Security Failures of Benghazi
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Considering the Planks of U.S. International Cyber Policy, 2005-2011
JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY RICE UNIVERSITY FROM TUNIS TO TUNIS: CONSIDERING THE PLANKS OF U.S. INTERNATIONAL CYBER POLICY, 2005–2011 BY CHRISTOPHER BRONK, PH.D. FELLOW IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY POLICY JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY RICE UNIVERSITY MAY 21, 2012 Considering the Planks of U.S. International Cyber Policy THESE PAPERS WERE WRITTEN BY A RESEARCHER (OR RESEARCHERS) WHO PARTICIPATED IN A BAKER INSTITUTE RESEARCH PROJECT. WHEREVER FEASIBLE, THESE PAPERS ARE REVIEWED BY OUTSIDE EXPERTS BEFORE THEY ARE RELEASED. HOWEVER, THE RESEARCH AND VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THESE PAPERS ARE THOSE OF THE INDIVIDUAL RESEARCHER(S), AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT THE VIEWS OF THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY. © 2012 BY THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY OF RICE UNIVERSITY THIS MATERIAL MAY BE QUOTED OR REPRODUCED WITHOUT PRIOR PERMISSION, PROVIDED APPROPRIATE CREDIT IS GIVEN TO THE AUTHOR AND THE JAMES A. BAKER III INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY. 2 Considering the Planks of U.S. International Cyber Policy Abstract How have U.S. policies on the governance of the Internet and cyberspace evolved between the 2005 World Summit of the Information Society (WSIS) in Tunisia and the massive, cyber-fueled uprisings in the Middle East of 2011? The paper develops a framework of possible actions regarding Internet or cyber governance to produce contexts for the timeline of significant policy statements by U.S. government officials and agencies on the topic. In the resulting narrative, Internet governance policy rises from a relatively marginal issue for the foreign policy establishment to a significant component of U.S. -
Benghazi.Pdf
! 1! The Benghazi Hoax By David Brock, Ari Rabin-Havt and Media Matters for America ! 2! The Hoaxsters Senator Kelly Ayotte, R-NH Eric Bolling, Host, Fox News Channel Ambassador John Bolton, Fox News Contributor, Foreign Policy Advisor Romney/Ryan 2012 Gretchen Carlson, Host, Fox News Channel Representative Jason Chaffetz, R-UT Lanhee Chen, Foreign Policy Advisor, Romney/Ryan 2012 Joseph diGenova, Attorney Steve Doocy, Host, Fox News Channel Senator Lindsay Graham, R-SC Sean Hannity, Host, Fox News Channel Representative Darrell Issa, R-CA, Chairman, House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform Brian Kilmeade, Host, Fox News Channel Senator John McCain, R-AZ Mitt Romney, Former Governor of Massachusetts, 2012 Republican Presidential Nominee Stuart Stevens, Senior Advisor, Romney/Ryan 2012 Victoria Toensing, Attorney Ambassador Richard Williamson, Foreign Policy Advisor, Romney/Ryan 2012 ! 3! Introduction: Romney’s Dilemma Mitt Romney woke up on the morning of September 11, 2012, with big hopes for this day – that he’d stop the slow slide of his campaign for the presidency. The political conventions were in his rear-view mirror, and the Republican nominee for the White House was trailing President Obama in most major polls. In an ABC News/Washington Post poll released at the start of the week, the former Massachusetts governor’s previous 1-point lead had flipped to a 6-point deficit.1 “Mr. Obama almost certainly had the more successful convention than Mr. Romney,” wrote Nate Silver, the polling guru and then-New York Times blogger.2 While the incumbent’s gathering in Charlotte was marked by party unity and rousing testimonials from Obama’s wife, Michelle, and former President Bill Clinton, Romney’s confab in Tampa had fallen flat. -
Libya's Bold Past, Promising Future
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE SEPTEMBER 2010 MAGAZINE Libya’s Bold Past, Promising Future September 2010 Contents Issue Number 548 14 Picturing Democracy IIP engages youth in a global conversation. 16 Amazing Race Rural journey teaches FSOs Slovenian. 18 Cup Runneth Over Embassy uses competition to build South African ties. 20 Consular Transparency Consulate General reaches out to Vietnamese. 16 18 20 36 46 22 Gem of Tangier Historic facility still serves U.S. diplomacy. Columns 24 Seeking Stability in Somalia 2 From the D.G. 46 After Hours Unit works for peace in Somalia. 3 Letters 48 State of the Arts 26 Post of the Month: Tripoli 4 In the News 49 Obituaries Libya’s ‘Bride of the Mediterranean’. 13 Diversity Notes 51 Retirements 32 Challenges Aplenty 44 Safety Scene 52 The Last Word Consular section fights fraud in Sri Lanka. 34 Virtual Bridges Program connects U.S., Chinese students. 36 Keeping Watch On the Cover INR Office keeps Department in the know. The entry gate to the ancient Roman city 40 FLO Initiative of Leptis Magna is an hour and a half GEI addresses family member career needs. (and a few millennia) from Tripoli. Photo by David Bradfield 42 Staying Put HR reports job-attrition decline. Direct from the D.G. Helping Department Employees with Disabilities Succeed Last October, President Barack Obama announced his goal of ensuring fair and equal access to employment for all Americans, particularly the 54 million Americans living with disabilities. In order to provide disabled State Department employees with access to the support and services they need to succeed, we have created in HR’s Office of Employee Relations a new division that provides one-stop services and assistive technologies to those employees —the Disability/Reasonable Accommodation Division. -
Wikileaks Ante El Derecho Estadounidense: ¿Delincuencia Informática, Espionaje O Ejercicio Legítimo De La Libertad De Expresión Y De Prensa?
WIKILEAKS ANTE EL DERECHO ESTADOUNIDENSE: ¿DELINCUENCIA INFORMÁTICA, ESPIONAJE O EJERCICIO LEGÍTIMO DE LA LIBERTAD DE EXPRESIÓN Y DE PRENSA? Memoria de prueba para optar al grado de Licenciado en Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales FELIPE GONZALO CAMPOS ARLEGUI Profesor Guía Dr. Salvador Andrés Millaleo Hernández Santiago de Chile 2014 2 3 4 A mi familia, pero por sobretodo y por siempre a mi madre. 5 6 TABLA DE CONTENIDOS DEDICATORIA…………………………………………………………………………………….Página 5 TABLA DE CONTENIDOS………………………………………………………………………………...7 INTRODUCCIÓN………………………………….………………………………………………...........12 CAPÍTULO I………………………………………………………………………………………………..15 ¿QUÉ ES UN SITIO WIKI ? ¿QUÉ ES EL LEAKING ? ¿QUIÉN ES EL FUNDADOR Y LOS PRINCIPALES COLABORADORES DE WIKILEAKS ? ¿CUÁL ES SU BASE TECNOLÓGICA? ¿CUÁLES SON SUS PRIMERAS FILTRACIONES? I.1. ¿QUÉ ES UN SITIO WIKI ?..........................................................................................................15 I.1.1. Los primeros Wiki………...…… ……………………….. ……………………………………….15 I.1.1.1. WikiWikiWeb …………………………………………………………………………………..15 I.1.1.2. Wikipedia ……………………………………………………………………………………...16 I.1.2. ¿Cuáles son los elementos esenciales de un Wiki ?.......................................................17 I.1.2.1. Autoría colectiva……………………………………………………………………………...17 I.1.2.2. Limitado uso del HTML y uso de una estructura hipertextual…………………………...17 I.1.2.3. Flexibilidad………………………………………………………………………………….....18 I.1.2.4. Están libres de ego, libres de tiempo y nunca acabados………………………………..18 I.1.3. ¿Qué otro elemento diferenciador -
Partners for a New Beginning Status Report | January 2013 Table of Contents
PARTNERS FOR A NEW BEGINNING STATUS REPORT | JANUARY 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS A Letter from the Chairs 2 Looking Ahead to 2013 4 Projects & Local Chapter Overviews 6 Algeria 6 Egypt 8 Indonesia 10 Jordan 12 Mauritania 15 Morocco 16 Pakistan 18 Palestinian Territory 22 Tunisia 27 Turkey 29 Maghreb 32 Global 34 What We’re Doing 36 2012 Convenings and Partner Events 36 2012 Delegations 42 Upcoming in 2013 43 PNB Leadership 44 PNB Steering Committee 44 PNB-NAPEO Advisory Board 44 PNB Secretariat: Roles and Responsibilities 45 PNB Timeline(2010–2012) 46 PNB Statement of Commitment, Clinton Global Initiative, September 2010 47 PARTNERS FOR A NEW BEGINNING STATUS REPORT | JANUARY 2013 As Partners for a New Beginning (PNB) concludes its second year, we would like to take a moment to reflect on our collaborative work and take stock of our achievements. Our goal is to capitalize upon the momentum and success of this past year, to secure tangible results as we continue moving forward. A LETTER PNB can look proudly on the accomplishments of the last 12 months. They have contributed significantly to our mission. Our launch last year of local chapters in Jordan and Mauritania FROM THE CHAIRS attests to the sustained efforts of our partners abroad, the invaluable leadership of our Steering Committee, the instrumental support from the PNB Secretariat, and our partnership with the U.S. Department of State, codified recently in a renewed Memorandum of Understanding. With the help of its partners, PNB has launched, expanded, or pledged support for more than 180 projects since the partnership began in September 2010. -
Libya: Background and U.S
Libya: Background and U.S. Relations Christopher M. Blanchard Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs August 3, 2009 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33142 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Libya: Background and U.S. Relations Summary Libyan-U.S. rapprochement has unfolded gradually since 2003, when the Libyan government accepted responsibility for the actions of its personnel in regard to the 1988 bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 and announced its decision to eliminate its weapons of mass destruction and long- range missile programs. In response, U.S. sanctions were gradually removed, and, on May 15, 2006, the Bush Administration announced its intention to restore full diplomatic relations with Libya and to rescind Libya’s listing as a state sponsor of terrorism. Full diplomatic relations were restored on May 31, 2006 when the United States upgraded its Liaison Office in Tripoli to an Embassy. Libya was removed from the lists of state sponsors of terrorism and states not fully cooperating with U.S. counterterrorism efforts in June 2006. Until late 2008, U.S.-Libyan re-engagement was hindered by lingering disagreements over outstanding legal claims related to U.S. citizens killed or injured in past Libyan-sponsored or supported terrorist attacks. From 2004 onward, Bush Administration officials argued that broader normalization of U.S.-Libyan relations would provide opportunities for the United States to address specific issues of concern to Congress, including the outstanding legal claims, political and economic reform, the development of Libyan energy resources, and human rights. However, some Members of Congress took steps to limit U.S.-Libyan re-engagement as a means of encouraging the Libyan government to settle outstanding terrorism cases in good faith prior to further normalization. -
West Windsor &Plainsboro
WW-P’S FREE COMMUNITY NEWSPAPER WWPINFO.COM WEST WINDSOR Letters: WW-P Schools Need Property Management 2 & PLAINSBORO WW Approves Maneely Rezoning 12 ‘Two Buck Chuck’ Coming to Trader Joe’s 13 Sexual Harassment Suit In Plainsboro 16 New Swim Coach For North 18 Police Reports 33 Classifieds 35 NEWS ISSUE DATE: DECEMBER 4, 2009 NEXT ISSUE:DECEMBER 18 HS South Students Protest People In The News WW-P Privatization Study by Cara Latham building and grounds department,” For These Teens, said Gerri Hutner, the district’s di- Reality Is Real – he controversy over the pos- rector of communications. “They sible privatization of the informed the administrators they Not Virtual TWest Windsor-Plainsboro were going to do this. They were school district’s maintenance and allowed to voice their emotions by Cara Latham custodial staff has created a new and concerns and opinions on this group of concerned citizens — the topic during this time.” om Roder was watching district’s high school students. television one day when he As part of the curriculum for A group of nearly 100 students language arts, there is a unit on civ- Tsaw someone he knew in a at High School South organized a recruitment advertisement for the il disobedience, in which students walk-out during the lunch period have discussions on various topics, Plainsboro Rescue Squad. on December 2 Two months later, he was in the including so- in protest of the cial contracts, back of an ambulance, reviving a Board of Educa- woman who was suffering from a ‘They informed the ad- cheating, and tion’s decision ministrators they were honor codes, heart attack. -
Military Intervention and Diplomatic Engagement in Libya: a Collage of Policy, Force, and Law
American University Washington College of Law Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law Contributions to Books Scholarship & Research 2014 Military Intervention and Diplomatic Engagement in Libya: A Collage of Policy, Force, and Law Paul Williams American University Washington College of Law, [email protected] Anna Triponel Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/facsch_bk_contributions Part of the International Law Commons, and the Military, War, and Peace Commons Recommended Citation Williams, Paul and Triponel, Anna, "Military Intervention and Diplomatic Engagement in Libya: A Collage of Policy, Force, and Law" (2014). Contributions to Books. 193. https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/facsch_bk_contributions/193 This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Scholarship & Research at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Contributions to Books by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 CASE STUDY MILITARY INTERVENTION AND DIPLOMATIC ENGAGEMENT IN LIBYA: A COLLAGE OF POLICY, FORCE AND LAW By Anna F. Triponel and Paul R. Williams∗ Introduction In February of 2011, Colonel Muammar Qadhafi violently cracked down on Libyans protesting in Benghazi—Libya’s second largest city. By the end of February, an armed conflict between Qadhafi’s forces and opposition forces was well underway, with much of eastern Libya including Benghazi controlled by anti-Qadhafi forces. By Thursday, March 17, Qadhafi was preparing to retake the city of Benghazi, broadcasting that his forces would show “no mercy and no pity” to those who would not give up resistance. -
Arab Spring”: Predicting Likely Outcomes and Planning U.N
\\jciprod01\productn\C\CIN\46-1\CIN104.txt unknown Seq: 1 13-JUN-13 13:27 Wargaming the “Arab Spring”: Predicting Likely Outcomes and Planning U.N. Responses Hannibal Travis† Introduction ..................................................... 75 R I. The Cause of Peace ....................................... 77 R II. Wargaming the Arab Spring: General Principles .......... 86 R III. The Spark, Tunisia 2011 ................................. 88 R IV. The Pharaoh, Egypt 2011 ................................ 93 R V. The “Cockroaches,” Libya 2011 .......................... 101 R VI. The Sideshow: Sudan ..................................... 117 R VII. Wargaming the Arab Spring and Planning U.N. Responses ................................................ 119 R A. The Duty to Prevent and Punish Genocide ............. 119 R 1. Predicting Whether There is a Risk of Genocide in Arab-Spring Countries............................. 119 R 2. Planning U.N. Responses to Attempts or Conspiracies to Commit Genocide ................. 124 R B. The Duty to Prevent and Punish Other War Crimes .... 129 R C. The Duty Not to Return Refugees to Civil War or Ethno-Political Violence ............................... 131 R D. The Duty to Respect the Political Independence and Territorial Integrity of Other States .................... 133 R E. The Duty to Promote Other Human Rights ............. 140 R Conclusion ...................................................... 142 R Introduction Scholars have developed three prominent schools of thought on the Arab Spring, which emerged -
1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR CHARLES O. CECIL Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: September 7, 2006 Copyright 2010 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in entucky into a military family and raised in various states and Germany University of California, Berkeley Experiment in International Living, Nigeria School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS, US Air Force Entered the Foreign Service in 19.. uwait 0 1otation Officer 19..219.8 Shia community Contacts Commercial reporting Palestinians Ambassador Howard Cottam Arab2Israel Six Day 5ar 1elations Arab Nationalist 6ovement British influence Elections for Assembly uwaiti women April Glaspie 7ounger uwaitis Ira8 political developments 9ohn Conlon 6arriage uwait alcohol policy State Department0 FSI0 Swahili and French language training 19.8219.9 Dar es Salaam, :anzibar (Tanzania,0 Political Officer 19.921971 Embassy Officers Communist Chinese British legacy 1 Government Arab population 1evolutionary Council Abeid Amani arume USAID projects 6edia Local suspicious of US 9ulius Nyerere Social relations 1elations 6edical facilities Environment Housing and food Beirut, Lebanon0 FSI0 Arabic Language Training 197121973 Housing Birth of son Course of study 6iddle East Orientation trips Palestinians 9eddah, Saudi Arabia0 Political/6ilitary Officer 197321975 Interest in Arab 5orld 1iyadh visits US 6ilitary Training Programs Ambassador 9ames Akins Saudi National Guard Saudi 6ilitary organization Social -
DEPARTMENT of STATE 2201 C Street NW., Washington, DC 20520 Phone, 202–647–4000
DEPARTMENT OF STATE 2201 C Street NW., Washington, DC 20520 Phone, 202–647–4000. Internet, www.state.gov. SECRETARY OF STATE HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON DEPUTY SECRETARY OF STATE JAMES B. STEINBERG Deputy Secretary of State for Management and JACOB J. LEW Resources Ambassador-at-Large and Coordinator for (VACANCY) Counterterrorism U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator MARK DYBUL Assistant Secretary for Intelligence and (VACANCY) Research Assistant Secretary for Legislative Affairs RICHARD R. VERMA Chairman, Foreign Service Grievance Board IRA F. JAFFE Chief of Protocol (VACANCY) Counselor and Chief of Staff CHERYL MILLS Civil Service Ombudsman (VACANCY) Counselor of the Department of State CHERYL MILLS Director of the Office of Civil Rights JOHN M. ROBINSON Director, Policy Planning Staff ANNE-MARIE SLAUGHTER Inspector General HAROLD W. GEISEL, Acting Legal Adviser HAROLD KOH Special Assistant to the Secretary and Executive DANIEL B. SMITH Secretary of the Department Under Secretary for Arms Control and ROSE GOTTEMOELLER, Acting International Security Affairs Assistant Secretary for International Security C.S. ELIOT KANG, Acting and Nonproliferation Assistant Secretary for Political-Military Affairs FRANK J. RUGGIERO, Acting Assistant Secretary for Verification, ROSE GOTTEMOELLER Compliance, and Implementation Under Secretary for Economic, Energy, and (VACANCY) Agricultural Affairs Assistant Secretary for Economic, Energy, and DAVID NELSON, Acting Business Affairs Under Secretary for Democracy and Global (VACANCY) Affairs Assistant Secretary for Democracy, Human KAREN B. STEWART, Acting Rights, and Labor Assistant Secretary for Oceans and RENO L. HARNISH III, Acting International Environmental and Scientific Affairs Assistant Secretary for Population, Refugees, SAMUEL M. WITTEN, Acting and Migration Under Secretary for Management PATRICK F. KENNEDY Assistant Secretary for Administration STEVEN J. -
Libya: Background and U.S. Relations
Order Code RL33142 Libya: Background and U.S. Relations Updated July 30, 2007 Christopher M. Blanchard Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Libya: Background and U.S. Relations Summary On May 15, 2006, the Bush Administration announced its intention to restore full diplomatic relations with Libya and to rescind Libya’s listing as a state sponsor of terrorism and a country not fully cooperating with U.S. counterterrorism efforts. Presidential Determination No. 2006-14 certified that the government of Libya had not provided any support for international terrorism during the preceding six months and had provided assurances that it would not support acts of international terrorism in the future. Full diplomatic relations were restored on May 31 when the United States upgraded its Liaison Office in Tripoli to an Embassy. A 45-day congressional notification period ended on June 29, and the Secretary of State removed Libya’s listings and ended the associated trade restrictions on June 30, without immediate public announcement. President Bush nominated a career diplomat, Gene Cretz, for the U.S. ambassadorship to Libya on July 11, 2007. The changes mark the culmination of an initial period of improvement and rapprochement in U.S.-Libyan relations that began in December 2003, when the Libyan government announced its decision to eliminate its weapons of mass destruction and long-range missile programs. Administration officials have stated that normalization of U.S.-Libyan relations will provide opportunities for the United States to address specific issues of potential concern to Congress such as political and economic reform, the development of energy resources, and human rights.