp. (pisang, banana) II akar (root), tanah (soil). Asia: China, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Teunissen) Sher. In Coomans; (=Gottholdsteineria (S): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Camellia Africa: Angola, Burkina Faso, pararobusta =Hoplolaimus angustulatus =H.capensis sinensis (teh, tea), Psidium guajava (jambu Cameroon, Congo, Egypt, Gambia, =H.casparus =H. kittenbergeri =H.pararobustus biji, guava), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, =Rotylenchus pararobustus =Tylenchorhynchus sugarcane), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, pararobustus); Hoplolaimidae; lance nematode sawit, oilpalm), Gossypium hirsutum , Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Sao Tome & Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Carica Principe, South Africa, Tanzania, papaya (pepaya, pawpaw), Oryza sativa Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe (padi, paddy), Dioscorea spp., Ananas America: Dominica, Grenada, St. comosus (nenas, pineapple), Triticum Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines. aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Citrus , Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) , Eleusine coracana , kakao, Rosa spp. (mawar, rose)
31. Longidorus elongatus (de Man) Thorne & Swanger; (P): Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Daucus II akar (root), tanah (soil). Europe: Belgium, Netherlands, (=Dorylaimus elongatus =Dorylaimus tenuis carota (wortel, carrot), Fragaria vesca (Vector: raspberry ringspot Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, =Longidorus menthasolanus =Longidorus monohystera (arbei, strawberry), Lolium perenne, Mentha virus, Lycopersicum Finland, France, Germany, Greece, =Trichodorus elongatus) ; Longidoridae; piperita esculentum (tomat, tomato Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, needle nematode, tomato black ring eelworm black ring virus) Moldova, Norway, Poland, Portugal, (S): Allium spp., seladeri, Avena sativa Rumania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, (oat, oats ) , Brassica oleracea var. Sweden, Switzerland, Ukranie, UK gemmifera , Brassica oleracea capitata kubis, cabbage), Ficus carica , Hordeum Asia: Georgia, India, Kazakhtan, vulgare (barli, barley), Lycopersicum Pakistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, esculentum (tomat, tomato), Medicago Vietnam sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Raphanus sativus Africa: South Africa (lobak, radish), Ribes nigrum , Ribes rubrum, Trifolium pratense, Urtica dioica, America: Canada, USA 69
Vitis vinifera , Arachys hypogaea (kacang Oceania: New Zealand. tanah, groundnut, peanut), Brassica rapa subspec. rapa (turnip, turnip), Polygonum convolvulus , Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Pyrus communis ( pir , pear ), Ranunculus acris , Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Rubus idaeus
32. Longidorus leptocephallus Hooper; Longidoridae; (P): cerealia, Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), II akar (root), tanah (soil). Europe needle nematode Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) (Vector: raspberry ringspot virus, Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry leaf roll virus)
33. Longidorus attenuatus Hooper; Longidoridae; (P): Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), II akar (root), tanah (soil). Europe: Europe, Russia needle nematode Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry), Beta (Vector: Lycopersicum vulgaris var saccharifera (bit gula, sugar esculentum (tomat, tomato beetroot) black ring virus)
34. Longidorus caespiticola Hooper; Longidoridae; needle (P): Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry), II akar (root), tanah (soil). Europe: Western Europe nematode Rosa spp. ( mawar, rose) (Vector: raspberry ringspot virus, Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry leaf roll virus)
35. Longidorus macrosoma Hooper; Longidoridae; needle (P): Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Fragaria II akar (root), tanah (soil). Europe nematode vesca (arbei, strawberry), Vitis vinifera (Vector: rasberry ringspot (anggur, grapevine) virus)
36. Meloidogyne acronea Coetzee; (=Hypsoperine (P): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton) II akar (root), tanah (soil) Africa: Malawi, South Africa. (Hypsoperine) acronea =Hypsoperine acronea); (S): Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, Meloidogynidae; African cotton root nematode groundnut, peanut), Cajanus cajan kacang gude, pigeon pea), Cassia spp., Chloris gayana, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Croton tiglium, Eleusine coracana , Eragrostis spp., Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hibiscus sabdariffa , Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Pennisetum glaucum , Vigna spp. (buncis,
70
cowpea), Solan um tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum)
37. Meloidogyne brevicauda Loos; Meloidogynidae; Indian (P): Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Crocus II akar (root), tanah (soil) Asia: Azerbaijan, India, Srilanka. rootknot nematode, tea rootknot nematode sativus
38. Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden O’ Bannon, Santo & (P): Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), II akar (root), umbi Europe: Belgium, Germany, Finley; Meloidogynidae; Coltuber/corma root-knot Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), (tuber/corm), tanah (soil) Netherland nematode Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucene), Solanum Africa: South Africa tuberosum (kentang, potato) America: Argentina, Canada, Mexico, (S): Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Pisum USA. sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Scorzonera hispanica , Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize)
39. Meloidogyne coffeicola Lordello & Zamith; (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) II akar (root), tanah (soil) America: Brazil Meloidogynidae; rootknot nematode
40. Meloidogyne decalineata Whitehead; Meloidogynidae; (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) II akar (root), tanah (soil) Africa: Tanzania African coffee rootknot nematode America: Sao Tome & Principe.
41. Meloidogyne exigua Goeldi; (=Heterodera exigua); (P): Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, II akar (root), tanah (soil) America: Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Meloidogynidae; coffee rootknot nematode, Brazilian shallot), Bidens pilosa , Citrus aurantium Colombia, El Salvador, Dominica, pyroid coffee nematode, root-knot nematode (jeruk nipis, lime), Citrullus vulgaris Guatemala, Guadeloupe, Guyana, (semangka, watermelon), Capsicum Honduras, Martini, Nicaragua, Puerto annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Cucumis Rico, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad, sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Venezuela. Cyphomandra betacea , Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Pilea spp., Poncirus trifoliata , Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum nigrum , Stachys arvensis , Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Ipomoea acuminata .
42. Meloidogyne naasi Franklinl; Meloidogynidae; rootknot (P): Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), II akar (root), tanah (soil) Europe: France, Hungary, UK. nematode Trifolium repens , Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Beta vulgaris var. 71
sacchraifera (bit gula, sugar beetroot), cerealea, Glycine max (kedelai, soybean) (S): turfgrasses
43. Meloidogyne oteifae Elm iligy; Meloidogynidae; rootknot (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Peuraria II akar (root), tanah (soil) Africa: Angola, DR Congo nematode spp.
44. Nacobbus aberrans (Thome) Thorne & Allen; (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), II umbi (tuber/corm), akar Europe: Finland, Italy, (=Nacobbus batatiformis =N.serendipiticus bolivianus Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), (root), tanah (soil) Netherlands,Russia, UK =Pratylenchus aberrans =Nacobbus serendipiticus Beta vulgaris var. sacchraifera (bit gula, Asia: India. =Anguillulina aberrans); Pratylenchidae; false rootknot sugar beetroot), Brassica spp., Amaranthus nematode, potato rosery nematode hybridus (bayam, spinach), Atriplex America: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, confertifolia , Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, USA Chenopodium album , Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita maxima , Cucurbita pepo (labu kuning, zucchini), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Gaillardia spp. , Kochia spp., Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Opuntia spp., Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Sisymbrium irio , Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Spergula arvensis , Spinacia oleracea , Tribulus terrestris , Tragopogon porrifolius, Solanum nigrum, Ullucus tuberosus
45. Pratylenchus goodeyi Sher & Allen; (P): Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Musa II akar (root), tanah (soil) Europe: Greece, Portugal, Spain (=Anguillulina musicola =Tylenchus musicola); paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain) Africa: Burundi, Cameroon, Egypt, Pratylenchidae; banana lesion nematode (S): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Vigna Ethiopia, Kenya, Ruwanda, Tanzania, spp. (buncis, cowpea), Commelina Uganda. benghalensis , Sesbania grandiflora (turi, agati), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum)
46. Pratylenchus loosi Loof; Pratylenchidae; lesion (P): Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Coffea II akar (root), tanah (soil) Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Japan, nematode, meadow nematode, Loos' root lesion spp. (kopi, coffee) Sri Lanka nematode (S): Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s Africa: Senegal. 72
finger), Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Cinnamomum camphora , Convallaria spp., Dioscorea spp., Diospyros kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry), Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Poncirus trifoliata , Prunus avium,Pyrus communis (pir , pear ), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize)
47. Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch)Fili&Schuur.Steekh.; (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), II akar (root), tanah (soil) Europe: Croatia, Estonia, Rusia, Spain Pratylenchidae; California root lesion nematode, Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Agropyron Asia: Pakistan California meadow nematode cristatum , Brassica oleracea capitata (kubis, cabbage), Fragariavesca(arbei, Africa: Morocco, South Africa strawberry) , Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), America: Canada, Mexico, USA Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) Oceania: Australia,
48. Pratylenchus scribneri Steiner; Pratylenchidae; (P): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), II akar (root), tanah (soil) Europe: Italy lesion nematode Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Mentha Asia: Pakistan spicata , Parthenium argentatum,Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum Africa: Cameroon, South Africa halepense , Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry), America: USA. Hippeastrum spp. (amarilis, amaryllis).
49. Pratylenchus thornei Sher. & Allen; Pratylenchidae; (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), II akar (root), tanah (soil) Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Thorne's root lesion nematode Cicer arietinum , Zea mays (jagung, corn, Netherlands, Croatia, Cyprus, maize), Pinus merkusii (tusam, pinetree), Denmark, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Quercus spp. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Germany, Greece, Italy, (S): Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Fabaceae, Portugal, Russia, Spain, UK Agrostis spp., Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), Apium graveolens Asia: Afghanistan, India, Iran, Israel, (seladeri, celery), Arachys hypogaea Japan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, 73
(kacang tanah, groundnut, peanut), Avena Turkey sativa (oat, oats), Beta vulgaris (bit, Africa: Egypt, Libia, Malawi, Morocco beetroot), Citrullus vulgaris (semangka, watermelon), Cupressus spp., Cynara America: Argentina, Mexico, USA scolymus (artisyok, artichoke), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Fragaria vesca Oceania: Australia. (arbei, strawberry), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Iberis spp., Juglans regia (walnut), Lens esculenta (lentil), Lathyrus odoratus , Medicago sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Mentha piperita , Mentha spicata , Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Prunus spp., Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Trifolium spp., Vicia faba , Vigna cylindrica (kacang tunggak, long bean), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
50. Pratylenchus vulnus (Allen & Jensen); Pratylenchidae; (P): Actinidia arguta (tara vine), Actinidia II Akar (root), bibit tanaman Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, walnut root lesion nematode; root lesion nematode; deliciosa (kiwi, kiwifruit ), Araucaria (seedling) Finland, France, Germany, Greece, meadow nematode araucana (monkey puzzle), Berberis Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, thunbergii (Japanese barberry), Brassica Russia, Spain, UK oleracea var. capitata (cabbage), Buxus Asia: China,India, Iran, Israel, sempervirens (common boxwood), Carya Japan,Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, illinoinensis (pecan), Citrus aurantium (sour Sri Lanka orange), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit), Corylus Africa: Cameroon, Egypt, Kenya avellana (hazel), Crotalaria juncea (sunn hemp), Crotalaria spectabilis (Showy America: Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, rattlepod), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Canada, USA, Uruguay Cytisus scoparius (broom), Daucus carota Oceania: Australia, New Zealand (wortel, carrot), Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), Ficus carica (ara), Forsythia intermedia (Golden bells), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, Bourbon cotton), Hamamelis (witchhazel), Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam), Juglans hindsii (californian black walnut), 74
Juglans major (arizona walnut), Juglans microcarpa (River walnut tree), Juglans nigra (black walnut), Juglans regia (walnut), Juniperus chinensis (Chinese juniper), Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea), Ligustrum ovalifolium (california privet), Lilium longiflorum (Easter lily), Lilium speciosum (Showy lily), Lotus corniculatus (bird's-foot trefoil), Mahonia (holly grape), Malus sylvestris (crab-apple tree), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Melilotus alba (honey clover), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Olea europaea subsp. europaea (olive), Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy), Persea americana (avocado), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Pistacia vera (pistachio), Pisum sativum (pea), Prunus amygdalus , Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus besseyi (bessey cherry), Prunus cerasifera (myrobalan plum), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus persica (peach), Pterocarya stenoptera (chinese wing nut), Pyrus communis (European pear), Rosa (roses), Rosa canina (Dog rose), Rosa chinensis (China rose), Rosa multiflora (Multiflora rose), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Taxus baccata (English yew), Vicia benghalensis (purple vetch), Vicia faba (broad bean), Vigna catjang , Vitis rupestris (sand-grape), Vitis vinifera (grapevine), Zea mays (maize), Bambusa sp. (Bamboo, Bambu)
51. Punctodera punctata (Thorne) Mulvey & Stone; (P): Agrostis stolonifera var . palustris , II akar (root), tanah (soil) Europe: Austria, Belgium, Chech, (= Heterodera punctata ); Heteroderidae; Agrostis stolonifera , Agrostis capillaris , Denmark, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, grass cyst nematode, grass cyst eelworm Festuca rubra, Lolium perenne, Poa annua, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Poa pratensis Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, 75
(S): Avena sativa (oat, oats), Hordeum Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, vulgare (barli, barley), Triticum aestivum Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, (gandum, wheat) Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukranie, UK
Asia: Israel, Japan Africa: Morocco America: Argentina, Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA.
52. Radopholus similis citrophilus (Huettel, Dickson & Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange) II benih (seeds of) dan America : USA . Kaplan); Pratylenchidae; burrowing nematode tanah (soil)
53. Scutellonema bradys (Steiner & Le Hew) Andrassy; (P): Dioscorea spp., Vigna cylindrica II umbi (tuber/corm), akar Asia: India, South Korea, Pakistan (=Anguillulina bradys =Hoplolaimus bradys (kacang tunggak, long bean), Zea mays (root), tanah (soil). Africa: Cameroon, Ivory Coast, =Rotylenchus blaberus =R.bradys =Scutellonema (jagung, corn, maize), Manihot esculenta Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, blaberum =S.dioscorea); Hoplolaimidae; (ubi kayu, cassava), Quercus spp. Senegal, Togo yam dry rot nematode, yam nematode (S): Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s finger), Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, America: Barbados, Brazil, Cuba, pigeon pea), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, coconut), Celosia argentea , Corchorus Haiti, Jamaica, Martini, Puerto Rico, olitorius , Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf), Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela Hibiscus sabdariffa , Luffa acutangula (gambas, angled loofa), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) , Pachyrhizus erosus (bangkuang, yam-bean), Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean), Pueraria phaseoloides , Sesamum indicum (wijen, sesame), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Urena lobata , Synedrella nodiflora
54. Trichodorus similis Seinhorst; Trichodoridae; stubby (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), II akar (root), tanah (soil). Europe: Belgium, Netherlands, France, root nematode sorgum, Beta vulgaris var. sa ccharifera (bit (Vector : tobacco rattle Germany, Italy, Norway, Poland, gula, sugar beetroot) virus) Sweden, UK America: USA.
55. Trichodorus viruliferus Hooper; Trichodoridae; stubby (P): Beta vulgaris var. sa ccharifera (bit II akar (root), tanah (soil). Europe: Bulgaria, France, Germany, gula, sugar beetroot), Vitis vinifera (anggur, (Vector : pea early Italy,Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, 76
root nematode grapevine), Triticum aestivum (gandum, browning virus, tobacco Spain, UK wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) rattle virus)
56. Tylenchorhynchus claytoni Steiner; Dolichodoridae; (P) : Arachniodes adiantiformis (Leatherleaf II Akar (Root) dan organ Europe : Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, stunt nematode; tobacco stunt nematode fern), Avena sativa (oats), Azaleas , Glycine vegetatif Denmark, Germany, Netherlands,UK. max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium sp. Asia : China, Japan, India (Arunachal (kapas, cotton), Lolium (ryegrasses), Pradesh, Tamil Nadu), Korea Medicago sativa (lucerne), Nandina , Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Africa : South Africa Olea europaea subsp. europaea (olive), Oryza sativa (padi, rice), Peony , Photinia America : Honduras, Canada, USA glabra , Pinus resinosa (red pine), Pisum Oceania : Australia sativum (pea), Poaceae (grasses), Prunus persica (peach), Rhododendron (Azalea), Rhododendron indicum (Satsuki azalea), Rhododendron japonicum (Japanese azalea), Rhododendron obtusum (Kirishima azalea), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Secale cereale (rye), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trifolium spp., Zea mays (jagung, maize) (S) : Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut), Aucuba japonica (Japanese aucuba), Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citrus limon (lemon, lemon), Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit), Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Litchi chinensis (lichi), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat,tomato), Picea abies (common spruce), Pinus echinata (shortleaf pine), Pinus elliottii (slash pine), Pinus palustris (longleaf pine), Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Rubus fruticosus (blackberry), Solanum melongena (terong, aubergine), Vaccinium myrtillus (blueberry), Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris (bent grass), Arctium lappa (burdock), Bouteloua curtipendula (Side-oats grama), Bouteloua
77
gracilis (blue grama), Camellia japoni ca (camellia), Chamaecyparis pisifera (sawara false cypress), Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), Echinochloa colona (junglerice), Enkianthus perulatus (white enkianthus), Erica (heaths), Festuca (fescues), Festuca arundinacea (reed fescue), Osmanthus fragrans , Pieris japonica (Lily-of-the-valley shrub), Poa pratensis (smooth-stalked meadowgrass)
57. Xiphinema index Thorne & Allen; (P): Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Ficus II akar (root), tanah (soil). Europe: Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, (=Diversiphinema index); Xiphinematidae; carica (ara, fig) , Muscadinia rotundifolia, (Vector: : fanleaf virus Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Serbia, dagger nematode, fanleaf virus nematode Vitis spp. pada Vitis vinifera Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and (anggur, grapevine) Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, (S): Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Ampelopsis France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, aconitifolia , Anacardium occidentale (jambu Italy, Malta, Moldova, Poland, mete, cashew-nut), Citrus aurantium (jeruk Portugal, Rumania, Russia, Slovakia, nipis, ime), Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukranie quince), Juglans regia (walnut), Jasminum officinale , Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, tomato), Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Pakistan, Morus alba , Olea europea subsp. europea Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, (zaitum, olive), Opuntia sp., Parthenicissus Uzbekistan tricuspidata , Petunia hybrida , Vigna spp. Africa: Algeria, South Africa, Tunisia (buncis, cowpea), Pistacia mutica , Pistacia vera , Prunus americana (aprikot, apricot), America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus spp., Peru, USA Pyrus communis ( pir , pear ), Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Solanum tuberosum Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. (kentang, potato)
58. Xiphinema diversicaudatum (Micoletzky) Thorne; (P): Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Fragaria II akar (root), tanah (soil). Europe: Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, (=Dorylaimus (Longidorus) diversicaudatus vesca (arbei, strawberry), Prunus spp., (Vector: arabic mosaic Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Denmark, =D.elongatus =Longidorus diversicaudatus =Xiphinema Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Rubus fruticosa , virus, Fragaria vesca Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and (Diversiphinema) diversicaudatum =X.amarantum Rubus idaeus , Vitis vinifera (anggur, (arbei, strawberry latent Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, =X.basiri =X.israeliae =X. paraelongatum =X.sahelense grapevine) ringspot virus) France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, =X.seredouense) ; Xiphinematidae; dagger nematode Italy, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukranie, UK
78
Asia: Ind ia, Israel Africa: Algeria, South Africa America: USA, New Zealand.
59. Xiphinema americanum Cobb.; (=Tylencholaimus (P): Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Coffea spp. II akar (root), tanah (soil). Europe: Hungary, Poland, Russia, americanus =Xiphinema taylori =Xiphinema (kopi, coffee), Malus domesticum ( apel , (Vector: tobacco ring spot Spain, UK californicum) ; Xiphinematidae; apple ), Rubus idaeus , Vaccinium spp., Vitis virus, Lycopersicum Asia: China, India, Japan, Kazakhtan, American dagger nematode, tobacco ring spot vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zea mays esculentum (tomat, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, nematode (jagung, corn, maize), Lycopersicum tomato) ring spot virus, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, esculentum (tomat, tomato), Avena sativa Prunus persica (persik, Turkey, Uzbekistan (oat, oats), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, peach yellow bud virus, coconut), Citrus sinensis (jeruk manis, Prunus cerrasus (ceri, Africa: Nigeria navel orange), Ficus carica (ara), Fragaria cherry rasp leaf virus) vesca (arbei, strawberry), Glycine max America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, (kedelai, soybean), Gossypium barbadens Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, (kapas, cotton), Juglans regia (walnut), Panama, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Dimocarpus litchii (leci, lychee), Linum Venezuella usitatissimum , Mangifera indica (mangga, Oceania: Australia. mango), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Prunus spp., Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Rubus spp., Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Vaccinium spp., Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) (S): Mentha spp . Pinus spp., Achras (= Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Onobrychis viciifolia , Petunia hybrida , Picea spp., Plantago spp., Poncirus trifoliata , Potentilla spp., Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Shorea robusta , Tectona grandis (jati, teakwood), Trifolium spp., Zoysia japonica, Agropyron spp., Bambucaceae, Codiaeum variegatum, Callicarpa americana, Nerium oleander
60. Xiphinema italie Meyl.; Xiphinematidae; (P): Citrus spp., Vitis vinifera (anggur, II akar (root), tanah (soil). Europe: Greece, Italy, Spain dagger nematode grapevine), Olea europea subsp . europea (Vector: : grapevine Africa: Cameroon, Egypt, Libia, 79
(zaitum, olive) fanleaf virus) Nigeria, South Africa, Tunisia.
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III. CENDAWAN / FUNGAL
NO. NAMA ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLAS/ NAMA UMUM/ INANG/ GOL/ MEDIA PEMBAWA/ DAERAH SEBAR/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/CLASS/COMMON NAME HOST GROUP PATHWAY GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1. Acremonium strictum (W.Gams); (= Acremonium stricta = (S): Avena sativa (gandum, oats), Glycine II benih (seed), bagian Europe : Czech Republic and Slovakia, Cephalosporium acremonium = Tilachlidium medietatis); soja , Sorghum bicolor , (sorghum), Zea tanaman (part of Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Anamorphic fungi;acremonium wilt, black bundle disease mays (jagung, maize) plant) Spain. of maize, kernel rot of maize Asia : China, India, Iran, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey. Africa : Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa. America : USA. Oceania : Australia
2. Aecidium cantense Arthur; Urediniomycetes; Aecidium (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), I tanaman (plant), America: Peru potato rust, deforming potato rust, deforming rust, Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), umbi (tuber) Peruvian rust Ullucus tuberosus
3. Alternaria citri Ellis & N. Pierce; stalk end rot, stem end rot, Citrus , Citrus jambhiri (rough lemon), Citrus I Buah (fruits), polong Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, navel end rot, core rot of citrus, black rot of citrus fruit, junos (yuzu), Citrus limon (lemon), Citrus (pods) dan daun Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Russia, brown spot of citrus, black rot of Citrus spp., fruit rot of medica (citron), Citrus reticulata (mandarin), (leaves). Spain Citrus spp., core rot of Citrus spp. Citrus sinensis (navel orange) Asia: Bhutan, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam
Africa: Egypt, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, South 81
Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America : Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, North America, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay Oceania : Australia, New Zealand
4. Armillaria heimii (Pegler); (= Clitocybe elegans ) (P) : Anacardium occidentalis (jambu mede, II benih (seed), bagian Africa: Angola, Cameroon, DR Congo, Basidiomycetes;armillaria root rot;honey root rot cashew nut), Camellia cinensis (teh, tea), tanaman (part of Congo, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Gabon, Coffea arabica (kopi, arabica coffe), Coffea plant) Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, canephora (kopi, robusta coffea), Hevea Nigeria, Reunion, South Africa, brasiliensis (karet, rubber), Manihot Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Pinus ellioti
(slash pine), Pinus radiate (radiate pine), Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus persica (Japanese plum), Tectona grandis (teak), Theobromoa cacao (coklat, cocoa) (S) : Acacia mearnsii (black wattle), Acacia melanoxylon (Australian blackwood), Araucaria cunninghamii (colonial pine), Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarinas), Cinnamamum camphora (camphor laurel), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Delonix regia (gold mohar), Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), Eucalyptus citriodora (lemon-scented gum), Grevillea robusta (silky oak), Jacaranda mimosifolia (Brazilian rosewood), Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Pinus strobes (eastern white pine), Prunus (buah batu, stonefruit), Schinus molle (false pepper tree), swietenia (mahogany).
5. Armillaria luteobubalina ( Watling & Kile);Basidiomycetes: (P): Acacia dealbata (acacia bernier), II daun (leaf), akar (root), Oceania: Australia Marasmiaceae;armillaria root rot; honey root rot Acacia melanoxylon (Australian batang (stem), bibit blackwood), Actinidia chinensis (Chinese tanaman (seedling)
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gooseberry), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Citrus reticulata (jeruk mandarin, mandarin orange), Citrus sinensis (jeruk, navel orange), Cotoneaster , Cycas revoluta (sago cycas), Hibiscus (rosemallows), Malus (ornamental species apple), Melia azedarach (Chinaberry), Nerium oleander (oleander), Pinus radiata (radiata pine), Prunus (buah batu, stone fruit), Prunus dulcis (almond), Rhododendron indicum (Satsuki azalea), Salix (willows), Taxus (yew), Viburnum , Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
6. Aphanomyces euteiches Drechsler; Oomycetes; (P): Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Pisum I tanaman (plant), Europe: Czech, Denmark, Finland, Aphanomyces root rot, common root rot, root rot sativum (kapri, sweet pea), polong- bagian tanaman (part Rusia, France, Italy, Netherlands, polongan lain (legumes) of plant), media Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden, tanam (planting Ukraine medium) Asia: China , India,Japan America: Canada, USA Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
7. Ascochyta boltshauseri Sacc. (P): Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea) I benih (seed), buah America: Colombia (Stagonosporopsis hortensis =Stagonospora hortensis (fruit), bagian (S): Fabaceae, Poaceae =Ascochyta hortensis) ; Anamorphic fungi; bean blotch, tanaman lain (part of bean leaf spot plant), tanah (soil)
8. Ascochyta gossypii (Woronichin) Syd.; Anamorphic fungi; (P): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton) II benih (seed), buah Europe: Greece ascochyta blight of cotton, ascochyta leaf spot, ascochyta (fruit), daun (leaf) , (S): Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, seedling blight, ashen spot, wet weather blight of cotton batang (stem) chilies, red pepper), Abelmoschus Taiwan, Georgia, India, Japan, Korea, moschatus (okra, lady’s finger), Solanum Laos, Malaysia, Philippines melongena (terung, eggplant ,
aubergine), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Vigna unguiculata , Hibiscus spp., Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea) Africa: Benin, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritius,Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe 83
America: Argent ina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, USA ,Venezuela Oceania: Australia, Papua New Guinea
9. Botryosphaeria ribis Grossend & Duggar; (=Dothiorella (P): Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), I tanaman (plant), Europe: Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, gregaria =D.ribis =Fusicoccum aesculi =Fusicoccum Juglans spp., Malus domesticum ( apel , bagian tanaman (part Portugal tingens =Botryosphaeria berengiana =B.mali); apple ), Macadamia sp. of plant), media Asia: Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, India, Ascomycetes; cane blight, canker, dieback, fruit rot, tanam (planting Iran, Israel, Japan, South Korea, gummosis, panicle and shoot blight, batang (stem) blight, medium) Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri tip dieback, white rot Lanka, Thailand, Turkey
Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominica, Jamaica, Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Solomon Islands
10. Botryotinia draytonii (Buddin & Wakefield) Seaver; (P): Gladiolus spp . I umbi (corm), Asia: Pakistan (=Sclerotinia draytonii Buddin & Wakefield = Botrytis tanaman (plant)
gladiolorum ); Ascomycetes; corm rot
11. Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel [teleomorph] = (P): Actinidia chinensis (Chinese I Umbi (onion), Daun Europe : Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr [anamorph] = Haplaria grisea gooseberry), Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit), (Leaves) dan batang Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, Link [anamorph] = Polyactis vulgaris Link [anamorph] = Allium cepa (onion), Annona cherimola (stems). Finland, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Phymatotrichum gemellum Bonord. [anamorph] = Botrytis (cherimoya), Brassicaceae (cruciferous Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, fuckeliana N.F. Buchw. [anamorph] = Sclerotinia crops), Chrysanthemum morifolium Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, fuckeliana (de Bary) Fuckel [teleomorph] = Peziza (chrysanthemum (florists')), Cucumis Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, fuckeliana de Bary [teleomorph]; grey mould-rot; grey sativus (cucumber), Cyclamen , Cynara Ukraina, Russia , France, Germany, mould-rot of crucifers; grey rot; Botrytis rot; bunch rot; cardunculus L. var. scolymus (globe Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, slipskin; grey mould; brownish-grey mildew artichoke), Dianthus caryophyllus Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, (carnation), Euphorbia pulcherrima Romania, Russia, Serbia and (poinsettia), Fragaria ananassa Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, (strawberry), Helianthus annuus Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK (sunflower), Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf), Asia : Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, 84
Humulus lupulus (hop), Lactuc a sativa China, Taiwan, India, Israel, Japan, (lettuce), Linum usitatissimum (flax), Korea Republic of (South Korea), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Malus Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Turkey domestica (apple), Ocimum basilicum Africa : Egypt, Morocco, South Africa, (basil), Phaseolus (beans), Pinus pinaster Tunisia (maritime pine), Pisum sativum (pea), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Pyrus America : Canada, USA, Argentina, communis (European pear), Ribes Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela (currants), Ribes uva-crispa (gooseberry), Rosa (roses), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Oceania : Australia, New Zealand Vaccinium (blueberries), Vitis vinifera (grapevine) (S): Aleurites , Allium chinense (spring onion), Allium fistulosum (Welsh onion), Anagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel), Apium graveolens (celery), Arachis hypogaea (groundnut), Asparagus officinalis (asparagus), Bouvardia , Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Pe-tsai), Calendulaofficinalis (Pot marigold), Capsicum (peppers), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Chrysanthemum (daisy), Cicerarietinum (chickpea), Cucurbita (pumpkin), Cydoniaoblonga (quince), Daucus carota (carrot), Diospyros (malabar ebony), Eleusine indica (goose grass), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tree), Eucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum), Ficus carica (fig), Fragaria (strawberry), Glycine max (soyabean), Lensculinaris ssp. culinaris (lentil), Lilium (lily), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Paeonia (peonies), Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Phoenixcanariensis (palm (Canary Island)), Piceapungens (blue spruce), Pinus (pines), Pistacia vera (pistachio), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus domestica (plum), Punicagranatum (pomegranate), Rubus (blackberry, 85
raspberry), Rubus fruticosus (blackberry), Sesbania cannabina (corkwood tree), Solanum melongena (aubergine), Triticum aestivum (wheat), Vicia faba (broad bean), Vicia sativa (common vetch), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Zinnia elegans (zinnia)
12. Botryotinia porri (H.J.F. Beyma) Whetzel = Sclerotinia porri (P): Allium (onions, garlic, leek, etc.), Allium I Umbi (bulbs/tubers), Europe : Finland, Germany, Hungary, H.J.F. Beyma = Botrytis porri N.F. Buchw. [anamorph]; cepa (onion), Allium porrum (leek) organ vegetatif Norway, UK Ascomycetes; Botrytis rot of garlic; Botrytis rot of leek; (vegetative organ) America : Canada, USA, Chile seedling damping-off of onion; neck rot of onion; mycelial: onion neck rot Oceania : Australia, New Zealand
13. Botryotinia squamosa Vienn.-Bourg.= Sclerotinia (P): Allium (onions, garlic, leek, etc.), Allium I Umbi (onion) Europe : Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech squamosa (Vienn.-Bourg.) Dennis = Botrytis squamosa cepa (onion) Republic, France, Germany, Ireland, J.C. Walker [anamorph]; leaf blight of onion; neck rot of Italy, Netherlands, Poland, UK, Scotland (S): Allium chinense (spring onion), Allium onion; small sclerotial neck rot; onion leaf blight; onion fistulosum (Welsh onion), Allium Asia : China, Japan, Korea, DPR, Korea neck rot schoenoprasum (chives), Allium tuberosum Republic of (South Korea) (Oriental garlic) Africa : Mauritius America : Canada, USA, Brazil Oceania : New Caledonia, New Zealand
14. Botrytis aclada Fresen.= Botrytis allii Munn = Botrytis (P): Allium (onions, garlic, leek, etc.), Allium I Umbi (onion), Europe : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, septospora El-Helaly et al.; grey mould of onion; neck rot cepa (onion), Allium cepa var. aggregatum Inflorescence dan Cyprus, Czech Republic and Slovakia , of onion; leaf rot of onion; small sclerotial neck rot fungus; (shallot) organ vegetative Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, neck rot fungus; grey mould neck rot of onion; small Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, (S): Allium porrum (leek), Allium sativum sclerotial onion neck rot Macedonia, France, Germany, Italy, (garlic) Netherlands, Norway, Poland, UK
Asia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea Republic of (South Korea) , Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Vietnam Africa : Egypt, Kenya, Morocco, South
86
Africa, Tanzania, Zambia America : Costa Rica, Guatemala, Jamaica, Panama, Canada, USA, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela Oceania : Australia, New Zealand
15. Botrytis tulipae Lind = Sclerotium tulipae Lib.; tulip fire (P): Tulipa (tulip) I Umbi Europe : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Slovakia , Denmark, (S): Allium cepa (onion), Lilium (lily) Finland, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia , Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Guernsey, Hungary, Italy, Jersey, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Switzerland, UK Asia : Iraq, Japan, Korea, DPR, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Philippines America : Canada, USA, Argentina, Chile Oceania : Australia, New Zealand
16. Cephalosporium (=Acremonium) gregatum Alling & (P): Glycine max (kedelai, soybean) II benih (seed) America: Canada, Mexico, USA Chamb; brown batang (stem) rot Africa: Egypt Asia: Japan Europe: Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia 17. Cercospora duddiae Welles; Anamorphic fungi; leaf spot of (P) Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, II tanaman (plant), Asia: India onion and garlic, withertip onion of and garlic, leaf spot: shallot), Allium schoenoprasum (bawang bagian tanaman America: Barbados, Jamaica garlic, leaf spot: onion daun/leeks, chives) vegetatif (part of vegetatif)
18. Cercospora elaeidis Steyaert; Anamorphic fungi; (P): Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, II buah (fruit), benih Africa: Angola, Benin, Cameroon, DR cercospora leaf spot, freckle of oil palm, leaf spot of oil oilpalm) (seed), bunga Congo, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea- palm, oil palm leaf spot (flower), bagian Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, 87
tanaman (part of Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, plants), media tanam Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, (planting medium) Zimbabwe, Antilles Netherlands, Suriname Oceania: Australia
19. Cercospora epipactidis ; (=C.massal) ; Anamorphic fungi; (P): Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchids) I tanaman (plant), Europe: Italy, Germany, Rusia. leaf spot bagian tanaman (part of plant)
20. Claviceps africana (Fr.) ; (= Claviceps sesleriae = (P): Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) I benih (seed), bagian Asia: India, Japan, Thailand, Yemen. Claviceps setulosa = Cordyceps setulosa =.Sphacelia tanaman (part of (S): Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) Africa: Angola, Botswana, Burundi, segetum =Claviceps microcephala) ; Ascomycetes plant) Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal. Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Dominica, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia.
21. Claviceps gigantea (Fuentes), de la Ista, Ullstrup & (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) I benih (seed), bagian America: Mexico Rodrigues; (=Sphacelia gigantean) ; Ascomycetes; ergot of tanaman (part of maize, horse's tooth plant), media tanam (planting medium)
22. Claviceps purpurea (Mantle); (= Sphacelia (P): Agrostis (bentgrasses), Avena sativa I benih (seed), bagian Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, sorghi );Ascomycetes; sugary disease (oat, oats), Cynodon (quickgrass), Festuca tanaman (part of Czech, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, (fescues), Hordeum (barleys), Hordeum plant) France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, vulgare (barley), Lolium (rye grasses), Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Lolium perenne (perennial rye grass), Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Phleum (timothies), Poa (meadow grass), Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Poa pratensis (smooth-stalked Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, meadowgrass), Poaceae (grasses), Secale Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, (rye), Secale cereale (rye), Sorghum bicolor Montenegro, Macedonia (sorgum, sorghum), Triticum (wheat), Asia: Armenia, China, India, Iran, Israel, 88
Triticum a estivum (gandum, wheat) Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Philippines, Turkey. (S): Bromus (bromegrasses), Echinochloa spp. , Panicum (millets), Pennisetum Africa: Algeria, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, (feather grass) Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, South Africa (Sudan, Tanzania,
Zimbabwe). America: Canada, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
23. Colletotrichum kahawae J.M Waller & Bridge; (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) I bagian tanaman (part Africa: Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, (=Colletotrichum coffeanum =C.coffeanum 'var. virulans') ; of plant), tanah (soil) Central Africa, DR Congo,Congo, Anamorphic fungi; anthracnose of coffee, brown blight of Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, coffee, coffee berry disease Rwanda,Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Cuba
24. Colletotrichum sublineolum (Henn);Ascomycetes; sorghum (P): Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) I benih (seed), bagian Europe: Romania, UK. anthracnose; stalk red rot of sorghum; red leaf spot of tanaman (part of (S): Poaceae (grasses), Zizania aquatica Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, sorghum;head blight of sorghum plant), tanah (soil) (annual wildrice) Cambodia, China, , Taiwan, India, Japan, South Korea, Lebanon, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand. Africa: Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa, Chad, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Brazil, Barbados, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, 89
Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Guyana, Venezuela Oceania: Australia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
25. Coniothyrium wernsdorffiae Laubert; (=Coniothyrium (P): Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) I tanaman (plant), Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Denmark, cystotricha) ; Anamorphic fungi; rose brand canker bagian tanaman (part France, Germany, Greece, Italy, of plant) Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Rusia, Sweden, Ukraine, UK America: Canada, USA Oceania: Australia
26. Crinipellis perniciosa (Stahel) Singer; (P): Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), I bagian tanaman (part America: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, (=Moniliophthora perniciosa); Basidiomycets; cocoa of plant) Colombia, Dominica, Ecuador, Grenada, (S): Bixa orellana witches’ broom disease Guyana, Panama, Peru,St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela
27. Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm; (=Phoma (P): Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus vulgaris I benih (seed), bagian Europe: Austria, Bulgaria ,Czech, cucurbitacearum =Mycosphaerella citrullina =M.melonis (semangka, watermelon), Cucumis melo tanaman (part of Denmark, Rusia, Germany, Greece, =Didymosphaeria melonis =D. effusa =Didymella melonis (melon, melon), Cucumis sativus plant), media tanam Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, =Ascochyta cucumis =A.melonis =Phyllosticta citrullina); (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita spp., (planting medium) Poland, Romania, Rusia, Slovakia, Ascomycetes; Momordica charantia (paria, bitter gourd), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Sechium edule (labu siam), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato)
gummy batang (stem) blight, leaf spot of cucurbits, Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei, China,Taiwan, cercospora leafspot of squash, cucumber black rot, India, Iraq, Israel, Japan, South Korea, cucurbits stem blight, cucurbits leaf spot, cucurbits stem- Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, end rot Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand Africa: Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El Salvador, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, 90
Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad a nd Tobago , USA Oceania: Samoa America, Australia, Fiji, France Polynesia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Pitcairn, Samoa, Solomon Islands,Tonga
28. Diplodia laelio-cattleyae Sibilia; Anamorphic fungi; leaf (P): Cattleya sp. (anggrek cattleya, cattleya) I tanaman (plant), America spot bagian tanaman (part of plant)
29. Elsinoe ampelina Shea r = Sphaceloma ampelinum de (P): Vitis vinifera (grapevine) I Buah (fruits), polong Europe : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bary [anamorph] = Gloeosporium ampelophagum (Pass.) (pods), titik tumbuh France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Malta, (S) : Rubus fruticosus (blackberry), Rubus Sacc. [anamorph] = Ramularia ampelophaga Pass. (growing points), Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, idaeus (raspberry), Vitis labrusca (fox [anamorph] = Torula meyeni Ber. & Terv. [anamorph] = inflorescence, daun Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, grape), Vitis rupestris (sand-grape) Ramularia meyeni Gar. & Catt. [anamorph] = (leaves), batang Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, UK Gloeosporium venetum Speg. [anamorph] = Manginia (stems) dan seluruh Asia : Afghanistan, Cambodia, China, ampelina (de Bary) Viala & Pacottet [anamorph] = tanaman (whole India, Iran, Japan, Korea Republic of Uleomyces parasiticus Henn. [teleomorph] = Plectodiscella plant). (South Korea), Myanmar, Pakistan, veneta Burkh. [teleomorph] = Elsinoë viticola Racib. Turkey [teleomorph]; Ascomycetes; grape anthracnose; grape black spot; grape black rot; bird's eye spot; bird's eye rot; Africa : Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, vine black spot; bird's eye fungus; anthracnose of Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, grapevine; bird's eye disease of grapevine; black spot of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe grapevine
America : Barbados, Bermuda, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Canada, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela Oceania : Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea
30. Elsinoe brasiliensis bitanc & Jenkins; (=Sphaceloma (P): Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) I bagian tanaman (part America: Barbados, Brazil, Colombia, manihoticola =Elsinoë jatrophae) ; Ascomycetes; of plant), umbi Mexico, Panama, Venezuela superelongation disease of cassava, cassava root (tuber), akar (root) Oceania: Cook Islands enlargement
91
31. Elsinoe mangiferae bitanc & Jenkins; (=Sphaceloma (P): Mangifera indica (mangga, mango) I bagian tanaman (part Asia: Taiwan, India, Nepal, Philippines mangiferae) ; Ascomycetes; mango scab of plant), buah (fruit) Africa: Kenya America: Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Dominica, Haiti, Jamaica, Panama, Puerto Rico, USA Oceania: Australia
32. Elsinoe rosa rum Jenk. & bitanc; Ascomycetes; Kudis (P): Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) I tanaman (plant), America: USA. bagian tanaman (part of plant)
33. Exobasidium reticulatum Ito & Sawada; Basidiomycetes; (P) : Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) I bagian tanaman (part Asia: China, Taiwan, Japan, Malaysia net blister blight of tea of plant)
34. Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. 188, Basidiomycetes = (P): Abies alba (silver fir), Abies amabilis I Buah (cherry fruits), Europe: Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Fomes pinicola (Sw.) Fr. 1849 = Fomes marginatus (Pers.) (Pacific silver fir), Abies concolor (Rocky batang (stems) dan Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Fr. 1849 = Boletus ungulatus Schaeff. 1774 = Boletus Mountain white fir), Abies holophylla seluruh tanaman Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, marginatus Pers. 1794 = Boletus pinicola Sw. 1810 = (Manchurian fir), Abies magnifica (red fir), (whole plant). Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Polyporus pinicola (Sw.) Fr. 1821 = Polyporus marginatus Abies nephrolepis (Khingan fir), Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, (Pers.) Fr. 1821 = Fomes ungulatus (Schaeff.) Sacc. 1879 Abiesprocera (noble fir), Abies religiosa Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, = Ungulina marginata (Pers.) Pat. 1900; brown crumbly (sacred fir), Acer macrophyllum (broadleaf Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, rot; pinicola conk; red belt fungus; root rot conifers; brown maple), Agathis , Betula papyrifera (paper Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, rot of conifers; brown cubical heart rot of fir birch), Larix gmelinii (Dahurian larch), Picea Switzerland, Ukraine, UK abies (common spruce), Picea glauca
(white spruce), Picea jezoensis (Yeddo spruce), Picea koraiensis (Korean spruce), Asia : Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Picea mariana (black spruce), Picea Taiwan, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, obovata (Siberian spruce), Picea rubens Kazakhstan, Nepal, Pakistan, (red spruce), Picea sitchensis (Sitka Philippines, Thailand, Turkey spruce), Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine), Pinusedulis (pinyon), Pinus flexilis (limber Africa : Egypt, Morocco pine), Pinus koraiensis (fruit pine), Pinus America : Guatemala, Canada, Mexico, sylvestris (Scots pine), Prunus persica USA, Brazil (peach), Prunus sargentii (sargent's cherry), Prunus serotina (black cherry), Oceania : Australia, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir), Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock), Tsuga mertensiana (Patton's hemlock), Vitis
92
(grape) (S): Abies balsamea (balsam fir), Abies grandis (grand fir), Abies lasiocarpa (rocky mountain fir), Abies nordmanniana (Nordmann fir), Acer pictum (painted maple), Alnus glutinosa (European alder), Alnus incana (grey alder), Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch), Betula pendula (common silver birch), Betula platyphylla (Manchurian birch), Betula populifolia (gray birch), Calocedrus decurrens (bastard cedar), Carpinus betulus (hornbeam), Carpinus cordata (heart-leaved hornbeam), Carya (hickories), Castanea (chestnuts), Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Alaska cedar), Corylusavellana (hazel), Fagus grandifolia (American beech), Fagus sylvatica (common beech), Larix kaempferi (Japanese larch), Larix komarovii , Larix laricina (American larch), Magnolia , Malus domestica (apple), Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce), Picea pungens (blue spruce), Pinus lambertiana (big pine), Pinus monophylla (single-leaf pinyon pine), Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine), Pinus sibirica (Siberian stone pine), Pinus strobus (eastern white pine), Pinus tabuliformis (chinese pine), Platanus occidentalis (sycamore), Platanus orientalis (plane), Populus grandidentata (Bigtooth aspen), Populus maximowiczii (Japanese poplar), Populus nigra (black poplar), Populus tremula (aspen (European)), Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen), Prunusavium (sweet cherry), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Salix alba (white willow), Salix caprea (pussy willow), Salix fragilis (crack willow), Sequoia sempervirens (coast redwood), Sorbus aucuparia (mountain ash), Thuja 93
occidentalis (Eastern white cedar), Thuja plicata (western redcedar), Tilia cordata (small-leaf lime), Tsuga canadensis (eastern hemlock)
35. Fusarium chlamydosporum (Wollenw & Reinking); Morus (mulberrytree), Pennisetum glaucum I benih (seed), bagian Asia: China, India (Haryana), Saudi (= Fusarium chlamydosporum var. chlamydosporum); (pearl millet), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, tanaman (part of Arabia. Ascomycetes; wilt cotton sorghum) plant) Africa: widespread, Nigeria
America: USA. Oceania: Australia
36. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis Toovey; Ascomycetes; (P): Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, I benih (seed), buah Africa: Benin, Cameroon, DR Congo, fusarium wilt of oil palm, vascular oil palm wilt oilpalm) (fruit), bunga (flower), Congo, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria (pollen), bagian (S): Amaranthus spinosus , Chromolaena America: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, tanaman (part of odorata , Imperata cylindrica (ilalang, Suriname, Costa Rica plant), media tanam bedding grass) (planting medium) Oceania : Papua New Guinea
37. Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb .; Ascomycetes (= (P): Avena sativa (oats), Hordeum vulgare I Benih (seed) Europe : Austria, Cyprus, Czech Fusarium sporotrichiella var. sporotrichioides (Sherb.) Bilai (barley), Lolium perenne (perennial Republic, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, [anamorph]= Fusarium sporotrichioides var. minus ryegrass), Triticum aestivum (wheat), Zea Italy, Poland, Portugal, Russia, UK Wollenw. [anamorph]= Fusarium sporotrichioides var. mays (maize) Asia : China, India, Japan, Pakistan, minor Wollenw. [anamorph] = Fusarium tricinctum (Corda) (S): Glycine max (soyabean), Medicago Thailand, Turkey Sacc. (emend Snyder & Hansen, pro parte) [anamorph] = sativa (lucerne), Pinus strobus (eastern Fusarium sporotrichioides subsp. minus (Wollenw.) Raillo Africa : Egypt, Kenya, Sierra Leone, white pine), Pisum sativum (pea), [anamorph] = Fusarium sporotrichiella Bilai); kernel rot of South Africa, Tanzania turfgrasses , Zizania palustris (northern wild maize, blight of grasses, foot rot of carnation rice (USA) America: Barbados, Canada, USA, Brazil Oceania : Australia, New Zealand
38. Gibberella avenaceae (R.J. Cook) (= Fusarium (P) : Albizia julibrissin (silk tree) II benih (seed), bagian Europe : Hungary, Poland, Slovenia, UK avenaceum =Fusarium roseum var . avenaceum = tanaman (part of (S) : Clausena lansium (wampi), Cucurbita Asia : China, India, Iran Fusarium avenaceum f.sp. fabae =Fusarium avenaceum plant), media tanam (pumpkin), Fraxinus excelsior (ash), subsp. aywerte); Ascomycetes;Fusarium blight; head (planting medium) Africa : Kenya, Nigeria Gossypium (cotton), Ipomea batatas , blight; stem base disease; scab (sweet potato), Morus (melberrytree), Oryza America : Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Puerto sativa (rice), Piper betle (betel pepper), Rico, Peru, USA Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir), Pyrus communis (European pear), Solanum Oceania : Australia, New Zealand.
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tuberosum (potato), Theobroma cacao (cocoa)
39. Gibberella xylarioides R. Heim & Saccas; (=Fusarium (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) II benih (seed), bagian Africa: Angola, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, oxysporum f.sp xylarioides =F.xylarioides [anamorph]); tanaman (part of Central Africa, Congo, DR Congo, Ivory (S): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Ascomycetes; coffee wilt, sudden death of coffee, plant), media tanam Coast, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), tracheomycosis of coffee, vascular wilt of coffee (planting medium) Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain) Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo,Uganda, Zimbabwe America: El Salvador
40. Gibberella zeae (Schwan); (= Gibberella saubinetii (P): Alopecurus pratensis (Meadow foxtail), II benih (seed), bagian Europe : Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, =Fusarium roseum f.sp . cerealis = Sphaeria zeae Avena sativa (oats), Glycine max (kedelai, tanaman (part of Czech, Finland, France, Germany, Schwein); Ascomycetes; headblight of maize; scab soyabean), Hordeum vulgare (barley), plant), media tanam Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, of maize; root rot of maize; stalk rot of maize; ear rot of Linum usitassimum (flax), Lupinus (lupins), (planting medium) Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, maize; gibberella stalk rot; gibberella ear rot; red ear rot; Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, pink ear rot; fusarium root and stalk rot; cobweb disease Oryza sativa (padi, rice), Pennisetum Russia, Russia, Serbia-Montenegro, glaucum (pearl millet), Secale cereale (rye), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Triticum Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, aestivum (wheat), Zea mays (jagung, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and maize) Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia,
(S): Acacia mearnsii (black wattle), Asia : China, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Azadirachta indica (neem tree), Brassica , South Korea, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Dianthus (carnation), Gardenia jasminoides Arabia, Sri Lanka, Turkey. (cape jasmine), Gossypium (cotton), Africa : widespread, Egypt, Gambia, Lycopersicon , Mangifera indica (mangga, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, mango), Medicago (medic), Medicago Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe. littoralis (strand medick), Musa x paradisiaca (plantain), Panicum miliaceum America: Costa Rica, Dominica, (millet), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Grenada, Honduras, St. Lucia, St. Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), Pisum (pea), Vincent and the Grenadines, Windward Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Solanum Island, Canada, Mexico, USA., (nightshade), Trifolium (clovers), Triticale , Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Vicia faba ( Broad bean), Zingiber officinale Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay. (jahe, ginger) Oceania : Australia, Fiji, New Zealand. Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands
95
Islands.
41. Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis (Sacc.) Arx & (P): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Triticum I bagian tanaman (part Asia: India, Philippines Olivier; (=Gaeumannomyces graminis graminis aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays of plant) Africa: Egypt, South Africa =Ophiobolus oryzinus) ; Ascomycetes; (jagung, corn, maize), Zizania spp., Avena spp., secale, Poaceae, Cynodon spp., America: Peru, USA crown sheath rot, crown sheath rot of rice, patch disease Eremochloa ophiuroides , Pennisetum of turf, white-heads of grasses clandestinum , Stenotaphrum secundatum , Zoysia japonica
42. Gloeodes pomigena (Schwein.) Colby (=Dothidea (P): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ) I cabang (branch), Europe: Germany pomigena Schwein. =Phyllachora pomigena=Marssonina buah (fruit), pasca (S): Citrus spp., Magnolia spp., Vitis vinifera Asia: India, Japan mali.); Anamorphic fungi; sooty blotch on twig & fruit panen (post harvest) (anggur, grapevine), Orchidaceae (anggrek, America: Brazil ,USA orchid), Querqus spp.
43. Gloeocercospora sorghi (Bain & Edgertan); (= (P): Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) I benih (seed), bagian Europe: Russia Ramulispora andropogonis=Titaeospora tanaman (part of (S): Agrostis capillaris (brown bentgrass), Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Japan, North andropogonis); Anamorphic fungi;zonate leaf spot plant) Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris (bent Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand. grass), Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Central Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), African Republic, Chad, Congo, Eritrea, Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass), Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass), Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Sorghum sudanense (Sudan grass), Zea Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. mays (jagung, maize) America : Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Nicaragua, Panama, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela. Oceania: American, Samoa, Australia, Samoa, Tonga.
44. Guignardia bidwellii (Ellis) Viala & Ravaz Depazea (P): Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) I bagian tanaman (part Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, labruscae Englem[anamorph]; (=Naemospora ampelicida of plant) France, Germany, Italy, Romania, Rusia, (S): Ampelopsis, Cissus, Parthenocissus , =Phoma ustulata =P.uvicola =P.uvicola var. labruscae Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine, Serbia, Citrus spp. =Phyllosticta ampelicida =P.ampelopsidis =P.viticola Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and =P.vulpinae =Phyllostictina clemensae =P.uvicola Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia =P.viticola =Sacidium viticolum =Septoria viticola Asia: China,Taiwan, India, Iran, Japan, =Botryosphaeria bidwellii =Carlia bidwellii =Laestadia North Korea, Pakistan, Philippines, 96
bidwellii =Physalospor a bidwellii =Sphaeria bidwellii) ; Turkey Ascomycetes; black rot Africa: Morocco, Mozambique, Sudan America: Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, USA Oceania: Christmas Island
45. Helicobasidium brebissonii (Desm.) Donk; (P): Beta vulgaris var saccharifera (bit gula, I umbi/umbi akar Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, (=Helicobasidium purpureum =Rhizoctonia crocorum sugar beetroot) (tube/tuber-root), Czech, Denmark, France, Germany, =R.violacea =Sclerotium crocorum) ; Basidiomycetes; bagian tanaman (part Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, (S): Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Ipomoea Asparagus offiPR officinalis root rot, apple violet root rot, of plant) Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Solanum sweet potato violet root rot Rusia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, tuberosum (kentang, potato), Morus spp. Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and (murbei, mulberry) Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, Philippines, Turkey, Vietnam Africa: Algeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Barbados, Canada, Colombia, Dominica, Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
46. Hemileia coffeicola Maubl & Roger; (= Uredo coffeicola ); (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) I daun (leaf), bagian Africa: Cameroon, Central Africa, DR Basidiomycetes; grey rust of coffee powdery rust of coffee, tanaman (part of Congo, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Sao Tome & coffee rust plant) Principe, Togo, Uganda
47. Heterosporium allii-cepae Ranojevic; (=Mycosphaerella (P): Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, I bagian tanaman (part Europe: Germany, Switzerland, UK allii-cepae =Cladosporium allii-cepae =Heterosporium allii shallot) of plant), tanah (soil) Asia: South Korea =Heterosporium allii var. cepivorum) ; Ascomycetes; leafspot America: Brazil
48. Hypoxylon nummularium Bull ex Fr.; busuk root (Tarry root (P): Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) I tanaman (plant), Africa: South Africa (East Cape, rot) bagian tanaman (part Graham’s town, West cape, Nature’s
97
of plant) valley)
49. Hypoxylon serpens (Pers.: Fr.) Kicks (= Hypoxylon (P): Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Malus I cabang (branch) Europe: UK subluteum); Ascomycetes; tea wood rot, tea root rot domesticum ( apel , apple ), Pyrus communis Asia: Japan (pir , pear ) Africa: Kenya (S): Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
50. Leptosphaeria coniothyrium (Fuckel) Sacc.; (P): Rubus spp., Rosa spp. (mawar, rose). I tanaman (plant), Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, (=Coniothyrium fuckelii =Melanomma coniothyrium bagian tanaman (part Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, (S): Ribes, Vaccinium, Fragaria, Bambusa, =Sphaeria coniothyrium =Coniothyrium rosa rum) ; of plant) France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Juniperus, Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Ascomycetes; cane blight, rose blight, apple canker, pine Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Pinus sylvestris , buah batu (stone fruit), needle blight, rose stem canker Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Rusia, Taxus, Thuja Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, Serbia,
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei, China, India, Japan, Kuwait, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan Africa: Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Canada, USA Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea
51. Leptosphaeria taiwanensis Yen & Chi; (=Cercospora (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, I bagian tanaman (part Asia: Taiwan taiwanensis) ; Ascomycetes; sugar cane leaf blight sugarcane) of plant)
52. Marasmiellus cocophilus Pegler; Basidiomycetes; basal (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut) I buah (fruit), bagian Africa: Kenya,Tanzania stem break, lethal bole rot of coconut tanaman (part of (S): Cynodon dactylon , Echinochloa colona , Oceania: Solomon Islands plant) Eleusine indica
53. Marasmiellus inoderma (Berk.) Singer); Basidiomycetes; (P): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) I akar (root), tanaman Africa: Egypt crown rot of rice, pre-emergence shoot rot, root rot of (plant), tanah (soil). (S): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Musa Oceania: Samoa America, Samoa maize, sheath rot of maize spp. (pisang, banana), Orchidaceae
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(anggrek, orchids)
54. Microcyclus ulei (Henn.) Arx; (=Fusicladium macrosporum (P): Hevea brasiliensis (karet, rubber tree) I tanaman (plant), America: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, =Dothidella ulei =Melanopsammopsis ulei =Aposphaeria bagian tanaman (part Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador ,El ulei =Passalora heveae) ; Ascomycetes; American leaf of plant), alat angkut Salvador, Guyana France, Guatemala, blight of rubber (means of Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, transportation), alat Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, pertanian Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela (agricultural tool)
55. Microthyriella rubi Petr.; (=Scizothyrium sp. ); fly speck (P): Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Malus I tanaman (plant), Asia: China, India, Japan domesticum ( apel , apple ), Citrus spp.(jeruk, bagian tanaman (part America: USA orange) of plant) (S): Dianthus spp. (anyelir, carnation)
56. Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhland) Honey [teleomorph]; (P): Prunus armeniaca (apricot), I Buah (Fruits), polong Europe : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Ascomycetes; = Monilia laxa (Ehrenb.) Sacc. & Voglino Prunusavium (sweet cherry), Prunus (pods), titik tumbuh Czech Republic, Czech Republic and [anamorph] = Sclerotinia cinerea (Bonord.) J. Schröt. cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus domestica (growing points), Slovakia , Denmark, Finland, Belarus, [anamorph] = Monilia oregonensis Barss [anamorph] = (plum ), Prunusdulcis (almond), Prunus inflorescence, daun Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Monilia cinerea Bonord. [teleomorph] = Sclerotinia laxa persica (peach) (leaves), batang Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Aderh. & Ruhland [teleomorph] = Sclerotinia cerasi (stems) dan seluruh Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan,
Woronin [teleomorph]; tanaman (whole Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, plant). Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia blossom blight; mummufying fruit; blossom wilt; brown rot and Herzegovina, Montenegro, of stone fruits; spur blight; twig canker; wither tip (S): Cydonia oblonga (quince), Malus Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, domestica (apple), Prunus triloba (Rose Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Moldova, tree of China), Pyrus communis (European Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, pear) Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Asia: Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Turkey, Africa : Morocco, South Africa America : Guatemala, Canada, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Oceania : Australia, New Zealand
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57. Moniliophthora roreri (Ciferri) H.C Evant et al.; (=Monilia (P): Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) I buah (fruit), benih America: Brazil, Colombia ,Costa Rica, roreri); Anamorphic fungi; frosty pod rot, monilia pod rot, (seed) Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, pod rot of cocoa, quevedo disease, watery pod rot of Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Venezuela cocoa
58. Monilochaetes infuscans Harter; Anamorphic fungi; scurf of (P): Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet I umbi (tuber) , bagian Europe: Italy, Portugal sweet potato, manure stain, scurf: sweet potato, tanah potato) tanaman (part of Asia: China, Taiwan, Israel, Japan, (soil)s stain plant), media tanam Korea, Sri Lanka (planting medium) Africa: Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Brazil, USA Oceania: Australia, Palau, Cook Islands, Micronesia, New Zealand, Northern Mariana Island, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu
59. Monographella nivalis (Schaffnit); (= Micronectriella nivalis (P): Avena sativa (oat, oats), Hordeum I benih (seed), bagian Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czech, =Calonectria nivalis =Griphosphaeria nivalis =Fusarium vulgare (barley), Secale cereale (rye), tanaman (part of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Belarus, nivale =.Gerlachia nivalis = Fusarium nivale f.sp . Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat). plant) Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, graminicola =Fusarium nivale var .nivale =Fusarium nivale Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, (S): Agrostis canina (velvet bentgrass), var. majus =Microdochium nivale =Calonectria graminicola Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bentgrass), F.Stevens); Ascomycetes;foot rot of cereals; snow blight of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Festuca rubra (red fescue), Oryza sativa cereals; head blight of cereals; pink snow mould of Russia , Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, (padi, rice), turfgrasses. cereals; seedling blight of cereals; snow mould of cereals; Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Fusarium patch of turf; Microdochium patch of turf; pink Macedonia, France, Germany, Iceland, snow mould of turf Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia-Montenegro, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK. Asia : Bahrain, China, India, Japan, Pakistan. Africa : Egypt, Ethiopia, Senegal, Zambia. America : Canada, Mexico, USA, Bolivia, Brazil. Oceania : Australia, New Zealand 100
60. Mycena citricolor (Brek & Curt) Sacc (=Agaricuscitricolor (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), I buah (fruit), bagian America: Bolivia, Brazil , Colombia, =Omphalia flavida =Stilbum flavidum =Mycena tricolor) ; tanaman (part of Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El (S): Citrus , Cinchona offiChinalis (kina, Basidiomycetes; American leaf spot of coffee, American: plant) Salvador, Guyana France, Guadeloupe, quinine tree) Theobroma cacao (kakao, coffee leaf spot, cock's eye spot, iron spot of coffee Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, cocoa) Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA
61. Mycosphaerella aleuritis (Miyake) Ou (=Pseudo (P): Aleurites moluccana (kemiri, candle- I buah (fruit), bagian Asia: China cercospora aleuritis); Ascomycetes; angular leaf spot nut) tanaman (part of Oceania: Tonga, Cook Islands, New plant) Zealand
62. Mycosphaerella fijiensis (M. Morelet); (Mycosphaerella Musa spp. (pisang, banana) I benih (seed) Asia : Bhutan, China (Fujian, Hainan, fijiensis var. difformis) ; Black sigatoka Taiwan), Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam. Africa : Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Comoros, DR Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Tanzania , Togo, Uganda, Zambia. America : Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, USA, Hawaii, Venezuela. Oceania : American Samoa, Australia , Cook Islands, Federated states of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna.
101
63. Oidium anacardii ; Anamorphic fungi; powdery mildew (P): Anacardium occidentale (jambu mete, I tanaman (plant), Africa: Malawi, Tanzania cashew-nut) bagian tanaman (part
of plant)
64. Oospora pustulans Owen & Wakef; (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) I umbi (tuber) Europe: Estonia, Germany, Ireland, (=Polyscytalum pustulans) ; Anamorphic fungi; potato Lithuania, Norway, Romania, Russia, UK (S): Solanum spp. skin spot Africa: South Africa America: Canada,USA Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
65. Pachymetra chaunorhiza Croft & Dick; pachymetra (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, I tanaman (plant), Australia root rot sugarcane), Zea mays (jagung, corn, bagian tanaman (part maize), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, of plant), media sorghum) tanam (planting medium)
66. Periconia manihoticola (Vincens) Viegas; Anamorphic (P): Hevea brasiliensis (karet, rubber tree), I tanaman (plant), Asia: India fungi; Periconia blight Acasia spp., Pisum spp., Manihot esculenta bagian tanaman (part Oceania: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, (ubi kayu, cassava) of plant) Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
67. Peronospora hyoscyami f.sp. tabacina (D.B. Adam) Skalicky; (P): Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, I bagian tanaman (part Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, (=Peronospora tabacina =P.hyoscyami = .nicotianae) ; tobacco) of plant) Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Oomycetes; angular tobacco leaf spot, blue mould of Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, France, (S): Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell- tobacco, downy mildew, tobacco black fire, tobacco blue Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy , pepper), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, mould, tobacco wildfire Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, eggplant , aubergine) Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Spain, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK , Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Taiwan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Myanmar, Syria, Turkey , Uni Arab Emirat, Yemen, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
102
America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, USA , Uruguay, Venezuela Oceania: Australia
68. Peronospora sparsa Berk; Oomycetes; downy mildew (P): Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) I daun (leaf) America: USA, Canada, Brazil, Colombia Europe: Finland, Ireland, France, Scandinavia, UK, Russia, Russia Asia: Israel Africa: Egypt Oceania: Australia.
69. Peronospora viciae f.sp pisi (Sydow) Boerema & Verhoeven; (P): Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Vicia I benih (seed), bagian Europe: Scandinavia Oomycetes; pea downy mildew faba tanaman (part of Asia: India plant)
70. Phaeolus manihotis Henn; Basidiomycetes; root rot (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), I umbi (tuber), bagian Africa: Madagascar Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato) tanaman (part of plant)
71. Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E.Mull.) Hedjar; (=Phoma (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), I benih (seed), bagian Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, hennebergii =Septoria glumarum =S.nodorum Secale cereale (rye) , Hordeum vulgare tanaman (part of Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, =Stagonospora nodorum =Leptosphaeria nodorum) ; (barli, barley) plant) Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Ascomycetes; glum blotch Netherlands, Norway,Poland, Portugal, (S): Agropyron, Bromus inermis , Cynodon Romania, Rusia, Slovakia, Spain, dactylon , Lolium perenne , Triticale Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Asia: Armenia, Bhutan, China,Taiwan, India , Israel, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia Africa: Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania,
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Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico,USA Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
72. Phialophora cinerescens (Wollenweb.) JHF Beyma (P): Diathus spp. I tanaman (plant), Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, (=Verticillium cinerescens) ; Anamorphic fungi; bagian tanaman (part Finland, France, Germany, Greece, (S): Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, phialophora wilt, vascular wilt of carnation, wilt of carnation of plant), media Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, sunflower), Fragaria spp. tanam (planting Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, medium) Rusia, Spain, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Asia: China America: Canada, Colombia, USA Oceania: New Zealand
73. Phoma exigua var. linicola (Naumov& Vassiljevsky) P.W.T (P): Linum ussitatissimum (flax) I benih (seed), bagian Europe: Belgium, Czech, Denmark, Maas; (=Ascochyta linicola =Phoma exigua f.sp. linicola tanaman (part of Estonia, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, (S): Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea) =P.linicola) ; Ascomycetes; foot rot of flax plant) Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Slovakia America: Canada Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
74. Phoma tracheiphila (Petri) Kantachveli & Gikachvili; (P): Citrus spp. I benih (seed), bagian Europe: Albania, Cyprus, France, (=Deuterophoma tracheiphila =Bakerophoma tracheiphila) ; tanaman (part of Greece, Italy, Russia (S ): Fortunella, Poncirus Ascomycetes; mal secco disease of Citrus , wilt of Citrus , plant) Asia: Georgia, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Citrus wilt, Citrus mal secco Syria, Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria,Tunisia
75. Phomopsis perceae Serova; Ascomycetes; fruit rot (P): Persea americana (alpokat, avocado) I buah (fruit) America: USA.
76. Phomopsis viticola (S acc.) Sacc. [anamorph] = Phoma (P): Vitis vinifera (grapevine) I Buah (fruits), polong Europe : Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and viticola Sacc.= Phoma flaccida Viala & Ravaz = (pods), titik tumbuh Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia, (S) : Parthenocissus quinquefolia ( Cryptosporella viticola Shear [teleomorph] = Diaporthe (growing points), Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and creeper), Vitis labrusca (fox grape), Vitis viticola Nitschke [teleomorph] = Fusicoccum viticolum inflorescence, daun Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, rupestris (sand-grape) Reddick = Diplodia viticola Desm .; Anamorphic fungi; (leaves) dan batang France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Phomopsis cane and leaf spot; Phomopsis cane and leaf (stems). Italy, Jersey, Macedonia, Moldova,
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blight; black knot: grapevine; black rot: grapevine; dead - Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, arm: grapevine; necrosis of grapevine Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine,
UK
Asia : Brunei Darussalam, China, Taiwan, India, Japan, Turkey Africa : Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, Zimbabwe America : Canada, Mexico, USA, Brazil, Chile, Venezuela Oceania : Australia, New Zealand
77. Phragmidium mucronatum (Pers.) Schlect.; (P): Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) I tanaman (plant), bagian Europe: Bulgaria, Germany, Italy (=Phragmidium disciflorum) ; Basidiomycetes; rust tanaman (part of plant) Asia: Japan Africa: Egypt America: Chile
78. Phyllachora huberi Henn; Ascomycetes; black spot/ tar (P): Hevea brasiliensis (karet, rubber tree) I tanaman (plant), America: Brazil, Guyana spot bagian tanaman (part of plant), daun (leaf)
79. Phyllosticta phaseolina Sacc.; Anamorphic fungi; leaf spot, (P): Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), I tanaman (plant), America: Barbados, Jamaica fruit blotch, twig canker Phaseolus spp. bagian tanaman (part of plant) (S): Vanilla sp.
80. Phyllosticta solitaria Ellis & Everh; Anamorphic fungi; apple (P): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple) I buah (fruit), bagian America: Canada, USA blotch tanaman (part of (S): Crataegus sp., Pyrus coronaria plant)
81. Phyllostictina pyriformis Cash & Watson; Ascomycetes; leaf (P): Orcidaceae (anggrek, orchids) I tanaman (plant), America: Hawaii spot bagian tanaman (part of plant)
82. Phytophthora cryptogea (Pethybr. & Laff.); (P): Actinidia chinensis (Chinese I daun (leaf), akar Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, gooseberry), Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit), (root), batang (stem), Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Oomycetes: Pythiaceae;tomato foot rot; damping off; Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), bibit tanaman Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, gerbera foot rot; black neck of chrysanthemum; tulip Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon), Apium (seedling) Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, shanking; corm, stem and leaf rot of gloxinia; pink rot of graveolens (seledri, celery), Asparagus Serbia-Montenegro, Slovakia, Spain, 105
potato; stem rot; root rot; damping -off officinalis (asparagus), Aster , Brassica Sweden, UK oleracea var. botrytis (bunga kol, Asia: China,Iran, Japan,Jordan, Korea cauliflower), Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Calathea , Calendula officinalis (Pot Africa: Egypt, South Africa, Zimbabwe marigold), Callistephus chinensis (China aster), Capsicum annuum (bell pepper), America: Canada, USA, Argentina, Castanea (chestnuts), Celosia argentea Brazil,Chile (celosia), Chrysanthemum (daisy), Oceania: Australia,New Zealand, Papua Chrysanthemum frutescens (marguerite), New Guinea Chrysanthemum vestitum , Cichorium (chicory), Cichorium intybus (chicory), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Citrus , Clarkia (satin flowers), Consolida ambigua (rocket larkspur), Cotoneaster , Cucumis melo (melon), Cucumis sativus (ketimun, cucumber), Cucurbita (pumpkin), Cucurbita maxima (giant pumpkin), Cucurbita moschata (labu, pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo (ornamental gourd), Cupressus (cypresses), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar), Cyphomandra betacea (tree tomato), Dahlia , Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Dianthus barbatus (sweet williams), Dianthus caryophyllus (anyelir, carnation), Erica (heaths), Erysimum cheiri (wallflower), Eucalyptus spp. , Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia), Fragaria (strawberry), Gerbera (Barbeton daisy), Gerbera jamesonii (African daisy), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gynura bicolor , Gypsophila paniculata (babysbreath), Hebe , Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Humulus lupulus (hop), Juglans regia (walnut), Juniperus chinensis (Chinese juniper), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Liatris spicata (spike gayfeather), Limonium sinuatum (sea pink), Lupinus spp. , Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Maranta (arrowroot), Matthiola incana (stock), 106
Medicago sativa (lucerne), Nasturtium officinale (watercress), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin), Papaver nudicaule (Iceland poppy), Parthenium argentatum (Guayule), Pericallis cruenta (common cineraria), Persea americana (avocado), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Petunia hybrida , Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Picea (spruces), Pinus (pines), Pinus lambertiana (big pine), Pinus mugo (mountain pine), Pinus nigra (black pine), Pinus radiata (radiata pine), Pisum spp . , Populus simonii (Simon poplar), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb cherry), Prunus persica (peach), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), St.paulia ionantha (African violet), Salvia officinalis (common sage), Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba), Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (potato), Spinacia oleracea (bayam, spinach), Syzygium samarangense (water apple), Tagetes erecta (African marigold), Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Pyrethrum), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Tulipa (tulip), Vicia villosa , Viola (violet), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zinnia elegans (zinnia)
83. Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (Duggar) Hennebert; (P): Fabaceae, Juglandaceae , Malvaceae, I bagian tanaman (part America: Mexico, USA , Venezuela (=Ozonium auricomum =O.omnivorum = hymatotrichum Rosa ceae, Umbelliferae, Abelmoschus of plant), media
omnivorum =Hydnum omnivorum) ; Anamorphic fungi; moschatus (okra, lady’s finger), Arachys tanam (planting cotton root rot, root rot of cotton, soft rot of cotton, cotton hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut, medium) soft rot, grapevine root rot peanut), Beta vulgaris var saccharifera (bit gula, sugar beet) Carya illinoinensis , Ficus
carica (ara), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Juglans regia , Malus domesticum 107
(apel , apple ), Medicago sativa , Phaseolus, Populus,Prunus spp., Pyrus communis ( pir , pear ), Salix , Ulmus , Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
84. Pyricularia setariae (Y. Nisik); (= Pyricularia grisea f. sp. (P): Eleusine coracana (finger millet), I benih (seed), bagian Asia: China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Sri eleusines ); Anamorphic fungi;blast of millet; leaf spot of Setaria italica (foxtail millet) tanaman (part of Lanka millet plant (S): Avena sativa (oat, oats), Hordeum Africa : Tanzania, Uganda vulgare (barley), Pennisetum glaucum
(pearl millet), Zea mays (jagung, maize)
85. Pythium irregulare (Buisman);Oomycetes: (P): Beta , Brassica , Fabaceae I Akar (root), batang Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Finland, Saprolegniales;dieback: carrot; cavity spot: carrot; rootlet (leguminous plants), Poaceae (grasses) (stem), bibit tanaman France, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, disease: alfalfa root-forking disease: alfalfa replant (seedling) Russia, Serbia-Montenegro, Spain, (S): Allium (garlic, leek), Allium cepa disease: apple; seedling death: damping-off; root rot Ukraine, UK (bawang bombay, onion), Alstroemeria (Inca lily), Arctium lappa (burdock), Cajanus Asia: China,Taiwan,India,Iraq, cajan (pigeon pea), Capsicum (peppers), Israel,Japan, Korea,Lebanon, Capsicum frutescens (chilli), Carthamus Malaysia,Philippines, Vietnam tinctorius (safflower), Carya illinoinensis Africa: Egypt, South Africa, Tunisia (pecan), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), America: Canada, USA,Argentina Cucumis sativus (ketimun, cucumber), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Dianthus Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua caryophyllus (anyelir, carnation), New Guinea Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tree), Fragaria (stroberi, strawberry), Gerbera (Barbeton daisy), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium (kapas, cotton), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Juniperus (junipers), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris (lentil), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Olea europaea subsp. europaea (olive), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, rice), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Phacelia , Phaseolus (beans), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Picea abies (common spruce), Pinopsida (conifers), Pinus (pines), Pisum 108
sativum (pea), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Salix (willows), Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine), Spinacia oleracea (bayam, spinach), Stylosanthes guyanensis , Trifolium vesiculosum (Arrowleaf clover), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Tulipa (tulip), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, maize)
86. Pythium splendens (Braun); Oomycetes; (P): Anacardium, Ananas cornosus (nenas, I bagian tanaman (part Europe : Belgium, France, Germany, blast of oil palm; damping-off; root rot pineapple), Anona, Anthurium, Aralia, of plant) Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, UK Degonia, Begonia, Brassica, Cajanus, Asia : China, India, Iran, Japan, Caladium, Cavalia, Carthamus tinctorius Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam (Safflower), Catlleya, Celosia, Chrysantemum (daisy), Citrus, Coleus, Africa : Congo, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Colocasia esculenta (talas, taro), Corchorus Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania (jutes), Cucumis (melons, cucumbers, gerkins), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, America: Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto oil palm), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tree), Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Brazil, Fatsia, Geranium (cranesbill), gerbera Colombia (barbeton daisy), Gossypium (kapas, Oceania Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia, cotton), Helianthus (sunflowers), Hevea New Zealand, Papaua New Guinea, brasiliensis (karet, rubber), Hordeum Samoa, Solomon Islands (barleys), Ipomoea (morning glory), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Manihot, Madicago (medic), Nerium (oleander), Nicotiana tabaccum (tembakau, Tobacco), Pawlonia, Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Persea, Phaseolus (beans), Philodendron, Pinus (pines), Piper (pepper), Pisum (pea), Polytictus, Pyrus communis (European pear), Saccharum, Schefflera (umbrella tree), Scindapsus, Solanum (nightshade), Theobroma, Tithonia, Triticum (wheat), Vicia (vetch), Vigna (cowpea), Vitis (grape), Xanthosoma sagittifolium (yautia (yellow)), Zea mays (jagung, maize), Zingiber (jahe, ginger)
109
87. Phytophthora megasperma Drechsler = Pythiomorpha (P): Actinidia deliciosa ( kiwifruit) , Asparagus I Umbi (tubers, bulb), Europe : Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, miyabeana S. Ito & Nagai; Oomycetes; root rot; crown rot; officinalis ( asparagus ), Brassica oleracea buah (fruits), polong Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, trunk canker; collar rot; apoplexy; sudden wilt; fruit rot; (cabbages, cauliflowers ), Brassica oleracea (pods), daun Macedonia, France, Greece, Ireland, stem blight; seed-piece rot; tuber rot; pod rot; black rot; var. botrytis (cauliflower ), Brassica oleracea (leaves), akar (roots), Italy, Spain, UK, Scotland blight; spear rot var. capitata ( cabbage ), Brassica oleracea batang (stems), Asia : China, India, Iran, Japan, Korea var. gemmifera ( Brussels sprouts ), Brassica organ vegetatif Republic of (South Korea), Philippines rapa subsp. pekinensis ( Pe-tsai), Daucus (vegetative organs) , carota ( carrot ), Juglans regia ( walnut ), seedling America : Canada, USA, Argentina, Chile Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato ), Malus (micropropagated domestica (apple ), Prunus armeniaca plants) dan seluruh Oceania : Australia, New Zealand (apricot) , Prunus avium ( sweet cherry ), tanaman (whole Prunus cerasus ( sour cherry ), Prunus plant). domestica ( plum) , Prunus dulcis (almond ), Prunus mahaleb ( mahaleb cherry ), Prunus persica ( peach ), Prunus salicina ( Japanese plum ), Pseudotsuga menziesii ( Douglas-fir ), Solanum tuberosum ( potato ) (S): Aesculus hippocastanum ( buckeye ), Alcea rosea (Hollyhock), Banksia , Buddleia (Butterflybush ), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower ), Castanea sativa (chestnut), Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ( Port Orford cedar ), Cicer arietinum ( chickpea ), Cytisus (Broom) , Dahlia , Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation ), Eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus tree ), Matthiola incana ( stock ), Narcissus (daffodil ), Parthenium argentatum (Guayule ), Pinus ( pines ), Ribes uva-crispa (gooseberry ), Rubus idaeus ( raspberry ), Saccharum officinarum ( sugarcane ), Sorbus aria ( whitebeam ), Sorbus aucuparia ( mountain ash ), Vicia faba ( broad bean )
88. Phytophthora megrootya Brasier & M.J Griffin; Oomycetes; (P): Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) I buah (fruit), bagian Africa: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, black pod of cocoa, seedling blight of cocoa, trunk canker tanaman (part of Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, Togo of cocoa plant)
89. Phytophthora phaseoli Thaxter; Oomycetes; (P): Phaseolus lunatus I benih (seed), bagian Europe: Italy ,Rusia Phaseolus leaf blight, collar rot of lima bean tanaman (part of Asia: Sri Lanka, Philippines
110
plant) Africa: DR Congo America: Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA
90. Plenodomus destruens Harter; foot rot of sweet potato (P): Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet I benih (seed), umbi America: Brazil, Caribbean, USA potato) (tuber)
91. Podosphaera clandestina var. clandestina (Wallr.) Lév. = Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn), Cydonia I Daun (leaves) dan Europe : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Podosphaera oxyacanthae (DC.) de Bary = Alphitomorpha oblonga (quince), Prunus armeniaca buah (fruit) Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, clandestina Wallr. = Erysiphe clandestina (Wallr.) Fr. = (apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Estonia, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Erysiphe oxyacanthae DC .; Ascomycetes; powdery mildew Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus salicina Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, of cherry; powdery mildew of hawthorn; mildew of quince (Japanese plum) Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK Asia : Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Africa : Libya, Mauritius, Morocco, Zimbabwe America : Canada, USA Oceania : Australia, New Zealand
92. Puccinia asparagi DC.; Basidiomycetes;,asparagus rust (P): Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, I bagian tanaman (part Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, asparagus) of plant) Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norwagia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia Asia: Azerbaijan, China , Taiwan , Georgia, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Philippines, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Africa: Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, 111
Uganda, Zambia America: Canada, Cuba, Dominica, Mexico, USA
93. Puccinia coronata Corda; (= Puccinia lolii =Puccinia (P): Agrostis capillaris (brown bentgrass), II Titik tumbuh Europe: Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and sertata =Puccinia coronata var. lolii =Puccinia coronata Agrostis gigantea (black bent), Agrostis (Growing points), Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, var. sertata =Puccinia alpiniae-coronata =Puccinia stolonifera (creeping bentgrass), inflorescence, daun Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, mediterranea =Puccinia coronata f. holci =Puccinia Alopecurus aequalis (Dent foxtail), (leaves) dan Corsica, Germany, Greece, Hungary, coronata var. calamagrosteos =Puccinia coronata var. Arrhenatherum elatius (false oatgrass), tanaman (whole Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, bromi = Aecidium alaterni =Aecidium cathartici =Aecidium Avena sativa (oats), Bromus erectus plant) Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, frangulae =Aecidium rhamni =Aecidium rhamni- (upright brome(grass)), Bromus tectorum Russia, Serbia-Montenegro, Slovakia, alipnae=Aecidium rhamni-infectoriae =Puccinia coronata (downy brome), Calamagrostis epigejos , Spain, Canary Islands, Sweden, var. intermedia =Puccinia pumilae-coronata =Puccinia Festuca arundinacea (reed fescue), Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, alpinae-coronata =Puccinia coronata var. avenae); Festuca ovina (sheeps fescue), Festuca Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Uredinales: Pucciniaceae; crown rust, crown rust of oat, pratensis (English bluegrass), Festuca Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, oat crown rust, leaf rust of oats rubra (red fescue), Lolium rigidum (rigid Asia: India, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, ryegrass), Phalaris canariensis Mongolia, Uzbekistan (Canarygrass), Phleum pratense (timothy), Secale cereale (rye), Trisetum flavescens Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, (yellow oatgrass) Morocco, Tanzania (S): Rhamnus caroliniana (Carolina America: Canada, Mexico, USA, buckthorn), Rhamnus cathartica Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay (buckthorn), Rhamnus frangula (alder buckthorn), turfgrasses Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
94. Pyrenochaeta terrestris (Hans) Gorenz, Walker& Larson; (P): Allium spp. I tanaman (plant), Europe: Netherlands, Greece, Poland, Anamorphic fungi; onion pink root bagian tanaman (part Israel (S): Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, of plant), media asparagus), Triticum aestivum (gandum, Africa: Senegal tanam (planting wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) medium) America: Argentina ,USA, Venezuela Oceania: Australia
95. Rosellinia necatrix Prill.; (= Dematophora necatrix) ; (P): Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, kiwi fruit), I tanaman (plant), Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Ascomycetes; dematophora root rot, white root rot of trees Begonia , Boehmeria nivea ( rami, ramie), bagian tanaman (part France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Citrus spp., of plant), media Portugal, Romania, Southern Russia,
Cydonia oblonga , Cynara scolymus tanam (planting Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, (artisyok, artichoke), Cyclamen, Dianthus , medium) Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Eriobotrya japonica , Ficus carica , Fragaria Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, vesca (arbei, strawberry), Jasminum Asia: China,Taiwan, Georgia, India, Iran, sambac ( melati, jasmine), Malus 112
domesticum ( apel , apple ), Morus, Iraq, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Narcissus , Olea europea sub sp . europea Lebanon, Philippines, Turkey (zaitum, olive), Paeonia, Populus , Prunus Africa: Central Africa, DR Congo, cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Pyrus communis Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, (pir , pear ), Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Viola, Nigeria, South Africa, Réunion Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) America: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, (S): cerealia, Abies alba , Acacia, Acer, Dominica, Mexico, USA Aesculus, Annona,Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, asparagus), Beta vulgaris var Oceania: New Zealand saccharifera (bit gula, sugar beet), Berberis , Brassica oleracea capitata (kubis, cabbage), Ceanothus megacarpus , Cedrus atlantica , Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Castanea sativa , Cotoneaster , Carya , Corylus avellana , Cyperus esculentus , Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Diospyros, Eucalyptus, Fagus,Feijoa sellowiana, Fragaria, Gladiolus hybrids, Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Humulus lupulus , Hyacinthus , Ilex aquifolium , Iris, Juglans , Juglans regia , Ixia, Lavandula , Larix decidua , Ligustrum vulgare , Laurus nobilis , Malus , Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Macadamia , Medicago sativa , Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Passiflora quadrangularis (markisa, passion- fruit, granadilla), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Pelargonium, Phaseolus , Pistacia vera , Picea abies , Piper nigrum (lada, pepper), Pinus merkusii (tusam, pinetree), Platanus , buah batu (stone fruit), Protea , Punica granatum (delima, pomegranate), Pyracantha , Pyrus communis ( pir , pear ), azalea, Ribes , Rubus spp., Rumex, Salix , Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorbus aucuparia , Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), Crocosmia crocosmiiflora , Tulipa, Ulmus , Viburnum, Vicia, Vitis , Zea mays (jagung,
113
corn, maize), Ziziphus jujuba , Zantedeschia
114
96. Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) J. Schrot; (= (P): Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), Zea II Bagian tanaman (part Europe: Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia, Sclerospora graminicola var. setariae-italicae = mexicana (teosinte) of plant) France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Protomyces graminicola = Peronospora graminicola = Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, (S): Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), Zea Peronospora setariae = Ustilago urbani ); Oomycetes; Russia (Europe), Spain, Switzerland, mays (maize) downy mildew of pearl millet; green ear Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Pakistan, Yemen Africa: Burkina Faso, Chad, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Gambia, Ghana, Malawi, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe America: Puerto Rico, Canada, Mexico, USA, Hawaii, Argentina Oceania: Fiji
97. Sclerophthora macrospora (Sacc.) Thirum., C.G. Shaw & (P): Avena sativa (oat, oats), Eleusine II Media tanam Europe : Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Naras; (=Sclerospora oryzae = Phytophthora coracana (finger millet), Hordeum vulgare (Growing Medium Italy, Poland, Serbia-Montenegro, macrospora = Sclerospora kriegeriana =Nozemia (barley), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, rice), Accompanying Slovenia, Switzerland. macrospora = Sclerospora macrospora); Oomycetes; Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), Plants), Bunga Asia : China, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, downy mildew; crazy top of maize; yellow wilt of rice; Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), (Flowers/Inflorescenc Kazakhstan, Korea, Pakistan, Syria, witches' broom on maize Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Triticum es/Cones/Calyx), Thailand, Turkey. (wheat), Tritcum aestivum (gandum, wheat), daun (Leaves), akar Zea mays (jagung, maize). (Roots), batang Africa : Ethiopia, Mauritius, South Africa, (Stems (above (S): Bromus inermis (Awnless brome), Digitaria Uganda. sanguinalis (large crabgrass), Echinochloa crus- Ground)/Shoots/Trun ks/Branches), benih American: Cuba, Canada, Mexico, USA, galli (barnyard grass), Eleusine indica (goose Brazil, Peru, Venezuela. grass) Elymus repens (quackgrass) Eragrostis (True Seeds (inc. (lovegrasses), Lolium temulentum (darnel), Grain)) Oceania : Australia, New Zealand Panicum capillare (tumble panicgrass), Poa (meadow grass), Setaria viridis (green foxtail), Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalograss)
98. Sclerotium cepivorum Berk. [anamorph] = Stromatinia (P): Allium (onions, garlic, leek, etc.), I Umbi (bulb), Titik Europe : Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, cepivorum ( Berk.) Whetzel [teleomorph]; white rot of Alliumcepa (onion), Allium cepa var. tumbuh (Growing Czech Republic and Slovakia , Denmark, onion and garlic; onion white root rot; bulb rot of onion; aggregatum (shallot ), Allium fistulosum (Welsh points), daun Finland, France, Germany, Greece, 115
Allium white rot; onion white rot onion), Allium porrum (leek), Allium sativum (leaves), akar (roots), Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, (garlic), Allium schoenoprasum (chives) batang (stems) dan Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia and seluruh bagian Montenegro, Spain, Sweden, tanaman (whole Switzerland, UK plant). Asia : China, India, Iran, Japan, Philippines Africa : Egypt, Libya, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe America : Canada, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Guyana, Uruguay, Venezuela Oceania : Australia, New Zealand
99. Septoria pisi Westend; Anamorphic fungi; septoria (P): Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Vicia I benih (seed), bagian Europe: Denmark, Finland, Ireland, blight/blotch faba tanaman (part of Norway, Sweden plant) America: Canada, USA Oceania: New Zealand
100. Septoria selenophomoides Cash & Watson; Anamorphic (P): Orchidaceae I tanaman (plant), America fungi; leaf spot bagian tanaman (part of plant)
101. Sphaceloma arachidis bitanc & Jenkins; Anamorphic (P): Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, I tanaman (plant), Asia: China, Japan fungi; groundnut scab, peanut scab, scab of groundnut, groundnut, peanut) bagian tanaman (part Africa: Swaziland scab: groundnut of plant) America: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia
102. Sphacelotheca reiliana (J. G. Kühn) Clinton; (=Cintractia (P): Sorghum Sudanense , Sorghum bicolor I benih (seed), bagian Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, reiliana =Sorosporium holci-sorghi=Sorosporium (sorgum, sorghum), Zea mays (jagung, corn, tanaman (part of Czech, Slovakia, Estonia, Serbia, reilianum = Sphacelotheca holci-sorghi =Sporisorium holci- maize) plant), media tanam Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and sorghi =S.reilianum =Ustilago holci-sorghi =Ustilago reiliana) ; (planting medium) Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, (S): Andropogon , Zea mexicana Basidiomycetes; head smut of maize, loose smut France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine Asia: Bhutan, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, 116
Philippines, Yemen Africa: Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, DR Congo, Egypt, Erythrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, USA, Uruguay Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea
103. Sphenospora saphena Cummins; Basidiomycetes; rust (P): Oncydium orchids I tanaman (plant), America: USA bagian tanaman (part of plant)
104. Sphenospora kevorkianii ; Basidiomycetes; rust (P): Orchidaceae ( Cattleya, Epidendrum ) I tanaman (plant), America: USA, Nicaragua, Bahama, bagian tanaman (part Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia. of plant)
105. Sporisorium cruentum (J.G. Kühn) Vanky; (P): Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) I biji (grain), bagian Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, (=Sphacelotheca cruenta =S.holci =Ustilago cruenta); tanaman (part of Slovakia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, (S): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) Basidiomycetes; loose kernel smut, loose smut, plant), media tanam Italy, Poland, Rusia, Serbia, Slovenia, sorghum loose kernel smut (planting medium) Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Asia: Afghanistan, China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Lebanon, Myanmar, Pakistan, Turkey, Yemen Africa: Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa, Chad, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, 117
Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, USA ,Venezuela
106. Stemphylium vesicarium (Wallr.) E.G. Simmons = (P): Allium cepa (onion), Allium cepa var. I Umbi (bulb), buah Europe : Belgium, Cyprus, France, Pleospora allii (Rabenh.) Ces. & De Not. aggregatum (shallot), Allium sativum (garlic), (fruits), polong Greece, Italy , Netherlands, Portugal, [teleomorph];Anamorphic fungi; onion leaf blight; garlic Asparagus officinalis (asparagus), Glycine (pods), daun (leaves) Spain, Sweden, UK leaf blight; purple spot of asparagus; brown spot of pear; max (soyabean), Lycopersicon esculentum dan batang (stems). Asia : China, India, Iraq, Israel, Japan, garlic leaf spot; onion leaf spot; asparagus leaf spot; (tomato), Mangifera indica (mango), Medicago Korea Republic of (South Korea) , Stemphylium blight of onion; leaf blight: onion; purple sativa (lucerne), Medicago tribuloides (barrel Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, spot: Asparagus spp. medic), Pyrus communis (European pear) United Arab Emirates, (S): Aster Africa : Egypt, Senegal , South Africa,
America : Jamaica, Canada, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Venezuela Oceania : Australia, New Zealand, Tonga, Vanuatu
107. Stenocarpella maydis (Berk) B. Sutton; (P): Zea diploperennis , Zea mays (jagung, I benih (seed), bagian Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech, Italy, (= Diplodia zeae = Diplodia maydis= Macrodiplodia zeae maize), Zea may s subsp. mays (sweetcorn) tanaman (part of Serbia-Montenegro, UK. = Hendersonia zeae =Diplodia zeae-maydis =Sphaeria plant) Asia: China, India, Iran, Japan, South maydis =Sphaeria zeae =Diplodia maydicola = Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand. Phaeostagonosporopsis zeae) ; Oomycetes; ear rot of maize; leaf spot of maize; stalk rot of maize; seedling Africa: Congo, DR Congo, Ethiopia, blight of maize; leaf blight of maize; leaf blight of Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, South Sorghum spp.; leaf spot of grasses; Diplodia ear and Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, stalk rot; white ear rot of maize Zimbabwe
America: Belize, Honduras, Canada, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
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108. Stromatinia gladioli (Drayton) Whetzel; (=Sclerotinia (P): Gladiolus spp. I bagian tanaman (part Europe: UK gladioli =Sclerotium gladioli); Ascomycetes; gladiolus of plant) Africa: South Africa dry rot
109. Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Percival; (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato ) I umbi (tuber/corm), Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium,Czech, (=Chrysophlyctis endobiotica =Synchytrium solani) ; bagian tanaman (part Denmark, Estonia,Faroe Islands, Finland, (S): Solanum nigrum , Solanum dulcamara , Chytridiomycetes; black wart of potato, potato black of plant), media Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Hyoscyamus niger , Nicandra physalcides, scab, potato wart disease, wart disease of potato tanam (planting Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato) medium) Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Asia: Armenia, Bhutan, India, Nepal Africa: Algeria, South Africa, Tunisia America: Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Falkland Islands, Peru, USA, Oceania: New Zealand
110. Thecaphora solani (Thirum & M.J. O'Brien) Mordue; (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) I umbi (tuber), bagian America: Bolivia,Chile, Colombia, (=Angiosorus solani) ; Basidiomycetes; potato smut, tanaman (part of Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, thecaphora smut plant), media tanam Venezuela (planting medium)
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111. Tilletia indica Mitra; (=Neovossia indica) ; (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) I biji (grain), bagian Asia: Afghanistan, India, Iran, Iraq, Basidiomycetes; Karnal bunt of wheat, Indian bunt of tanaman (part of Nepal, Pakistan wheat, partial bunt of wheat, new bunt plant) Africa: South Africa, Mexico, USA
112. Tilletia laevis J. G. Kühn; (=Tilletia foetens =Tilletia (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) I biji (grain), bagian Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, foetida =Ustilago foetens) ; Basidiomycetes; common tanaman (part of Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Finland, . bunt, complete bunt, covered smut, hill bunt, smooth- plant) Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and spored wheat bunt, stinking bunt, stinking wheat smut Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Lebanon, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Africa: Algeria, Angola, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Libya, Morocco, Somalia, South Africa, Tunisia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela, Oceania : Australia, New Zealand
113. Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) G. Winter; (=Tilletia caries= Uredo (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) I benih (seed), bagian Europe: Austria, Belgium ,Bulgaria, caries); Basidiomycetes; complete bunt, covered smut, tanaman (part of Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia, (S): Agropyron spp., Bromus spp., Elymus spp., hill bunt, rough-spored wheat bunt, stinking smut, wheat plant) Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Festuca spp., Hordeum spp., Poa spp. bunt, common bunt Germany,Greece ,Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia
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Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bhutan, China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Mongolia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Uzbekistan Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
114. Trachysphaera fructigena Tabor & Bunting; Oomycetes; (P): Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa), I buah (fruit) Africa: Cameroon,Central Africa, Chad, cigar end rot of banana, berry rot of coffee, fungus rot of Musa spp. DR Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, banana, mealy pod of cacao, fruit rot of coffee, pod rot Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, (S): Pyrus, Prunus, Malus and Citrus , Coffea of cacao Guinea, Madagascar, Nigeria, Sierra spp. (kopi, coffee), Persea americana Leone (alpokat, avocado)
115. Uredo behnickiana Henn; Basidiomycetes; rust (P): Orchidaceae I tanaman (plant), America: USA, Cuba. bagian tanaman (part of plant)
116. Uredo epidendri Henn.; Basidiomycetes; rust (P): Orchidaceae I tanaman (plant), America: USA bagian tanaman (part of plant)
117. Uredo nigropuncta Henn (=Sphenospora kevorkianii); (P): Orchidaceae I tanaman (plant), America: Argentina, Brazil , USA Basidiomycetes; rust bagian tanaman (part of plant)
118. Urocystis agropyri (Preuss) J. Schröt.; (=Tuburcinia (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) I benih/biji Europe: Baltic area, Bulgaria, Cyprus, tritici =Uredo agropyri =Urocystis occulta =Urocystis tritici (seed/grain), bagian Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, (S): Agropyron , Elymus repens , Agropyron =Tuburcinia agropyri); Basidiomycetes ; flag smut, flag smut of tanaman (part of Finlania, France, Greece, Hungary, smithii , Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris, wheat, batang (stem) smut, stripe smut Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, 121
Agrostis capillaris , Alopecurus , Avena sativa plant) Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, (oat, oats ) , Bromus carinatus, Bromus Romania, Rusia, Spain, Sweden, marginatus , Carex , Dactylis glomerata , Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Elymus, Festuca rubra , Lolium , Phleum Asia: Afghanistan, China,Taiwan, India, pratense , Poa spp., Trisetum Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan , Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal ,Pakistan, Syria, Turkey, Uzbekistan Africa: Algeria, Egypt,Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia America: Argentina, Canada, Chile, Falkland Islands, Greenland, Guatemala, Mexico, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
119. Urocystis cepulae Frost.; (=Tuburcinia cepulae = (P): Allium spp. I umbi (corm), bagian Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Urocystis colchici var. cepulae =Urocystis magica tanaman (part of Czech, Slovakia, Malta, Denmark, =Urocystes cepulae); Basidiomycetes; leek smut, onion plant) Finlania, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, smut Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Rusia, Slovakia,Sweden, Switzerland,
UK,Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Tajikistan, Thailand Africa: Egypt, Gabon, Morocco America: Canada,Chile, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, USA Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
120. Urocystis gladiolicola Ainsworth; Basidiomycetes; smut (P): Gladiolus spp. I tanaman (plant), bagian Asia: Iran tanaman (part of plant)
121. Ustilago nuda f.sp tritici (Schaffnit); ( (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat) I benih (seed), bagian Europe: Ireland, Rusia, Switzerland, UK = Ustilago nuda f.sp. hordei ); Basidiomycetes; barley tanaman (part of Asia: China, India, Pakistan loose smut plant) Africa: Egypt
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America: Canada, USA Oceania: Australia
122. Ustilago violacea (Pers.) Roussel; (=Microbotryum (P): Silene pratensis , Cerastium, I tanaman (plant), Europe: Sweden, violaceum) ; Basidiomycetes; Caryophyllaceae anther Dyanthus, Caryophyllaceae bagian tanaman (part America: North America, USA smut of plant)
123. Zygophiala jamaicensis Mason ( =Schizothyrium pomi = (P): Citrus , Diospyros , Malus domesticum I tanaman (plant), Asia: China, India,Japan Leptothyrium pomi) ; Basidiomycetes, greasy blotch, (apel , apple ), Pyrus communis ( pir , pear ) bagian tanaman (part America: USA flyspeck of plant)
124. Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G.Winter; (P): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ) I buah (fruit), bagian Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, (=Sphaerella cinerascens =Sphaeria cinerascens tanaman (part of Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, (S): Crataegus laevigata , Cotoneaster, Malus, =Fusicladium pomi =Helminthosporium pir inum plant) Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Pyracantha , =Spilocaea pomi) ; Ascomycetes; apple scab, apple Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Malta, black spot, apple scab Pyrus communis ( pir , pear ), Sorbus, Viburnum Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Asia: Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Iran, Iraq , Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, USA, Uruguay Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
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IV. BAKTERI / BACTERIAL DAN FITOPLASMA / PHYTOPLASMA
NO. NAMA ILMIAH/SINONIM/FAMILI/ NAMA UMUM/ INANG/ GOL/ MEDIA PEMBAWA/ DAERAH SEBAR/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/COMMON NAME HOST GROUP PATHWAY GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1. Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Manns) Willems et al .; (P): Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Citrullus I benih/biji Asia: Turkey. (=Pseudomonas avenae subsp. citrulli = vulgaris (semangka, watermelon), (seed/grain), buah America: USA P.pseudoalcaligenes sub sp. citrulli); Burkholderiales, Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu parang, (fruit), batang (stem) Comamonadaceae; busuk buah, fruit blotch, fruit rot pumpkin), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, Oceania: Australia, Guam, Northern cucumber) Mariana Island
2. Burkholderia gladioli Yabuuchi et al .; (= Pseudomonas (P): G ladiolus spp. I umbi (tuber/corm), Asia: China, Japan. gladioli); Burkholderiales: Burkholderiacea; leaf spot of tanah (soil) Africa: Algeria. orchids; soft rot of orchids; bacterial crown rot of lisianthus; busuk umbi America: USA
3. Burkholderia andropogonis (Smith) Gillis et al .; (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), I bunga (flower), Europe: Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Russia. (=Aplanobacter stizolobii =Bacterium andropogonis Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), tunas (bud), Asia: China, Iraq, Japan, Pakistan,
=B.stizolobii =B.woodsii =Phytobacterium andropogonis Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), meristem cultures. Philippines, Thailand. =P.stizolobii=P.woodsii =Phytomonas andropogonis, Dianthus spp. (anyelir, carnation), Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritania, =P.stizolobii =P.woodsii =Pseudomonas andropogonis Bougainvillea spp. (bogenvil, baugenville) Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, =P.andropogonis pv. stizolobii=P.stizolobii Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. =P.woodsii); Burkhoderiales: Burkholderiacea; bacterial America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, leaf stripe, leaf striping Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia, Federasi Micronesia, New Zealand.
4. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (Vidaver & (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), I benih/bij (seed/grain), America: Canada, USA Mandel) Davis et al. ; (=Corynebacterium michiganense pv. Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), semua bagian nebraskensis =C.michiganense subsp. nebraskense Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) tanaman (all parts of =C.nebraskense); Actynomycetales: plants) Microbacteriaceae;bacterial stripe, leaf freckles and wilt 124
5. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) I umbi (tuber/corm), Europe: Austria, Belarus, Croatia, (Spieckermann & Kotthoff) Davis et al.; (=Aplanobacter benih/biji Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, (S): Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, sepedonicus =Bacterium sepedonicum =Corynebacterium (seed/grain), media Finland, France, Germany, Greece, tomato), Solanum melongena (terung, michiganense pv. sepedonicum =C. michiganense subsp . tanam (planting Crete, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, eggplant) sepedonicum =C.sepedonicum =Mycobacterium medium), bagian Norway, Poland, Russia, Siberia, sepedonicum =Phytomonas sepedonica tanaman lainnya Sweden, Ukraine. =Pseudobacterium sepedonicum); Actynomycetales : (other part of plant), Asia: China, Taiwan, Japan, Kazakhstan, Microbacteriaceae; bacterial ring rot tanah (soil) Korea, Nepal, Uzbekistan.
America: Canada, USA, Venezuela.
6. Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Hedges) (P): Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Zea I Benih/biji (seed/ Europe: Romania, Russia. Collins & Jones; (=Bacterium flaccumfaciens = mays (jagung, corn, maize), Vigna radiata grain), planlet, buah Africa: Mauritius, Tunisia Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens = (kacang hijau, mungbean), Vigna spp. (fruit), batang (stem) C.flaccumfaciens =C.flaccumfaciens ssp. flaccumfaciens (buncis, cowpea) America: Brazil, Colombia, USA, =Phytomonas flaccumfaciens =Pseudomonas Venezuela. flaccumfaciens) ; Actynomycetales: Microbacteriaceae; Oceania: Australia bacterial wilt
7. Erwinia amylovora (Burrill); (=Bacillus amylovorus (P): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), I tunas (bud), planlet, Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, =Bacterium amylovorum =Erwinia amylovora f.sp. rubi Prunus dulcis ( almon, almond), Prunus buah (fruit), bunga Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
=Micrococcus amylovorus) ; Enterobacteriales: americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus (flower), daun (leaf), Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Enterobacteriaceae, fire blight cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Pyrus communis batang (stem) France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, (pir , pear ), Prunus persica (persik, peach), Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Amelanchier spp., Cydonia oblonga , Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Rubus spp., Sorbus spp. Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia. Asia: Armenia, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Libanon, Turkey. Africa: Egypt. America:Bermuda, Guatemala, Mexico, USA Oceania: New Zealand
8. Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Van Hall) Jennison; (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) I umbi (tuber/corm), Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, (=Erwinia caricae =Bacillus atrosepticus = Bacillus daun (leaf), akar Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, (S): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, 125
melanogenes =B.phytophthorus =Bacterium atrosepticum sugarcane), Brassica ceae, Allium (root), batang (stem), Finland, France, Germany, Greece, =B.carotovorum =B.carotovorum var. atrosepticum ascalonicum (bawang merah, shallot), bagian lain dari Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, =B.melanogenum =B.phytophthorum =Erwinia carotovora Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, tanaman (other part Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, =E.carotovora pv. atroseptica =E.dahliae =E.melonis asparagus), Carica papaya (pepaya, of plant), tanah (soil). Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, =E.papayae =E.phytophthora =E.phytophthorus pawpaw), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, =Pectobacterium atrosepticum =P.carotovorum Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and =P.carotovorum var. atrosepticum =P.carotovorum var. Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Glycine max Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia. carotovorum =P.phytophthorum =Erwinia atroseptica (kedelai, soybean), Helianthus annuus Asia: Azerbaijan, Bhutan, China, India, =E.carotovora var. atroseptica) ; Enterobacteriales: (bunga matahari, sunflower), Iris spp., Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Libanon, Enterobacteriaceae; blackleg Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Philippines, Turkey, Vietnam. Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Vigna spp. Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Mauritius, (buncis, cowpea), Zea mays (jagung, corn, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, maize) Tanzania, Tunisia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, France West Indies, Guadeloupe, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Peru, St. Lucia, Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad, Tobago, USA. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
9. Erwinia tracheiphila (Holland) Smith; (P): Cucumis sativus (mentimun, I bunga (flower), daun Europe: Czech, Slovakia, Lithuania, (=Bacillus tracheiphilus Smith =Bacillus tracheiphilus f.sp. cucumber), Cucumis melo (melon, melon), (leaf), akar (root), Russia.
cucumis =Bacterium tracheiphilum =Erwinia amylovora labu, Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu batang (stem), Asia: China, Iraq, Japan, Korea, var. tracheiphila) ; Enterobacteriales: Entero bacteriaceae; parang, pumpkin), Citrullus vulgaris bagian tanaman (part Thailand. bacterial wilt (semangka, watermelon), Cucurbitaceae of plant), Africa: DR Congo, South Africa, lainnya America: Canada, Honduras, Peru, USA. Vector: Oceania: Australia. Acalymma vittata
10. Pantoea agglomerans(=Bacterium herbicola Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), Oryza I buah (fruit), polong Europe : France, Germany, Poland, =B.typhiflavum =Corynebacterium beticola =Enterobacter sativa (padi, paddy ), Zea mays (jagung, (pod), bagian Spain, UK. agglomerans =E.agglomerans pv. millettiae =Erwinia corn, maize), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, tanaman (part of Asia : Israel, Japan, Saudi Arabia. herbicola =E.herbicola pv. millettiae=E.lathyri lucerne), Allium spp. (bawang-bawangan), plant) =E.mangiferae =E.millettiae =E. vitivora =Flavobacterium Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) Africa : Egypt. herbicola =F.rhenanum =F.trifolii =Kurthia baccarinii (P): Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), =Pantoea agglomerans pv. millettiae =Phytomonas itoana America : Barbados, Cuba, USA. Malus sylvestris (apel, apple), Pyrus =Pseudomonas herbicola =P.itoana 126
=P.trifolii=Xanthomonas cosmosicola =X.indica =X.itoana communis (pi r, pear) Oceania : New Zealand. =X.maydis =X.oryzae =X.penniseti =X. rubrisorghi (S): Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s =X.tagetis=X.translucens f.sp. oryzae =X.trifolii); finger), Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Enterobacteriales : Enterobacteriaceae; bacterial Impatiens balsamina , Lathyrus odoratus , grapevine blight, bacterial rice leaf blight, pink disease of Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, pineapple tomato), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy ), Setaria italica , Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Carthamus tinctorius , Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Hordeum vulgare , Morus, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato)
11. Pantoea ananas pv. a nanas Walcott et al. ; (=Bacillus (P): Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), I tunas (bud), buah Asia: China, Taiwan, Malaysia, ananas =Bacterium ananas =Chromobacterium ananas = Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), (fruit), biji (grain) Philippines.
Erwinia ananas=E.herbicola var. ananas =Pectobacterium Cucumis melo (melon, melon) Africa: Nigeria. ananas ; Enterobacteriales : Entero bacteriaceae; brown (S): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) rot, fruit let rot, pink disease America: Brazil, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA. Oceania: Australia
12. Pantoea ananas pv . uredovora Walcott et al ., (=Erwinia (P): Avena sativa (jelai, oat), Secale I Benih/ biji (seed/ Europe: Hungary ananas pv. uredovora =E.urediniolytica =E.uredovora cereale (rye) , Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) grain), tunas (bud) Africa: Zimbabwe =Xanthomonas uredovora) , Enterobacteriales : America: USA Enterobacteriaceae ; oats rust, rye rust Oceania: Australia
13. Pantoea stewartii (Smith) Mergaert et al .; (=Aplanobacter (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Zea I benih/biji Europe: Austria stewartii =Bacillus stewartii =Bacterium stewartii =Erwinia mexicana (teosinte) (seed/grain), bunga Asia: China, India, Malaysia, Thailand, stewartii =Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii =Phytomonas (flower), daun (leaf), (S): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, Vietnam stewartii =Pseudobacterium stewartii =Pseudomonas akar (root), batang sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, stewartii =Xanthomonas stewartii) ; Enterobacteriales : (stem) America: Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Costa sorghum), Triticum aestivum (gandum, Enterobacteriaceae, bacterial leaf blight of maize, bacterial Rica, Guyana, Mexico, Peru, Puerto wheat), Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, 127
wilt of maize, maize bacteriosis, Stewart's wilt mungbean), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, Vector: Rico, USA cucumber), Agrotis alba, Avena sativa,, Agrotis Coix lacryma, Echinochloa americana, manchus,Chaetocne Trapsacum spp., Panicum spp., ma denticulata,C.pulicari s,Diabrotica nigricornis, D. undecimpuctata, D. versifera, Hylemya cilicrura
14. Pectobacterium rhapontici (Millard 1924) Patel & Kulkarni (P) : Rheum hybridum (rhubarb), Triticum I Benih (seed) Europe : Belgium, Czech Republic and 1951 (= Erwinia rhapontici = Erwinia carotovora var. (wheat), Triticum aestivum (wheat) Slovakia , France, Italy (Sardinia), rhapontici =Aplanobacter rhapontici = Bacillus rhapontici = Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, (S) : Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), Bacterium rhapontici = Phytomonas rhapontici = Ukraine, UK (England, Wales) Allium sativum (bawang putih, garlic), Beta Pseudobacterium rhapontici = Xanthomonas rhapontici ); vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet), Asia : Iran, Israel, Jepan, Korea, Enterobacteriales; Enterobacteriaceae; rhubarb crown rot; Cichorium (chicory), Cyclamen persicum Malaysia wheat pink seed; cereal pink grain (cyclamens), Dianthus (carnation), America : North America (Canada), Hippeastrum , Hyacinthus orientalis Mexico, USA (hyacinth), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Morus (mulberrytree), Oceania : Australia Morus alba (mora), Pisum sativum (pea), Pyrus (pears), Armoracia rusticana (horseradish), Amaranthus hybridus (smooth pigweed)
15. Pseudomonas rubrisubalbicans North. & Smith; (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, I daun (leaf), batang Asia: Sri Lanka (=Bacterium rubrisubalbicans =Herbaspirillum sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, (stem) Africa: Angola, Benin, Central Africa, rubrisubalbicans =Phytomonas rubrisubalbicans sorghum), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Malawi,
Mauritius, Nigeria, Réunion, South Africa, =Xanthomonas rubrisubalbicans) ;Pseudomonadales: Tanzania Pseudomonadaceae; mottled stripe, bacterial leaf stripe America: Barbados, Brazil, Colombia, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto Rico, USA, Venezuela Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand
128
16. Pseudomonas savastanoi pv . phaseolicola (P) : Phaseolus acutifolius (tepary bean) , I Buah (Fruits/pods), Europe : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, (Burkholder)Gardan et al.(= Pseudomonas syringae pv. Phaseolus coccineus (runner bean), growing points, daun Czech Republic and Slovakia , Denmark, phaseolicola =Pseudomonas phaseolicola = Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus (leaves), benih Frence, Germany, Greece, Serbia, Pseudomonas medicaginis = Pseudomonas medicaginis vulgaris ( common bean) (seeds), batang Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and var. phaseolicola =Bacterium medicaginis var . (stems) and seluruh Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, (S) : Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), phaseolicola = Phytomonas medicaginis var . phaseolicola bagian tanaman Hungary, Ireland,Italy , Jersey, Lithuaina, Centrosema, Desmodium (tick clovers), =Phytomonas puerariae = Pseudomonas medicaginis f.sp. (whole plant) Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Lablab phaseolicola = Xanthomonas medicaginis var. (Russia (Europe)), Spain, Sweeden, purpureus (hyacinth bean), Pisum sativum phaseolicola = Pseudomonas vignae = Phytomonas Switzerland, UK (Channel Islands) (pea), Pueraria var. lobata (kudzu), Vigna vignae = Bacterium puerariae = Xanthomonas angularis (adzuki bean), Vigna radiata Asia : Georgia, India, Israel, Japan, phaseolicola = Pseudomonas cerasi (=cerasus) = (mung bean), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turki, Yaman Pseudomonas holci ; Pseudomonadales; Pseudomonadaceae; halo blight (of beans); grease spot Africa :Burundi, DR Congo, Egypt, (of beans) Ethiopia,Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius (Rodriguez Island), Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Rwanda, Swaziland,Tanzania, Uganda,Zambia,Zimbabwe. America : Central America & Caribbiean (Barbadis,Costa Rica, Guadeloupe, Dominican Republic, Martinique, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), North America (Canada), Mexico, USA, Hawaii, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela Oceania : Australia, Fiji, New Zealand
17. Pseudomonas syringae pv. coriandricola Toben & Rudolph; (P): Coriandrum sativum (ketumbar, I benih (seed), bagian Europe: Germany Pseudomonadales : Pseudomonadaceae; leaf blight, coriander) tanaman lain (other Oceania: Australia bacterial blight part of plant)
18. Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae Teix. & Pinh.; (= P. (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee). I planlet, bagian Africa: Kenya garcae ); Pseudomonadales : tanaman (part of (S): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, America: Brazil Pseudomonadaceae;bacterial leaf spot, bacterial blight of plant) cotton), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), coffee Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Vigna spp. (kacang panjang, cowpea), 129
Hibiscus esculentus , Physalis florianda
19. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (McCulloch) Young (P): Brassica oleracea var. botrytis subvar. I bagian tanaman (part Europe: Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia, et al. ; (=Bacterium maccullochianum = B.maculicola cymosa (broccoli), Brassica oleracea of plant) Denmark, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, =B.maculicola var. japonicum = Phytomonas maculicola capitata (kubis, cabbage), Brassica rapa Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, =Pseudomonas maculicola) ; Pseudomonadales: gongylodes (kohlrabi), Brassica rapa sub Montenegro, Macedonia, Germany, Italy, Pseudomonadaceae; pepper spot, leaf spot sp. rapa (turnip, turnip), Brassica juncea Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Rusia, var. juncea , Brassica nigra , Brassica Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, oleracea var. viridis , Brassica oleracea var. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, gemmifera , Brassica rapa sub sp. Macedonia pekinensis , Raphanus sativus Asia: China, Georgia (Republic), Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Korea Republic of (South Korea), Southeast Asia, Turkey Africa: Algeria, Algeria, Mauritius, Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Bermuda, Brazil, Karibia, Cuba, El Salvador, North America, Puerto Rico, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana, USA, Canada Oceania: Australia, Palau, Micronesia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea
20. Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum (Wormald) (P) : Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus I Buah (Fruits/pods), Eroupe : Czech Republic, Czech Young et al. (= Pseudomonas mors-prunorum = domestica (plum), Prunus salicina inflorescence, daun Republic and Slovakia , Denmark, Agrobacterium mors-prunorum = Bacterium mors- (Japanese plum) (leaves) and batang Finland, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, (stems). Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, prunorum = Phytomonas mors-prunorum ; (S) : Prunus cerasus (sour cherry) Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Pseudomonadales; Pseudomonadaceae; bacterial canker Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, of stone fruits; leaf spot of stone fruits; shoot wilt of stone Ukraina, Russia , Frence, fruits; gummosis; blossom blast Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy,Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Romania, Sweden, Serbia and Montenegro, Ukraine, UK, Switzerland
130
Asia : India, Japan , Libanon Africa : South Africa America : North America (Canada), USA Oceania : Australia
21. Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi (=Bacterium pisi= (P): Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), I planlet, kulit kayu Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech, Chlorobacter pisi =Phytomonas pisi =Pseudomonas pisi) ; Lathyrus , Pisum sativum var. arvense (bark), buah (fruit), Denmark, France, Germany, Greece,
Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae; bacterial pea bunga (flower), daun Hungary, Italy, Caldarera, Sicily, (S): Vicia benghalensis , Lablab purpureus , blight (leaf), tanaman Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Lathyrus latifolius , Lathyrus odoratus, Vicia (plant), batang Portugal, Romania, Russia, Southern spp., Cynodon dactylon, Galium aparine, (stem), benih (seed). Rusia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine, Reseda lutea, Digitaria sanguinalis, UK (England, Wales), Serbia, Slovenia, Lepidium campestre. Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Asia: Armenia, Georgia, India, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Libanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Syria Africa: Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, USA, Uruguay Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand
22. Pseudomonas syringae pv . theae (Hori) Young et al. ; (P): Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) I bagian tanaman (part Asia: Japan (=Bacillus theae =Erwinia theae =Innominatus theae of plant)
=Pseudomonas theae); Pseudomonadales : Pseudomonadaceae; shoot blight, bacterial batang (stem) blight, bacterial tea blight, red blight, tea bacterial leaf spot
23. Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae ( van Hall) Young et (P): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), I Benih (Seed), semua Europe: Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, al .; (=Bacillus cerasi =B.gummis =B.matthiolae Prunus spp., Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), bagian tanaman (all Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark,
=B.spongiosus =Bacterium cerasi =B.cerasi var. prunicola Syringa vulgaris , Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, parts of plant), media Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and =B.citrarefaciens =B.citriputeale =B.gummis =B.hibisci sorghum), Aconitum spp., Abelmoschus tanam (planting Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, =B.holci = B.nectalaphilum =B.prunicola =B.rimaefaciens moschatus (okra, lady’s finger) , Vernicia medium) France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, =B.spongiosum =B.syringae =B.trifoliorum =B.utiformica fordii , Allium spp., Alnus glutinosa , Arbutus Ireland, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, =B.vignae =B.vignae var. leguminophilum =B.viridifaciens spp., Aralia spp., Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, =Chlorobacter syringae =Phytomonas cerasi =P.cerasi kiwi fruit), Atriplex hortensis , Beta vulgaris 131
var. prunicola =P.citrarefaciens =P.citriputealis =P.hibisci var saccharifera (bit gula, sugar beet), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK =P.holci =P.matthiolae =P.nectalaphila =P.prunicola Betula pendula , Brassica rapa subsp. Asia: Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, India, =P.rimaefaciens =P.spongiosa =P.syringae=P.trifoliorum pekinensis (pe-tsai), Carthamus tinctorius , Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, =P.utiformica =P.vignae =P.vignae var. leguminophila Centaurea maculosa, Erysimum cheiri, Kyrgyzstan, Libanon, Sri Lanka, =P.viridifaciens =Pseudomonas cerasi=Pseudomonas Chrysanthemum indicum , Citrus spp.(jeruk, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, cerasi f.sp. pyri =P.cerasi var. prunicola =P.cerasi var. pyri orange), Cinnamomum camphora, =P.citrarefaciens =P. citriputealis =P.hibisci =P.oryzicola Calystegia sepium, Cyamopsis Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, =P.prunicola=P.spongiosa =P.syringae =P.syringae f.sp. tetragonoloba , Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Lesotho, Malawi, Morocco, South Africa, prunicola (Wormald) =P.trifoliorum =P.utiformica =P.vignae Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe, =P.vignae var. leguminophila =P.viridifaciens =P.syringae Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), pv. japonica) ;Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae; Cucurbita , Cydonia oblonga , Cyphomandra America: Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, bacterial canker or blast (stone and pome fruits), bacterial betacea, Dahlia pinnata , Daphne odora , Chile, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, brown spot (beans), apoplexy of apricots, bacterial black Desmodium spp., Diospyros kaki (kesemek, spot, bacterial eye spot, bacterial leaf spot, bacterial persimmon), Echinochloa USA, Uruguay sheath rot, blast of Citrus , blister spot of apple, peach-tree crusgalli,Fortunella spp., Forsythia Oceania: Australia, New Zealand short-life, pear blossom blight intermedia , Fragaria vesca , Glycine max (kedelai, soybean) , Hibiscus spp., Hordeum
vulgare (barli, barley), Impatiens balsamina , Juglans regia, Lactuca sativa, Lablab purpureus , Ligustrum ovalifolium , Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Magnolia spp., Medicago sativa,Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Matthiola incana , Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Mucuna deeringiana , Nerium oleander , Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Panicum spp., Passiflora quadrangularis (markisa, passion- fruit, granadilla), Persea americana (alpokat, avocado), Pennisetum spp., Philadelphus , Vigna angularis , Phaseolus spp., Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Piper nigrum (lada, black pepper), Pinus radiata , Populus spp., Quercus spp., Rhododendron , Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Rubus ursinus , Salix spp., Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sorghum spp., Trifolium spp., Trigonella foenum-graecum , Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vaccinium sp., Vicia faba, Vicia villosa , Vigna cylindrica,Vitis vinifera 132
(anggur, grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize).
24. Pseudomonas viridiflava (Burkholder); (= Bacterium (P): Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, kiwifruit), I benih (seed), semua Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, viridiflavum = Chlorobacter viridiflavus = Phytomonas Allium cepa (bawang bombay, onion), bagian tanaman (all Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
viridiflava); Pseudomonadales; Anethum graveolens (dill), Apium parts of plant), media Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Pseudomonadaceae;bacterial leaf blight of tomato; graveolens (seledri, celery), Apium tanam (planting France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Hydrangea bud blight; bacterial leaf necrosis of basil; graveolens var. dulce (celery), Brassica medium) Italy, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, bacterial rot of lettuce; bacterial rot of Chinese cabbage; spp. , Capsicum annuum (bell pepper), Portugal, Serbia-Montenegro, Slovakia, bacterial soft rot of tomato; bacterial blossom blight of kiwi Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Cucumis Spain, Switzerland, UK. sativus (ketimun, cucumber), Cucurbita Asia: China , Iran, Japan, Jordan, South maxima (giant pumpkin), Hydrang ea Korea, Nepal, Turkey. (hydrangeas), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato) Africa: Egypt, Kenya, Morocco, Tanzania, Uganda. (S): Actinidia chinensis (Chinese gooseberry), Allium fistulosum (Welsh America: USA, Argentina, Brazil, onion), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Venezuela. (cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage), Brassica oleracea var. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. gemmifera (Brussels sprouts), Calendulaofficinalis (Pot marigold), Capsicum frutescens (chilli), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), Chrysanthemum indicum (krisan, chrysanthemum), Cichorium endivia (endives), Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citrus macrophylla (alemow), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Cyclamen persicum (cyclamens), Eschscholzia californica (california poppy), Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia), Eutrema wasabi (Wasabi), Forsythia suspensa , Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean), Lotus corniculatus (bird's-foot trefoil), Lupinus angustifolius (lupin), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Nicotiana rustica (wild tobacco), Papaver (poppies), Papaver nudicaule (Iceland poppy), Passiflora edulis (passionfruit), Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Petunia
133
hybrida , Phaseolus coccineus (runner bean), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Pisum sativum ( pea), Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Pseudopanax , Pyruscommunis (European pear), Rosa (mawar, roses), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sorghum sudanense (Sudan grass), Tanacetum coccineum (common pyrethrum), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Tropaeolum majus (common nasturtium), Vacciniumcorymbosum (blueberry), Vicia faba (broad bean), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), Viola (violet), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, maize), Zinnia elegans (zinnia)
25. Rathayibacter tritici (Hutchinson) Zgurskaya et (P) : Triticum spp. I benih/biji Europe: Cyprus al .; (=Clavibacter tritici =Corynebacterium michiganense (seed/grain), bagian Asia: Afghanistan, China, India, Iran, pv. tritici =C.tritici =Agrobacterium tritici =Bacterium tritici lain dari tanaman Iraq, Pakistan =Phytomonas tritici =P.tritici =Pseudomonas tritici); (other part of plant), Actynomycetales: Microbacteriaceae; spike blight, tundu tanah (soil), media Africa: Egypt:, Ethiopia, Zambia disease, yellow ear rot, yellow slime disease, yellow spike tanam (planting medium) Oceania: Australia
Vector : Anguina tritici
26. Rhizobium vitis (Ophel & Kerr) Young et al . ; (P): Vitis spp. I daun (leaf), planlet, Europe: France, Greece, Hungary, Spain (=Agrobacterium biovar 3 =A.tumefaciens biovar 3 =A. akar (root), batang Asia: Afghanistan, China, Japan, Jordan, vitis) ; Rhizobiales: Rhizobiaceae; crown gall (stem), benih (seed), Korea tanah (soil) America: Brazil, Canada, USA
Oceania: Australia
27. Rhodococcus fascians (Zopt.) Tsunukura; (=Bacterium (P): Asparagus densiflorus , Begonia I daun (leaf), planlet, Europe: Belgium, Czech, Denmark, fascians =Phytomonas fascians =Pseudobacterium tuberhybrida, Erysimum cheiri, akar (root), batang Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary,
fascians =Rhodococcus rubropertinctus =Corynebacterium Chrysanthemum spp., Cucumis melo (stem), benih/biji Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, 134
fascians; Actinomycetales: Nocardiaceae; (melon) , Dahlia pinnata, Dianthus (seed/grain), tanah Russia , Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, UK. witches' broom syndrome, ornamental cauliflower disease, caryophyllus , Fragaria vesca (arbei, (soil) Asia: India, Iran strawberry cauliflower disease, strawberry fasciation, strawberry), Freesia spp ., Gloriosa spp ., Vector : tobacco leafy gall, leafy gall, fasciation Lilium spp., Lathyrus odoratus , Pelargonium Africa: Egypt: zonale , Triteleia spp., Brassica oleracea Myzus persicae, M. America: Canada, Colombia, Mexico, botrytis (bunga kol, cauliflower), Brodiaea, ascalonicus Euphorbia, Fragaria, Hebe, Kalanchoe , USA Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea) Oceania: Australia, New Zealand (S): Chamaemelum nobile,Antirrhinum majus , Beta vulgaris (bit, beet root), Beloperone , Brassica spp., Tunas (bud)dleia davidii , Cichorium intybus , Cicer arietinum , Consolida ambigua , Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Casuarina equisetifolia , Dianthus barbatus, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Erysimum allionii,Forsythia suspensa, Fragaria vesca, Gladiolus hybrids,Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Gypsophila paniculata, Hebe, Bakungus, Impatiens walleriana, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana , Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Mesembryanthemum , Muscari botryoides , Nicotiana , Petunia hybrida, Phaseolus spp., Physalis spp., Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Phlox spp. , azalea , Spinacia oleracea , Tagetes spp., Tropaeolum majus , Triteleia laxa, Tulip, Viburnum opulus , Vicia faba
28. Spiroplasma kunkelii (Whitcomb) Chen et (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) I benih (seed), bagian America: Bolivia, Brazil, El Salvador, al. ;Entomoplasmatales: spiroplasmataceae; corn stunt lain dari tanaman Jamaica, Mexico, Peru, USA, Venezuela,
disease, corn stunt spiroplasma, maize stunt spiroplasma, (other part of plant) Rio Grande corn stunt Vector: :
Dalbulus maydis , D. eliminatus , Exitianus exitiosus,Graminella nigrifons , Stirellus bicolor
135
29. Streptomyces ipomoeae (Person & Martin) Waksman & (P): Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet I umbi (tuber/ corm), Asia: Japan, Vietnam Henrici; (= Actinomyces ipomoeae); Actinomycetales: potato) planlet, akar (root), America: USA Streptomycetaceae; Streptomycetes soil rot (pox), soil rot, tanah (soil), media ground rot, sweet potato soft rot, sweet potato soil rot, tanam (planting sweet potato pox medium)
30. Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Smith) Vauterin, Hoste, (P) : Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus I Buah (Fruits/pods), Europe : Bulgaria, France (France Kersters & Swings (= Xanthomonas pruni = Bacillus pruni = domestica (plum), Prunus dulcis (almond), daun (leaves) and [mainland]), Italy , Moldova, Romania, Bacterium cerasi wraggi = Bacterium pruni = Phytomonas Prunus persica (peach), Prunus salicina batang (stems). Russia (Russian Far East, Southern cerasi wraggi = Phytomonas pruni = Pseudomonas cerasi (Japanese plum) Russia), Slovenia, Ukraine wraggi = Pseudomonas pruni = Xanthomonas campestris (S) : Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus Asia : China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Japan, pv. pruni ; Xanthomonadales; Xanthomonadaceae; cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus japonica Korea DPR (North Korea), Korea bacterial canker of stone fruit; bacterial shot-hole of stone (Japanese bush cherry tree), Prunus mume Republic of (South Korea), Lebanon, fruit; bacterial spot of stone fruit; bacterial leaf spot of (Japanese apricot tree),Prunus (stone fruit), Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Tajikistan stone fruit; black spot of stone fruit Prunus laurocerasus (cherry laurel)
Africa : South Africa , Zimbabwe America : Central America & Caribbean (Bermuda), North America, Canada , Mexico, USA , Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana Oceania : Australia , New Zealand
31. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv . Allii Roumagnac et (P): Allium(onions, garlic, leek, etc.), Allium I Semua bagian Asia : Japan al.(=Xanthomonas campestris pv. allii) ;Xanthomonadales: cepa (bawang bombay, onion) , Allium cepa tanaman (all parts of Africa : Mauritius, Réunion, South Africa Xanthomonadaceae; leaf blight var. aggregatum (bawang merah, shallot) , plant), media tanam Allium fistulosum (Welsh onion ), Allium (planting medium) America: Central America & Caribbean porrum (leek), Allium sativum (bawang (Barbados, Cuba, Saint Kitts and Nevis), putih, garlic) , Allium schoenoprasum USA , Brazil, Venezuela (chives)
32. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae (McCulloch & (P): Anthurium andreanum , Philodendron I umbi (tuber/corm), Europe: Italy, Netherland Pirone Vauterin) et al . ; (=Phytomonas dieffenbachiae hederaceum, Philodendron hederaceum rhizom, daun (leaf), Asia: China, Philippines =Bacterium dieffenbachiae =Xanthomonas dieffenbachiae var. oxycardium batang (stem), media =X.campestris pv. dieffenbachiae =X.campestris pv. tanam (planting Africa: Réunion, South Africa (S): Aglaonema commutatum,Anthurium syngonii); Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae; medium) spp., Caladium bicolor hybrids, 136
anthurium blight, bacterial blight of aroids Dieffenbachia maculata , Epipremnum America: Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, pinnatum , Araceae, Philodendron selloum , Canada, Costa Rica, Dominica, Syngonium podophyllum , Xanthosoma Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, caracu , X. sagittifolium Puerto Rico, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela, Oceania: Australia, France Polynesia
33. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv . poinsettiicola (Patel, Bhatt & (P): Codiaeum variegatum , Euphorbia spp., I tunas (bud), bagian Europe : Germany, Italy Kulkarni) Vauterin et al . ; (=Xanthomonas campestris pv. Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) lain dari tanaman Asia: Cocos Islands, Philippines, India, poinsettiicola =X.poinsetticola =X.poinsettiicola (other part of plant) China =X.pulcherrimae =X.ricini f.sp . poinsettiicola =X.rinici f.sp. poinsetticola); Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae America: USA, Venezulea Oceania: Australia , New Zealand
34. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vasculorum (Cobb) Vauterin (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, I daun (leaf), benih Europe: Portugal et al. ; ( = Xanthomonas campestris pv. vasculorum sugarcane) (seed), planlet, Africa: Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi, =Bacillus vasculorum =Bacterium vasculorum batang (stem) (S): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Mauritius, Mozambique, Réunion, South =Phytomonas vasculara =P.vasculorum =Pseudomonas Roystonea regia , Dictyosperma album, Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe vasculorum =Xanthomonas vasculorum) ; Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut palm) , Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae; sugarcane America: Antigua and Barbuda, bambu, Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), gumming disease, Gummosis Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Coix lacryma-jobi , Panicum spp., Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican, Pennisetum purpureum, Sorghum spp. Guyana France, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago Oceania: Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea
35. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vitians (Brown) Vauterin et al . (P): Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Syngonium , I bagian tanaman (part Europe: Germany, Italy, Belarus, Latvia, ; (=Bacterium lactuca =B.vitians = Phytomonas lactucae Syngonium podophyllum (Arrowhead vine) of plant) Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, =P.lactucae-scariolae =P.vitians =Pseudomonas lactucae Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, =P.lactucae-scariolae =P.vitians =Xanthomonas Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, campestris pv. vitians =X.lactucae =X.lactucae-scariolae Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia =X.vitians) ; Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae; Asia: Japan leafspot, lettuce bacterial spot Africa: South Africa, Zimbabwe 137
America: Brazil, France West Indies, USA, Hawaii, Venezuela Oceania: Australia
36. Xanthomonas campestris pv . armoraciae (McCulloch) Dye; (P): Armoracia rusticana (horseradish), I bagian tanaman (part Europe : Ukraine (=Bacterium campestre var. armoraciae = Phytomonas Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower), of plant) Asia: China, India, Japan, Turkey campestris var. armoraciae = Pseudomonas campestris Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (Brussels var. armoraciae = Xanthomonas armoraciae); sprouts), Brassica oleracea var. italica Africa: Zimbabwe Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae; Xanthomonas (broccoli), Iberis (candytuft) leaf spot America: USA , Brazil Oceania : Austalia
37. Xanthomonas cassavae (ex Wiehe & Dows.) Vauterin et (P): Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) I daun (leaf), batang Africa: Burundi, DR Congo, Kenya, al .; (=Xanthomonas campestris pv. cassavae =X.ricini f.sp. (stem) Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda
cassavae); Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae; America: Colombia cassava leaf spot, cassava bacterial necrosis
38. Xanthomonas hortorum pv. pelargonii (Brown) Vauterin et (P): Geranium sanguineum (bloody I tunas (bud), bagian Europe: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, al . ; (=Bacterium geranii =B.pelargonii =Phytomonas cranesbill), Pelargonium (pelargoniums), tanaman (part of France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, geranii =P.pelargonii =Pseudomonas geranii =P.pelargonii Pelargonium graveolens (Rose geranium) plant), Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, =Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii =X.geranii Russia, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Vector: : =X.pelargonii); Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae; Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, bacterial leaf spot Cicadellidae, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Cercopidae Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Asia: India, Iran, Japan Africa: Egypt, Morocco, South Africa America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada , USA Oceania: Australia
39. Xanthomonas vasicola pv. holcicola (Elliot); (= (P): Panicum miliaceum (millet), Setaria I benih (seed), semua Europe: France, Romania, Russia, Xanthomonas holcicola =Bacterium holcicola italica (foxtail millet), Sorghum bicolor bagian tanaman (all 138
=Phytomonas holcicola = Pseudomonas holcicola = (sorghum), Sorghum halepense (Johnson part of plant) Ukraine. Xanthomonas campestris pv. holcicola ); grass), Sorghum sudanense (Sudan grass) Asia: Bangladesh, India, Iran, Israel, Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae; streaky spot of (S): Sorghum almum (Columbusgrass), Zea Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Philippines, sorghum and Sudan grass; melanosis of Panicum millet; mays (maize) Thailand. bacterial streak of millet Africa: Ivory Coast, Gambia,
Madagascar, Niger, South Africa, Togo. America: Mexico, USA, Argentina, Venezuela. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
40. Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al.; Xanthomonadales: (P): Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), I semua bagian Asia: China, India Xanthomonadaceae; Pierce's disease of grapevines, Prunus spp., Acer saccharum , Citrus spp., tanaman (all parts of America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, alfalfa dwarf, almond leaf scorch, citrus variegated Liquidambar styraciflua , Medicago sativa , plant) Costa Rica, Mexico, Paraguay, USA, chlorosis, dwarf lucerne, leaf scorch, phony disease of Morus alba , Platanus occidentalis , Pyrus Vector: Venezuela peach, plum leaf scald communis ( pir , pear ), Ulmus Cicadella viridis (S): Brachiaria spp. ,Cynodon spp. , Cyperus Carneocephala spp. , Digitaria spp., Echinochloa fulgida, frumentacea , Fragaria vesca (arbei, Draeculacephala strawberry), Lolium spp. , Medicago minerva, spp. ,Paspalum spp., Rubus spp. , Graphocephala Sambucus spp. , Salix spp. ,Taraxacum atropunctata, officinale , Trifolium spp. ,Vinca minor , (Philaenus Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) spumarius)
41. Xylophilus ampelinus (Panag.) Willems et al . ; ( = Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) I tunas (bud), suluran Europe: France, Greece, Italy, Moldova, Xanthomonas ampelina);Pseudomonadales: (stolon) Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Serbia,
Pseudomonadaceae; canker of grapevine, bacterial blight Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and of grapevine, black arm Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Africa: South Africa
139
FITOPLASMA
NO. NAMA ILMIAH/SINONIM/FAMILI/ NAMA UMUM/ INANG/ GOL/ MEDIA PEMBAWA/ DAERAH SEBAR/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/COMMON NAME HOST GROUP PATHWAY GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1 Apple chat fruit; Sin: Apple chat fruit MLO (P): Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ), Malus I mata tunas (eye Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, spp. bud), batang (stem), Germany, Gibraltar, Hungary, Ireland, tanaman (plant), akar Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, (root) Sweden, Switzerland, UK (England and Wales, Scotland)
Africa: South Africa America : USA Ocean : New Zealand
2 Apple rubbery wood phytoplasma ; Acholeplasmatales, (P) : Malus domestica (apel, apple) I Organ perbanyakan Europe : Austria, Czech Republic, Acholeplasmataceae; apple rubbery wood; quince vegetative, bibit Denmark, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, (S) : Cydonia oblonga (quince), Malus chlorotic blotch; pear rubbery wood disease (seedling). Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, baccata (siberian crab apple), Prunus Macedonia, France, Germany, Italy (Italy avium (sweet cherry), Prunus cerasus (sour [mainland]), Moldova, Netherlands, cherry), Pyrus communis (European pear) Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK Asia :India Africa :South Africa America : Canada , Mexico, USA, Brazil Oceania : New Zealand, Australia
3 Aster yellows phytoplasma group ; Acholeplasmatales; (P) : Allium cepa (onion), Alstroemeria I Buah (fruits/pods), Europe : Europe (as a whole),Belgium, Acholeplasmataceae; tomato big bud; western aster (Inca lily), Anemone coronaria (Poppy titik tumbuh (growing Czech Republic, France, Germany, yellows; periwinkle little leaf; eastern aster yellows; purple anemone), Apium graveolens (celery), points), Greece, Italy, Portugal, Russia, Spain, coneflower yellows; multiplier disease Brassica napus var. napus (rape), inflorescence, daun UK Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage), (leaves), akar (roots), Asia : China (Taiwan), India, Israel, Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli), batang (stems) and Japan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Thailand Brassica rapa subsp. rapa (turnip), keseluruhan bagian Callistephus chinensis (China aster), tanaman (whole 140
Chrysanthemum coronarium (garland plant). Africa : South Africa chrysanthemum), Chrysanthemum America : Canada , Mexico,USA , Brazil, frutescens (marguerite), Daucus carota Peru (carrot), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Hydrangea Oceania : Australia macrophylla (French hydrangea), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Paulownia tomentosa (paulownia), Primula sp. (primrose), Ranunculus asiaticus (garden crowfoot), Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Tagetes patula (French marigold), Trifolium repens (white clover), Zea mays (maize) (S) : Catharanthus roseus (Pink periwinkle), Celtis australis (European nettle wood), Cornus racemosa (gray dogwood), Cryptotaenia canadensis (honewort), Cucurbita pepo (ornamental gourd), Cyclamen persicum (cyclamens), Delphinium hybrids (florist's larkspur), Echinacea purpurea (purple coneflower), Eupatorium capillifolium (Dog fennel), Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia), Lotus corniculatus (bird's-foot trefoil), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Morus bombycis (Japanese mulberry), Myrtus communis (myrtle), Olea europaea subsp. europaea (olive), Opuntia sp. (pricklypear), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Populus (poplars), Populus nigra (black poplar), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus persica var. nucipersica (nectarine), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Santalum album (Indian sandalwood), Solanum melongena (aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (potato), Solidago (Goldenrod), Spiraea tomentosa (Hardhack), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Vaccinium (blueberries), Vitis vinifera (grapevine), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed), Calendula officinalis (Pot marigold), Conyza canadensis (Canadian 141
fleabane), Lepidium draba (hoary cress), Malva (mallow), Papaver rhoeas (common poppy), Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish), Stellaria media (common chickweed)
4 Phytoplasma;Acholeplasmatales:Acholeplasmataceae; (P): Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) I tunas (bud), suluran Europe: Croatia, France, Germany, Italy, grapevein flavescence doree phytoplasma (stolon), bagian Slovenia, Spain (S): Chrysanthemum spp., Xleia faba, Vince vegetatif lainnya rosea . (other vegetative part) Vector: Scaphoideus titanus
5 Phytoplasma; Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae; (P): Malus domesticum (apel, apple) I tunas (bud), suluran Europe: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, apple proliferation (stolon), bagian Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, France, (S): Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), vegetatif lainnya Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Catharanthus roseus , Corylus avellana , (other vegetative Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Pyrus communis (pir, pear) part) Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, Serbia, Slovenia, Vector :Philaenus Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, spumarius, Montenegro, Macedonia. Aphrophora alni, Lepyronia Asia: Turkey. coleoptrata, Arhianus
interstitialis, Fiebierella florii, Cacopsilla costalis, C. Mali
6 Phytoplasma; Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae; (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), I benih (seed), bibit Africa: Benin, Cameroon, Ghana, lethal yellowing, Cape St Paul disease, Cape Three Point Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm), (seedling) Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania, disease, keincope, kribi and other Palmae (Arenga engleri, Togo
Borassus flabellifer , Caryota mitis , Howea Asia: India forsteriana , Hyophorbe verschaffeltii , Phoenix canariensis , P. dactylifera, P. reclinata, P. sylvestris, Chrysalidocarpus Vector: : America: Belize, Cayman Islands, Cuba, cabadae, Corypha utan, Dictyosperma Myndus crudus, Dominica, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, album, Latania spp., Livistona chinensis, L. Cicadelloidea & Mexico, USA rotundifolia, Trachycarpus fortunei, Veitchia Fulgoroidea 142
macandielsii, Veitchia merrillii, Panandus Oceania: Papua New Guinea utilis)
7 Phytoplasma; Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae; (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, I stek (cutting), tunas Asia: Bangladesh, Taiwan, India, Iran, sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma (SCWLD) = white leaf sugarcane). bud), bagian lain dari Japan, , Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri disease =India albino tanaman (other part Lanka, Thailand (S): Saccharum spontaneum, Cynodon of plant) dactylon, Brachiaria subquadripara, Africa: Sudan Dactyloctenium egyptium, Chloris barbata, Vector: :
Sporobolus fertilis . Matsumuratettix hiroglyphicus
8 Phytoplasma, Acholeplasmatales : Acholeplasmataceae; (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, I stek (cutting), mata Oceania: Papua New Guinea: ramu stunt , sugarcane ramu stunt disease sugarcane) tunas (eye-bud),
batang (stem)
Vector: : Eumetopina flavipes
9 Phytoplasma; Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae; (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, I stek (cutting), mata Asia: Bangladesh, Taiwan, India, Iran, sugarcane grassy shoot and (SCGSD) =grassy shoot sugarcane) tunas (eye-bud), Japan, , Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri disease = sugarcane grassy = stunt phytoplasma = grassy batang (stem) Lanka,Thailand (S): Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), shoot = gassy stunt phytoplasma Pennisetum purpureum , Brachiaria mutica , Vector: Africa: Sudan Cynodon dactylon , Imperata arundinacea Melanaphis sacchari f.sp indosacchari
10 Strawberry lethal decline phytoplasma(SLD)(Schwartze et (P): Fragaria sp.(strawberry), Fragaria I daun (leaf), batang America : Canada , USA al.); Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae;northwest ananassa (strawberry), Fragaria chiloensis (stem), akar (root),
disease (Chilean strawberry), Fragaria vesca (wild bibit tanaman strawberry) (seedling)
143
V. VIRUS / VIRAL
N0. NAMA ILMIAH/ NAMA UMUM/SINONIM/ INANG/ GOL/ MEDIA PEMBAWA/ DAERAH SEBAR/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/COMMON NAME/SYNONIM HOST GROUP PATHWAY GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1. African cassava mosaic bigeminivirus (ACMV) Sin: (P): Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), I Tanaman (plant), Asia: India, Sri Lanka African cassava mosaic virus, Indian cassava mosaic Ricinus spp. tunas (bud), suluran Africa: Angola, Kenya, Nigeria, disease, cassava latent virus, cassava mosaic virus (stolon) (S): Hewittia sublobata, Laportea (=Fluerya) Seychelles aestuans,Manihot glaziovii, Jatropha sp.
2. Agropyron mosaic virus Elymus repens (quackgrass), Triticum I Europe: Finland Sin: Agropyron mosaic rymovirus, Agropyron green aestivum ( wheat) , Triticum turgidum (durum America : Canada, USA mosaic virus, Agropyron yellow mosaic virus, wheat ) Agropyron streak mosaic virus, couch grass streak mosaic virus, wheat virus 2, Marmor agropyri, Agropyron mosaic PV75 severe isolate, Agropyron mosaic PV101 isolate, Agropyron mosaic mild isolate
3. Alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus (AMV); Sin: (P): Medicago sativa , Lycopersicum I Semua bagian Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, alfalfa virus 1 & 2, lucerne mosaic virus, Marmor esculentum (tomat, tomato), Nicotiana tanaman (all parts of Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia, medicaginis, potato calico virus tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Solanum plant), benih (seed) Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, tuberosum (kentang, potato), Cucurbitaceae, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Vector: : Apium graveolens var. rapaceum,Apium Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, graveolens (seladeri, celery), Cicer arietinum , Acyrthosiphon pisum, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chili, Myzus persicae Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, red pepper), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Lactuca sativa , Vigna sp. (kacang panjang, Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia cowpea), Vigna radiata, Trifolium incarnatum,
Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Viburnum
opulus Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, (S): Pisum sativum , Cajanus cajan (kacang Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, 144
gude), Cercis siliquastrum , Coriandum Kyrgyzstan , Lebanon, Myanmar, Nepal, sativum (tumbar, coriander), Cyphomandra Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tajikistan, betacea , Eutrema wasabi, Euonymus Turkey, Uzbekistan, Yemen japonicus, Hibiscus cannabinus, Lavandula Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, latifolia, Pelargo nium,Vigna angularis, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Sudan, Solanum melongena, Trifolium subterraneum, Tanzania, Tunisia, Zambia Vicia faba, Vinca minor, Vitis vinifera America: Argentina, Brazil, Panama,
Canada, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, USA, Venezuela Oceania: Australia , New Zealand
4. Andean potato latent tymovirus (APLV); Sin: (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), I umbi (tuber), America: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Eggplant mosaic tymovirus, Andean potato latent str, Ullucus tuberosus (ulluco) tanaman (plant) Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Eggplant mosaic virus (Andean potato latent str.), potato (Andean) latent virus, Potato Andean latent tymovirus, Potato Andean latent virus
5. Andean potato mottle comovirus (APMoV); Sin: (P): Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, I umbi (tuber), America: Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, potato Andean mottle comovirus, chili, red pepper), Solanum tuberosum tanaman (plant) Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Peru potato Andean mottle virus (kentang, potato) (S): Gomphrena globosa , Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Physalis peruviana , Amaranthus hybridus (bayam, spinach), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco)
6. Anyelir necrotic fleck closterovirus (CNFV) (P): Dianthus caryophyllus I Bunga (flower), akar Europe: Belgium, Czech, Slovakia, Serbia, Sin: carnation streak virus, carnation yellow fleck virus (root), daun (leaf), Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, (S): Dianthus barbatus, D.chinensis, batang (stem) Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Saponaria vaccaria, Silene armeria Italy, Netherlands, Spain, UK, Vector: Myzus Asia: Israel, Japan persicae , Aphididae America: Colombia, USA, Venezuela Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
7. Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) ; Trichovirus (P): Cydonia oblonga (quince), Malus I Titik tumbuh Europe : Albania, Austria, Belarus, (ornamental species apple), Malus domestica (Growing points), Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Sin: Apple chlorotic leaf spot trichovirus; Bark split (apple), Malus platycarpa , Prunus armeniaca daun (leaves), Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, virus; Plum bark split virus; Peach green mottle virus; (apricot), Prunus avium (sweet cherry), batang (stems) dan Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Malta, 145
Pear ring pattern mosaic virus; Quince stunt virus; Prunus cerasifera (myrobalan plum), Prunus seluruh tanaman Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Apple latent virus type 1; Apple latent 1 virus; Plum cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus domestica (whole plant). Portugal, Romania, Russia, Central pseudopox virus; Pear ring mosaic virus (plum), Prunus persica (peach), Prunus Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, salicina (Japanese plum), Prunus spinosa Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
(blackthorn), Prunus tomentosa (Nanking Switzerland, Ukraine, UK cherry tree), Pyrus communis (European Asia : China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Israel, pear), Pyrus pyrifolia (Oriental pear tree) Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea (S): Amelanchier canadensis (thicket Republic of (South Korea), Lebanon, serviceberry), Chaenomeles (flowering Syria, Turkey quinces), Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn), Africa : South Africa, Tunisia Crataegus rhipidophylla (Midland hawthorn), Mespilus germanica (medlar), Sorbus America : Canada, USA, Argentina, aucuparia (mountain ash) Brazil, Uruguay Oceania : Australia, New Zealand
8. Apple mosaic virus - ilarvirus (APMV); (P): Betula,Corylus avellana , Fragaria , I buah (fruit), bunga Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Sin: European plumline pattern virus, Mountain ash Humulus lupulus , Malus domesticum ( apel , (flower), akar (root), Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia, variegation virus, Birch line pattern virus, Birch ringspot apple ), Prunus, Prunus americana (aprikot, batang (stem) Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, virus, Dutch plum line pattern virus, Hop A virus, Horse apricot), Prunus avium , Prunus dulcis (almon, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, chestnut yellow mosaic virus, Rose mosaic virus, Hop almond ), Ribes rubrum , Rubus spp. Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, virus A, Hop virus C, Mild apple mosaic virus, Severe (raspberry, blackberry, black raspberry) Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, apple mosaic virus Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, (S): Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and persica (persik, peach) Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia
Asia: Azerbaijan, China, India, Japan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey Africa: Kenya, South Africa, Tunisia, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA, Uruguay Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
9. Apple Stem Grooving capillovirus (ASGV); Sin: (P): Citrus , Lilium , Malus pumila , Malus I tanaman (plant) Europe: Austria, Belgium, Croatia, apple topworking disease, Citrange stunt virus, Citrus sylvestris , Malus toringo , Prunus mume , Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Georgia, tatter leaf virus, crab apple decline, Apple latent virus Prunus armeniaca, Pyrus communis, Pyrus Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia and type 2, brown line virus disease, Cheno-podium dark pyrifolia , Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, green epi-nasty virus, Apple dark green epinasty virus, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, (S): Aronia melanocarpa , Cotoneaster Apple E36 virus, crab batang (stem) grooving virus, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, 146
Apple brown line virus bullatus, Cydonia oblonga, Prunus avium, Portugal, Romania, Russia Pyronia veitchii, Sorbus aucuparia, Malus sp , Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Israel, Japan, Malus micromalus North Korea, South Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam Africa: South Africa, Swaziland America: Brazil, Canada, Antilles Netherlands, USA, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
10. Apple stem pitting foveavirus (ASPV); Sin: (P): Malus pumila , Pyrus communis I tanaman (plant) Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, apple Spy 227 epinasty & decline, pear stony pit, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Serbia, (S): Crataegus monogyna , Cydonia oblonga, quince sooty ringspot, pear vein yellows, pear red Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Malus sylvestris, Malus toringo, Pyronia mottle Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, veitchii, Sorbus discolor. France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia Asia: China, Japan, South Korea Africa: South Africa America: Brazil, Canada, USA Oceania: New Zealand
11. Apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd); (P) Malus domesticum ( apel , apple ) I tanaman (plant) America: USA Sin: apple green crinkle disease, apple green crinkle
12. Arabis mosaic nepo-virus (ArMV) Sin: (P): Anagallis arvensis, Apium graveolens I tanaman (plant), Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, ash ring and line pattern virus, hop nettlehead virus, var. dulce , Armoracia rusticana , Asparagus benih (seed) Croatia, Czech, Denmark, Finland, raspberry yellow dwarf virus, rhubarb mosaic virus, officinalis (asparagus, asparagus), Astilbe sp., France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Vector: Xiphinema forsythia yellow net virus, jasmine yellow blotch virus, Bellis perennis , Beta vulgaris (bit) , Buxus Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, diversicaudatum, X. Rhabarber-Mosaik-Virus (rhubarb mosaic virus) sempervirens, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Carum Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, madierense, X. coxi, segetum, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Cucumis sativus,Cucurbita pepo, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia,
147
Cyphomandra betacea, Daphne mezereum, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Daucus carota, Dianthus caryophyllus, Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Forsythia intermedia, Fragaria vesca,Fraxinus Asia: Japan, Kazakstan, Turkey excelsior, Humulus lupulus, Jasminum officinale,Lactuca sativa, Lamium Africa: South Africa amplexicaule, Ligustrum vulgare,Melilotus officinalis, Mentha arvensis, Narsisus sp., America: Canada, Phaseolus coccineus, Plantago lanceolata, Oceania: Australia, Caroline Islands, Polygonum aviculare, P. persicaria, Prunus New Zealand avium, P.domestica, P.persica, Ranunculus repens, Rheum rhaponticum, Rheum hybridum,Ribes sp., Rosa spp., Rubus idaeus , R. procerus, Sambucus nigra, Senecio vulgaris, Solanum nigrum, Stellaria media,Syringa vulgaris, Taraxacum officinale,Trifolium repens, Tulipa spp., Urtica dioica, U. urens, Vitis vinifera, Trifolium repens, Vitis vinifera. (S): Alstroemeria, Fragaria, Fraxinus,Hordeum vulgare , Narsisus , Ribes nigrum , Rubus
13. Arracacha virus B (AVB) (P): Arracacia xanthorrhiza,Oxalis tuberosa I umbi (tuber), daun America: Bolivia, Peru. Sin: Arracacha B 'nepovirus', Arracacha B nepovirus (oca), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) (leaf), suluran (oca strain) Arracacha virus B (oca strain) (stolon), benih (seed) (S): Brassica campestris ssp. rapa , Vigna spp. (kacang panjang, cowpea), Capsicum annuum,Hyoscyamus niger
14. Artichoke Italian latent nepovirus (AILV) (P): Cynara scolymus I Daun (leaf), suluran Europe: Bulgaria, Greece, Italy (stolon), batang (S): Cichorium intybus , Gladiolus hybrids, (stem) Pelargonium zonale hybrids, Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) Vector : Longidorus apulus
15. Asparagus virus 2 Ilarvirus (AV2) (P) Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, I pollen, benih (seed), Europe: Denmark, Germany, Italy, UK, Sin:Asparagus virus II, Asparagus 2 ilarvirus, asparagus) suluran (stolon) Japan Asparagus virus C, Asparagus latent virus Vector: America: Canada , Mexico, USA Longidorus apulus
148
16. Avocado sun-blotch avsunviroid (ASBVd) Sin: (P): Persea americana (alpokat, avocado) I kulit (bark), buah Europe: Spain, Israel avocado sunblotch virus, sunblotch viroid (avocado) (fruit), bunga (flower), (S): Cinnamomum camphora , Cinnamomum Africa: South Africa daun (leaf), suluran zeylanicum, Ocelea bullata, (stolon), batang America: Peru, USA, Venezuela, (stem), benih (seed) Oceania: Australia
17. Barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus (BSMV) (P): Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Triticum I polen, benih/biji Europe: Bulgaria, Czech, Denmark, Sin: barley false stripe virus, barley mosaic virus, oat aestivum (gandum, wheat) (seed/grain), Greece, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, stripe mosaic virus, barley mild stripe virus, barley tanaman (plant) Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, (S): Poaceae, Secale cereale (rye) , Zea mays yellow stripe (possibly) Switzerland, Ukraine, Serbia, Slovenia, (jagung, corn, maize), Oryza sativa (padi, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, paddy), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Montenegro, Macedonia, Panicum spp. (millet) Asia: China, Israel, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey Africa: Egypt, South Africa, Tunisia America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, Peru, USA Oceonia: Australia, New Zealand
18. Barley Yellow Dwarf Luteovirus (BYDV) (P): Avena sativa (oats), Hordeum vulgare I semua bagian Europe: Belgium, Czech, Slovakia, Sin: barley yellow dwarf luteoviruses; maize leaf fleck (barley), Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass), tanaman (all part of Denmark, Finland, Former, Serbia, virus; wheat cereal yellow dwarf virus; cereal yellow Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), Oryza plant), kecuali benih Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and dwarf virus; rice giallume virus; Hordeum virus sativa (rice), Poaceae (grasses), Secale Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, nanescens; red leaf disease of barley cereale (rye), Triticum aestivum (wheat), France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Triticum turgidum (durum wheat), Zea mays Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, (maize) Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK. (S): Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bentgrass), Arrhenatherum elatius (false oatgrass), Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Bromus (bromegrasses), Bromus catharticus Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria, (prairiegrass), Elymus repens (quackgrass), Thailand, Turkey. Eragrostis curvula (weeping lovegrass), Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Festuca (fescues), Leersia oryzoides (Rice Libya, Morocco, Mozambique. cutgrass), Miscanthus sinensis (Eulalia), Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyu grass), South Africa: Tanzania, Tunisia, Phleum pratense (timothy), Phragmites (reed), Zimbabwe. Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Sorghum bicolor North America: Canada, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, 149
(sorghum), Trifolium repe ns (white clover), Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Zea Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana
Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
19. Bean golden mosaic begomovirus (BGMV) (P): Vigna sp. (kacang panjang, cowpea), I tanaman (plant) Africa: Nigeria Sin: bean golden mosaic gemini virus, bean golden Phaseolus sp., Phaseolus lathyroides , Vector: : America: Argentina, Colombia, Costa mosaic virus (type 1) Brazil, bean golden yellow mosaic Phaseolus acutifolius , Glycine max (kedelai, Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Guatemala, virus (type 2) Caribbean, mosaico dorado, bean calico soybean) Bemisia argentifolii , Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto mosaic bigeminivirus (possible strain) B. tabaci (S): Cajanus cajan (kacang Rico, USA, Venezuela gude) ,Calopogonium mucunoides, Pachyrhizus erosus, Vigna angularis, Phaseolus coccineus, Vigna mungo,Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco)
20. Bean pod mottle comovirus (BPMV) (P): Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), I Benih/biji America: Brazil, Canada, Ecuador, Peru, Sin: pod mottle virus, desmodium virus Fabaceae lain (seed/grain), USA tanaman (plant) Vector: : Cerotoma trifurcate, Epicauta vittata, Diabrotica balteata, D. undecimpunctata, Colaspis flavida, C. lata
21. Beet curly top curtovirus (BCTV) Sin: P: Beta vulgaris (bit gula, sugar beet), I Seluruh bagian Europe: Cyprus, Italy Beet curly top geminivirus, Beet curly top Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chilies, tanaman kecuali Asia: India, Iran, Israel, Japan, South hybrigeminivirus, sugarbeet curly top virus, red pepper), Vigna sp. (kacang panjang, benih Korea, Turkey tomato yellow virus, sugar beet curly-leaf virus, cowpea), Cucurbitaceae, Beta vulgaris (bit, Vector: sugarbeet virus 1, tomato yellows virus, western yellow beetroot), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, Africa: Ivory Coast, Egypt blight virus, potato green dwarf virus cucumber), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, Neoaliturus tenellus, America: Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, tomato), Vigna spp. (buncis, common bean). N. opacipennis Costa Rica, Mexico, USA, Uruguay (S) : Linum usitatissimum (flax), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato)
150
22. Beet leaf curl rhabdovirus (BLCV) (P): Beta spp. I Daun (leaf), root, Europe: Germany, Poland, Turkey Sin: Beta virus 3, RubenkrSusel-Virus, Rübenkräusel batang (stem), (S) Atriplex, Spinacia , Tetragonia sugar beet leaf crinkle virus, sugar beet leaf curl tanaman (plant) tetragonioides rhabdo virus, sugar beet virus 3, Vector: Beet leaf crinkle virus, sugar beet leaf curl virus Piesma quadratum
23. Carnation mottle carmo Virus(CarMV) (P): Dianthus caryophyllus,D.barbatus, I suluran (stolon), Europe: Czech, Slovakia, Belarus, Latvia, Sin: carnation mottle carmovirus Begonia spp., Sapo naria officinalis,Daphne tanaman (plant) Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, odora , D.superbus, Tetragonia Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, tetragonioides, Vaccaria hispanica Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Hungary,
Italy Asia: China, India Africa: Egypt America: Argentina, Colombia Oceania: Australia
24. Carnation ringspot virus (CRSV) (P): Dianthus (carnation), Dianthus barbatus (sweet I daun (leaf), benih Europe: Denmark, Finland, France, Sin: carnation ringspot dianthovirus williams), Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation), Malus (seed), bibit tanaman Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, sylvestris (crab-apple tree), Prunus avium (sweet (seedling) Poland, Russia, UK cherry), Prunus cerasus (sour cherry), Prunus America: North America, Canada, domestica (plum), Pyrus communis (European Mexico, USA, Brazil, Colombia pear), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Vitis vinifera (grapevine) Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
25. Cassava mosaic bigeminivirus; Sin: (P): Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), I batang (stem), umbi Asia: India, Sri Lanka African cassava mosaic disease, cassava African jarak akar (tuber root) Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, mosaic bigeminivirus, Indian cassava mosaic disease (S): Jatropha sp. Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central Africa, Chad, RD.Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Guinea Ekuator, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe 151
26. Cassava brown streak carlavirus (CBSaV) (P): Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) I tunas (bud), tanaman Africa: Angola, Guinea Ekuator, Kenya, Sin: Cassava brown streak potyvirus, Cassava brown (plant) Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, streak-associated (?) carlavirus Zanzibar, Uganda, Zimbabwe
27. Cherry leaf roll virus – nepovirus (CLRV) (P): Betula (birches), Betula pendula (common I Benih (Seed, polen), Europe : Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, silver birch), Cornus (Flowering dogwood), daun (Leaves) dan Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, Fagus sylvatica (common beech), Fraxinus seluruh tanaman France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, excelsior (ash), Juglans (walnuts), Juglans (whole plant). Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, regia (walnut), Ligustrum (privet), Prunus Romania, Russia, Serbia and avium (sweet cherry), Ptelea trifoliata Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, (Hoptree), Rubus procerus , Sambucus Switzerland, UK, Scotland canadensis (American elder), Sambucus Asia : China, Turkey racemosa (red-berried elder), Syringa vulgaris (lilac), Ulmus (elms), Ulmus americana America : Canada, USA, Chile (American elm) Oceania : Australia, New Zealand (S): Delphinium hybrids (florist's larkspur), Pelargonium (pelargoniums), Rubus idaeus (raspberry) (Wild hosts): Plantago (Plantain), Rumex (Dock)
28. Cherry rasp leaf nepovirus (CRLV); (P): Prunus avium , Prunus cerasus, Prunus I tanaman (plant) America: Canada, USA Sin: Apple flat apple virus, Flat apple virus persica, Prunus mahaleb , Malus domesticum (apel , apple ) (S): Rubus spp. (raspberry) 29. Citrus cachexia viroid (P): Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange) I tanaman (plant), America: Cuba, USA Sin: Citrus xyloporosis viroid, Citrus xyloporosis 'virus' batang (stem)
30. Citrus impietratura virus (P): Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange) I bagian tanaman (part Europe: Cyprus, Greece, Italy , Spain Sin: Citrus impietratura disease of-part of plant) Asia: India, Israel, Lebanon, Turkey except benih (seed) Africa: Algeria, Libya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe America: Venezuela
31. Citrus leaf rugose ilarvirus (CiLRV) (P): Citrus aurantifolia , C. limon , C. paradisi I tunas (bud), benih Europe: Turkey Sin: Citrus variegation virus, Citrus crinkly leaf (seed) (S): Vigna spp. (kacang panjang, cowpea), America: USA 152
ilarvirusm, Citrus variegation ilarvirus Vigna unguiculata (kacang tunggak) Oceania: Australia
32. Cocoa necrosis nepo virus (CoNV) (P): Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) I akar (root), batang Asia: Sri Lanka Sin: Cacao swollen shoot virus - strain S (stem), daun (leaf), Africa: Ghana, Nigeria bunga (flower), buah (fruit) America: Colombia, Venezuela Vector: Planococcoides njalensis, Ferrisia virgata, Planococcus citri, Longidorus spp.
33. Cocoa swollen shoot badnavirus (CSSV) (P): Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) I akar (root), batang Asia: Sri Lanka Sin: Cocoa necrosis nepo virus, Cocoa Red Mottle (stem), daun (leaf), (S): Ceiba pentandra (kapuk randu, kapok) Africa: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Virus, Cocoa Vein Clearing Virus, cacao virus I, bunga (flower), buah Sierra Leone, Togo, Northwest Africa theobroma virus I (fruit) Vector: : Planococcoides njalensis, P.citri,
Phenacoccus hargreavesi, Pseudococcus concavocerrari, Ferrisia virgata, Pseudococcus longisPinus merkusii (tusam, pinetree), Delococcus tafoensis, Paraputo anomalus
34. Cocoa yellow mosaic tymovirus (CYMV) (P): Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) I akar (root), batang Africa: Sierra Leone (stem), daun (leaf), (S): Cola nitida , Culcasia scandens bunga (flower), buah (fruit)
35. Coconut cadang-cadang cocadviroid (CCCVd) (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Elaeis I benih (seed), buah Asia: Philippines Sin: palm cadang-cadang viroid guineensis (kelapa sawit , oilpalm), Arenga (fruit), tanaman Oceania: Solomon Islands Island pinnata, Borassus flabelifer (lontar, palmyra (plant) 153
palm), Chloris , Phoenix dactylifera Vector: Brevipalpus phoenicis (S): Corypha elata, Livistona rotundifolia, Arecaceae, Panandaceae, Zingiberace-ae, Marantaceae ( Maranta sp.), Commelinaceae
36. Coconut Tinangaja viroid (CtiVd) (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut) I benih (seed), buah Oceania: Guam (fruit), tanaman (plant)
37. Coffee ringspot nucleorhabdovirus (CoRSV) Sin: (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) I benih (seed), Asia: Philippines Coffee ringspot habdovirus tanaman (plant) America: Brazil, Costa Rica
38. Coffee Blister Spot Virus (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) I benih (seed), buah America: Anguilla, Antigua, Aruba, Barbados, (fruit), tanaman Belize, Bolivia, Bonaire, Brazil, Cayman, (plant) Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curacao, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, France Guyana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nevis, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts, St Lucia, St Marten, St Vincent, Grenadines, Suriname, Tobago, Turks-Caicos Islands, Trinidad, Venezuela, Virgin Islandss
39. Cotton anthocyanosis virus (CAV) Sin: (P): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, Gallini I tunas (bud), tanaman Asia: India, Pakistan Cotton anthocyanosis (?) luteovirus; cotton small leaf cotton), Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, Bourbon (plant) America: Brazil virus cotton) Vector: (S): Abelmoschus esculentus, Hibiscus Aphis gossypii; cannabinus, Sida rhombifolia, S. micrantha Aphididae
40. Cotton leaf crumple begomovirus(CLCrV) (P): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), I tanaman (plant) America: Mexico, USA, Guatemala Sin: cotton leaf crumple bigeminivirus Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea) Vector: (S): Abutilon, Althaea , Castanospermum Bemisia tabaci australe, Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Gossypium , Hibiscus cannabinus, Malva parviflora, Phaseolus acutifolius, Vigna angularis
154
41. Cotton leaf curl bigeminivirus (CLCuV) Sin: (P): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton) , I tanaman (plant) Asia: India, Pakistan, Philippines cotton leaf curl bigeminivirus, cotton leaf curl Abelmoschus esculentus , Hibiscus Vector: Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, geminivirus cannabinus Central Africa, Chad, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Bemisia tabaci (S): Abelmoschus esculentus, Althea rosae, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, Togo Corchorus fasicularis, Hibiscus cannabius,H. escu lentus, H. sabdarifa, Malvaviscus arboreus, Sida alba
42. Cotton leaf mottle bigeminivirus (P): Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton) I akar (root), batang Africa: Benin, Cameroon, Central Africa, (stem), daun (leaf), Chad, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ghana, Mali, bunga (flower), buah Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo (fruit) Vector: Bemisia tabaci
43. Cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus (CCMV) Sin: (P): Vigna spp. (kacang panjang, cowpea), Glycine I tanaman (plant) Asia: India bean yellow stipple virus, virus del moteado Amarillo, max (kedelai, soybean) Vector: Ceratoma Africa: Nigeria marmor flavopunctum (S): Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut, ruficornis, C.trifurcata, peanut), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Diabrotica balteata, D. America: Costa Rica, Cuba, USA Beta vulgaris (bit) , Cajanus cajan (kacang gude) , undecimpunctata, Cassia occidentalis, C.tora Coleoptera
44. Cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus (CGMMV) (P): Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), I benih (seed), akar Europe: Austria, Czech, Slovakia, Sin: bottlegourd Indian mosaic virus, cucum ber green Citrullus vulgaris (semangka, watermelon), (root), tanaman Denmark, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, mottle mosaic watermelon strain (W), cucumber virus Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Lagenaria (plant), tanah (soil), Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2, cucumber virus 3, cucumber virus 4, cucumis virus siceraria , Momordica charantia air (water), pupuk Montenegro, Macedonia, Germany, 2, tobacco mosaic virus watermelon strain-W (manure), media Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Netherlands, (S): Prunus Americana (apricot) tanam (planting Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, medium) Ukraine, UK, Georgia, Vector: : Asia: Taiwan, India , Iran, Israel, Japan, Raphidopalpa South Korea, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia fevicollis, Cuscuta America: Brazil spp.
45. Cymbidium ringspot tombusvirus (CyRSV) (P): Orchidaceae ( Cymbidium ) I tanaman (plant) Europe: UK (S): Trifolium repens, Vigna ungiculata
155
46. Dendrobium vein necrosis (?) closterovirus (DVNV) (P): Orchidaceae I tanaman (plant), Europe: Germany umbi (corm)
47. Grapevine Bulgarian latent nepovirus (GBLV) (P): Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Vitis I batang (stem) Europe: Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia, Sin: Virus CM112 spp. tanaman (plant), Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and benih (seed) Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Portugal
48. Grapevine chrome mosaic nepovirus (GCMV) Sin: (P): Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) I kulit (bark), batang Europe: Austria, Croatia, Czech, Hungaryn chrome mosaic virus (stem), daun (leaf), Slovakia, Hungary (S): Apium graveolens tunas (bud), akar (root), benih (seed)
49. Grapevine stem pitting associated closterovirus Sin: (P): Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) I tunas (bud), suluran Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Italy, Portugal grapevine corky bark closterovirus, grapevine batang (stolon), kulit (bark), Asia: Jordan, Lebanon, Yemen, Central (stem) pitting disease, grapevine stem pitting virus, batang (stem), daun East grapevine virus A, Legno Riccio (possibly), Rugose (leaf), tunas (bud), wood (possibly), Grapevine corky bark disease akar (root). Africa: South Africa, Tunisia, South Africa Vector: America: Brazil, Mexico, USA Pseudococcidae
50. Grapevine fan leaf nepovirus (GFLV) (P): Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) I tunas (bud), suluran Europe: Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Sin: Grapevine veinbanding virus, Grapevine yellow (stolon), tanaman Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, (S): Cucumis sativus , Vigna spp. (buncis, mosaic virus, Grapevine arricciamento virus, Grape (plant), benih (seed) Czech, Slovakia, France, Germany, cowpea) vine infectious degeneration virus, Grapevine roncet Greece, Crete, Hungary, Italy, Vector: virus, Grapevine urticado virus Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Portugal, Xiphinema index, X. Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain: Italye Canary Island, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Armenia, Asia: China, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Philippines, Syria, Turkey, Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Madagascar, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Tunisia America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada , Chile, Mexico, USA, Venezuela 156
Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
51. Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) (P): Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) I Batang (stem), Europe: Albania, France, Italy, Sin: grapevine marbrure virus, grapevine phloem- tanaman (plant) Asia: Jordan, Syria limited isometric virus Africa: South Africa America: Brazil, USA
52. Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV) (P): Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) I kulit (bark), akar Europe: Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Sin: grapevine B virus, (root), batang (stem), Croatia, Cyprus, Czech, Slovakia, Serbia, grapevine leafroll disease, grapevine leaf roll daun (leaf) Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and closterovirus, grapevine C virus Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Vector: France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Pseudococcus Italy, Malta, Moldova, Portugal, Romania, longis, Pinus Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, Armenia merkusii (tusam, pinetree), P. Asia: China, Taiwan, Gaza, Israel, Japan, calceolariae, P. Jordan, South Korea, Lebanon, Turkey, maritimus, Yemen, P.affinis,P.viburni,
Planococcus ficus, P.citri, Heliococcus Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Brazil, bohemicus, Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA Phenacoccus, Prunus cerrasus Oceania: Australia, New Zealand (ceri, cherry) s, Pulvinaria vitis, Parthenolecanium corni, Neopulvinaria inummerabilis, Pulvinaria vitis,
53. Grapevine vein necrosis virus (P): Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) I tanaman (plant), Europe: Hungary, Turkey batang (stem)
157
54. Johsongrass Mosaic Virus (P): Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet), I benih (seed), bagian Europe: Hungary Sin: Johnsongrass mosaic potyvirus Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), tanaman (all part of America: Colombia, Venezuela Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Sorghum plant) halepense (Johnson grass), Urochloa Oceania: Australia brizantha (palisadegrass), Zea mays (jagung, maize)
55. Maize chlorotic dwarf waikavirus (MCDV) (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) I tanaman (plant) America: USA Sin: Maize chlorotic dwarf machlovirus, (S): Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Vector: : Amblysellus Maize chlorotic dwarf MCDV group, Setaria spp. grex, Dalbulus Maize chlorotic dwarf ribotungrovirus, maidis, Endria maize chlorotic dwarf waikavirus, inimica, Exitianus corn stunt agent exitiosus, Graminella nigrifrons, Graminella sonora,Macrosteles severini, Planicephalus flavo costatus,Stirellus bicolor
56. Maize chlorotic mottle machlomovirus (MCMV) Sin: (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea I biji (grain), tanaman America: Argentina, Mexico, Peru, USA maize mottle virus, Peru corn virus mays (jagung, corn, maize), Sorghum bicolor (plant) (sorgum, sorghum) Vector:
Chaetocnema (S): Bromus arvensis , Panicum vurgatum, pulicaria, Diabrotica Setaria glauca, Zea diploperennis spp., Frankliniella williamsii, Oulema
melanopus, Systena frontalis
57. Maize Dwarf Mosaic Potyvirus (MDMV) (P): Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass ), I bibit (seedling), Europe : Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Sin: sorghum red stripe virus; European maize mosaic Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Zea Republic, Czech Republic and Slovakia ,
virus; Indian maize mosaic virus; maize stripe mosaic mays (jagung, corn, maize), Zea mays subsp. Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and virus; maize dwarf mosaic potyvirus mays (sweetcorn) Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Italy, Romania, Russia (S): Avena sativa (oats), Panicum miliaceum (Russia (Europe)), Spain, Ukraine, (millet), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) Asia : China (Taiwan), Georgia (Republic), India (Uttar Pradesh), Iran, 158
Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Pakistan, Philippines, Turkey, Uzbekistan. Africa : Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Peru, USA, Hawaii, Venezuela.
58. Maize mosaic nucleorhabdovirus (MMV) (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Sorghum I tanaman (plant) Asia: India, Yemen Sin: Maize stripe Indian virus, sorghum chlorosis virus, bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) Vector: : Peregrinus Africa: Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Zea mays virus (S): Axonopus , Hordeum vulgare, Rottboellia maidis Mozambique, Nigeria, Réunion, cochin chinensis, Sorghum halepense, Zea Tanzania, Zimbabwe mexicana America: Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Guyana France, Guadeloupe, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, USA, Venezuela
59. Maize rayado fino marafivirus (MRFV) (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) I tanaman (plant) America: Argentina, Brazil , Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Vector: : Dalbulus Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, maidis, D.elimatus, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Baldulus tripsaci, Graminella nigrifrons
60. Maize Rough Dwarf fijivirus (MRDV) (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Sorghum I tanaman (plant) Europe: Czech, Slovakia, France, Sin: cereal tillering disease reovirus, cereal tillering bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Hordeum vulgare Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Vector: disease virus (barli, barley), Lolium perenne (perennial Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, ryegrass), Zea mays subsp. mays (jagung Delphacodes Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, manis, sweetcorn) propinqua, Macedonia Dicranotropis (S): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Asia: China, Iran, Israel, South Korea hamata, Laodelphax Avena sativa (oat, oats ), Cynodon dactylon striatellus, Javasella America: Argentina (rumput bermuda, bermuda grass), Digitaria pellucida, Ribauto sanguinalis (large crabgrass), Echinochloa delphax notabilis, crus-galli (barnyard grass) Sogatella vibix
159
61. Maize streak mastrevirus (MSV) (P): Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea I tanaman (plant) Asia: India, Yemen, Sin: Sereal African streak virus, Maize mottle virus, mays (jagung, corn, maize), Sorghum bicolor Vector: Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Maize streak monogeminivirus, maize streak virus A, (sorgum, sorghum), Poaceae Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa, sugarcane streak virus Cicadulina mbila, (S): Oat, Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), RD.Congo, Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, C.arachidis, C. Secale cereale (rye) Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, bipunctella, C. Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, triangula, C. Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, bimaculata, C. Réunion, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, similis, C.latens, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, C.ghaurii, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, C.parazeae. Zambia, Zimbabwe Nesoclutha declivata America: USA
62. Maize stripe tenuivirus (MSpV) (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Sorghum I tanaman (plant) Asia: China, Taiwan, India, Philippines Sin: maize chlorotic stripe virus, sorghum chlorosis bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) Vector: : Africa: Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, virus (S): Avena sativa (oat, oats ) , Hordeum RD.Congo, Egypt, Kenya, Madagascar, Peregrinus maidis vulgare (barli, barley), Oryza sativa (padi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, paddy), Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Réunion, Sao Tome & Principe, South Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Secale cereale (rye) Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Guadeloupe, Peru, Puerto Rico, USA, Venezuela Oceania: Australia
63. Maize White Line Mosaic Virus (MWLMV) (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) I tanaman (plant) Europe: France, Italy Sin: Maize dwarf ringspot virus, Maize white line virus America: USA
64. Orchid fleck rhabdovirus (OFV) (P): Orchidaceae I tanaman (plant) Asia: Japan Sin: dendrobium leaf streak virus, dendrobium virus, Europe: Germany probably laelia red leafspot, short orchid rhabdovirus, orchid rhabdovirus, phalae nopsis chlorotic spot virus, America: Brazil, USA phalaenopsis hybrid virus, phalae nopsis virus Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
160
65. Papaya ring spot potyvirus strain W (PRSV) (P): C aricapapaya I tanaman (plant), Europe: France, Germany, Italy, Sin: papaya distortion mosaic virus, papaya leaf bibit (seedling), buah Bangladesh (S): Cucurbitaceae distortion virus, papaw distortion ringspot virus, papaw (fruit), bunga (flower) Asia: China, India, Japan, Lebanon, mosaic virus, watermelon mosaic virus 1 (type P), Vector: Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Guadeloupe papaya ringspot, papaya ringspot - type W Sri Lanka, Syria, Thailand, Yemen has been shown to be watermelon mosaic virus 1 Myzus persicae, potyvirus) Aphis coreopsidis, A. Africa: Nigeria craccivora, A. America: Bahama, Brazil, Colombia, fabae,A.gossypii, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Toxoptera citricida Salvador, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela Oceania: Australia
66. Papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) (P): Carica papaya (papaya, papaw) I daun (leaf), bibit Africa: Tanzania Sin: Argentine plantago potexvirus; Papaya mosaic tanaman (seedling), America: Dominica,Trinidad and Tobago, potexvirus; Babaco yellow mosaic virus; Australian bagian tanaman (part USA, Brazil, Venezuela alternanthera potexvirus; Olive vein yellow virus; of plant) Portulaca virus; Salvia potexvirus; Trichosanthes virus; Oceania: Guam Ullucus potexvirus; Boussingaultia mosaic virus; Papaya mild mosaic virus; Pawpaw mild mosaic virus; Argentine plantago virus
67. Papaya necrosis virus (P): Caricapapaya (papaya, papaw) I tanaman (plant) America: USA (Papaya droopy necrosis virus (PDNV), papaya apical
necrosis virus (PANV))
68. Pea enation mosaic enamovirus (PEMV) (P): Vicia faba I benih (seed), Europe: Austria, Czech, Slovakia, Sin: pea enation mosaic virus-1, pea enation mosaic tanaman (plant) Germany, UK (S): Cicer arietinum , Lathyrus odoratus, Lens virus 'group' Vector: : culinaris, Medicago arabica, Pisum sativum, America: USA, Canada Trifolium incarnatum, Vicia sativa Acyrthosiphon pisum, Asia: China, Iran Myzus persicae
69. Pea streak carlavirus (P): Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), I tanaman (plant) Europe: widespread Sin: Alfalfa latent virus, pea streak carlavirus, pea streak (S): Leguminosae, Medicago sativa, Cicer America: Canada, USA virus, Steinklee virus, pea streak virus arietinum
161
70. Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVD) ; Pelamoviroid (P): Prunus persica (peach) I Buah (fruits), polong Europe : Austria, Bosnia and (pods), inflorescence, Herzegovina, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Sin: Peach latent mosaic virus; Prunus virus 5; Peach (S): Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus avium daun (leaves), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, yellow mosaic viroid; Peach yellow mosaic; Peach (sweet cherry), Prunus domestica (plum) batang (stems) dan Macedonia, France, Greece, Italy, blotch; Peach virus 6; Peach American mosaic disease; seluruh tanaman Romania, Montenegro, Spain Peach American mosaic pathogen; Peach mosaic; (whole plant). Peach calico; Peach latent mosaic pelamoviroid Asia : China, Japan, Lebanon, Syria Africa : Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia America : Canada, Mexico, USA, Uruguay Oceania : Australia
71. Peach rosette mosaic nepovirus (PRMV) (P): Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Prunus I benih (seed), batang Asia: India, Turkey Sin: grape decline virus, grapevine degeneration virus, persica (stem), daun (leaf), Africa: Egypt rosette mosaic virus buah (fruit), suluran (S): Vaccinium corymbosum, Rumex crispus, (stolon), tanah (soil), America: Canada , USA Solanum carolinense, Taraxacum officinale media tanam (planting medium) Vector: Xiphinema americanum, Longidorus diadecturus
72. Peanut chlorotic streak caulimovirus (PCSV) (P): Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, I Tanaman (plant) Asia: India groundnut, peanut) (S): Canavalia ensiformis, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Glycine max , Vigna sp. (kacang panjang, cowpea), Spinacia oleracea, Vicia faba (kacang babi, broad bean) , Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata
73. Peanut clump pecluvirus (P): Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, I Benih/biji Asia: India, Pakistan Sin: peanut clump furovirus, Indian peanut clump virus groundnut, peanut), Saccharum officinarum (seed/grain), Africa: Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, (IPCV) (tebu, sugarcane), Triticum aestivum tanaman (plant) Senegal (gandum, wheat), Setaria Italyca (foxtail millet) Vector: : Polymyxa graminis
162
74. Peanut green mosaic potyvirus (P): Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, I tanaman (plant) Asia: India Sin: peanut chlorotic mottle virus (PCMV) groundnut, peanut), Vigna sp. (kacang Vector: panjang, cowpea), Tetragonia tetragonioides Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae
75. Peanut stunt cucumovirus (PSV) (P): Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanah, I benih (seed), Europe: France, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Sin: Black locust true mosaic virus, Clover blotch virus, groundnut, peanut), Glycine max (kedelai, tanaman (plant) Spain, Georgia Groundnut stunt virus, Peanut common mosaic virus, soybean), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, Asia: China, Japan, Korea Robinia mosaic virus tomato), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), pea, Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea) Vector: Africa: Morocco, Sudan Aphis craccivora , A. America: USA spiraecola, Myzus persicae
76. Plum pox virus (PPV) ; Potyvirus (P): Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus I Buah (fruits), polong Europe : Albania, Austria, Bosnia and domestica (plum), Prunus dulcis (almond), (pods), daun Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Sin: plum pox potyvirus; Prunus virus 7; Annulus pruni; Prunus persica (peach), Prunus salicina (leaves), batang Czech Republic, France, Germany, Sharka virus (Japanese plum) (stems), akar (root), Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, benih/biji (seeds), Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, (S): Juglans regia (walnut), Prunus avium dan bibit (seedling). Norway, Poland, Portugal, , Romania, (sweet cherry), Prunus besseyi (bessey Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, cherry), Prunus cerasifera (myrobalan plum), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine, UK Prunus spinosa (blackthorn), Prunus tomentosa (Nanking cherry tree) Asia : India, Iran, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Syria, Turkey (Wild hosts): Prunus glandulosa (flowering almond), Prunus japonica (Japanese bush Africa : Egypt cherry tree), Prunus serotina (black cherry) America : Canada, USA, Argentina, Chile
77. Potato black ringspot nepovirus (PBRSV); Sin: (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) I umbi (tuber), America: Peru potato calico strain of tobacco ringspot virus, Andean tanaman (plant) (S): Arracacia xanthorrhiza , Oxalis tuberose potato calico strain of tobacco ringspot virus, Andean potato calico strains nepovirus
78. Potato mop-top pomovirus (PMTV) (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) I umbi (tuber), Europe: Czech, Slovakia, Denmark, Sin: Potato mop-top furovirus tanaman (plant) Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, UK Vector: Asia: China: Taiwan, Israel, Japan, Spongospora 163
subterranea Pakistan America: Bolivia, Canada , Chile, Peru, USA
79. Potato spindle tuber pospiviroid (PSTV) (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), I benih (seed), umbi Europe: Belarus, Germany, Poland, Sin: Potato spindle viroid, Spindle tuber viroid,Potato Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), (tuber, polen, Russia (Southern Russia), Ukraine gothic virus, tomato bunchy top viroid Persea americana (alpokat, avocado) tanaman (plant) Asia: Afghanistan, China, India (S): Beta vulgaris var saccharifera (bit gula, Vector: Macrosiphum Africa: Egypt, Nigeria, Argentina sugar beet) euphorbiae, Myzus persicae America: Canada, Chile, Costa Rica,
Peru, USA, Venezuela Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
80. Potato Vein Yellowing crinivirus (PYVV) (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) I umbi (tuber), America: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Sin: Potato vein-yellowing disease, Potato yellow vein tanaman (plant) Venezuela disease Vector: Trialeurodes vaporariorum
81. Potato T trichovirus (PV-T) P: Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato) I umbi (tuber), benih America: Bolivia, Peru, Uruguay Sin: Potato T capillovirus (seed), tanaman S: Oxalis tuberosa , Ullucus tuberosus (plant)
82. Potato U Nepovirus (PV-U) (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), I umbi (tuber), benih America: Peru Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Beta (seed) vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Cucumis sativus Vector: (mentimun, cucumber), Lycopersicum Longidorus sp. esculentum (tomat, tomato)
83. Potato yellow dwarf virus (PYDV); Nucleorhabdovirus (P ): Solanum tuberosum (potato) I Umbi (tubers, bulbs), America : Canada, USA Sin: Potato yellow dwarf nucleorhabdovirus; yellow titik tumbuh (Growing (S): Catharanthus roseus (Pink periwinkle), dwarf of potato points), daun Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Mirabilis (leaves), akar (roots), jalapa (marvel of Peru), Nicotiana alata batang (stems), (sweet-scented tobacco), Tagetes erecta organ vegetatif (African marigold), Zinnia elegans (zinnia) (vegetative organs) (Wild hosts): Anthemis cotula (dog fennel), dan seluruh tanaman Brassica nigra (black mustard), Erysimum 164
cheiranthoides (Treacle mustard), Lepidium (whole plant.) campestre (Field cress), Lepidium virginicum (n peppercress), Verbascum thapsus (Aaron's-rod)
84. Prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (PNRSV) (P): Prunus persica , Prunus cerasus, Prunus I benih (seed), polen, America: USA Sin: rose line pattern virus, European plum line pattern persica , Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), Prunus batang (stem), Europe virus, hop B virus, hop C virus, peach ringspot virus, domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus dulcis tanaman (plant) plum line pattern virus, prunus ringspot virus, red (almon, almond), Humulus , Cucumis sativus Australia currant necrotic ringspot virus, rose chlorotic mottle (ketimun, cucumber) virus, rose vein banding virus, rose yellow vein mosaic Asia: Asia subtropic virus, sour cherry necrotic ringspot virus
85. Raspberry ring spot nepovirus (RpRSV) (P) : Rubus spp. (raspberry), Fragaria vesca I benih (seed), pollen, Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, Sin: Raspberry Scottish leaf curl virus, Red currant (arbei, strawberry), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, tanaman (plant) Finland, France, Germany, Greece, ringspot virus, Red currant ringspot virus cherry), Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, Vector: Longidorus Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, elongatus,L. domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus americana Spain, Switzerland, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, macrosoma (aprikot, apricot), Prunus persica (persik, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, peach), Fragaria vesca (arbei, Montenegro, Macedonia strawberry) Ligustrum vulgare , Narsisus Asia: Kazakhstan, Turkey, Siberia pseudonar cissus , Ribes, Weigela (S) : Daphne, Forsythia, Phlox , Cynara scolymus
86. Rice Black Streaked Virus (RBSDV) (P): Avena sativa (oat, oats), Hordeum vulgare I benih (seed), bagian Asia: China, Japan, Korea Sin: Rice black-streaked dwarf fijivirus; Rice black (barley), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) , Triticum tanaman (part of America: Argentina streak virus; Rice streak (dwarf) virus; Black streaked aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, plant) dwarf disease maize) (S): Beckmannia syzigachne (american sloughgrass), Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Festuca arundinacea (reed fescue), Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), Panicum miliaceum (millet), Phleum pratense (timothy), Poa annua (annual meadowgrass), Secale cereale (rye), Setaria italica (foxtail millet), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Triticum (wheat)
165
87. Rice Dwarf phytoreovirus (RDV) (P): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) I Tanaman (plant) Asia: China, Japan, Korea, Nepal Sin: Rice mosaic virus, Rice stunt, Oryza virus 1 Vector: Nephotettix cincticeps, N. nigropictus, Nephotettix spp., Recilia dorsalis
88. Rice hoja blanca tenuivirus (RHBV) (P): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Triticum I tanaman (plant) America: Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Sin: Echinochloa hoja blanca virus aestivum (gandum, wheat), Avena sativa Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Vector: Tagosodes (oat, oats ) Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, orizicolus Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, (S): Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley),Secale Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad cereale (rye) and Tobago, USA, Venezuela
89. Rice stripe tenuivirus (RSV) (P): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) I tanaman (plant), biji Europe: Russia (kontaminan) (S): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Triticum Asia: Siberia, China, Japan, Korea aestivum (gandum, wheat), Avena sativa Vector: (oat, oats), Hordeum vulgare (barli, barley), Laodelphax Secale cereale (rye), rumput-rumputan striatellus, Terthron albovittatum,Unkano des sapporona, U. albifascia
90. Rice transitory yellowing nucleo rhabdovirus (RTYV) (P): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) I tanaman (plant) Asia: China, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos Vector: Nephotettix cincticeps, N. nigropictus, N. virescens
91. Rice yellow mottle sobemovirus (RYMV) (P): Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) I tanaman (plant) Africa: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea- Vector: Sesselia Bissau,Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, pusilla , Chaetocnema Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, spp., Dactylispa spp., Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Dicladisa
166
viridicyanea , Tanzania: Zanzi bar, Zimbabwe Trichispa sericea , Chrysomelidae lain
92. Rose streak virus (RSV) (P): Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) I batang (stem), Africa: South Africa tanaman (plant) America: USA Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
93. Satsuma dwarf orange nepovirus (SDV) (P): Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange) I mata tunas (eyebud), Asia: China, Iran, Japan , Korea, Turkey Sin: Citrus mosaic virus, Natsudaidai dwarf virus, Navel benih (seed), orange infectious mottling virus, Citrus satsuma dwarf tanaman (plant) nepovirus, Citrus (navel orange) infectious mottling virus
94. Squash mosaic comovirus (SqMV) (P): Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus vulgaris I benih (seed), Europe: Greece, Italy, Netherland Sin: cucurbit ring mosaic virus, musk melon mosaic (semangka, watermelon), Cucumis melo tanaman (plant) Asia: Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, como virus, muskmelon necrotic mosaic virus, squash (melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, Vector: Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, mosaic comovirus, pumpkin mosaic virus, watermelon cucumber), Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu Lebanon, Philippines, Yemen, stunt virus parang, pumpkin), C. pepo Acalymma trivittata, A. thiemei Africa: Egypt, Morocco thiemei,Diabrotica America: Argentina, Brazil , Canada , undecimpunctata Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, undecimpunctata, D. USA, Venezuela bivittula, Epilachna chrysomelina; E. Oceania: New Zealand paenulata
95. Strawberry crinkle virus (SCV) (P): Fragaria (strawberry), Fragaria ananassa I bunga (flower), buah Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, Sin: strawberry crinkle rhabdovirus, strawberry latent (fruit), bibit tanaman France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, virus A, strawberry crinkle cytorhabdovirus, (seedling) Poland, Serbia-Montenegro, Slovakia, UK, Scotland strawberry latent virus B, strawberry latent A, (mild form), strawberry latent A, strawberry latent B, Asia: China, Israel, Japan,Kazakhstan, strawberry lesion A, strawberry lesion B, strawberry Korea vein chlorosis Africa: South Africa America: Canada , Mexico, USA,Brazil,Chile Oceania: Australia,Fiji, New Zealand
167
96. Strawberry latent C rhabdovirus (SLCV) (P): Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry) I suluran (stolon) Asia: Japan Vector: Chaetosiphon America: Canada, USA fragaefolii
97. Strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV) (P): Fragaria (strawberry), Fragaria ananassa I Bunga (flower), buah Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, Sin: Strawberry mild yellow edge disease; Strawberry (strawberry), Fragaria chiloensis (Chilean (fruit), bibit tanaman France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, yellow edge; Strawberry mild yellow edge potexvirus; strawberry), Fragaria ovali s, Fragaria vesca (seedling) Netherlands, Poland, Serbia- Strawberry mild yellow edge associated virus; (wild strawberry), Fragaria na (scarlet Montenegro, Slovakia, Switzerland, UK Strawberry xanthosis;strawberry virus 2 strawberry (UK)) Asia: China,Israel, Japan Africa: South Africa America: Canada , USA,Brazil, Chile, Paraguay Oceania: Australia,New Zealand
98. Strawberry latent ring spot nepovirus (SLRSV) Sin: (P): Apium graveolens,Asparagus officinalis I benih (seed), Europe: Belgium, Czech, Finland, Aesculus line pattern virus, rhubarb virus 5 (asparagus, asparagus), Fragaria vesca tanaman (plant) France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, (arbei, strawberry), Lilium , Narsisus , Prunus Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Vector: Xiphinema americana (aprikot, apricot), Prunus avium , Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, diversicaudatum, X. Prunus domesticum (plam, plum), Prunus UK (England, Wales), Northern Ireland, coxi, Paralongidorus persica (persik, peach), Rheum hybridum, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and maximus Ribes nigrum, R.rubrum, Rubus fruticosa, Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Trifolium repens,Vitis vinifera (anggur, Asia: Turkey grapevine). America: USA (S): Aesculus, Humulus lupulus, Pastinaca sativa Oceania: Australia
99. Strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV) (P): Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry), Fragaria I daun (leaf), bibit Europe: Czech, Denmark, Germany, Sin: Strawberry veinbanding caulimovirus; Strawberry (strawberry), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry) tanaman (seedling) Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Russia, virus 5 Serbia, Slovakia, UK Asia: China,Japan America: Canada,USA, Brazil, Chile Oceania: Australia
100. Sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus (SCBV) (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) I tunas (bud), batang America: Cuba, Morocco, USA (stem), mata tunas 168
(eye -bud)
101. Sugarcane mild mosaic virus (SCMMV) (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) I bagian tanaman (part Ref: of plant) Ganoo S., Autrey L.J.C., Lockhart B.E.L. , 1998. Distribution of sugarcane mild mosaic virus in sugarcane germplasm in Mauritius. Sugar Cane 2: 22–24. Autrey, L. J. C., Ganoo, S., and Saumtally, S. (1994). Occurrence of sugarcane mild mosaic virus in sugarcane germplasm in Mauritius. In : BSES Program and Abstracts, 4th ISSCT Pathology Workshop, Brisbane, Australia , 4th-9th April 1994, p. 24. Brisbane. BSES. (Abstract only) Lockhart B.E., Autrey L.J.C., 2000. Mild mosaic. In: A guide to sugarcane diseases, P. Rott, R. Bailey, J.C. Comstock, B. Croft and S. Saumtally (Eds), p. 245-248. Montpellier, France , CIRAD/ISSCT.
102. Sugarcane yellow leaf luteovirus (ScYLV) (P); Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) I batang (stem), America: USA, Mexico, Cuba, Dominica, suluran (stolon), Peru, Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, Hawai, (S): S.robustum, S. sinensis, S.spontaneum tanaman (plant) Jamaica, Barbados, Guatemala, El Salvador Vector: Asia: Iran, India, Thailand Melanaphis sacchari, Rhopalosiphum Africa: Morocco, Uganda, Senegal, maidis Kenya, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Reunion, Mauritius Oceania: Australia, Papua New Guinea
103. Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) ; Tobravirus (P): Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera I Titik tumbuh Europe : Austria, Belarus, Belgium, (sugarbeet), Capsicum annuum (bell pepper), (Growing points), Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Czech Sin: tobacco rattle tobravirus; aster ringspot virus; Freesia , Gladiolus hybrids (sword lily), Iris daun (leaves), Republic and Slovakia , Denmark, potato stem mottle virus; peony mosaic virus; (irises), Lilium candidum (madonna lily), batang (stems), Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, belladonna mosaic virus; peony ringspot virus; paeony Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Secale cereale organ vegetatif Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, mosaic virus; paeony ringspot virus; potato corky (rye), Solanum tuberosum (potato), Tulipa (vegetative organs) Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, ringspot virus; ratel virus; Tabakmauche Virus; 169
Tabakstreifen - und Kra; spinach yellow mot tle virus; (tulip) dan semua tanaman Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, tulip white streak virus; Oregon yellow virus; spinach (whole plant). Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, (S): Allium cepa (onion), Allium sativum yellow mottle; fraxinus virus Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, (garlic), Alstroemeria (Inca lily), Anemone Switzerland, UK (windflower), Brassica sp. , Cyclamen , Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (globe Asia : Bangladesh, China, India, Israel, artichoke), Fraxinus (ashes), Hosta spp. , Japan, Korea Republic of (South Korea) , Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lilium longiflorum Uzbekistan, (Easter lily), Narcissus (daffodil), Peperomia , Africa : Egypt , South Africa, Tunisia Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Phlox , Phlox paniculata (summer perennial phlox) America : Cuba, Canada, USA, Bolivia, Brazil (Wild hosts): Amaranthus (grain amaranth), Artemisia (wormwoods), Artemisia vulgaris Oceania : Australia, New Zealand (mugwort ), Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse), Galium mollugo (Hedge bedstraw), Malva (mallow), Physalis (Groundcherry), Plantago (Plantain), Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Rumex (Dock ), Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), Sonchus (Sowthistle), Stellaria media (common chickweed), Tussilago farfara (Colt's-foot), Viola arvensis (feld pansy)
104. Tobacco streak ilarvirus (TSV) (P): Vigna spp. (kacang panjang, cowpea), I buah (fruit), bunga Europe: Denmark, Serbia, Slovenia, Sin: Asparagus stunt virus, Asparagus stunt virus, Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), (flower), daun (leaf), Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Datura quercina virus, New logan virus, Nicotiana virus Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), tunas (bud), akar Montenegro, Macedonia, France, 8, Nico-tiana virus vulnerans, strawberry necrotic shock Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, chilies, (root), batang (stem), Netherlands, Norway, Scotland virus, tractus orae, Black raspberry latent ilarvirus, red pepper), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), benih (seed) Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Black raspberry latent virus, Bean red node strain, Fragaria , Asparagus officinalis (asparagus, Singapore Black raspberry latent strain asparagus), Cynara scolymus , Gossypium herbaceum , Helianthus annuus (bunga Africa: South Africa matahari, sunflower), Lactuca sativa (letus, lettuce), Medicago sativa , Vigna sp. (kacang America: Argentina, Brazil , Canada , panjang, cowpea), Vigna angularis , Pisum Mexico, Peru, USA, Venezuela sativum,Rubus sp. (black raspberry), Solanum Oceania: Australia, New Zealand tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trifolium pratense (S): Carica papaya (pepaya, pawpaw), Cichorium endivia , Cicer arietinum ,Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cyphomandra 170
betacea , Dahlia , Eustoma grandiflorum , Gladiolus hybrids, Melilotus alba, raspberry, Rubus ursinus, Trigonella foenumgraecum
105. Tomato Aspermy cucumovirus (TAV) (P): Chrysanthemum spp. (krisan, chrysant), I benih (seed), Europe: Estonia, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Sin: Chrysanthemum aspermy virus, Chrysanthemum aster, Capsicum annuum (cabai, hot pepper, tanaman (plant) Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, mild mottle virus, tomato aspermy cucumovirus, chilies, red pepper), Lycopersicum esculentum Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Vector: Chrysanthemum mosaic virus,cucumis virus 1, (tomat, tomato), Canna sp., Lilium sp., Mentha Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and lycopersicon virus 7 spicata,Petunia hybrida, Zinnia elegans Myzus persicae Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Poland, Romania Asia: China, India, Japan, America: Canada, USA Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
106. Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) ; Nepovirus (P): Allium cepa (onion), Allium porrum (leek), I Benih (seeds), buah Europe : Albania, Belarus, Belgium, Apium graveolens (celery), Beta vulgaris var. (fruits), polong Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Sin: tomato black ring nepovirus; bean ringspot virus; saccharifera (sugarbeet), Brassica napus var. (pods), daun Finland, France, Germany, Greece, beet ringspot virus; lettuce ringspot virus; potato napobrassica (swede), Brassica rapa subsp. rapa (leaves), dan seluruh Hungary, Ireland, Moldova, Netherlands, bouquet virus; potato pseudo-aucuba virus (turnip), Capsicum (peppers), Cucumis sativus tanaman (whole Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, (cucumber), Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (globe artichoke), Fragaria (strawberry), Fragaria plant.) Serbia and Montenegro, Sweden, ananassa (strawberry), Gladiolus hybrids (sword Switzerland, UK, Scotland lily), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lycopersicon Asia : India, Japan, Turkey esculentum (tomato), Narcissus (daffodil), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Prunus persica America : Chile (peach), Ribes (currants), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Solanum melongena (aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (potato), Vitis vinifera (grapevine) (S): Forsythia intermedia (Golden bells), Syringa vulgaris (lilac) (Wild hosts): Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse), Herbaceous hosts , Lamium amplexicaule (henbit deadnettle), Sambucus nigra (elder)
107. Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV) (P) : Fragaria chiloensis (Chilean strawberry) , I benih (seed), Europe: Belarus, Belgium, Bulgarium, Sin: Tomato ringspot nepovirus, Prunus stem pitting Malus domestica (apple) , Nicotiana tabacum tanaman (plant), Croatia, Czech, Denmark, Finland, virus, blackberry (Himalaya) mosaic virus, Nicotiana 13 (tobacco) , Pelargonium ( pelargoniums ), bagian tanaman (part France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, virus, Tobacco ringspot virus 2, peach stem pitting virus, Prunus (stone fruit) , Prunus armeniaca of plant). Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, prune brown line virus, gravelins yellow vein virus, Red (apricot) , Prunus avium (sweet cherry) , Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Montenegro, 171
currant mosaic vurus, winter peach mosaic virus, apple Prunus cerasus (sour cherry) , Prunus Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, UK union necrotic nepovirus domestica (plum) , Prunus persica (peach) , Asia: China, Iran, Japan, Jordan, South Prunus salicina (Japanese plum) , Ribes Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Turkey (currants) , Rubbus (blackberry, Raspberry) , Rubbus idaeus (raspberry) , Vitis vinifera Africa : Egypt, Togo, Tunisia (grapevine) , America: Puerto Rico, Canada, Mexico, USA, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Venezuela Oceania : Australia, New Zealand
172
VI. GULMA / WEEDS
NO. NAMA ILMIAH/ORDO/FAMILI/NAMA UMUM/ MEDIA PEMBAWA/ GOL/ DAERAH ASAL/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/TAXON/ COMMON NAME PATHWAY GROUP GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1. Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.; (Elymus repens = Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Poaceae, II Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Elytrigia repens =Triticum repens); Poaceae; Avena sativa (oat, oats ) , Beta vulgaris var France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, quack grass, couch grass, quackgrass, rope twich saccharifera (bit gula, sugar beet), Brassica Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, spp., Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Helianthus Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden: Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hordeum Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, vulgare (barli, barley), Linum usitatissimum , Montenegro, Macedonia, Medicago sativa , pastures , Phaseolus spp., Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Bangladesh, Georgia, India, Iran, Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Secale Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey cereale (rye) , Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Trifolium,Zea mays (jagung, corn, Africa: Egypt, Nigeria maize) America: Argentina, Canada, Ecuador, USA Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea
2. Alopecurus myosuroides (Hudson); Poaceae; Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Hordeum II Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia, blackgrass, slender foxtail vulgare (barli, barley), Brassica napus var. Denmark, France, Corsica, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, napus , Secale cereale (rye) Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK
Asia: Afghanistan, China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordania, Lebanon, Pakistan,Turkey Africa: Northern Africa America: Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Mexico, Peru, USA, Uruguay, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
3. Alectra sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze; Schropulariaceae Leguminoceae (kacang-kacangan) II Africa
173
Asia : India, Myanmar, China, Philippines
4. Alectra vogelli (Benth); Schropulariaceae Leguminoceae (kacang-kacangan) II Europe : Switzerland Africa : South Africa, Central Africa, Mali, Kenya
5. Alectra orobanchoides (Benth); (= A kirkii Benth. Kick; Leguminoceae (kacang-kacangan) II Africa : Kenya tobacco witch weed
6. Asphodelus fistulosus (L.); Asphodelaceae; onion weed, Cicer arietinum, Linum usitatissimum,Nicotiana II Europe: Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, asphodelus, wild onion tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Pisum sativum Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, , (kapri, sweet pea), Solanum tuberosum Spain, Balearic Islands. (kentang, potato), Triticum aestivum (gandum, Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, wheat) Malaysia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Yemen Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Mauritius, Morocco, Sudan America: Bolivia, Mexico, Peru, USA Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
7. Bunchnera hispida (Bunch.Ham.Ex Don); Sorghum bicolor (cantel, sorghum), Setaria italic II Africa : Africa Southeast and Tropic Orobanchaceae (jewawut, millet) Asia : India, Madagaskar
8. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. ; (= Cirsium incanum = Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Aeschynomene II Europe: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, C.lanatum =C.setosum =C.arvensis); Asteraceae; falcata , Avena sativa (oat, oats) , Bromus , Brassica Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, california thistle, canada thistle, creeping thistle, field napus var. napus,Carthamus tinctorius, Coronilla Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, thistle varia, Dactylis glomerata, Fagopyron Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, esculentum,Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hordeum Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, China, India, Iran, Japan, Korea, vulgare (barli, barley), Linum usitatissimum, Lotus Lebanon, Pakistan, Turkey corniculatus , Lu Pinus merkusii (tusam, pinetree), Medicago sativa, Onobrychis viciifolia, Panicum Africa: Angola, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tunisia, miliaceum, Phleum, Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Zimbabwe Poa, Polyphagous, Secale cereal e (rye) , Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Trifolium, Triticum America: Canada, Chile, Mexico, USA aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, corn, Oceania: Australia, New Zealand. maize)
9. Cuscuta monogyna (Vahl.); Convolvulaceae Leguminoceae, jeruk, Tamarix, Salix II Europe : France, South Europe
174
Asia : Central East, Afghanistan Oceania: Mediteranean
10. Cuscuta japonica ( Choisy); Convolvulaceae Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Terong, II Asia : Japan Tomat
11. Cuscuta pedicellata ( Ledeb) ;Convolvulaceae Leguminoceae II Asia : Central Asia, Central East Asia Oceania: Eastern Mediteranean
12. Cuscuta planiflora ( Ten.); ( = C. Approximate); Leguminoceae II America: North America Convolvulaceae Asia: Central Asia Oceania: Mediteranean
13. Cuscuta epilinum ( Weike); Convolvulaceae Flax dan Linseed II Europe America : Canada, USA Africa : Ethiopia, Egypt, Morocco, South Africa Asia : Cyprus
14. Cuscuta epithyum (L.) Murr. (= C. Trifoli) .; Herbaceous, Legume II Europe Convolvulaceae America : North America, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana Asia : Japan, West Asia Africa : South Africa Oceania : Australia
15. Cuscuta indecora ( Choisy.); Convolvulaceae; Thin-vine Leguminoceae II Europe : Greece dodder America : North dan Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana Africa : Morocco
175
16. Cuscuta gronovii ( Willd.); Convolvulaceae; Swamp Herbaceous, Kentang, Lada, Celery II Europe dodder North America
17. Digitaria scalarum (Schweinf.) Chiov.; Agave part oflana , Ananas comosus (nenas, II Africa: Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, (=Digitaria abyssinica =D.abyssinica var. scalarum pineapple), Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Tanzania, Madagascar =D.eichingeri =D.hackelii =D.merkeri =D.mutica Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Asia: SaudiArabia, India, Sri Lanka,. =D.scalarum =D.somaliensis =D.tangaensis =D.vestita Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Zea =Panicum abyssinicum =P.hackelii =P.kafuroense mays (jagung, corn, maize) =P.muticum =P.scalarum); Poaceae; cough grass
18. Emex australis (Steinh.) ; Polygonaceae;Spiny Emex Glycine max (kedelai,soybean) II America : North America Africa :South Africa Oceania : Australia
19. Melampyrum arvense (L.); Orobanchaceae Cereal, Gandum, Barley II Europe : West Europe Asia : West Asia
20. Odontites verna ( Bell) Dum; (= Bastsia odontites = O. Grasses, Lucerne, Gandum II Europe : Southeast Europe serotinus) ; Orobanchaceae America : North America Asia : Turkey
21. Orobanche ramosa ( L.); (= O. mutelii, O. nana); Tanaman Solanaceae, Cruciferae dan Legume II Europe : Central Europe Orobanchaceae ; Broomrapes America : USA, Cuba
Africa : North Africa
Asia : Central East Oceania : Australia
22. Orobanche cernua ( Loefl.); (= O. Cumana); Tanaman Compositae, Solanaceae II Europe : Southeast Europe, North Europe, Rusia Orobanchaceae Africa : Tanzania, Uganda Asia : India Oceania : Australia
176
23. Orobanche gracilis (SM.); Orobanchaceae; Broomrapes Legume II Europe : Sout East Europe Africa : Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania
24. Orobanche foetida (Poir.), Orobanchaceae; Broomrapes Bean II Europe :Spain Africa : Morocco, Tunisia
25. Partheniumhysterophorus L.; Asteraceae;Parthenium Pasture, sun flower (bunga matahari) II America: Tropical America, Caribean Island weeds Asia: India, Pakistan Oceania: Eastern Queensland
26. Praxelis clematidea R.M. King & H. Robinson; Pasture II America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, (= Eupatorium catarium Veldk.); Asteraceae Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana, Guyana
Asia: Hongkong Oceania: Australia
27. Rhinanthus angustifolius (C. Gmelin); (= R. major = R. Gandum, Barley II Europe serotinus ); Orobanchaceae Asia: West Asia America: North America
28. Rhinanthus minor ( L.); Orobanchaceae Gandum, Barley II Europe America: North America Asia: West Asia
29. Ramphicarpa fistulosa (Hochst)Benth ; (= Padi, Jagung, Rumput-rumputan II Africa : Africa Tropik, South Africa R. Longiflora) ; Schropulariaceae
30. Striga hermonthica (Benth.); (= S. senegalensis ); Jagung, Sorgum, millet, Padi, Tebu II Africa : Africa, Angola, Namibia, Madagascar, Sudan, Ethiopia parasitic weed
31. Striga aspera (Willd.), parasitic weed Jagung, Sorgum, millet, II Africa : West Africa, Cameroon, Sudan, Ethiopia, Tanzania
177
32. Striga pasarggei (Engl.); parasitic weed Jagung/1 II Asia : Saudi Arabia Africa : Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Nigeria
33. Striga forbesii (Benth); parasitic weed Jagung II Africa : Africa, Madagaskar
34. Striga latericea (Vatke); (= S. somaliensis ); Tebu II Africa : Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia Orobanchaceae; parasitic weed
35. Striga gesnerioides (Willd) Vatke; (= S. Orobanchoides Tembakau, Ubi jalar, Cowpea II America : = Buchnera gesnerioides ); Orobanchaceae; cowpea Africa : Sudan striga Asia : Morocco, Sri Langka, India, Saudi Arabia 36. Thesium humile (Vahl.); Santalaceae Barly, grasses, Tebu II Europe : Spain Africa : North Africa
37. Thesium resdoides ; Santalaceae Barly, grasses, Tebu II Africa : South Africa
38. Thesium australe (R. Br.); Santalaceae Barly, grasses, Tebu II Oceania : Australia
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VII. TUNGAU / MITES
NO. NAMA ILMIAH/ORDO/FAMILI/NAMA UMUM/ INANG / GOL / MEDIA PEMBAWA/ DAERAH SEBAR / SCIENTIFIC NAME / TAXON / COMMON NAME HOSTS GROUP PATHWAYS GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1. Aceria cajani Channabasavanna; Eriophydae, Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, pigeon II bagian tanaman (part of Asia: India, Myanmar, Thailand, Nephal Arachnida; pigeon pea mite pea), Cajanus scarabaeoides plants) (kacang gude, peanut grass)
2. Aceria ficus (Cotte); (=Aceria fici =Eriophyes fici Ficus carica (buah ara, fig) II bagian tanaman (part of Asia: Japan, India =E.ficus) ; Eriophyidae, Arachnida; fig blister mite, plants) Eropa : All fig mite, fig rust mite America : North america
Africa: all Africa
3. Aceria guerrenronis Keifer; (=Eriophyes Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut) II buah (fruit), bagian Asia: India, Sri Lanka, Oman guerreronis) ; Eriophyidae, Arachnida; coconut mite dan Lytocaryum weddellianum tanaman (part of plants) Africa: Benin, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe, Tanzania, Togo, New Guinea America: Anguilla, Bahamas, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico,Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent & the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela.Costa Rica
4. Aculops lycopersici Tryon.; (=Aculops destructor (P): Lycopersicum esculentum II buah (fruit), bagian Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, France, Greece, =Aculus destructor =A.lycopersici =Phyllocoptes (tomat, tomato), Ipo-moea batatas tanaman (part of plants) Hungary, Italy, Sisilia, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, destructor =P.lycopersici =Vasates destructor (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Nicotiana Portugal, , Russia, Spain, Swedia, Ukraina, UK, Channel Islands, England and Wales =V.lycopersici); Eriophyidae, Arachnida; tomato tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), russet mite, tomato mite Solanum melongena (terung, Asia: Cina, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Saudi eggplant), Solanum tuberosum Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Turki, Uzbekistan 179
(kentang, potato) Africa: Angola, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Mauritius, Maroko, Mozambique, Senegal, South Africa, Tunisia, (S): Capsicum annuum (paprika, Zambia, Zimbabwe bell-pepper), Browallia americana,Convolvulus , Datura America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bermuda, spp ., Petunia hybrida, Physalis Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Curaçao, Guyana France, Grenada, peruviana, Solanum spp., Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Trinidad and Convolvulus arvensis,Physalis Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela minima Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Vanuatu
5. Aculops pelekassi Keifer; (= Aculus pelekas-si ); Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange) II buah (fruit), bagian Asia: South Korea Japan ,Taiwan ,Thailand Eriophyidae, Arachnida; pink citrus rust mite tanaman (part of plants) America : (USA) ,Brazil Europe : Italy,Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia
6. Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa); (=Aculus (P): Malus domesticum (apel, apple) II buah (fruit), bagian Europe: Austria,Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, malivagrans =Phyllocoptes schlechtendali tanaman (part of plants) Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, (S ): Pyrus communis (pir, pear), =Vasates malivagrans =Vasates schlechten-dali); Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Malus sylvestris ( crab-apple tree) Eriophyidae, Arachnida; apple rust mite, apple bud Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, mite, apple leaf mite, rusty leaf mite Swedia, Swiss, Ukraina, UK Asia: China, India, Japan, Lebanon, Pakistan Africa: Egypt, South Africa America: Kanada, USA, Chile Oceania: New Zealand, Australia
7. Brevipalpus californicus Bank.; (=Brevipal-pus (P ): Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) , II buah (fruit), bagian Europe: Cyprus, France, Greece, Crete,Italy, Portugal, australis =B.browningi =B.confusis =B. woglumi Citrus spp. tanaman (part of plants) Russia, UE. =Hystripalpus californicus =Tenuipal-pus australis (S): Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, Asia: Georgia, India, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, =T.californicus =T.vitis) ; Tenui-palpidae, Arachnida: lady’s finger), Citharexylum Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand citrus flat mite, red flat mite, scarlet mite of tea, quadrangulare, Cymbidium, bunch mite Cucurbita, Dendrobium, Ipomoea batatas (ubi alar, sweet po-tato), Africa: Algeria, Angola, Congo, Egypt, Libya, Mozambique, Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Vigna Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe sinensis (buncis, common bean), Phalaenopsis, Psidium guajava America: Brazil, Costa Rica, Guyana France, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, USA ,Mauritania (jambu biji, guava), Pittosporum, 180
Rhododen -dron, Robinia, Schinus Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea terebinthifolius , Sesbania sesban, Tetragonia tetragonioides , Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Chenopodium ambrosioides, Cinnamomum burmanii (kayu manis, cassiavera), Lablab purpureus , Solanum spp.
8. Bryobia rubrioculus Scheuten; (=Bryobia arborea , (P): Malus domesticum (apel, II bagian tanaman (part of Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Uni Soviet, France, B.redikorzevi); Tetranychidae, Arachnida; brown apple), Prunus spp., Pyrus plant) Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, apple mite, brown mite; brown, bryobia mite, pear communis (pir, pear), Pyrus javonica Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
bryobia mites (Japonica), Ulmus sp. (elm) Russia, Spain, Swiss, Ukraina, UK (S ): Arachis hypogaea (kacang Asia: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Cina, Georgia, India, Iran, tanah, groundnut, peanut), Iraq, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Turkey, Gossypium barbadens (kapas, Uzbekistan cotton), Africa: Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chili, Mexico, USA, Uruguay Oceania: Australia, New Zealand.
9. Eotetranychus willamettei (McGregor); Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), II bagian tanaman (part of America: USA (=Tetranychus willamettei) ; Tetranychidae, Acernegundo , Quercusgarryana , plants)
Arachnida; willamette mite Quercuslobata, Eriogonumjamesi , Amelanchier sp., Malusdomestica (Apel, Apple ), Purshiatridentata, Pyruscommunis (Pie, pear ), Sorbusdomestica , Ulmus sp. (Elm)
10. Eutetranychus orientalis Klein.; (=Anychus (P); Citrus , Abelmoschus esculentus II bagian tanaman (part of Europe: Cyprus orientalis =A.ricini =Eutetranychus anneckei (okra, lady’s finger) , Codiaeum plants) Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cina, India, Iran, Israel, =E.monodi =E.sudanicus); Tetranychidae, variegatum , Carica papaya (pepaya, Japan, Yordania, Lebanon, Pakistan, Philippines, Arachnida; Citrus brown mite, oriental mite, oriental pawpaw), Ficus carica (fig), Thailand, Turkey, Yemen red mite, oriental spider mite Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Morus alba (murbei, Africa: Cape Verde, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya,
mulberry) , Nephelium lappaceum Libya, Malawi, Mauritania, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, (rambutan), Plumeria , Ricinus Sudan, Swaziland communis , Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Phaleria Oceania: Australia 181
macrocarpa (Mahkota dewa) (S): Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Musa paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Olea europea sub- sp . europea (zaitun, olive), Prunus amygdalus (almon, almond), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Caladium spp . (Keladi)
11. Mononychellus tanajoa Bondar: (=Mononychellus (P): Lycopersicum esculentum II bagian tanaman (part of Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central caribbeanae =Mononychus tanajoa (tomat, tomato), Mani hot esculenta plants) Africa, Chad, Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, =Eotetranychus caribbeanae =E.caribbeanus = (ubi kayu, cassava) Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Tetranychus tanajoa); Tetranychidae, Arachnida; Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan, (S): Vigna sinensis (buncis, common cassava mite, cassava green mite Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe bean), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chili, Colombia, Dominica, Ekuador, Falklands, Guyana France, Guyana, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Oceania: Australia
12. Oligonychus peruvianus Mc Gregor 1917= (P) : Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, II Benih (seeds of), America : Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Tetranychus peruvianus Mc Gregor, Pritchard & cassava) bagian tanaman (parts Mexico, Peru, Trinidad andTobago, USA, Venezuela Baker, 1955); Cassava White spot spider mite of plant) (S) : Ceratonia siliqua , Citrus aurantium, Coffea Arabica (kopi, coffee), Daucus carota (Daucus carota (wortel, car-rot) ,Gossypium , Persea americana (alpokat, avoca- do) , Trifolium repens , Vitis . Oxalis sp.
13. Oligonychus yothersi (P): Coffea spp. (kopi.coffee), II Tanaman dan (plants America: Costa Rica, Cuba, USA, Chili. Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), and) bagian tanaman Avocado red mite (part of plants of) Persia americana (Alpokat,
Avocado )
182
14. Panonychus ulmi (Tetranychidae)(Koch) = (P): Malus domesticum (apel, II Daun (leaf ), bagian Europe : Albania; Austria; Belarus; Belgium; Bulgaria; Paratetranychus ulmi Koch = Metatetranychus ulmi apple), Pyrus communis (pir, pear), tanaman (part of plant Czech; Denmark; Finland; Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Koch= Tetranychus pilosus Canestrini et Fanzago = Prunus persika (persik, peach), of) Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia; Tetranychus mytilaspidis Ewing; European red Prunus domesticum (plum ), Prunus France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Latvia; spider mite cerasus (sour ceri). Lithuania; Moldova; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal; ; Romania; Russia; Spain; Swedia; Switzerland, (S) : Arachis hypogaea (kacang Ukraina, UK. tanah, groundnut), Cedrus (cedars), Citrus , Citrus deliciosa (jeruk Asia : Afghanistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Cina; Georgia mediterranean mandarin), Citrus (Republic); India; Iran; Israel; Japan; Korea Republic of reticulata (jeruk mandarin), Coffea (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan; Lebanon; Syria; Turki. (kopi, coffee), Corylus , Gossypium Tajikistan dan Uzbekistan. (kapas, cotton), Morus alba (mora), Africa : Algeria; Egypt; Libya; South Africa; Tunisia; Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Prunus dulcis (almond), Vitis vinifera America: Argentina; Bermuda; Brazil; Canada; Chile, (anggur, grapevine) Costa Rica; USA; Uruguay; Venezuela; Oceania : Australia; New Zealand
15. Penthaleus major (Penthaleidae) = Tetranychus Avena sativa (oats ), Hordeum II Biji (grain), daun dan Europe : France; Germany; Italy; Netherlands; Portugal; major Dugès, 1834; Blue oat mite = Winter Grain vulgare (barley), Triticum aestivum bagian tanaman (leaf Russia; Spain; UK. Mite (gandum, wheat). and part of plant), tanah Asia : Cina; Japan. (soil).
Africa : SouthAfrica. America: Argentina; Canada, Mexico; USA; Oceania : Australia; New Zealand
16. Petrobia latens (Tetranychidae) Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), II Daun (leaf), tanah (soil), Europe : Austria; Denmark; France; Germany; Italy; Hordeum vulgare (barley), Allium bagian tanaman (part of Netherlands; Poland; Spain Brown wheat mite sativum (bawang putih, garlic),. plant) Asia : Cina; India; Korea Republic of (South Korea); Allium cepa (bawang Bombay, onion), Cuminum cyminum (jintan, Africa : Egypt; cumin), Coriandrum sa-tivum (ketumbar, corriander), Oryza sativa America: Canada; USA (padi, paddy incl. rice), Cucumis Oceania : Australia, sativus (ketimun, cucumber), Cucumis melo (melon), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Sorghum, Gladiol , Iris, Apple, Cotton, Alfalfa, bur Clover 183
17. Phyllocoptes vitis = Calepitrimerus vitis Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine) II Daun (leaf) Europe: Austria, Czech Republic and Slovakia, France, (Eriophydae) ; Grapevine rust mite Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland
Asia: India.
Africa: South Africa
Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
18. Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Eriophyidae) Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange) II Daun (leaf), buah (fruit), Europe : Cyprus; Italy; Malta; Yugoslavia; dan batang (and stem) Citrus rust mite Asia : Cina; India; Iran; Israel; Japan; Yordania; Lebanon; Malaysia; The Philippines; Syria; Thailand; Vietnam;
Africa : Angola, Kongo; Kenya; Madagascar; Malawi;
Mauritania; Mauritius; Mozambique; Nigeria; Senegal; South Africa; Tanzania; Uganda; Zambia; America: Argentina; Bermuda; Brazil; Chile; Colombia; Cuba; Equador; Guatemala; Jamaica; Mexico; Peru; Puerto Rico; Trinidad-Tobago; USA; Uruguay; Venezuela; Oceania : Australia ; Cook Islands; Fiji; New Zealand
19. Raoiella indica (Tenuipalpidae)Hirst Cocos nucifera (Kelapa, coconut), II Buah ( fruit of), bagian Asia : India Areca catechu (pinang, Betelnut tanaman (part of plant), Coconut mite America : Dominica, Jamaica, palm), Phonix spp., Musa spp.
(pisang, banana), Heliconia sp. Africa : Egypt (flower banana), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger), palmae
20. Retracus elaeis Elaeis guineensis (k elapa sawit, II Daun (leaf),Benih America: Costa Rica, Columbia oilpalm) (seeds) Oil palm mite
21. Rhizoglyphus echinopus Allium spp (bawang-bawangan), II Tanaman, (plant), Europe : Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Panax schinseng (ginseng) bagian tanaman (part of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Bulb mite plant) Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia , Hungary, Spain. Asia : Taiwan, Japan, Korea 184
America: USA Oceania : New Zealand
22. Steneotarsonemus laticeps (Halber) = Tarsonemus Narcissus (daffodil) Hippeastrum II Umbi ( Bulb ), bagian Europe : UK (mined data); Netherlands; Poland; Slovakia approximatus narcissi Ewing spp. (Amarilis, amaryllis); tanaman (plant part of Cyrtanthus spp. (fire lily); Eucharis plant ) Bulb scale mite spp. (Amazon lily, eucharist lily); Sprekelia spp. (Jacobean lily).
23. Tarsonemus myceliophagus Jamur (mushroom) II Batang jamur (stem of Europe : UK, New Zealand, Netherlands, Germany. mushroom) Mite America : USA Oceania : Australia (NSW)
24. Tetranychus pasificus (P) : Vitis vinifera (anggur, II Tanaman (plant), Asia : Japan(intercepted Orly) grapevine), Prunus , Gossypium bagian tanaman (part of Pasific mite America: Canada , Mexico, USA hirsutum , Gossypium barbadense plant) (kapas, cotton), Cucumis melo
(melun, melon) , Phaseolus vulgaris, Glycine max (kedelai, soybean). (S) : Zea mays (jagung, corn), Ficus carica (fig), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, flax), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watermelon), Helianthus annus (sun flower ), Salvia sp ., Morning glory, Fragaria (strawberry) , Rosa (roses), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Vicia (vetch.Begonia , Begonia cucullata var. hookeri (Perpetual begonia), Capsicum annuum ( bell pepper ), Chrysanthemum (daisy) , Chrysanthemum frutescens (marguerite ), Consolida ambigua (rocket larkspur ), Cyclamen persicum ( cyclamens ), Rhododendron simsii (Sim's azalea)
25. Tetranychus schoenei = Septanychus schoenei Malus domesticum (apel, apple), II Tanaman (plant), Europe Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Prunus bagian tanaman (part of domesticum (plum ), Vitis vinifera 185
Schoene mite (anggur, grapevine), Gossypium plant) America : USA bar-badens (kapas, cotton)
26. Tyrophagus castellanii (Hirst 1912 ) = Tyrophagus Cucumis sativus (Ketimun, II Daun (leaf), bahan Europe : Belgium, Czech Republic and Slovakia , Den- putrescentiae (Schrank, 1781); Cheese mite cucumber) simpan (stored mark, Finland, France, Germany , Ireland , Italy , products), mushrooms, Netherlands , Spain , UK .
house dusts, pollens, Asia : China (Taiwan),India (Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pra- soil, mosses, litter and desh), Iraq , Nepal , Philippines , Turkey . the nests of different
animals. It has also Africa : Kenya, Zimbabwe. been found in Western Hemisphere : Guatemala, Panama, North greenhouses, in flower heads of Gerbera, America, Mexico, USA, Brazil. Narine and Kalanchoe leaf tissue. (Bahrami et al . 2007).
186
VIII. OPTK PADA TANAMAN KEHUTANAN/TANAMAN KAYU
NO. NAMA ILMIAH/ORDO/FAMILI/NAMA UMUM/ INANG/ GOL/ MEDIA PEMBAWA/ DAERAH SEBAR/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/TAXON/COMMON NAME HOST GROUP PATHWAY GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
I. SERANGGA / INSECTS
1. Ancita crocogaster (Boisduval); Acacia spp. II batang, kayu Oceania: Eastern Australia Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; Grey longicorne beetle
2. Ancita marginicollis (Boisduval); Acacia spp. II batang, kayu Oceania: Eastern Australia Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; Hitechiked longicorn
3. Apriona germmari ( Mope); Artocarpus intergra, Morus alba, II batang, kayu Asia: India, Pakistan Salix tetrasperma Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; Longhorn beetle
4. Aerocinus longimanus ( Linnaeus); Coleoptera: A.integra, Moraceae, Ficus II batang, kayu America: Barbados, Honduras, Guyama, Trinidad Cerambycidae; Herlequin beetle, jak-tree borer elastica
5. Apate terebrans ( Pallas); Coleoptera: Bostricidae Albizia lelbeck, A.procera, II batang, kayu America: Brazil Anacadium occidentale, Asia: West India Dalbergia sissoo, Azadirachta indica, Cedrela odorata, Khaya Africa: Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Natal, Sahara, senegalensis, Tectona grandis, Tanzania, Uganda Melia azedorach, Delonix regia
6. Ancistrotermis latinotus ( Holmgren); Isoptera: Eucalyptus tereticomis II batang, kayu Africa: Malawi, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Congo Termitidae
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7. Anobium puncatum ( DeGeer); Coleoptera: Anobiidae; Furniture II Europe Furniture beetle Africa Oceania: Australia
8. Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky); Coleptera: Eucalyptus diversicolor, Populus II batang, kayu Europe: France, Germany, Poland, England Cerambycidae; Asian Longhorn beetle spp ., Aesculus hippocastanum, America: USA Acer ngundo Asia: China Oceania: Australia
9. Arhopalus ferus (Fabricius); Coleoptera: Burned or windthrown pine and II batang, kayu Europe : England, Russia Cerambycidae; Burnt pine longicorn spruce Oceania: New Zealand
10. Agrilus planipennis (Fairmaire); Emerald Ash Borer Ash Forest II batang, kayu America : USA
11. Coptotermes formosanus ( Shiraki); Isoptera: Pinus (pines), Quercus (oaks) II batang, kayu America: USA Rhinotermitidae; Formosan subterranean termite Africa: South Africa Asia: China
12. Coptoptermes amami ( Sjoestedt); Isoptera: A.cunninghamii, Acrocarpus II batang, kayu Africa: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zanzibar Rhinotermitidae; Dampu rood termite fraxinifolius
13. Coccus elongates ( Signoret); Homoptera : Coccidae ; Albizia falcataria (L.), Albazia II batang, kayu Europe: Seychelles, England Scale insect spp ., Acacia catechu, Acecia, America: Barbados elenoxylon, Coffee spp . ( Kopi, coffee ), buah-buahan (Fruits) Africa: Ghana, Tanzania, Uganda Asia: India
14. Dendroctenus ponderosae (Hopkins); Coleoptera : Pinus spp II batang, kayu America : USA, Canada Scolytidae; pinus beetle
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15. Hylotrupes bajulus ( Linnaeus); Coleoptera: Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris, II batang, kayu Europe: Uruguay Cerambycidae; house longhorne beetle/Europen America: USA, Canada, Brazil, Argentina house borer Africa: Egypt
Asia: China, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turki, Libya Ocenia: Australia, New Zealend
16. Incisitermes minor (Hagen); western drywood termite Dry wood II batang, kayu America : USA, Mexico, canada
17. Ips typographus ( Linnaeus); Coleoptera: Scolytidae; Eucalyptus, Oak, pines II batang, kayu Europe: Russia European spruce bark beetle Asia: China, Japan, Korea
18. Lymantria dispar ( Linnaeus); Lepidoptera: Quercus alba (white oak) , II batang, kayu Europe Lymantriidae; gypsy moth Quercus coccinea (scarlet oak) , Asia: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, China, Taiwan, India, Quercus ellipsoidalis ( Northern Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, pin oak ), Quercus garryana Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, (Garry oak), Quercus ilex (holm Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan oak ), Quercus lobata (California white oak), Quercus ( basket Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia oak ), Quercus muehlenbergii America: Canada, USA. (Chinquapin oak ), Quercus palustris ( pin oak ), Quercus petraea ( durmast oak ), Quercus robur ( common oak ), Quercus rubra ( northern red oak ), Quercus suber ( cork oak ), Quercus velutina ( black oak)
19. Macrotermes natalensis (Haviland); Isoptera : Eucalyptus macarthurii, E. smithii, II batang, kayu Africa : South Afrfica, Nigeria, Uganda, Zimbabwe Termitidae E. camaldulensis, E. grandis, E.viminalis
20. Olenecamtus bilobus (Fabricius); Coleoptera : Artocarpus integra, A. hissuta, II batang, kayu Asia : India, Pakistan Cerambycidae ; Longhorn beetle. Mangifera indica, Morusa alba
21. Otiorhyncus sulcatus (Fabricius) ; Coleoptera : Pinus II batang, kayu Europe: Rusia 189
Curculionidae ; Black Pine Weevil Africa: Egypt America: USA, Columbia, Chili, Canada Asia: Japan Oceania : Australia, New Zealand
22. Pachydissus sericus (Newman); Coleoptera : Acacia spp. II batang, kayu Oceania : Eastern Australia Cerambycidae; A longhorn beetle
23. Piesarthrus marginellus (Newman); Coleoptera: Acacia spp. II batang, kayu Oceania : Australia Cerambycidae; Acacia longhorn beetle
24. Pissodes strobi ( Peck) ; Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Pinus balfourina, P.banksiana, II batang, kayu America: East North America, Eastern Canada Sitka Spruce weevil P.densifola, P.flexilis, P.griffithii,
P.montocola, P.mugo, P.ponderosa, P.resinosa, P.rigida, P.syvestris, Picea abies, P.glauca, P.mariana, P.pungens, P.rubens, P.stroborus, Pseudotsuga menziesii
25. Platyomopsis egena ( Pascoe) ; Coleoptera : Acacia spp. II batang, kayu Oceania : Australia Cerambycidae
26. Platyomopsis nigrovireus ( Donovan); Coleoptera: Acacia spp. II batang, kayu Oceania: Eastern Australia Cerambycidae; Green striped longhorn beetle
27. Pseudococcus aurilanatus ( Maskell); Hemiptera : A.excelsia, Araucaria spp . II batang, kayu America: North America Psudococcidae; Golden mealybug, yellow banded Africa: Kenya, Uganda mealybug Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
28. Phorachanta semipunctata ( Fabricius); Coleoptera: Eucalyptus diverisicolor, E. II batang, kayu Europa: France, Italy, Netherlands, Spanyol, Portugal Cerambycidae; Eucalyptus longhorned borer globules, E. maidenii Africa: South Africa America: USA
190
29. Stromatium barbatum ( Fabricius);Coleoptera: Eucalyptus, Oak, pines II batang, kayu Asia: India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Pakistan, Nepal Cerambycidae; Drywood longicorn beetle Africa: Tanzania, Madagascar, Mauritius
30. Sirex noctilio (Fabricius) ; Hymenoptera: Siricidae Pinus banksiana (jack pine), II batang, kayu Europe : Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic Pinus canariensis (Canary pine), and Slovakia , Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine), Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Pinus densiflora (Japanese Portugal, , Romania, Russia, Siberia, Serbia and umbrella pine), Pinus echinata Montenegro, Serbia, Spain, Canary Islands, UK (shortleaf pine), Pinus elliottii Asia : Georgia (Republic), Mongolia (slash pine), Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine), Pinus jeffreyi Africa : South Africa (Jeffrey pine), Pinus nigra (black pine), Pinus palustris (longleaf America : Canada, USA, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, pine), Pinus patula (Mexican Uruguay weeping pine), Pinuspinaster Oceania : Australia, New Zealand (maritime pine), Pinuspinea (stone pine), Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine), Pinus radiata (radiata pine), Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), Abies (firs), Abies alba (silver fir), Larix (larches), Picea (spruces), Picea abies (common spruce), Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), Pseudotsuga (douglas-fir)
31. Tryphocaria mastersi (Pascoe) ; Coleoptera : Acacia spp. II batang, kayu Oceania : Eastern Australia Cerambycidae ; Eucalypt ring barber
32. Xyleborus affinis ( Eichoff); Coleoptera : Scolytidae; Saccharum officinarum (tebu, II batang, kayu Europe : Italy ambrosia beetle of oak sugarcane), Macadamia America : USA, Mexico, Cuba, Brazil integrifolia (macadamia nut), Pinus (pines) Africa : Jamaica
33. Xyloborinus saxesenii (Batzeburg); Coleoptera: Eucalyptus II bibit tanaman, batang, Europe Scolytidae; Fruit tree pinhole borer kayu Asia : China, India, Armenia, Azerbeijan
II. NEMATODA / NEMATODES
191
34. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Steiner & Buhrer, Nickle; (P): Pinus spp. II kulit kayu (bark of wood), Europe: Portugal Parasitaphelenchidae, Pine Wilt Nematode umbi (tuber/corm), (S): Picea spp., Larix spp., Abies America : USA, Canada, Mexico rhizome, batang (stem), spp., Cedrus deodara , Cedrus daun (leaf), bunga Asia : China, Hongkong, Japan, Korea, Taiwan atlantica , Pseudotsuga menziesii , (flower), benih/biji Chamaecyparis nootkatensis. (seed/grain), (externaly), Afrika: South Africa tanah (soil), kemasan kayu (wood packing material), Monochamus alternatus (vector), M. nitens (vector)
III. CENDAWAN / FUNGI
35. Fomes robiniae (Murr) Sacc and D. Sacc Albizia falcataria ( L.), Albizia II bibit tanaman, batang, Asia : India, Ceylon, Pakistan lelbeck, Robinia pseudo acacia, kayu (= F. rimosus); Yellow spongy rot Africa : Jamaica Anogeissus latifolia, Boswellia
serrata, Casuarina strieta, Oceania : Australia, Samon Dalberbia sissoo, Eucalyptus spp , Querus sp ., Shrea robusta, Terminalia bellarica, Terminalia tomentosa, Morus alba, Pistacia lentiscus
36. Helicobasidium purpureum (Pat.); Araucaria cuninghamii II bibit tanaman, batang, Europe : England, Ireland, Scotland kayu Violet root rot America : Canada
Africa : Rhodesia, Tanzania, Trinidad, Kenya Oceania : Australia, New Zealand
37. Nectria ditissima (Tul) ; Albizia lebbeck, Acer II bibit tanaman, batang, Europe : England pseudoplatanus, Aesculus kayu Hypocreales: Nectriaceae; Hardwoods perennial America : North America hippocastanum, Ainus glutinosa, canker, nectria cancer Batula pubescens, Juglans sp, Asia : Japan Fraxinus excelsior, Fogus silvatica, Platanus orientalis, Africa : South Africa, Madagascar Pupulus spp, Quercus robus, 192
Salix alba, S. vitallina, Tillia spp, Ulmus glabra
193
IX. KEONG DAN SIPUT/SNAIL AND SLUG
NO. NAMA ILMIAH / ORDO / FAMILI / NAMA UMUM / INANG/ GOL/ MEDIA PEMBAWA / DAERAH SEBAR/ SCIENTIFIC NAME / TAXON / COMMON NAME HOSTS GROUP PATHWAYS GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1. Achatina craveni Smith Achatinidae Coffea spp. (Kopi, coffee), II Bibit (seedling) Africa tanaman hias (perdu)
2. Achatina zanzibarica (Bourg) Achatinidae Gossypium barbadens (kapas, II Bibit kapas (seedling of Africa cotton), tanaman hias (perdu) Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton) and sisal)
3. Ariolimax coltubers ofanus (Gould) Arionidae Musa spp. (pisang, banana) II Bibit (seedlings ) America
4. Arion circumscriptus (Johnston) Arionidae Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, II Benih (seed) dan umbi Europe tobacco), Daucus carota (tuber) America (wortel, carrot), Fragaria vesca
(arbei, strawberry), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), tanaman jagung (plant of corn), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), barley, rape, poppy, rye
5. Arion intermedius (Normand) Arionidae Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), II Benih (seed) dan umbi Europe Solanum tuberosum (kentang, (tuber), benih (seed), potato), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), tulip
194
6. Arion rufus L Arionidae Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, II Benih (seed) Europe tobacco), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), gandum (wheat), medicinal herbs, poppy, rape, barley, rye
7. Arion subfuscus (Drap) Arionidae Solanum tuberosum (kentang, II Benih (seed) dan umbi Europe potato) Daucus carota (wortel, (tuber) carrot), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery)
8. Bradybaena fructicum (Muller) Bradybaenidae Vitis vinifera (anggur, II Benih (seed), Africa, Asia, Europe, grapevine), polong-polongan (legumes), tanaman hias (anggrek, tanaman berdaun/puring), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery)
9. Ceciloides acicula (Muller) Ferussaciidae Asparagus offinalis II Benih (seed) Europe (asparagus), Apium graveolens (seledri, celery)
10. Deroceras agreste (L) Milacidae Fragaria vesca (arbei, II Benih (seed) dan umbi (tuber), akar America, Europe, Australia strawberry), sayuran sayuran (root of veges), tanaman (plant) (vegetables), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Brassicaceae, Trifolium sp, Cynara scolymus (Artichoke)
11. Discus rotundatus (Muller) Endodontidae/Discidae Orchidaceae II Orchidaceae Europe
12. Drymaeus dormani (Binney) Bulimulidae Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange) II Bibit (seedling) America
195
13. Geomalacus maculosus Allman Arionidae Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera II Bibit (seedling of) sugar Europe (Bit gula, sugar beet) beet)
14. Helix aspersa Muller Helicidae (P) : Actinidia chinensis (kiwi, II Bibit (seedlings) Europe : Belgium, Croatia,Cyprus,France, Germany, Chinese gooseberry), Beta Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, vulgaris (bit, beetroot) , Norway, Portugal, Russia, Spain , Sweden, Switzerland, Brassica sp, Citrus, Capsicum , UK. Fragaria ananassa , Lactuca Asia : Israel, Lebanon, Philippines, Syria, Turki. sativa (sla, lettuce), Lycopersicum esculentum Africa : Algeria, Egypt, Gambia, Lesotho, Lybia, Mauritius, (tomat, tomato), Persea Morocco, Reunion, Saint Helena, Seychelles, South Africa, americana (alpukat, avocado), Tunisia. Phaseolus vulgaris, Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Ribes America : Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chili, Ecuador, nigrum, Zea mays (jagung, French Guiana, Haiti, Mexico, Peru, USA (Hawaii), corn, maize) ,Allium cepa Uruguay. (bawang bombai, onion) , Oceania : Australia, New Zealand. Brassica oleraceae var. capitata (kubis, cabbage) , Polyphagous (S) : Poaceae, Coriandrum sativum (ketumbar, cor-riander) Humulus lupulus (hop) , Laburnum anagyroides,Nasturtium officinale (selada air, watercress) ,Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Rosa, Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower) ,Trifolium alexandrium, Vitis vinifera (anggur,grapevine), strawberry, Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), wheat (gandum)
15. Helix pomatia L Helicidae Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau), II Bibit (seedlings) Europe : Denmark, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Vitis vinifera (anggur, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, grapevine), , tobacco), Triticum Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, aestivum (gandum, wheat), Russia, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland 196
dan sayuran America : Canada
16. Helix rufescens (Pennant) Helicidae Fragaria vesca II Bibit (seedling) America (arbei,strawberry)
17. Lanistes ovum (Trosch) Ampulariidae Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) II Tanaman (plant) Oryza Africa sativa (padi, paddy)
18. Lehmania valentiana (Ferussac) Limacidae Orchidaceae (anggrek), II Benih (seed), umbi (tuber) America Solanum tuberosum (kentang, dan akar sayuran (root of
potato), veges (sayuran) veges)
19. Limax maximus L Limacidae Solanum tuberosum (kentang, II Benih (seed) dan umbi America : USA potato); Apium graveolens (tuber) Europe : Italy, Norway (seledri, celery), Cucumis sativus (ketimun, cucumber), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Brassica oleracea var. capitata ( kubis, cabbage), Cucurbita moschata (labu, pumpkin), tanaman hias (anggrek, anthurium, tanaman berdaun lainnya), jamur (mushroom)
20. Limax cinereoniger (Wolf) Limacidae Solanum tuberosum (kentang, II Benih (seed) dan umbi Europe potato ), Apium graveolens (tuber) (seledri, celery), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), tanaman hias (anggrek, anthurium, tanaman berdaun lainnya)
21. Marisa cornuarietis L Ampulariidae Oryza sativa (padi, paddy). II Tanaman (plant). Africa, America
22. Milax budapestensis (Hazay) Milacidae Solanum tuberosum (kentang, II Benih (seed) dan umbi Europe potato), Daucus carota (wortel, (tuber) carrot), sayuran, akar sayuran (root of veges), Triticum
197
aestivum (gandum, wheat), rape, poppy, rye, barley, Apium graveolens (seledri, celery), Helianthus annuus ( bunga matahari, sunflower)
23. Milax gagates (Draparnaud) Milacidae Solanum tuberosum (kentang, II Benih (seed) dan umbi Africa, America, Europe, Australia potato), Daucus carota (wortel, (tuber) carrot), Brassica oleracea var. capitata ( kubis, cabbage), Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry), Cynara scolimus (Artichoke)
24. Milax sowerbyi (Ferussae) Milacidae Solanum tuberosum (kentang, II Benih (seed) dan umbi (tuber) Europe potato), Apium graveolens (seladeri, celery), Daucus carota (wortel, carrot)
25. Otala lactea (Muller) Arionidae Brassicaceae, Citrus , Lactuca II Benih (seed),umbi (tuber) Europe : Netherlands, Spain sativa (selada, lettuce); garlic Africa : North Africa (bawang putih) America: Bermuda; Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana; USA
26. Oxychilus cellarius (Muller) Zonitidae Orchidaceae (Anggrek), II Tanaman (plant) Europe legumes, Cucumis sativus (ketimun, cucumber), Cucurbitamoschata ( labu, pumpkin), Citrullus lanatus (semangka, watemelon), Cucumis melo (melon, melon)
27. Oxychilus draparnaudi (Beck) Zonitidae Orchidaceae (Anggrek), II Tanaman (plant) Europe legumes, Cucumis sativus
(ketimun, cucumber), Cucurbitamoschata ( labu, pumpkin)
28. Pila globosa (Swainson) Ampulariidae Malus domesticum (apel, II Bibit (seedlings) dan sisa Asia, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, apple), Oryza sativa (padi, tanaman (plant debris) Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay,
198
paddy ), tanaman air Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana
29. Theba pisana (Muller) Arionidae Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), II Benih (seed), Asia, Africa, America, Europe, Australia Brassica oleracea capitata
(kubis, cabbage), Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), legumes (kacang-kacangan), Medicago sativa
30. Vaginula hedleyi (Simroth) Veronicellidae Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, II Benih (seed) America tobacco), Ipomoea batatas (ubi
jalar, sweet potato), coffee (kopi), lucerne
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B. JENIS-JENIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN KARANTINA(KATEGORI A2)
I. SERANGGA / INSECTS
NO. NAMA ILMIAH/NAMA UMUM INANG/ GOL/ MEDIA PEMBAWA/ DAERAH SEBAR/ PATHWAY SCIENTIFIC NAME/COMMON NAME HOST GROUP GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1. Altha alastor (Tams).; Lepidoptera: (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut) dan II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Indonesia : Sulawesi (Utara) Limacadidae; ulat siput/slug caterpillar, The Palmae lainnya, Bombax (Bombacaceae) bunga (flower), buah (fruit) moth of Borneo
2. Amblypelta theobroma (Brown); (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Indonesia : Papua Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) buah (fruit) Hemiptera: Coreidae; coconut bug Oceania : Papua New Guinea
3. Atherigona soccata (Rond).; (=Atherigona (P): Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) II batang (stem) Indonesia : Maluku indica =A.indica ssp. infuscata=A.varia var. (S): Pennisetum glaucum ( bajra, pearl millet), Europe : Italy. soccata) ;Diptera: Muscidae; Sorghum shoot Triticum aestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (stem) fly, great fly, millet stem fly, millet stem (jagung, corn, maize), Brachiaria brizantha , Asia : Bangladesh, China, India, Iraq, Israel, maggot Cymbopogon citratus (serai wangi, lemongrass), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Eleusine coracana (jaba, finger’s millet), Oryza Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka,Thailand, Turkey,
sativa (padi, paddy ), Eleusine indica (rumput Vietnam. belulang, goose grass) Africa : Burkina Faso, Congo Democratic Republic, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco,
Nigeria, Réunion, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe.
4. Bactrocera bryoniae (Tryon); (=Chaetodacus (P): Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), II buah (fruit), media tanam Indonesia : Kalimantan, Papua, Maluku bryoniae) ; Diptera: Tephritida; fruit fly Passiflora quadrangularis (markisa, granadilla, (planting medium), tanah Utara. passion-fruit), Bryonopsis affinis , Musa spp. (soil) Oceania : Australia, French Polynesia, New (pisang, banana), Capsicum frutescens (cabai Caledonia. rawit, chilies)
Keterangan : P : Primar y Host / Inang Utama S : Secondary Host / Inang Pilihan 200
5. Bactrocera musae (Tryon).; (=Chaetodacus (P): Musa spp. (pisang, banana) , Carica papaya II buah (fruit), media tanam Indonesia : Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, musae =C.tryoni var. musae =Dacus (pepaya, pawpaw), Psidium guajava (jambu biji (planting medium), tanah Papua. musae=Strumeta musae) ; Diptera: (seed), guava) (soil) Asia : Philippines. Tephritidae; banana fruit fly Oceania : Australia , Papua New Guinea,
Bismarck , Solomon Islands.
6. Bactrocera occipitalis (Bezzi); (= Dacus (P) : Averrhoa carambola (belimbing, carambola, II Buah (fruit) Indonesia : Kalimantan, Jawa Barat occipitalis = Dacus dorsalis var. occipitalis star fruit), Citrus reticulata (jeruk mandarin, (Bogor), Sumatera (Tanjung Balai Karimun) =Chaetodacus occipitalis Bezzi = mandarin,tangerine, mandarin orange), Asia : Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, Chaetodacus ferrugineus var. o ccipitalis Bezzi Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Achras Philippines. =Strumeta pedestris var. occipitalis ); Diptera: (=Manilkara) zapota (sawo, sapodilla), Psidium Tephritidae; Fruit fly guajava (jambu biji, guava), Spondias purpurea (plum, red mombin)
7. Bemisia argentifolii (Gennadius); (=B.tabaci- (P): Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Indonesia : Jawa (Barat) biotype); Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae; silverleaf Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), buah (fruit), bunga (flower) Europe : Austria, Cyprus, France,Italy, white fly, sweet potato white fly B-biotype Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Carica papaya Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, (pepaya, pawpaw), Capsicum annuum (cabai, Spain, Canary Islands, UK hot pepper, chilies), Euphorbia pulcherrima, Lactuca sativa (salada, lettuce), Nicotiana Asia : China, Taiwan,Iran, Israel, Japan, tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Solanum Jordan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), melongena (terung, eggplant ) Turkey, Yemen. (S): Brassicaceae, Fagaceae, Geraniaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Oleaceae, Africa :Egypt, Mauritius, South Africa, Passifloraceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Tunisia. Solanaceae, Acer, Amaranthus, Mentha , America : Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Bombacaceae. Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala,Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii,Venezuela. Oceania : American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands.
201
8. Chaetanaphothrips orchidii (Moulton); (P): Anthurium andreanum , Alternanthera, II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Indonesia : Jawa (=Anaphothrips orchidii =Euthrips orchidii Bougainvillea, Chrysanthemum , Musa spp. bunga (flower), tanah (soil) Asia : China, Taiwan, India, =Physothrips orchidii =Taeniothrips orchidii) ; (pisang, banana) , Petroselinum crispum , Zea Japan,Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka. Thysanoptera: Thripidae; anthurium thrips, mays (jagung, corn, maize) orchid thrips Africa : Mauritius, Sao Tome and Principe. (S): Acer palmatum , Adiantum, Amaranthus, Begonia,Citrus x paradisi (jeruk bali, pommelo), America : Brazil, Costa Rica, Dominica, Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Coix lacryma-jobi Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Grenada, (jail, Job’s tears) , Cryptotaenia canadensis , Guadeloupe, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Euphorbia, Epiphyllum, Ipomoea batatas (ubi Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Suriname, jalar, sweet potato), Iresine, Litchi sinensis (leci, Trinidad and Tobago, USA,Hawaii. lychee), Lycopersicon, Passiflora , Paspalum conjugatum , Pisonia, Orchid, ornamental plants Oceania : Australia , Tonga.
9. Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillet) ; (=Contarinia (P): Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) II biji (seed), bunga (flower) Indonesia : Jawa (Barat). sorghicola =C.saltata =C.andropogonis (S): rerumputan (Triodia flava, Setaria qlauce, Europe : France, Italy, Russia. =C.palposa=Diplosis sorghicola Andropogon gayanus) =Allocontarinia sorghicola) ; Diptera: Asia : India, Iran, Japan, Myanmar, Cecidomyiidae; ganjur (sorgum)/Sorghum Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, midge Yemen Africa : Benin, Burkina Faso, Burund, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali,Mauritius, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe America : Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela Oceania : Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea. 202
10. Chrysomphalus aonidum (L); (=Aonidiella (P): Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange) II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Indonesia : Jawa, Sulawesi, Sumatera. ficorum =Aspidiotus (Chrysomphalus) (S): Lauraceae, Palmaceae, Asparagus buah (fruit) Europe: Belgium,Croatia, Cyprus, Serbia, aonidum=A.(Chrysomphalus) ficus officinalis (asparaga, asparagus), Cocos nucifera Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, =A.aonidum =A.ficorum =Aspidiotus ficus (kelapa, coconut), Carica papaya (pepaya, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, =Coccus aonidum) ; Hemiptera: Diaspididae; pawpaw), Cinnamomum verum , Dracaena , Greece, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal , red scale, Sircular black scale Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Malus Romania, Spain . sylvestris (apel, apple), Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Musa spp. (pisang, banana) , Asia : Bhutan, China, India, Israel, Japan, Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, date-palm), Pinus Jordan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Korea merkusii (pinus, pinetree) Republic of (South Korea), Lebanon, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines,
Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen. Africa : Algeria, British Indian Ocean Territory, Burundi, Comoros, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Réunion, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania , Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Chile,Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Domini-can Republic, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana,Haiti, Honduras,Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela Oceania : American Samoa,Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Kiribati, New Caledonia, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu.
11. Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan); (P): Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Areca catechu II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Indonesia : Jawa, Papua, Sumatera (=Aspidiotus (Chrysom phalus) (pinang, betelnut-pam) , Olea europaea subsp. buah (fruit) US Minor Outlying Islands : Johnston dictyospermi=A.agrumicula =A.arecae europaea (zaitun, olive) ,Cocos nucifera (kelapa, 203
=A.dictyospermi =A.dictyospermi v. arecae coconut), Palmaceae lainnya, Solanaceae, Island. =A.dictyospermi v. jamaicensis Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), Musa x Europe : Bulgaria, Belarus, Latvia, =A.jamaicensis(=Amangiferae paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Persea Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, =Chrysomphalus arecae =C.castigatus americana (alpukat, avocado), Plumeria, Rosa , Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, =C.dictyospermatis =C.jamaicensis Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, =C.mangiferae =C.minor) ; Hemiptera: Syzygium malaccense (jambu bol, malay-apple) , Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Serbia, Diaspididae; dictyospermum scale Taxus baccata , Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger) Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Greece , Italy, Malta, Portugal,Russia, Spain, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia. Asia : Azerbaijan, Cambodia, China, Taiwan,Georgia (Republic), India, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Vietnam. Africa : Algeria, Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Cape Verde, DR Congo,Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania , Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America: Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii,South Carolina, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania : American Samoa, Australia, Federated states of Micronesia,Fiji, French Polynesia, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern 204
Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu.
12. Darna catenatus (Snellen); Lepidoptera: (P): Elaeis guineensis (Kelapa sawit, oil palm), II Daun (leaf) Indonesia : Sulawesi, Papua Barat Limacodidae. Metroxylon sagu (palem sagu, sago palm)
13. Darna bradleyi (Holloway); (=Ploneta (P): Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm) II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Indonesia : Sumatera bradleyi) ; Lepidoptera: Limacodidae; ulat api /
fire worm
14. Dihammus rusticator (F.); (=Dihammus (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Jatropha sp, II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Indonesia : Sumatera (Jambi, Lampung). fistulator =Monochamus fistulator = Acalolepta (jarak iri, Barbados nut tree), Manihot esculenta akar (root) fistulator = A.rusticator) ; Coleoptera: (ubi kayu, cassava), Ricinus communis (jarak Cerambycidae; penggerek batang / stem kepyar, castor oil bean), Theobroma cacao borer (kakao, cocoa), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant)
15. Dorysthenes buqueti (Guerin-Meneville); (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Indonesia : Jawa (=Lophosternus buqueti); Coleoptera: Bambusa, Spondias pinnata (kedondong, Asia : India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Cerambycidae; longhorn beetle otaheitte apple), Leucaena glauca (lamtoro Thailand. gung, horse tamarind)
(S): Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava)
16. Dysmicoccus brevipes ; Hemiptera: (P): Ananas comusus (Nenas, pineapple) II buah (fruit), batang (stem), Indonesia : Jawa (Barat), Sumatera Pseudococcidae. daun (leaf), tanaman (plant) (Lampung). Anacardium occidentale (kacang mete, cashew nut), Annona muricata (soursop), Annona Europe: Italy, Portugal, Spain squamosa (markisa, sugar apple), Apium Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, graveolens (selederi, celery), Arachis hypogaea Cambodia, China, Taiwan, India, Japan, (kacang tanah, groundnut), Brassica rapa subsp. Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, chinensis (Chinese cabbage), Canna indica Sri Lanka, Vietnam (Queensland arrowroot), Capsicum (peppers), Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina), Citrus , Africa: Angola, Benin,Burkina Faso, Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Coffea arabica Burundi, Cameroon,Chad, Congo,Egypt, (kopi, arabica coffee), Colocasia esculenta Ghana,Guinea,Kenya, Madagascar, (talas, taro), Cucumis sativus (ketimun, Malawi,Mali,Mauritius, cucumber), Cucurbita (labu, pumpkin), Daucus Mozambique,Niger,Nigeria,Rwanda, carota (wortel, carrot), Elaeis guineensis (kelapa Senegal,Seychelles,Sierra Leone, sawit, oil palm), Ficus , Gossypium (kapas, Somalia,South cotton), Hibiscus (rosemallows), Ipomoea Africa,Sudan,Tanzania,Togo,Uganda,Zambi batatas (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Malus 205
domestica (apel, apple), Mangifera indica a (mangga, mango), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, America: Central America & Caribbean, cassava), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Musa Bahamas,Barbados,Belize,Bermuda,Costa (pisang, banana), Persea americana (alpukat, Rica,Cuba,Dominica,Dominican avocado), Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, date- Republic,ElSalvador,Grenada,Guatemala,H palm), Piper betle (betel pepper), Poaceae aiti,Honduras,Jamaica,Nicaragua,Panama, (grasses), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Puerto Rico, North America, Argentina, Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, halepense (Johnson grass), Theobroma cacao Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana (coklat, cocoa), Trifolium pratense (purple clover), Trifolium repens (white clover), Zea Oceania: American Samoa, Australia,Palau, mays (jagung, maize), Zingiber officinale (jahe, Cook Islands, Federated states of ginger) Micronesia
17. Hexamitodera semivelutina (Heller).; (P): Syzygium aromaticum (cengkeh, clove) II batang (stem) Indonesia : Jawa, Sulawesi (Utara), Maluku, Coleoptera: Cerambycidae; penggerek batang (S): Syzygium spp., Eugenia spp., Psidium Sumatera (Barat). (cengkeh) / stem borer guajava (jambu biji, guava) dan Myrtaceae Asia : Brunei Darussalam. lainnya
18. Icerya purchasi (Maskell).; (=Pericerya (P): Acacia, Acalypha , Citrus , Cytisus, Glycine II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Indonesia : Jawa, Sulawesi, Sumatera, purchasi); Hemiptera: Margarodidae; cottony soja (kedelai, soybean) ,Indigofera , Mangifera Papua. cushion scale indica (mangga, mango), Morus alba (murbei, US Minor Outlying Islands: (Johnston mulberry), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus Island, Midway Islands, Wake Island). (kecipir, winged bean), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), Pittosporum, Rosa , Ulex europaeus Europe : Albania,Cyprus, France, Greece, (S): Baccharis , Buxus sempervirens , Italy, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Caesalpinia , Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, Spain, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovenia, pigeon pea), Cassia, Casuarina, Crotalaria, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Desmodium, Euphorbia, Fragaria, Fuchsia, Montenegro, Macedonia. Juncus , Laurus nobilis , Maranta bicolor , Macadamia integrifolia , Medicago sativa , Asia : Bangladesh, China, Mimosa , Malpighia punicifolia, Morus nigra Taiwan,Christmas Island (Indian Ocean), (murbei, mulberry ), Nandina domestica , Cocos Islands, Georgia (Republic), Pelargonium,Plumbago , Punica granatum India,Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, (delima, pomegranate) , Ricinus communis (jarak Korea DPR (North Korea), Korea (Republic kepyar, castor oil bean), Schinus , Spartium of), Lebanon, Malaysia , Maldives, junceum, Virgilia capensis Pakistan,Saudi Arabia,Singapore, Sri Lanka,Syria, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen. Africa : Algeria, Angola, Cape Verde, DR 206
Congo , Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Saint Helena, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America : Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania : Australia, Palau, Federated States of Micronesia (Caroline Islands), Fiji, French Polynesia,Guam,Kiribati, Marshall Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga.
19. Laodelphax striatella (Fall.); (=Laodelphax (P): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), Avena II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Indonesia : Sumatera striatellus =Calligypona marginata =C.striatella sativa (oat, oats ) , Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Africa : Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia =Delphacodes striatella =Delphax notula Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), =D.striata =D.striatella =Liburnia akashiensis serealia lainnya (other cerealia) Asia: Armenia, China, Georgia, India, Iran, =L.devastans =L.gifuensis =L.haupti Israel, Japan, Korea, The Philippines, =L.maikoensis =L.marginata =L.minonensis Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan =L.nipponica =L.striatella) ; Hemiptera: Delphacidae; small brown plant hopper Europe : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia, Denmark:, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Sardinia, Moldova, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Swedia, Switzerlands, Ukraina, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia
207
Oceania
20. Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess); (=Agromyza (P): Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, lady’s II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Indonesia : Jawa (Barat, Timur), Sumatera phaseolunata =Liriomyza alliovora finger), Ageratum , Allium spp, Arachys Europe : Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, =L.phaseolunata =Oscinis trifolii); Diptera: hypogaea (kacang tanah, groundnut, peanut), Czech Republic, France, Greece, Italy, Agromyzidae; penggorok daun (leaf), Aster, Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (bit gula, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, serpentine leaf miner, American serpentine sugar beet), Bidens , Brassicarapa subsp. Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, leafminer, chrysanthemum leaf miner chinensis (pak-choi , Chinese cabbage), Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Serbia, Chrysanthemum spp, Capsicum annuum (cabai, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, hot pepper, chilies), Callistephus, Cucumis melo Montenegro, Macedonia. (melon, melon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Cucurbita pepo (labu kuning, Asia : China, India, Israel, Japan, Jordan, zucchini), Dahlia, Dendranthema, Dianthus, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Lebanon, Gaillardia, Gerbera , Glycine max (kedelai, Oman, Philippines, Thailand, Turkey, soybean) , Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Yemen. Gypsophila, Helianthus, Nasturtium officinale (selada air, watercress), Lathyrus (Vetchling ), Africa: Benin,Ivory Coast,Egypt, Ethiopia, Lycopersicum esculentum (tomat, tomato), Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Medicago sativa , Phaseolus spp, Pisum sativum , Mayotte, Nigeria, Réunion, Senegal, South Salvia, Senecio , Solanum melongena (terung, Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Zambia, eggplant), Solanum tuberosum (kentang, Zimbabwe. potato), Spinacia oleracea , Tagetes, America : Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Tropaeolum, Trifolium,Trifolium repens , Vicia, Bermuda, Brazil, British Virgin Islandss, Vigna unguiculata , Zinnia Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, (S): Allium cepa (bawang bombai, onion), Allium Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, schoenoprasum (chives), Apium graveolens var. French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, dulce (bleached celery), Bellis, Cassia, Guyana, Martinique, Mexico, Netherlands Centaurea, Chenopodium, Citrullus lanatus Antilles, Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and (semangka, watermelon) , Daucus carota (wortel, Tobago, USA , Hawaii, Venezuela. carrot), Erigeron, Gazania, Gladiolus hybrids, Glycine max (kedelai, soybean) , Hordeum, Oceania : American Samoa, Australia, Linaria, Medicago, Macrotyloma, Primula, Federated states of Micronesia, Guam, Xanthium Northern Mariana Islands, Samoa, Tonga.
208
21. Liriomyza chinensis (Kato); Diptera: (P) Allium cepa (bawang bombai, onion) II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Indonesia : Jawa (Barat dan Tengah), Agromyzidae; pengorok daun/onion leaf miner Sulawesi (Tengah). Asia : Japan, Malaysia, China, Singapore. Europe : France, Germany
22. Paracoccus marginatus (Williams and (P): Carica papaya (pepaya) , Jatropa sp. II daun (leaf), buah (fruit), Indonesia : seluruh wilayah Indonesia Granara de Willink); Hemiptera : (Jarak), ornamental plants (Puring), tropical bagian tanaman (part of kecuali Papua. Pseudococcidae; Papaya Mealybug fruits. plant) America : Amerika Tengah, Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Belize Micronesia : Guam, Palau
23. Paraeucosmetus pallicornis (Dallas); (P): Oryza sativa (padi, rice) II buah/bulir Indonesia: Sulawesi Hemiptera: Lygaedae. Asia: Malaysia, Philippines
24. Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund).; (P): Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), II buah (fruit), benih (seed), Indonesia : Jawa (Tengah, Timur), Nusa (=Depressaria gossypiella =Ephestia Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, lady’s finger), tanah (soil) Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, gossypiella =Gelechiagossypiella =Gelechiella Abutilon spp , Hibiscus spp, Medicago sativa Sulawesi (Selatan, Tenggara). gossypiella =Platyedra gossypiella) ; Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae; pink bollworm, pink Italy , Macedonia, Malta, Romania, Russia, cotton bollworm Spain, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia. Asia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, People Republic of China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,Japan,Jordan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Korea Republic of (South Korea), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen. Africa : Algeria, Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic,Chad, DR Congo, Ivory Coast,Egypt,Ethiopia,Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria,Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, 209
Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Montserrat, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii,Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania : Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Pacific Islands (US), Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Vanuatu.
25. Phragmataecia castaneae (Hubner); (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Indonesia : Sumatera (Utara, Barat). Saccharum spontaneum (glagah, wild Lepidoptera: Cossidae; giant stem borer Asia : China, Malaysia. sugarcane)
26. Phragmataecia gummata (Swinhoe).; (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), II batang (stem), daun (leaf) Indonesia : Sumatera (Utara, Barat, (=Phragmataecia parvipunctus) ; Lepidoptera: Saccharum spontaneum (glagah, wild Lampung). Cossidae; giant stem borer sugarcane) Asia : Malaysia
27. Planococcus deceptor (Betn).; (=Dactylopius (P): Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee ), Annona muricata II batang (stem), daun (leaf), Indonesia : Jawa (Timur), Kalimantan coffeae =Dactylopius crotonis =Planococcus (sirsak, soursop), Bauhinia , Ceiba pentandra akar (root), buah segar, (Barat). crotonis = P.lilacinus =P.tayabanus (kapok randu, kapok), Citrus spp. (jeruk, tanaman
=Pseudococcus coffeae =P.crotonis orange), Psidium guajava (jambu biji, guava), =P.deceptor =P.lilacinus Cork =P.tayabanus Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa) Asia : Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, =Tylococcus mauritiensis ) ; Hemiptera: (S): Annona squamosa (srikaya, sweetsop), Cambodia, China, Taiwan, Cocos Islands, Pseudo coccidae; cacao mealybug, coffee Bambusa, Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), India, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, mealybug Dioscorea sp. (gembili, yam), Mangifera indica Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, (mangga, mango), Punica granatum , Yemen.
Tamarindus indica (asam jawa, tamarind) Africa : Comoros, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles. America : Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guyana, Haiti. Oceania : Federated States of Micronesia, 210
Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea.
28. Postelectrotermes militaris (Desneux; (P): Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) II batang (stem), akar (root) Indonesia : Jawa. (=Calotermes militaris = Neotermes militaris (S): Grevillea robusta ,Acacia decurrens , Asia : Sri Lanka. =Termes militaris); Isoptera: Kalotermidae; dry Casuarina equisetifolia, Stenocarpus salignus , wood termite Cedrus, Erythrina subumbrans , Eucalyptus spp., Tephrosia vogelii, Cinnamomum camphora (kamfer, camphor) , Cryptomeria japonica, Eucalyptus robusta
29. Rhabdoscelus obscurus (Bolsd.); (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) II batang (stem) Indonesia : Maluku,Papua, Sulawesi, Nusa (=Rhabdocnemis fausti =R.interruptocostatus (S): Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut), Cocos Tenggara Barat. =R.maculata =R.nudicollis =R.obscura nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Carica papaya Asia : China, Taiwan, Christmas Island =R.promissus =R.maculatus =Sphenophorus (pepaya, pawpaw), Metroxylon sagu (sagu, sago (Indian Ocean), Japan, Malaysia beccarii =S.insularis =S.interruptecostatus palm), Musa spp. (pisang, banana) , Musa x =S.nudicollis =S.promissus =S.sulcipes paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Zea mays America : USA (Hawaii). =S.tincturatus =S.obscurus =Rhabdoscelis (jagung, corn, maize) Oceania : American Samoa, Australia , obscura) ; Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae; beetle borer, cane weevil borer, New Guinea cane Palau, Cook Islands, Federated States of weevil borer, sugarcane weevil borer, New Micronesia (Caroline Islands), Fiji, French Guinea sugarcane weevil, Hawaiian Polynesia, Guam, Marshall Islands, Nauru, sugarcane borer, cane weevil borer, New New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea,Samoa, Guinea sugarcane weevil Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu.
30. Sesamia grisescens (Warren).; Lepidoptera: (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Oryza II batang (stem) Indonesia : Papua dan Maluku. Noctuidae; sesamia borer, pink sugarcane borer sativa (padi, paddy ), Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize) Oceania : Papua New Guinea.
31. Sexava coriacea (Linn.); Orthoptera: (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut) II buah (fruit), tanaman (live Indonesia : Sulawesi, Kep. Sangihe, Tettigoniidae; belalang sexava, sexava (S): Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchids), Asplenium plant), daun (leaf), rimpang Talaud, Kep. Banggai, Maluku, Papua. grasshopper nidus (kadaka, bird’s nest fern), Salacca edulis (rhizome), sabut , tanah
(salak, snake-skin palm), Metroxylon sagu (soil).
(sagu, sago palm), Arenga pinnata (aren, sugar palm), Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut palm), Musa spp. (pisang, banana) , Pandanus spp. (pandan), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger)
32. Sexava karnyi (Lfs).; Orthoptera: (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut) II Tanaman (live plant), buah Indonesia : Sulawesi (Tengah : Kepulauan Tettigoniidae; belalang sexava, sexava (S): Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchids), Asplenium (fruit), daun (leaf), rimpang 211
grasshopper nidus (kadaka, bird’s nest fern), Salacca edulis (rhizome), sabut, tanah Togean & Una -una) (salak, snake-skin palm), Metroxylon sagu (soil).
(sagu, sago palm), Arenga pinnata (aren, sugar palm), Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut palm), Musa spp. (pisang, banana) , Pandanus spp. (pandan), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger)
33. Sexava nubila (Stal.); Orthoptera: (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut) II tanaman (live plant), buah Indonesia : Sulawesi (Utara : Kepulauan Tettigoniidae; belalang sexava, sexava grass (S): Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchids), Asplenium (fruit), daun (leaf), rimpang Sangihe dan Talaud), Maluku, Papua, hopper, coconut treehopper nidus (kadaka, bird’s nest fern), Salacca edulis (rhizome), sabut, tanah (soil) Ternate, Halmahera Barat, Halmahera (salak, snake-skin palm), Metroxylon sagu Selatan, Distrik Sota.
(sagu, sago palm), Arenga pinnata (aren, sugar Oceania : Papua New Guinea. palm), Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut palm), Musa spp. (pisang, banana) , Pandanus spp. (pandan), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger)
34. Thosea monolancha (Meyrick) (= Thosea (P): Cocos nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Elaeis II bagian tanaman (part of Indonesia : Sulawesi, Papua moluccana ); Lepidoptera: Limacodidae guineensis (kelapa sawit, oil palm) plant) Asia: Philippines Oceania: Papua New Guinea
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II. NEMATODA / NEMATODES
NO. NAMA ILMIAH / NAMA UMUM INANG/ GOL/ MEDIA PEMBAWA/ DAERAH SEBAR/ SCIENTIFIC NAME / COMMON NAME HOST GROUP PATHWAY GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1. Aphelenchoides besseyi (Christie); Oryza sativa (padi, paddy ) II benih (seed), jerami (straw), Indonesia: Sumatera, Jawa, Kalimantan Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae; pucuk putih tanah (soil) (Selatan). padi / rice leaf nematode Europe : Bulgaria,Hungary, Italy, Russia, Slovakia, Ukraine. Asia : Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Georgia (Republic), India , Iran, Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Korea Republic of (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Vietnam. Africa : Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Mexico, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii
Oceania : Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Papua New Guinea.
213
2. Ditylenchus angustus (Bul)l. ; Anguinidae; rice Oryza sativa (padi, paddy ) II benih (seed), jerami (straw), Indonesia : Jawa, Kalimantan (Selatan). stem nematode tanah (soil) Asia : Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. Africa : Egypt.
3. Globodera pallida (Stone) Mulvey & Stone; (P): Solanum tuberosum (kentang, II akar (root), umbi (tuber), tanah Indonesia : Jawa (Tengah/Dieng) (=Heterodera pallida); Heteroderidae; white potato), Lycopersicum esculentum (soil) Europe: Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, cyst nematode, pale potato cyst nematode, (tomat, tomato), Solanum Bulgaria, Czech Republic,Croatia, Cyprus, potato cyst nematode, potato root eelworm melongena (terung, eggplant) Estonia, Finland, France, Faroe Islands, (S): Datura stramonium (kecubung, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Iceland, jimsonweed), Lycopersicon Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, pimpinellifolium , Oxalis tuberosa , Malta, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Solanum gilo , Solanum indicum , Rumania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Solanum mauritianum , Solanum Switzerland, UK, Ukranie marginatum , Solanum nigrum, Asia: India, Pakistan, Turkey Solanum quitoense, Solanum aviculare, Solanum sarrachoides . Africa: Algeria, Tunisia, America: Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Columbia, Falkland Islands, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Venezuela Oceania: New Zealand.
4. Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Solanum tuberosum (kentang, II benih dan umbi (seeds and Indonesia : Jawa. Mulvey & Stone; Heteroderidae; nematoda potato), Lycopersicum esculentum tuber), akar tanaman (root of), Europe : Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, sista (kentang) / golden cyst nematode (tomat, tomato), Solanum akar tanaman (root of) dan tanah Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, melongena (terung, eggplant) (soil) Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland,France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Scotland
Asia : Armenia, India, Japan, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkey. 214
Africa : Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tunisia. America : Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, USA, Venezuela. Oceania : Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island.
5. Hemicriconemoides mangiferae Siddiqi; Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), II akar (root), tanah (soil). Indonesia : Jawa. Criconematidae; sheath nematode Nephelium litchii (leci, lychee), Asia : China, India, Iran, Israel,Korea Republic Mangifera indica (mangga, mango), of (South Korea),Pakistan, Philippines, Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Zea Thailand, Vietnam. mays (jagung, corn/maize), rumput- rumputan (Poaceae) Africa : Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan. America : Brazil, Dominica, Ecuador, Grenada, Mexico, Peru, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela. Oceania : Fiji,New Caledonia,Papua New Guinea.
6. Heterodera glycines (Ichinohe); Glycine max (kedelai, soybean) II akar (root), tanah (soil) Indonesia : Jawa, Sumatera (Lampung). Heteroderidae; soybean cyst nematode Europe : Italy, Russia
Asia : China,, Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Korea Republic of (South Korea), Mongolia. Africa : Egypt. America : Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Ecuador, Puerto Rico, USA.
7. Macroposthonia onoensis ; Criconematidae; Syzygium aromaticum (cengkeh, II akar (root) , tanah (soil) Indonesia : Jawa, Sumatera (Selatan, ring nematode clove) Lampung). Asia : India. America : Trinidad, Tobago.
215
8. Meloidogyne graminicola (Sledge & Golden) serealia, Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) II akar tanaman (root) , tanah (soil) Indonesia : DI Yogyakarta, Jawa (Tengah). Whitehead; Meloidogynidae; rice root knot Asia : Bangladesh, India, Laos, Malaysia, nematode Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam Africa : South Africa America : Brazil , Colombia, USA
9. Meloidogyne hapla (Chitwood); (P) : Actinidia chinensis (Chinese II Akar (root) umbi (tuber), tanah Indonesia : Jawa Meloidogynidae; northern root knot nematode gooseberry), Arachis hypogaea (soil) Europe : Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Estonia, (kacang tanah, groundnut), Beta Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and vulgaris var. saccharifera Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, (sugarbeet), Cichorium intybus France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, (chicory), Daucus carota (wortel, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, carrot), Fragaria ananassa Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, (strawberry), Glycine max (kedelai, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, soyabean), Lycopersicon Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, esculentum (tomat, tomato), Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Medicago sativa (lucerne), Montenegro, Macedonia Pelargonium (Pelargoniums), Rosa (Mawar, roses), Solanum tuberosum Asia : Armenia, China, Taiwan, India, Iran, (kentang, potato), Tanacetum Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic of cinerariifolium (Phyretrum), Trifolium (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, (clover) Mongolia, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, (S) : Allium cepa (bawang, onion), Uzbekistan Anemone (windflower), Beta, Brassica napus var. napus (rape), Africa : Algeria, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Kenya, Brassica oleraceae var. capitata Libya, Malawi, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, (cabbage), Cajanus cajan (pigeon Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe pea), Camellia sinensis (the, tea), Capsicumanuum (bell peper), America : Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Chenopodium quinona (quinona), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Chrysanthemum spp. (daisy), Panama, Paraguay, Peru, USA, Venezuela Coffea (kopi, coffee), Cucumis Oceania : Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk (melon, melons, cucumbers, Island, Papua New Guinea gerkins), Cyclamen, Dianthus caryophillus (Carnation), Fabaceae (leguminous plants), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Linum usitatissimum (flax), 216
Mentha (mints), Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Olea europeae subsp. Europeae (zaitun, olive), Phaseolus (kacang, beans), Raphanus sativus (radish), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Sinapsis alba (white mustard), Solanum (nightsade), Vicia (vetch), Vitis vinifera (grapevine)
10. Pratylenchus brachyurus (Godfrey) Filipjev & Arachis hypogea (kacang tanah, II akar (root) dan tanah (soil) Indonesia : Sumatera (Aceh dan Sumatera Schuurmans Stekhoven; (=Pratylenchus groundnut, peanut), Ananas Barat), Jawa. pratensis) ; Pratylenchidae; smooth headed comosus (nenas, pineapple), Zea Europe : Bulgaria, Russia. nematode, root lesion nematode mays (jagung, corn, maize), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Solanum Asia : Georgia, India, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, tuberosum (kentang, potato), Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Vigna Lanka, Turkey, Vietnam. cylindrica (kacang panjang, long bean), Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Africa : Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Nigeria, Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, South Africa, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe . cotton), Hevea brasiliensis (karet, America : Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada , rubber tree), Dacryodes edulis Costa Rica, Cuba, French Guiana, (kenari, African pear), Nicotiana Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Peru, Puerto tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Rico, USA, Hawaii, Venezuela Oryza sativa (padi, paddy) , Persea Americana (alpokat, avocado), Oceania : Australia, Fiji, Tonga. Prunus persica (persik, peach), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Theobroma cacao (kakao, cocoa).
11. Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb.) Filipjev; Solanum tuberosum (kentang, II umbi (bulb), tanah (soil) Indonesia :Sumatera, Jawa, Bali. Pratylenchidae; Cobb's root lession nematode potato), pakis Europe : Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, 217
Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia. Asia : Azerbaijan, China, India, Japan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Turkey, Vietnam. Africa : Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, Libya, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela. Oceania : Australia, New Zealand.
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III. CENDAWAN / FUNGAL
No. NAMA ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLAS/ NAMA UMUM/ INANG/ GOL/ MEDIA PEMBAWA/ DAERAH SEBAR/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/CLASS/COMMON NAME HOST GROUP PATHWAY GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1. Alternaria cucumerina (Ell. & Ev.) Elliott.; (=Macrosporium (P): Cucuraceae, Citrullus I tanaman (plant), bagian Indonesia : Jawa (Bogor) cucumerinum =Alternaria brassicae var. nigrescens) ; vulgaris (semangka, tanaman (part of plant) Asia: India Anamorphic fungi; cucumber blight, brown spot of watermelon), Cucumis melo cucumber, alternaria leaf blight (melon, melon) America: Argentina, USA
2. Balansia oryzae-sativae (Hashioka); (P): Oryza sativa (padi, I biji (grain), tanaman Indonesia: Jawa (Sukabumi, Bogor, Tegal) (=Balansia oryzae=Ephelis pallida =Ephelis oryzae) ; paddy) (plant), bagian tanaman Asia: China, India ,Japan Ascomycetes; black choke, black ring, false ergot, incense (part of plant) rod, sterility disease, udbatta, udbatta disease Africa: Sierra Leone America: USA Oceania: New Caledonia , Vanuatu
3. Botrytis allii (Munn).; (P) : Allium ascalonicum I benih (seed) dan umbi Indonesia : Sumatera (Barat dan Lampung). Busuk leher batang (Neck rot fungus) (bawang merah, shallot) (bulb) Europe : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic and Slovakia , Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, UK. Asia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, Georgia (Republic), India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Vietnam.
Africa : Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia.
219
America : Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Jamaica, Panama, USA, Venezuela. Oceania : Australia, New Zealand.
4. Ceratocystis fimbriata ; Theobroma cacao (kakao, I biji (grain) dan benih Indonesia : Jawa,Kalimantan,Sumatera (Aceh, Riau). Penyakit layu,atau kanker, atau busuk, hawar cocoa), Coffea spp. (kopi, (seed), tanaman dan Europe : France, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Switzerland, (Ceratocystis wilt, cancer, or rot, blight) coffee), Crotalaria, Hevea , bagian tanaman UK. Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), Ipomoea , Eucalyptus spp. Asia : Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Taiwan, (Eucalyptus), Myristica India, Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Korea fragrans (pala) Republic of (South Korea), Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam. Africa : DR Congo,Ivory Coast, Ghana, Seychelles, South Africa, Uganda. America : Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii, Venezuela. Oceania : American Samoa, Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands.
5. Chalara paradoxa (De Seynes) Sacc; (=Ceratocystis (P): Musa spp. (pisang, I akar (root), batang (stem) Indonesia : Sumatera (Lampung), Jawa (Barat). paradoxa = Ceratostomella paradoxa =Endoconidium banana) Europe : France, Italy, Portugal , Spain . fragrans =Hughesiella euricoi =Ophiostoma paradoxa =Sporoschisma paradoxum =Stilbochalara dimorpha Asia : Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China , Cocos =Thielaviopsis ethacetica); Ascomycetes; black rot , base Islands, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Kuwait, Malaysia, rot, bitten leaf of coconut, black end of banana, black rot of Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri sugarcane, black scorch of date palm, bleeding stem of Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. coconut, crown decay of date palm, crown rot of banana, Africa : Algeria, Angola, British Indian Ocean Territory, dry basal rot of coconut, finger tip rot of banana, head rot of date palm, heart rot of date palm, leaf rot of coconut, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, pineapple disease, pod rot of cocoa, root rot of coconut, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Libya, sett rot of sugarcane, stalk rot of banana, stalk rot of Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, pineapple, water blister of pineapple, soft rot, dry basal rot Mozambique, Nigeria, Réunion, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South of oil palm, bulb rot, fruit rot, post-harvest rot Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, 220
Zimbabwe. America : Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania : Australia , Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Pacific Islands, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu.
6. Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc var caulivora (P): Phaseolus spp., I benih (seed), bagian Indonesia : Jawa (Bogor) Athow & Caldwell; (=Phomopsis phaseoli = Phoma Capsicum annuum (cabai, tanaman (part of plant), Europe: Hungary,Italy, Romania subcirnata ); Ascomycetes;lima bean pod blight, leaf spot hot pepper, chilies, red media tanam (planting of Lima bean, bean pod blight, bean batang (stem) blight, pepper), Glycine max medium) Asia: India bean batang (stem) canker (kedelai, soybean), Helianthus annuus (bunga Africa: South Africa matahari, sunflower), Vicia America: Argentina, USA faba Oceania: Australia
7. Diaporthe vexans Gratz; (=Phyllosticta hortorum = (P): Solanum melongena I benih (seed), tanaman Indonesia : Jawa (Bogor, Kuningan) Phomopsis vexans) ; Ascomycetes; Phomopsis; blight of (terung, eggplant, (plant), bagian tanaman Asia: China, India, Malaysia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia eggplant, Phomopsis rot of eggplant, brown spot of aubergine) (part of plant), media eggplant, fruit rot of eggplant, tipover of eggplant tanam (planting medium) America: Mauritius, Barbados, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, Guyana, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA
Oceania: New Caledonia
8. Fusarium moniliforme f.sp. asparagi (Cohen); Layu, busuk Asparagus officinalis I benih (seed) Indonesia : Jawa (Barat dan Timur : Malang). akar (Wilt, root rot) (asparaga, asparagus)
221
9. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp . passiflorae (W.L. Gordon); Layu Passiflora quadrangularis I benih (seed) Indonesia : Sumatera (Utara). Fusarium (Fusarium wilt) (markisa, granadilla, Asia : China (Fujian). passion-fruit) Africa : South Africa.
America : Brazil, USA (Hawaii).
Oceania : Australia .
10. Helminthosporium solani Durieu & Mont; (=Cladosporium (P): Solanum tuberosum I umbi (tuber), bagian Indonesia: Jawa abietinum =Spondylocladium atrovirens) ; Anamorphic (kentang, potato) tanaman (part of plant) Europe: Austria,Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech, Slovakia, fungi; silver scurf Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Rusia, Swedia,Switzerlands, UK Asia: China,Taiwan, India ,Iran, Israel, Japan, Myanmar, Singapore, Turkey Africa: Morocco, South Africa America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,Canada, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, USA, Venezuela Oceania: Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea
11. Peronosclerospora sorghi (Weston & Uppal) C.G Shaw.; (P): Sorghum bicolor I bagian tanaman (part of Indonesia : Jawa (Barat) (=Protomyces graminicola = Sclerospora graminicola (sorgum, sorghum), plant) Asia: Bangladesh, China,Taiwan, India,Iran, Israel, Japan, =S.sorghi =S.sorghi-vulgaris) ; Oomycetes; sorghum Sorghum spp., Zea mays Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Yemen downy mildew, mildew of maize and sorghum (jagung, corn, maize) Africa: Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Egypt, (S): Andropogon sorghi , Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Panicum trypheron , Nigeria, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa,Sudan, Swaziland, Pennisetum glaucum, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Sorghum halepense, Zea America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, mexicana Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela Oceania: Australia
12. Peronospora manshurica (Naum) Syd.; Downy mildew Glycine max (kedelai, I benih (seed) dan biji Indonesia : Jawa Timur, Jawa Barat (Bogor). (embun bulu) soybean) (grain) Europe : Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Czech Republic and Slovakia , Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, 222
Italy, Latvia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia , Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia. Asia : China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Korea Republic of (South Korea), Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam. Africa : Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA. Oceania : Australia , New Zealand.
13. Phakopsora vitis (Thum) Syd.; (Physopella ampelopsidis); Vitis vinifera (anggur, I benih (seed) dan buah Indonesia : Jawa (Timur), Bali. Karat (Rust) grapevine) (fruit) Asia : China, Japan , Korea Republic of (South Korea), Nepal.
14. Phoma lingam (Tode ex Fr.) Demazieres; Pangkal batang Brassica oleracea var. I benih (seed) Indonesia : Jawa (Timur). hitam(Black leg) capitata (kubis, cabbage) Europe : Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Scotland. Asia : Armenia, China, Taiwan,Georgia (Republic), India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Korea Republic of (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Turkey. Africa : Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, USA, Hawaii. Oceania : Australia , New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea.
223
15. Phytophthora capsici (Leonian), Busuk polong Piper nigrum (lada, pepper) I bibit (seedling), buah Indonesia : Sumatera (Bangka, Belitung, Lampung), (Phytophthora pod rot) (fruit) Kalimantan (Barat), Sulawesi.
Europe : Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy, Russia, Spain, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia. Asia : China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Korea Republic of (South Korea), Lebanon, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Turkey. Africa : Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa. America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii, Venezuela. Oceania : Palau, Federated states of Micronesia (Caroline Islands).
16. Phytophthora citrophthora (R.H Sm & E. Sm); (P): Citrus spp., Theobroma I buah (fruit), benih (seed), Indonesia : Sulawesi (Tengah), NTT (Soe) (= Pythiacystis citrophthora ); Oomycetes; cacao (kakao, cocoa) bagian tanaman (part of Europe: Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, brown rot of Citrus fruit, foot rot of Citrus , cocoa black pod plant), media tanam (S): Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi), Portugal, Rusia, Spain, Switzerland, UK (planting medium) Mandevilla spp., Tabernae Asia: Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, Georgia, India, Iran, coronaria , Euonymus spp., Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Lebanon, Rhododendron spp., Hevea Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Turkey, brasiliensis (karet, rubber Vietnam, Yemen tree), Fagus spp., Ribes sanguineum, Juglans spp., Africa: Algeria, Angola, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Sandoricum koetjape Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, (kecapi, kecaphi) Ficus Mozambique,Senegal, South Africa, Tunisia, Zambia, elastica , Cocos nucifera Zimbabwe (kelapa, coconut), Sesamum indicum (wijen, sesame), Piper nigrum (lada, pepper), America: Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Chile, Costa Pistacia vera , Fragaria spp., Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guyana Prunus domestica , Rubus France, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, idaeus, Coptis japonica , Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto Murraya sp., Poncirus Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay, trifoliate , Capsicum annuum Venezuela 224
(cabai, hot pepper, chilies, Oceania: Cook Islands, Fiji, New Caledonia, New red pepper), Taxus spp., Zealand Sequoiadendron giganteum.
17. Phytophthora fragariae (Hickman), Red core, red stele Fragaria vesca (Arbei, I benih (seed) Indonesia : Jawa (Barat). disease strawberry) Europe : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Scotland. Asia : China, Taiwan, Japan, Lebanon, Syria. Africa : Egypt. America : Canada, Ecuador, Mexico, USA . Oceania : Australia, New Zealand.
18. Phytophthora sojae Kaufm & Gerd.; (P): Glycine max (kedelai, I benih (seed), bagian Indonesia : Jawa (Barat, Tengah) (=Phytophthora megasperma f.sp. glycinea =P.sojae f.sp. soybean) tanaman (part of plant) Europe: France, Italy, Rusia, Ukraine glycines =P.megasperma var. sojae) ; Oomycetes; (S): Lupinus sp. Phytophthora root and batang (stem) rot, root and batang Asia: China, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Pakistan (stem) rot of soybean, root and stem rot of soyabean America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, USA Oceania: Australia
225
19. Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Cucumis sativus (mentimun, I benih ( true seed ), seedling Indonesia : Sumatera,Jawa, Bali. Rostovtzev; Embun bulu (Downy mildew) cucumber), Cucumis melo Europe : Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic (melun, melon), Citrullus and Slovakia , Denmark, Finland, Belarus, Latvia, lanatus (semangka, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, watermelon) dan Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, cucurbitaceae lainnya Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK.
Asia : Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Taiwan, Georgia
(Republic), India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal,
Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, Yemen.
Africa : Algeria, DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
America : Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas,
Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,
Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii,Venezuela.
Oceania : American Samoa, Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea,
Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga.
20. Pythium myriotylum (Drechs).; Oomycetes; brown rot of (P): Araceae, Arachys I bagian tanaman (part of Indonesia: Sumatera
226
groundnut, cocoyam root rot, groundnut pod breakdown, hypogaea (kacang tanah, plant), tanah (soil) Europe: The Netherlands, Belgium kernel rot of groundnut, pod rot of groundnut, tannia leaf groundnut, peanut), Asia: China ,Taiwan, India , Israel, Japan, North burning disease, wilt of groundnut Colocasia spp., Colocasia Korea, South Korea, Malaysia, Sri Lanka esculenta (talas, taro), Xanthosoma spp. Africa: Cameroon, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, (S): Amaranthus hybridus Zambia (bayam, spinach), Ananas comosus (nenas, pineapple), America: Brazil, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Artemisia vulgaris , Brassica Martinique, Mexico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent & the oleracea capitata (kubis, Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, USA cabbage), Carthamus tinctorius,Carica papaya Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Kepulauan Solomon, Vanuatu (pepaya, pawpaw), Citrullus vulgaris (semangka, watermelon), Cucumis sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Curcuma domestica ( kunyit, tumeric), Coronilla varia , Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, oilpalm) Eucalyptus , Fragaria vesca (arbei, strawberry), Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, cotton), Medicago sativa , Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy), Paulownia , Phaseolus spp., Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Secale cereale (rye), Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant aubergine), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Spinacia oleracea , V igna spp., Zea 227
mays (jagung, corn, maize), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger), Zantedeschia elliottiana,Robinia pseudoacacia
21. Pythium ultimum (Trow); Oomycetes; black- (P): Alstroemeria (Inca lily), I bagian tanaman (part of Indonesia : Jawa (Barat) leg of seedlings; damping-off of seedlings; fruit rot; root rot; Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), plant), benih, seedling Europe: France, Germany, Italy, Russia, UK, Serbia, stem rot of seedlings; tree decline; watery wound rot of Beta vulgaris var. Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, potato; leek of potato saccharifera (bit, sugarbeet), Montenegro, Macedonia, Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage), Asia: China, India, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, South Capsicum (peppers), Korea Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), Cicer arietinum Africa: Egypt. (chickpea), Cucumis sativus America: Canada, Mexico, USA, Peru. (ketimun, cucumber), Daucus carota (wortel, Oceania: Australia. carrot), Fagus sylvatica (common beech), Ficus carica (ara), Fragaria (stroberi, strawberry), Glycine max (kedelai, soyabean), Gossypium (kapas, cotton), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Impatiens (balsam), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lilium longiflorum (Easter lily), Linum usitatissimum (flax), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Malus domestica (apel, apple), Medicagosativa (lucerne), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, rice), Phaseolus (beans), Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Pisum sativum (pea), Raphanus sativus (radish), Solanum melongena (terung, aubergine), Solanum 228
tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Spinacia oleracea (bayam, spinach), Triticumaestivum (gandum, wheat), Zea mays (jagung, maize), Zingiber officinale (jahe, ginger), Zinnia
22. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary; (=Sclerotinia Abelmoschus esculentus I Buah (Fruits/pods), Indonesia : Jawa (Barat, Tengah) libertiana = Whetzelinia sclerotiorum = Sclerotium varium (okra), Actinidia chinensis inflorescence, daun Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, = Peziza sclerotiorum); clerotiniaceae; cottony soft rot, (Chinese gooseberry), (leaves), akar (roots), Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, white rot, Sclerotinia wilt, Sclerotinia head rot, Sclerotinia Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit), benih (seeds), batang Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, blossom blight, Sclerotinia drop Sclerotinia soft rot, Alcea rosea (Hollyhock), (stems), tanaman (whole Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Sclerotinia stalk rot, Sclerotinia stem rot, collar rot, Allium cepa (onion), Allium plant) Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian,Slovakia, Spain, Sclerotinia pod rot, Sclerotinia canker, Sclerotinia twig sativum (garlic), Anethum Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, blight, watery pod rot, white mould, sclerotinia disease graveolens (dill), Angelica Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, archangelica (Angelica),
Antirrhinum majus Asia: Azerbaijan, China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, (snapdragon), Apium Jordan, South Korea, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, graveolens (celery), Apium Singapore, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, graveolens var. rapaceum Uzbekistan (celeriac), Arachis hypogaea (groundnut), Arctium lappa Africa: Algeria, DR Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, (burdock), Asparagus Libya, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, St. officinalis (asparagus), Helena, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe Astragalus sinicus (chinese America: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, clover), Begonia Nicaragua, Panama, Canada, Mexico, USA, tuberhybrida , Bellis perennis Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, (common daisy), Beta Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela vulgaris var. saccharifera (sugarbeet), Brassica , Oceania: Australia , Fiji, New Zealand, Samoa Brassica napus var. napus (rape), Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage), Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (Brussels sprouts), Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes (kohlrabi), Brassica oleracea 229
var. italica (broccoli), Brassica oleracea var. viridis (collards), Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (Chinese cabbage), Brassica rapa subsp. rapa (turnip), Brassicaceae (cruciferous crops), Camellia , Campanula (campanulas), Cannabis sativa (hemp), Capsicum annuum (bell pepper), Capsicum frutescens (chilli), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), Carum carvi (caraway), Chrysanthemum (daisy), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Cichorium (chicory), Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), Citrus, Citrus aurantiifolia (lime), Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citrus maxima (pummelo), Citrus medica (citron), Citrus reticulata (mandarin), Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit), Corchorus olitorius (jute), Coriandrum sativum (coriander), Cucumis melo (melon), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Cucurbita maxima (giant pumpkin), Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (globe artichoke), Daucus carota (carrot), Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), Glycine max (soyabean), 230
Gossypium (cotton), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke), Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf), Humulus (hop), Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), Iris (irises), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris (lentil), Lilium (lily), Lupinus (lupins), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Malus domestica (apple), Medicago sativa (lucerne), Melilotus (melilots), Mentha piperita (Peppermint), Morus (mulberrytree), Musa (banana), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Ocimum basilicum (basil), Panax ginseng (Asiatic ginseng), Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy), Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), Persea americana (avocado), Petunia , Phaseolus (beans), Phaseolus coccineus (runner bean), Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean ), Phaseolus radiata , Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean), Phlox , Pisum sativum (pea), Prunus (stone fruit), Rheum hybridum (rhubarb), Ricinus communis (castor bean), Rosa (roses), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Saccharum officinarum 231
(sugarcane), Sesamum indicum (sesame), Solanum melongena (aubergine), Solanum tuberosum (potato), Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Trifolium (clovers), Tulipa (tulip), Vicia faba (broad bean), Vigna angularis (adzuki bean), Vigna mungo (black gram), Vigna radiata (mung bean), Viola (violet), Zinnia
23. Spongospora subterranea f.sp . subterranea (Wallr.) Solanum tuberosum II benih (seed) , umbi Indonesia : Jawa (Barat : Cipanas, Pengalengan , Lagerh.; Slimy rot, powdery scab (kentang, potato), (tuber), benih (seeds) dan Dataran Tinggi Jawa Barat). Lycopersicum esculentum buah (fruit) Europe : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech (tomat, tomato) Republic and Slovakia, Denmark, Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK. Asia : China, Taiwan, India, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Turkey. Africa : Algeria, Burundi, Egypt, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, Zimbabwe.
America : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Falkland Islands, Mexico, Panama, Peru, USA, Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania : Australia, New Zealand.
24. Stagonospora sacchari (T.T. Lo & K.C. Ling); Gosong Saccharum officinarum I Stek (cutting), batang Indonesia : Sumatera (Selatan, Lampung), Jawa daun tebu(Sugarcane scorch) (tebu, sugarcane) (stem) dan bagian (Timur). tanaman (part of plant) Asia : China, Taiwan, India, Japan, Philippines, 232
Thailand, Vietnam. Africa : South Africa. America : Argentina, Panama, Venezuela, Oceania, Papua New Guinea.
25. Synchitrium pogostemonis Nilam I Semua bagian tanaman Indonesia : Jawa, Sumatera (All part of plant)
26. Uncinula necator (Schwennerts) Burril; Embun tepung Vitis vinifera (anggur, I benih (seed), sisa benih Indonesia : Jawa (Timur). (Powdery mildew) grapevine) dan sisa tanaman (plant Europe : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech debris) Republic, Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Moldova, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK.
Asia : Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, China, Taiwan,
Georgia, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.
Africa : Egypt, Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania. America : Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Peru, USA, Hawaii, Venezuela. Oceania : Australia,New Zealand, Papua New Guinea.
27. Ustilago scitaminea Syd. (Sydow); Sugarcane pecut Saccharum officinarum II Tanaman dan bagian Indonesia : Jawa (Tengah, Timur). api(Sugarcane smut) (tebu, sugarcane) tanaman (plant and part Europe : Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, of plant) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia, Portugal. Asia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia,Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Vietnam. 233
Africa : Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, DR Congo , Ivory Coast, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. America : Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii,Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania : Australia, Fiji.
234
IV. BAKTERI / BACTERIAL
NO. NAMA ILMIAH/ORDO/FAMILI/NAMA UMUM/ INANG/ GOL/ MEDIA PEMBAWA/ DAERAH SEBAR/ PATHWAY SCIENTIFIC NAME/TAXON/COMMON NAME HOST GROUP GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1. Burkholderia glumae (Kurita & Tabei)Urakami et al., (P): Oryza sativa (padi, rice) I seed, semua bagian Indonesia : Jawa, Sulawesi Tenggara (Kab. (= Pseudomonas glumae );Burkholderiales: tanaman (all parts of Kolaka, Kab. Konawe) Burkholderiaceae;bacterial grain rot; grain rot; plant), media tanam Asia: China,Taiwan, Japan, Korea,Philippines, bacterial seedling rot; rice grain rot; rice seedling rot; (planting medium) Sri Lanka, Vietnam rice seedling blight; sheath rot; grain sterility of rice;
grain discoloration of rice America: Colombia
2. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (P): Capsicum frutescens (cabai I semua bagian tanaman Indonesia: Sumatera (Barat), Jawa (Smith) Davis et al .; (=Aplanobacter michiganensis rawit, hot pepper, chilies), Capsicum (all parts of plants), media (Pandeglang) =Bacterium michiganense =Corynebacterium annuum (paprika, bell-pepper, red tanam (planting medium), Europe: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, michiganense pv. michiganense =C.michiganense pepper), Lycopersicum esculentum benih/biji (seed/grain) Cyprus, Czech, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, subsp. michiganense =C.michiganense =Erwinia (tomat, tomato), Solanum Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, michiganensis (=michiganense) =Mycobacterium melongena (terung, eggplant , Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, michiganense =Phytomonas michiganensis aubergine) Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia , =Pseudomonas michiganense =P. (S): Solanum mammosum , France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, The michiganensis); Actynomycetales : Microbacteriaceae; S.dauglas, S. nigrum, S. trifolium Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, bacterial cancer, birds eye spot Slovenia, Spain, Switzerlands, Ukraina, UK, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia. Asia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Libanon, Turkey. Africa: Egypt, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, South Africa.
America: Belize, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, 235
Dominican Republ ic, Equador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Mexico, Panama, Peru, USA, Uruguay. Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, Tonga.
3. Erwinia chrysanthemi (Bulkholder, Mc. Fadden & (P): Chrysanthemum spp., Araceae, I bahan tanaman (planting Indonesia : Sumatera (Lampung), Jawa Dimock); (=Erwinia carotovora f.sp. parthenii Aglaonema,Aloe vera , Allium spp . material) dan tanah (soil) (Barat /Bogor). =E.carotovora f.sp. zeae =E.carotovora var. (bawang-bawangan), Begonia , Europe : Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, chrysanthemi =E.dieffenbachiae =E.maydis Brachiaria , Brassica oleraceae var. Finland, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and =E.paradisiaca=Pectobacterium carotovorum f. sp. botrytis (kol bunga, cauliflower), Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, chrysanthemi =P.carotovorum var. chrysanthemi Dieffenbachia, Dianthus , Dracaena France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, =P.carotovorum var. graminarum marginata , Elettaria cardamomum , Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, =P.chrysanthemi=P.chrysanthemi pv. zeae Pelargonium zonale hybrids, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, =P.parthenii-dianthicola ); Enterobacteriales: Philodendron Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Scotland Enterobacteriaceae; busuk kaki (S): Aglaonema commutatum , Asia : Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Ananas comosus (nenas, Israel, Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea), pineapple), Apium graveolens Korea Republic of (South Korea), Malaysia , (seladeri, celery), Brachiaria mutica , Nepal, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Brassica oleracea var. capitata Syria. (kubis, cabbage), Capsicum annuum (paprika, bell-pepper), Africa : Algeria, Comoros, DR Congo, Cote Dieffenbachiamaculata,Dianthus d'Ivoire, Egypt, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, spp., Lycopersicum esculentum Réunion, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, (tomat, tomato), Panicum maximum , Zimbabwe. Pennisetum purpureum , Philodendron spp., Aechmea America : Aruba, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada , fasciata , Anemone, Celosia Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, French argentea , Cichorium endivia Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, (andewi, endevi), Cichorium intybus , Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Canna , Consolida ambigua , Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, USA, Cucumis melo (melun, melon), Venezuela. Colocasia esculenta (taleus, taro), Oceania : Australia, Cook Islands, New Cynara scolimus (artichoke), Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Cyclamen , Dahlia pinnata , Daucus Islands. carota (wortel, carrot), Euphorbia pulcherrima , Helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Hyacinthus , Imperata cylindrica (alang-alang, bedding grass), Ipomoea batatas (ubi rambat, sweet 236
potato), Kalanchoe blossfeldiana , Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce) Medicago sativa , Musa x paradisiaca (pisang kepok, plantain), Musa textilis,Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, paddy ), Paspalum, Phalaenopsis , Parthenium argentatum , Pyrus communis , Raphanus sativus (lobak, radish), Saccharum officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Sedum spectabile , Saintpaulia ionantha , Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant) Solanum tuberosum (kentang, potato), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Syngonium podophyllum , Tulip spp. , Xanthosoma caracu , Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize)
4. Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (Davis et al.) Evtushenko et (P): Saccharum officinarum (tebu, I stek, batang (stem stoke), Indonesia : Jawa al.); (=Clavibacter xyli = Clavibacter xyli subsp . xyli); sugarcane) mata tunas (buds), bunga Europe : Spain. Actynomycetales : Microbacteriaceae; ratoon stunting (flower), akar (root) (S): Zea mays (jagung, corn, maize), of sugarcane, sugarcane ratoon stunting disease Asia : Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, India, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Japan, Malaysia , Myanmar, Pakistan, sorghum), Brachiaria spp., Chloris Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand. gayana , Cynodon dactylon , Echinochloa colonum , Imperata Africa : Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Comoros, xylindrical , Panicum maximum , DR Congo, Ivory Coast, Djibouti, Egypt, Pennisetum purpureum dan Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Rhynchelytrum repens . Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Réunion, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan,
Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe.
America : Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, 237
Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Hawaii, Uruguay, Venezuela. Oceania : Australia , Fiji.
5. Liberibacter asiaticus (= Liberobacter asiaticum ; (P): Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange) I kulit batang (bark), buah Indonesia : Papua, Jawa, Kalimantan, =Candidatus liberobacter africanum=C.liberobacter (fruit), media tanam (Pontianak), Bali (Tabanan, Buleleng), Nusa (S): Murraya, Toddalia , asiaticum) ; Proteobacteria, Alpha subdivision; Citrus (planting medium), tanah Tenggara Timur (Kupang), Sulawesi Calodendrum capense huanglongbing (greening) disease, African greening, (soil), dengan tanaman (Mamuju), Sumatra (Palembang, Jambi, dan Asian greening, Citrus greening bacterium, greening hidup (with live plant), Bangka). bacterium, huanglongbing bacterium bunga (flower), daun Asia : Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, (leaf), akar (root), anakan Taiwan,India, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, (plantlet), batang (stem), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi biji sejati (true seed) Arabia, South East Asia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Vector : Diaphorina citri , Thailand, Vietnam, Yemen. Trioza erytreae Africa : Mauritius, Réunion.
Oceania : Papua New Guinea.
6. Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle) Stapp.; Chrysanthemum spp., Glycine max I benih (seed) Indonesia : Jawa (Barat). Pseudomonadales : Pseudomonadaceae; hawar (kedelai, soybean), Apium Europe : France, Germany, Greece, Italy, bakteri graveolens (seladeri, celery), Dahlia , Macedonia, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Ukraine, Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), UK. Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, tobacco) Asia : China, Taiwan, India, Iran, Japan, Korea Republic of (South Korea).
Africa : Burundi, South Africa, Tanzania. America : Argentina, Barbados, Brazil , Canada, Chile, Cuba, USA, Hawaii. Oceania : Australia, New Zealand.
7. Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans ; (=Bacillus (P): Cucumis sativus (mentimun, I kulit (bark), buah (fruit), Indonesia : Jawa (Barat, Tengah) lachrymans =Bacterium burgeri =Bacterium cucumber), Benincasa hispida , daun (leaf), benih (seed), Europe: Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech, lachrymans =Chlorobacter lachrymans =Phytomonas Citrullus lunatus , Cucumis auguria, planlet, batang (stem) Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, lachrymans =Pseudomonas lachrymans Cucumis melo, Cucurbita moschata, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, =P.lachrymans f. cucumis =P.burgeri); Luffa acutangula, Sechium edule. Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae; angular leaf 238
spot of cucumber , b acterial leaf spot Ukraine, UK, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia Asia: China, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Laos, Philippines, Singapore, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Gabon, Kenya, South Africa, Zimbabwe America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada,Colombia, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, USA, Venezuela Oceania: Australia, New Zealand
8. Pseudomonas syringae pv . mori (Boyer & Lambert) Morus alba (murbei, mulberry) I bahan tanaman (part of Indonesia : Jawa Young et al.; Pseudomonadales : plant) Europe : Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Pseudomonadaceae; hawar daun Slovakia, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraina, Russia , Germany, Hungary, Italy, Romania, UK Asia : China, India, Iran, Japan, Korea DPR (North Korea), Korea Republic of (South Korea), Pakistan, Turkey. Africa : South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe. America : Brazil, Canada, Caribbean, USA. Oceania : Australia , New Zealand.
9. Pseudomonas syzygii (Roberts et al).; Syzygium aromaticum (cengkeh, I bibit tanaman (seedling), Indonesia : Sumatera, Jawa, Bali, Sulawesi. Pseudomonadales : Pseudomonadaceae; bakteri clove), Syzygium spp., Eugenia spp. semua bagian tanaman
pembuluh kayu Syzygium aromaticum (cengkeh, kecuali bunga kering (all clove) (BPKC) plat parts excluding dried flower) vector : Hindola spp. 239
10. Ralstonia solanacearum Ras 2 (Smith) Yabuuchi et Musa spp. (pisang, banana) , I bibit (seedling), tanah Indonesia : Jawa, Sumatera (Simalungun, al.; Burkholderiales : Ralstoniaceae; penyakit moko Heliconia , Musa x paradisiacal (soil) Padanglawas Utara, Belawan), Bali, NTB, (pisang kapok, plantain) Maluku.
Asia : China, Taiwan, India, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. Africa : Ethiopia, Libya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia. America : Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA , Venezuela. Oceania : Australia .
11. Spiroplasma citri (Saglio et al).; Entomoplasmatales: Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Pisum I bibit tanaman (seedling of) Indonesia : Jawa. Spiroplasmataceae; stubborn disease sativum , Trifolium pratense,Trifolium Vector : Circulifer tenellus, Europe : Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Spain. repens, Vicia faba, Vinca rosea Scaphytopius nitrides, S. Asia : Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, acutus delongi , Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Neoaliturus haematoceps. United Arab Emirates, Yemen. Africa : Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Madagascar, Morocco, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia. America : Argentina, Brazil , Mexico, Peru, Suriname, USA, Venezuela. Oceania : New Zealand.
V. VIRUS / VIRAL
NO NAMA ILMIAH/ORDO/FAMILI/NAMA UMUM/ INANG/ GOL/ MEDIA PEMBAWA/ DAERAH SEBAR/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/TAXON/COMMON NAME HOST GROUP PATHWAY GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
240
1. Banana streak badnavirus Musa spp. (pisang, banana I tanaman dan bagian Indonesia : Lampung, Jawa Barat tanaman (plant and Europe : Portugal , Spain . part of plant) Asia : China, Taiwan, India, Jordan, Malaysia,
Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand.
Africa : Benin, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Ivory Coast,
Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda.
America : Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Ecuador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Virgin Islands, Venezuela. Oceania : Australia, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga.
2. Citrus Exocortis Viroid (CEVd) (P) : Citroncirus webberi (citrange), I Buah (Fruits), polong Indonesia : Jawa Citrus limon (lemon), Citrus limonia (pods), titik tumbuh Eropa : Cyprus, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and (jeruk limau, mandarin lime), Citrus (growing points), Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, Italy, reticulata x Poncirus trifoliata inflorescence, daun Portugal, Russia, Spain. (citrumelo), Poncirus trifoliate (leaves), batang (trifoliate orange) (stems) dan seluruh tanaman (whole
plant). (S) : Brassica rapa ssp. Oleifera Asia : China, India, Iran, Irak, Israel, Japan, Jordan, (turnip rape), Chrysanthemum Korea Republic of (South Korea), Lebanon, Malaysia, vestitum , Citrus, Daucus carota Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Syria, (wortel, carrot), Gynura aurantiaca Thailand, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, (java velvet plant), Gynura Yemen procumbens, Lycopersicon esculentum (tomat, tomato), Petunia hybrida , Solanum melongena (terong, aubergine), Solanum 241
tuberosum (kentang, potato), Tagetes patula (French marigold), Vicia faba (broad bean), Vitis vinifera (grapevine)
3. Fiji phytoreovirus Saccharum officinarum (tebu, I bibit tanaman Indonesia : Sulawesi, Papua sugarcane) (seedling of) Asia : Malaysia , Philippines, Thailand.
Africa : Madagascar Oceania : American Samoa, Australia , Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu.
4. Onions yellow dwarf potyvirus Allium ascalonicum (bawang merah, I bibit/umbi (seed/bulb) Indonesia : Jawa Tengah shallot), Allium cepa, Alium porrum, Europe : Austria, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Alium sativum Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Scotland. Asia : China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Thailand, Turkey Africa : Morocco, South Africa. America : Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Cuba, USA, Uruguay. Oceania : Australia, New Zealand.
5. Sweet potato Feathery mottle virus Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, sweet I bibit (seedling) Indonesia : Jawa Tengah, Papua. potato) Widespread where host occurs USA : restricted distribution
6. Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) (P): Lycopersicum esculentum I Stek (cutting), Indonesia : Jawa Barat, Pontianak (Kab. Kubu Raya) (tomat, tomato), Capsicum annuum tanaman (plant of ) Sin: pineapple yellow spot virus, tomato spotted Europe : Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, (paprika, bell-pepper) , Lactuca wilt virus group, dahlia oakleaf virus, dahlia Vektor: Franklini ella Cyprus, Czech Republic,Finland, France, Germany, sativa (selada, lettuce), Pisum ringspot virus, dahlia yellow ringspot virus, bispinosa, F. intonsa, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy , Lithuania, Malta, sativum (kapri, sweet pea), 242
groundnut ringspot virus, mung bean leaf curl virus Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, F.fusca, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal , tobacco), Solanum tuberosum F.occidenttalis, F. Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain , (kentang, potato), Solanaceae, schultzei, F. Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, Scotland, Serbia, Alstroemeria, Ananas comosus tenuicornis, Thrips Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia. (nenas, pineapple), Anemone palmi, T. setosus, T. Asia : Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, coronaria,Apium graveolens tabaci, T.flavus, Taiwan, Georgia (Republic), India , Iran, Israel, (seladeri, celery), Arachys hypogaea Scirtothrips dorsalis Japan, Malaysia , Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi (kacang tanah, groundnut, peanut), Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey, Aster, Begonia , Bidens pilosa , Uzbekistan Benincasa hispida , Calceolaria, Chrysanthemum x morifolium , Africa : Algeria, Burkina Faso, DR Congo, Ivory Carica papaya (papaya, pawpaw), Coast, Egypt, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Cichorium endivia , Cicer Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Senegal, South Africa, arietinum,Citrullus lanatus Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. (semangka, watermelon), Columnea hirta, Canavalia gladiata , Capsicum America : Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, annuum (cabai, hot pepper), Colombia, Costa Rica, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Callistephus chinensis, Mexico, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Suriname, USA, Catharanthus roseus , Cucumis Hawaii,Uruguay, Venezuela. sativus (mentimun, cucumber), Oceania : Australia, Cook Islands, New Zealand, Cucurbita pepo , Crotalaria juncea , Papua New Guinea. Cyphoman dra betacea , Cynara scolymus , Cyclamen, Dahlia, Dieffenbachia , Eustoma grandiflorum, Ficus elastica, Ficus pumila, Gerbera spp. , Gerbera jamesonii, Galinsoga parviflora,Glycine max (kedelai, soybean), Gossypium hirsutum (kapas, cotton), helianthus annuus (bunga matahari, sunflower), Impatiens walleriana , Jacquemontia tamnifolia,Kalanchoe , Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris (lentil), Lathyrus sativus,Lupinus spp. (Lupine), Mentha piperita,Nicandra physalodes , Nicotiana rustica , Oncidium , Ocimum basilicum,Pelargonium, Petunia hybrida, Phaseolus, Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, mungbean), Vigna 243
mungo , Vigna cylindrica (buncis, common bean), Physalis peruviana , Phalaenopsis, Sechium edule , Senecio cruentus , Stephanotis floribunda, Sinningia , Sinningia speciosa , Solanum melongena (terung, eggplant), Tagetes , Tephrosia purpurea, Vicia faba, Vigna unguiculata , Vitis vinifera (anggur, grapevine), Valerianella locusta, Zinnia elegans, Zantedeschiaaethiopica , Ageratum conyzoides , Calendula officinalis , Canna indica , Coleus , Mirabilis jalapa , Saintpaulia ionantha, Salvia officinalis, Valeriana officinalis
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VI. GULMA / WEEDS
NO NAMA ILMIAH/ORDO/FAMILI/NAMA UMUM/ MEDIA PEMBAWA/ GOL/ DAERAH SEBAR/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/TAXON/COMMON NAME PATHWAY GROUP GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1. Asystasia gangetica subsp. micrantha (Nees) Ensermu ; Tanaman perkebunan/ plantation crops II Indonesia: Sumatera, Jawa (Barat), Kalimantan Acanthaceae ; (= Asystasia intrusa) ; Chinese violet (Timur, Barat) Africa: Daerah tropis dan sub tropis. Asia: India, Srilanka, Malaysia
2. Cuphea balsamona Cham. & Schltdl. ;Lythraceae Kentang, Kubis, Wortel, tanaman II Indonesia : Sulawesi Tengah, Jawa Barat, Sumatera sayuran (vegetable crops) Barat Schlecht Asia: China, Malaysia America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, French Guiana, Central America, Southern USA
3. Rivina humilis L. ; Phytolaccaceae ; Pigeonberry, Rouge Plant, Tanaman perkebunan/ plantation crops II Indonesia : Jawa, Sumatera, Bali Baby Peppers, Bloodberry, Coralito America: Southern USA, Karibia, Central Amerika, South Amerika.
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VII. TUNGAU / MITES
No. NAMA ILMIAH/NAMA UMUM INANG/ GOL/ MEDIA PEMBAWA/ DAERAH SEBAR/ PATHWAYS SCIENTIFIC NAME/TAXON/COMMON NAME HOST GROUP GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1. Calacarus carinatus Green (P) : Camellia japonica , II tanaman dan bagian Indonesia : Jawa, Sumatera Capsicum spp., Viburnum tanaman (plant and part Europe : Spain. spp., Camellia sinensis (teh, of plant) tea) Asia : Cambodia, Georgia (Republic), India, Indochina, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam. Africa : Kenya, Mauritius. America : USA Oceania : Australia, New Zealand.
2. Oligonychus coffeae (P) : Camellia sinensis , Coffea II daun tanaman (leaf of) Indonesia : Jawa, Sumatera spp. (kopi, coffee), Coffea arabica Europe : Russia. (S) : Anacardium occidentale , Asia : Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, Georgia Citrus , Cinnamomum (Republic), India, Myanmar, Pakistan,Philippines, Sri camphora , Corchorus Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. capsularis , Elaeis guineensis , Eucalyptus globulus , Africa :DR Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Gossypium , Hevea brasiliensis , Mauritius, South Africa, Tanzania. Indigovera, Lagerstroemia , Manihot esculenta , Mangifera America : Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, USA . indica , Morus alba , Vigna Oceania : Australia. mungo , Ricinus communis , Terminalia catappa , Vitis vinifera
3. Panonychus citri (P) : Citrus deliciosa II bibit (seedling) Indonesia : Jawa Barat (Bogor), Jawa Timur (Mediterranean mandarin), (Malang), Lampung (Way Kanan) 246
Citrus limon (lemon ), Citrus Europe : Croatia, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, x paradisi (jeruk bali, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, pommelo) , Citrus reticulata Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, (jeruk keprok, mandarin) , Ukraina, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Citrus sinensis (jeruk manis, Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, France, navel orange) , Citrus unshiu Greece, Italy, Spain (satsuma), Averhoa Asia : Azerbaijan, China, Taiwan, Georgia, India, Iran, carambola (belimbing, star Israel, Japan, Korea Republic of (South Korea), fruit) Lebanon, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Vietnam.
Africa : Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tunisia. America : Argentina, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colom bia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, USA, Hawaii, Venezuela. Oceania : Australia, New Zealand.
4. Tenuipalpus orchidarum (Parfitt) Orchidaceae (anggrek, II tanaman (live plant) Indonesia : Jawa orchids)
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VIII. OPTK PADA TANAMAN KEHUTANAN/TANAMAN KAYU
NO. NAMA ILMIAH/ORDO/FAMILI/NAMA UMUM/ INANG/ GOL/ MEDIA PEMBAWA/ DAERAH SEBAR/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/TAXON/COMMON NAME HOST GROUP PATHWAY GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
I. SERANGGA / INSECT
1. Pineus boerneri (Annand) ; Hemiptera; Adelgidae ; (P) Pinus densiflora,Pinus elliottii II batang, kayu Indonesia : Kalimantan, Sumatera pine woolly aphid ,Pinus halepensisPinus kesiya , Pinus massoniana ,Pinus merkusiiPinus Africa : Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, oocarpa ,Pinus pinaster , Pinus Uganda, Zimbabwe pungens ,Pinus roxburghii. America : Hawaii, Chile, (S) Pinus arizonica , Pinus canariensis , Pinus caribaea , Pinus clausa , Pinus Oceania : Australia, New Zealand cooperi , Pinus douglasiana , Pinus durangensis , Pinus echinata , Pinus engelmannii , Pinus glabra , Pinus greggii , Pinus hartwegii , Pinus lawsonii , Pinus leiophylla , Pinus maximinoi , Pinus michoacana , Pinus montezumae , Pinus occidentalis , Pinus palustris , Pinus patula , Pinus pinea , Pinus pseudostrobus , Pinus radiata , Pinus rigida , Pinus serotina , Pinus sylvestris , Pinus taeda , Pinus
taiwanensis , Pinus teocote , Pinus na
2. Heterobostrychus aequalis ( Waterhouse); Coleoptera; Camelia sinensis, Ceiba II batang, kayu Indonesia : Jawa, Bali Bostrichidae pentandra, Forest trees Europe : Germany 248
Powder post beetle Africa: South Africa, Madagascar Asia: India, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh Oceania : Papua New Guinea
II. CENDAWAN / FUNGI
3. Uromycladium tepperianum (Saccardo) Mc. Alpine ; Sengon, Acacia saligna (Port I bibit tanaman, batang, Indonesia : Maluku, Jawa (Timur, Barat, Tengah), Uredinales ; Pileolariaceae; rust jackson wattle) kayu Sulawesi
Asia: Malaysia, Filipina Africa: South Africa
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IX. KEONG DAN SIPUT/SNAIL AND SLUG
No. NAMA ILMIAH/ORDO/FAMILI/NAMA UMUM/ INANG/ GOL/ MEDIA PEMBAWA/ DAERAH SEBAR/ SCIENTIFIC NAME/TAXON/COMMON NAME HOST GROUP PATHWAYS GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
1. Calacarus carinatus Green (P) : Camellia II tanaman dan bagian Indonesia : Jawa, Sumatera japonica (kamelia, camellia), tanaman (plant and part Europe : Spain. Capsicum spp. (cabae,, chili), of plant) Viburnum spp., Camellia Asia : Cambodia, Georgia (Republic), India, Indochina, sinensis (teh, tea) Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam. Africa : Kenya, Mauritius. America : USA Oceania : Australia, New Zealand.
2. Oligonychus coffeae (P) : Camellia sinensis , Coffea , II daun tanaman (leaf of) Indonesia : Jawa, Sumatera Coffea arabica, Coffea spp. Europe : Russia. (kopi, coffee) Asia : Bangladesh, China, Taiwan,Georgia (Republic), (S) : Anacardium occidentale India, Myanmar, Pakistan,Philippines, Sri Lanka,Thailand, (cashew nut, jambu mete) , Vietnam. Citrus (jeruk, citrus) , Cinnamomum camphora (kayu Africa :DR Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, manis, camphor tree), Mauritius, South Africa, Tanzania. Corchorus capsularis (yute, white yute) , Elaeis guineensis America : Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, USA . (kelapa sawit, oil palm) , Oceania : Australia. Eucalyptus globules (eukaliptus, tasmania bluegum) , Gossypium (kapas, cotton) , Hevea brasiliensis (karet, rubber) , Indigovera (nila, indigo), Lagerstroemia , Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava) , Mangifera indica (mangga, mangoes) , 250
Morus alba (murbai, mora) , Vigna mungo (black gram) , Ricinus communis (jarak, castor bean) , Terminalia catappa (ketapang, singapore almond) , Vitis vinifera (anggur, grape)
3. Pila polita (Jeshayes) Oryza sativa (padi, paddy). II Tanaman Indonesia: Sumatera, Jawa (Timur)
4. Pomacea insularum Tumbuhan air/ Aquatic Plants II Packaging Indonesia: Kalimantan
5. Tenuipalpus orchidarum (Parfitt) Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchids) II tanaman ( live plant of ) Indonesia : Jawa
MENTERI PERTANIAN,
ttd
SUSWONO
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