DOCSLIB.ORG

APP203644 Staff Assessment Report.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
APP203644 Staff Assessment Report.Pdf EPA advice for application APP203644 Staff Assessment Report September 2018 APP203644: To determine the new organism status of Spondias dulcis Purpose To determine if Spondias dulcis is a new organism under section 26 of the HSNO Act Application number APP203644 Application type Statutory determination Applicant Ministry for Primary Industries Date formally received 3 July 2018 1 Executive Summary and Recommendation Application APP203644, submitted by the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI), seeks a determination on the new organism status of Spondias dulcis. After reviewing all of the available information and completing a literature search concerning the organism, EPA staff recommend that Spondias dulcis is not a new organism for the purpose of the HSNO Act based on evidence that this organism has been present in New Zealand since immediately before 29 July 1998 when the HSNO Act came into effect. 2 EPA advice for application APP203644 Table of Contents Introduction and background ……………………………………………………………4 Organism description…………………………………………………………………………4 Review of information………………………………………………………………………..6 Recommendation…………………………………………………………………………….....7 References…………………………………………………………………………………….....11 Appendix 1: Decision pathway……..…………………………………………………..12 3 Introduction and background On 8 June 2018, the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) applied to the EPA under section 26 of the HSNO Act seeking a determination on the new organism status of Spondias dulcis. MPI is seeking a determination for S. dulcis as this organism is currently the subject of an Import Health Standard (IHS) being developed to enable the importation of this species and to facilitate trade from the Pacific Islands. The EPA requested comment on the application from the Department of Conservation (DOC) and the Plant Imports team of MPI. DOC did not have any comments to make on this application. The applicant considers this species is not a new organism and to support this claim, the applicant provided evidence to demonstrate that this organism was present in New Zealand since at least 1995. Section 2A(1) of the HSNO Act prescribes that a new organism is, in part, an organism belonging to a species that was not present in New Zealand immediately before 29 July 1998. Organism description Spondias dulcis is more commonly known as the golden apple or ambarella and is an equatorial, tropical tree with edible fruit containing a fibrous pit. Due to its wide geographic range across tropical regions, it is known by numerous other names as shown in Table 1 below. Table 1: Common global names of Spondias dulcis. Common names of Spondias Country(ies) Region dulcis Ambarella Sri Lanka Asia June plum Bermuda and Jamaica Caribbean Buah long long Singapore Asia Pomme cythere Trinidad and Tobago, Caribbean and South America Guadeloupe, Saint Lucia and Martinique and Suriname Juplon Costa Rica Central America Mangotin Panama Central America Golden plum Belize Central America Kedondong Indonesia Asia Cas mango Cameroon Africa 4 EPA advice for application APP203644 Jobo indio Venezuela South America Caja-manga and cajarana Brazil and Sao Tome and South America and Central Principe Africa Qua coc Vietnam Asia Amra Bangladesh Asia Manzana de oro Dominican Republic Caribbean Polynesian vi apple, tevi, uli, uuli Papua New Guinea, Solomon Polynesia / Melanesia auki, vi, vi-apple, naus, vi Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Cook kavakava Islands, Fiji, Samoa Spondias dulcis is native to Melanesia through Polynesia and is abundant in tropical regions where it has successfully colonised, adapted and propagated in the environment (Islam et al. 2013). Introduced to Jamaica in 1782, this species is now cultivated in Panama, Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago and the northern state of Sucre in Venezuela (Mohammed, et al. 2017). This species is also grown in South Florida, USA and in Somalia where it was most likely introduced during the colonial era preceding 1960 (Boning, 2006). This species is a fast growing deciduous tree capable of reaching 20m in height in its native range, however, on average this species reaches 10-12m in other areas. There is also a dwarf type of S. dulcis found in Tahiti, Hawaii and Cook Islands which reaches a height of 1.5 to 3m. The subhumid and frost-free tropics are the preferred climate for S. dulcis where it can grow up to 700m above sea level. Due to the tropical preference, S. dulcis grows best in sunny and warm environments where annual daytime temperatures are within the range of 22 – 27 °C but can tolerate 12 – 35 °C. In a state of dormancy, this plant can also tolerate temperatures as low as -3 °C. For ideal growing conditions, it prefers environments where the mean annual rainfall is 900 – 1800mm but can tolerate 600 – 2,200mm (Plants for a Future). Spondias dulcis thrives across multiple island countries in Polynesia and Melanesia. Spondias dulcis does not require fertile soils to survive although poor soil quality or shallow land is unsuitable. Adult plants prefer a pH range of 5.5 – 6.5 (Plants for a Future) but can tolerate a soil range of 4.5 - 8. Flowering begins usually as early as July and continues to December with fruits reaching maturity between November and the following July. Plants are capable of bearing fruit only four years from seed or 2-3 years from cuttings (Martin et al. 1987) and can continue producing seeds for up to 40 years1. In environments where there is no 1 Report on the Application for Market Access of Polynesian Plum (Spondias dulcis) from Fiji, Vanuatu, Samoa, Cook Islands and Tonga to New Zealand - http://www.fao.org/3/a-an435e.pdf 5 prolonged dry season, S. dulcis is capable of flowering and developing fruit continuously throughout the year (Subhadrabandhu, 2001). Spondias dulcis has deciduous, pinnate leaves, 20-60cm in length, composed of 9 to 25 glossy, elliptic or obovate-oblong leaflets 9-10cm long. The tree produces inconspicuous white flowers in terminal panicles. Its ellipsoid to ovoid drupe fruits are 4-12cm long and generally 3- 8cm in diameter (Persad, 1991; Daulmerie, 1994; Fournet, 2002). Fruits are borne in bunches of 12 of more on a long stalk and individual fruit can weigh up to 500g although the average is 200g (Mohammed, et al. 2017). Over a period of several weeks, the fruit fall to the ground while still green and hard, then turn golden-yellow and develop greyish-brown freckles during ripening (Chin and Yong, 1980). The fruits at the mature-green, semi-ripe and ripe stages of maturity are utilised in the fresh and processed states and are a major export fruit for many Caribbean islands. Spondias dulcis is an exotic fruit which imparts a distinct Caribbean flavour when utilised in cuisine and beverages (Massiot et al. 1991). Internationally, it is cultivated and used for a variety of purposes such as jam in Fiji (Geurts et al. 1986), as a pre-meal snack in Vietnam, a sweetened drink in Jamaica, a remedy for diarrhoea in Cambodia (Morton, 1987) and for cooking the fruit into a preserve for sauce flavouring in soups and stews. Unripe fruit are also eaten in curries or green salads (Daulmerie, 1994). It is currently exported to the United States and Europe either at the mature-green stage for use as a fresh fruit or as processed products such as chutneys, jams, jellies and wines (Marte et al. 1992). Review of information The applicant provided evidence supporting S. dulcis being present in New Zealand currently and a record of its existence in New Zealand immediately before 29 July, 1998. The applicant provided pictures of S. dulcis from the Auckland Domain Wintergardens in Parnell, Auckland that show a positive identification of a live, adult dwarf specimen of S. dulcis with a height of 2.2m in the back section of a nursery. Auckland Domain Wintergardens advised the applicant that a voucher sample was taken from this specimen in 1995 and the same individual plant is still alive. To consolidate this statement, MPI requested DNA testing of a sample from this specimen to be completed by EcoGene (see results in section ‘Results of DNA test sample’). The results of the DNA testing verify that the specimen currently at the Auckland Domain Wintergardens is Spondias dulcis. This demonstrates that this Spondias dulcis is currently in New Zealand and given that records show this particular specimen being in the Auckland Domain Wintergardens nursery since at least 1995, it has been present in New Zealand prior to 29 July 1998 and has been continuously present since. Auckland Domain Wintergardens is unable to provide any information on how the plant arrived in New Zealand. The applicant provided no further information on this species from within New Zealand in any time period and subsequent literature searches were unsuccessful in finding additional 6 EPA advice for application APP203644 supporting information from New Zealand. EPA staff believe the evidence provided by the applicant is the sole piece of evidence to support this organism being considered as not a new organism under the HSNO Act. The HSNO Act does not specify the number of organisms, population sizes or whether or not an organism has self-sustaining populations in New Zealand to make a determination on its status in New Zealand. Spondias dulcis is a tropical plant which grows under specific conditions that can only be created in a glasshouse such as at Auckland’s Domain Wintergardens. The Wintergardens are not operating as a containment facility and therefore, this plant is growing in the New Zealand environment. Conclusion After completing our assessment of the information that was submitted by the applicant, we consider that Spondias dulcis was present in New Zealand and has been present for a significant period of time (i.e. immediately before 29 July 1998) based on the evidence presented by the applicant and has been present since this date.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Morphological Characterization of Fruits, Endocarp, Seed and Seedlingslicense of Cajá-Manga Creative Commons (Spondias Dulcis) 239
    This is an open access article under the CC BY Morphological characterization of fruits, endocarp, seed and seedlingslicense of cajá-manga Creative Commons (Spondias dulcis) 239 Morphological characterization of fruits, endocarp, seed and seedlings of cajá-manga (Spondias dulcis)1 Pedro Henrique Magalhães de Souza², Francielly Rodrigues Gomes²* , Givanildo Zildo da Silva², Diego Ismael Rocha², Simério Carlos Silva Cruz², Danielle Fabíola Pereira da Silva² 10.1590/0034-737X202168030010 ABSTRACT The Cerrado biome has several species that can generate income, and the cajá-manga is one of these native species with great potential but with scarce information about its morphological characterization. Thus, this work aimed to characterize the fruit, endocarp, seeds, and seedlings of cajá-manga morphologically. The fruits were evaluated by the characteristics of the length, width, and diameter of the fruit, endocarp, and seeds, the number of loculi, and the weight of fruits and endocarp. The plantlets were evaluated for the number of seedlings per endocarp, number of leaflets, number of leaflets of the 3rd and 4th leaves, stem diameter, length of the shoot and root, root and shoot dry matter and data analyzed by descriptive analysis. The morphometric characteristics of the fruits, endocarp, and seeds were analyzed using the Scott-Knott test. The morphological characteristics of the fruits, the endocarps, the seeds, and the plantlets of cajá-manga varied within the mother plants. These results can be used as a basis for future selection of plants with desirable characteristics on breeding programs. Keywords: fruit production; germination; genetic variability. INTRODUCTION Indo-Malaysia region of Tahiti, and it can be found in Asia, Brazil has a diversity of plant species through its con- Australia, Central and South America, the Caribbean, and tinental extension and geographical location and a great parts of Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Second Report on the State of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in Guyana
    SECOND REPORT ON THE STATE OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE IN GUYANA Compiled and Documented by Cleveland R PAUL Dept Plant Biotechnology and Genetic Resources National Agricultural Research and Extension Institute Mon Repos, EC Demerara, E-mail: [email protected] SUBMITTED TO FAO COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE May 2012 Reviewers Versions of this report were reviewed for technical content by the following specialists: NAME ORGANIZATION Herman Adams Coordinator, CAPGERNET and Plant Breeder, CARDI Trinidad and Tobago, St Augustine Campus Trinidad Patrick Chesney Chief Technical Advisor Guiana Shield Facility United Nations Development Programme 42 Brickdam and United Nations Place Stabroek, Georgetown GUYANA Anton Dey Bio-fuels Agronomist Wageningen Sugarcane for Ethanol Project State Oil Company (Staatsolie NV), Suriname Stefano Diulgheroff Plant Production and Protection Division Officer, FAO Rome, Italy Brenda J Forde Formerly, Head Dept Agronomy National Agricultural Research and Extension Institute Mon Repos Guyana Oudhu Homenauth Chief Executive Officer National Agricultural Research and Extension Institute Mon Repos Guyana Cyril Hunte Assistant Professor and Director of Graduate Studies Department of Economics Howard University Washington, DC 20059 Theodore Kisha Plant Geneticist/Lab Manager USDA-ARS, WRPIS Washington State University Pullman, WA 99164 Theodosius Velloza Deputy Registrar University of Guyana Turkeyen, Greater Georgetown Guyana i Preface The National Information Sharing Mechanism is a network of Guyanese institutions involved in the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA). One strategic objective is to document in a systematic way, information on activities related to the implementation of the 20 priority areas of the Global Plan of Action (GPA) for the conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA.
    [Show full text]
  • WRA Species Report
    Family: Anacardiaceae Taxon: Spondias purpurea 'Wild Type' Synonym: Spondias cirouella Tussac Common Name: Hog plum Purple mombin Red mombin Spanish plum Jocote Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: EVALUATE Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 5 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic
    [Show full text]
  • West Indian Fruit Fly, Anastrepha Obliqua, Host List the Berries, Fruit, Nuts and Vegetables of the Listed Plant Species Are Now Considered Host Articles for A
    September 2016 West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua, Host List The berries, fruit, nuts and vegetables of the listed plant species are now considered host articles for A. obliqua. Unless proven otherwise, all cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of the plant species listed herein are considered suitable hosts of A. obliqua. Scientific Name Common Name Alchornea latifolia Sw. Gargantilla Ampelocera hottlei (Standl.) Standl. N/A Anacardium occidentale L. Cashew1 Annona hayesii Saff. ex Standl. N/A Averrhoa carambola L. Carambola Bellucia grossularioides (L.) Triana N/A Brosimum alicastrum Sw. Breadnut Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg. Sete-capas Campomanesia sessiflora (O Berg.) Mattos Guavira Campomanesia spp. N/A Chrysobalanus icaco L. Coco-plum Coffea arabica L. Arabian coffee Couma guianensis Aubl. N/A Crataegus spp. N/A Diospyros digyna Jacq. Black persimmon Diopsyros spp. N/A Dovyalis hebecarpa (Gardner) Warb. Ceylon gooseberry Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Loquat Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. Brazil cherry Eugenia dysinterica DC. Cagaita Eugenia lambertiana DC. N/A Eugenia nesiotica Standl. N/A Eugenia pyriformis Cambess. Uvalha Eugenia stipitata McVaugh Araca-boi Eugenia uniflora L. Brazil cherry Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Governor's plum Geissospermum argenteum Woodson N/A Inga jinicuil G. Don N/A Inga micheliana Harms N/A Inga spp. N/A Malpighia emarginata DC. Barbados cherry Malpighia glabra L. Acerola Malpighia spp. N/A Mangifera indica L. Mango Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen Sapote Mouriri spp. N/A Myrcia eximia DC. N/A Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh Camu-camu Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg N/A Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel Jabuticaba Passiflora edulis Sims Passionflower Passiflora quadrangularis L.
    [Show full text]
  • Fermentation of Ambarella (SPONDIAS DULCIS) Wine
    International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 2 (2018) pp. 1324-1327 © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com Fermentation of Ambarella (SPONDIAS DULCIS) Wine 1Minh N. P.* and 2Oanh T. T. K. 1Faculty of Food Technology - Biotech, Dong A University, Da Nang City, Vietnam. 2Soc Trang Community College, Vietnam. *Corresponding author Abstract fermentation, effect of bentonite and isinglass as coagulant. Ambarella (Spondias dulcis) is an equatorial or tropical tree, one of the newer fruits on the ever expanding list of exotics MATERIAL & METHOD quickly gaining in popularity. The ripen fruit is also much sweeter than the less mature green fruit. The fruit is quite nice Material eaten fresh. The fruit is considered to be a good source of We collected ambarella fruits in Central of Vietnam. They vitamin C and it is suggested that is has some value in aiding must be cultivated following VietGAP to ensure food safety. diabetes, heart ailment and urinary troubles. In order to After harvesting, they must be conveyed to laboratory within accelerate the added value of this valuable fruit, we 8 hours for experiments. Beside ambarella fruits, we also used investigated the wine fermentation from ripen ambarella. Substrate concentration, pH, and soluble dry matter content in other materials during the research such as citric acid, ambarella juice were an important parameters strongly ascorbic acid, NaOH, HCl, KMNO4, K2Cr2O7, KI, Na2S2O3, NaHSO , starch, sacharose, affecting to wine fermentation. We used bentonite and 3 Saccaromyces cerevisiase, bentonite, isinglass Lab utensils and equipments included isinglass as coagulant supporting for the clarification.
    [Show full text]
  • National Exotic Fruit Fly Detection Trapping Guidelines Some Processes, Equipment, and Materials Described in This Manual May Be Patented
    National Exotic Fruit Fly Detection Trapping Guidelines Some processes, equipment, and materials described in this manual may be patented. Inclusion in this manual does not constitute permission for use from the patent owner. The use of any patented invention in the performance of the processes described in this manual is solely the responsibility of the user. APHIS does not indemnify the user against liability for patent infringement and will not be liable to the user or to any third party for patent infringement. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of any individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs). Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. When using pesticides, read and follow all label instructions. First Edition Issued 2015 Contents Exotic Fruit
    [Show full text]
  • Spondias Dulcis 1 Spondias Dulcis
    Spondias dulcis 1 Spondias dulcis Spondias dulcis Spondia dulcis Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): Eudicots (unranked): Rosids Order: Sapindales Family: Anacardiaceae Genus: Spondias Species: S. dulcis Binomial name Spondias dulcis L. Spondias dulcis, ambarella, (and its alternative binomial, Spondias cytherea, Malay apple), or golden apple, is an equatorial or tropical tree, with edible fruit containing a fibrous pit. It is known by many names in various regions, including pomme cythere in Trinidad and Tobago,[1] June plum in Bermuda and Jamaica,[1] juplon in Costa Rica, jobo indio in Venezuela, caja-manga in Brazil, and quả cóc in Vietnam. Kedondong in Indonesia Description Spondias dulcis fruit This fast-growing tree can reach up to 60 ft (18 m) in its native homeland of Melanesia through Polynesia; however, it usually averages 30 to 40 ft (9–12 m) in other areas. Spondias dulcis has deciduous, pinnate leaves, 8 to 24 in (20-60 cm) in length, composed of 9 to 25 glossy, elliptic or obovate-oblong leaflets 2.5 to 4.0 in (6.25-10 cm) long, finely toothed toward the apex.[2] The tree produces small, inconspicuous white flowers in terminal panicles, assorted male, female. Its oval fruits, 2.5 to 3.5 in (6.25–9 cm) long, are long-stalked and are produced in bunches of 12 or more. Over several weeks, the fruit fall to the ground while still green and hard, turning golden-yellow as they ripen. According to Morton (1987), “some fruits in the South Sea Islands weigh over 1 lb (0.45 kg) each”.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pacific Islands: a Natural Treasurhouse of Bioresources and Island Biotechnology - Edgar J
    BIOTECHNOLOGY – Vol .XIV – The Pacific Islands: A Natural Treasurhouse of Bioresources and Island Biotechnology - Edgar J. DaSilva, Murukesan V. Krishnapillai THE PACIFIC ISLANDS: A NATURAL TREASURHOUSE OF BIORESOURCES AND ISLAND BIOTECHNOLOGY Edgar J. DaSilva Member, Island Council for Development (INSULA), Paris, France Murukesan V. Krishnapillai Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Micronesia-FSM, Federated States of Micronesia Keywords: Biotech resource bank, biotrade initiative, medicinal plants, IPRS, women and traditional intellectual property knowledge Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Pacific Region and Medicinal Plants 3. Aboriginal and Maori Medicine 4. Pacific Island Medicinal Plants and Intellectual Property Rights 5. Safety 6. Biodiversity trade in the contemporary Pacific 7. Trade Considerations – Green Pharmaceuticals 8. Gender 9. Kava and Nonu 10. Conclusion Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary Traditional medicines, the mainstay of medical treatment for virtually all minor ailments in many developing countries, have been tapped for the production of new therapeutics in the sustenance of human health and well-being (see also – Bio-Cultural Diversity and Medicine). Vulnerable to the vicissitudes of globalization issues such as intellectual property rights, trade and gender are of relevance in the Pacific region that is a source of some unique traditional healing systems. 1. Introduction The calming remedy and the therapeutic serenity in a world of socio-cultural development in the Pacific region, and more particularly the South Pacific region, has been captured in the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel Tales of the South Pacific by James Michener, and in the cinematic musical South Pacific by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein Jr. This region of geographical and political significance, whose strategic location has been described as the Pacific Rim or the Pacific Arc, is spread wide across some 165.384 million km2 of the Pacific Ocean that is home to about 30,000 islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Provisional List of Host Plants of Guava Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Correcta
    Animal and Plant Health Inspection Provisional List of Host Service Plants of Guava Fruit Fly, Plant Protection and Quarantine Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) July 15, 2014 (Diptera: Tephritidae) Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine 1730 Varsity Drive, Ste. 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Executive Summary Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi), commonly known as guava fruit fly, is regulated through the Plant Protection Act of 2000 (7 U.S.C. 7701-7772) and relevant Parts of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). However, its host plants are not specifically listed under paragraphs (a), (b) or (c) of §301.32-2 Regulated articles. In accordance with §301.32-2(d), the fruit-bearing plant species summarized here together constitute the provisional list of federally regulated host plants of B. correcta until a more thorough host review is completed. Hosts plants included thus far in this provisional list have recorded natural field infestations. Unless proven otherwise, all cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of the listed plant species are considered suitable hosts of B. correcta. This document was developed as a component of the ongoing “Compendium of Fruit Fly Host Information” project. Bactrocera correcta: Provisional Host Plants RevOrig_15072014 i Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction..................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Fruit Trees and Useful Plants in Amazonian Life (2011)
    FAO TECHNICAL PAPERS NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS 1. Flavours and fragrances of plant origin (1995) 2. Gum naval stores: turpentine and rosin from pine resin (1995) 3. Report of the International Expert Consultation on Non-Wood Forest Products (1995) 4. Natural colourants and dyestuffs (1995) 5. Edible nuts (1995) 6. Gums, resins and latexes of plant origin (1995) 7. Non-wood forest products for rural income and sustainable forestry (1995) 8. Trade restrictions affecting international trade in non-wood forest products (1995) 9. Domestication and commercialization of non-timber forest products in agroforestry systems (1996) 10. Tropical palms (1998) 11. Medicinal plants for forest conservation and health care (1997) 12. Non-wood forest products from conifers (1998) 13. Resource assessment of non-wood forest products Experience and biometric principles (2001) 14. Rattan – Current research issues and prospects for conservation and sustainable development (2002) 15. Non-wood forest products from temperate broad-leaved trees (2002) 16. Rattan glossary and Compendium glossary with emphasis on Africa (2004) 17. Wild edible fungi – A global overview of their use and importance to people (2004) 18. World bamboo resources – A thematic study prepared in the framework of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 (2007) 19. Bees and their role in forest livelihoods – A guide to the services provided by bees and the sustainable harvesting, processing and marketing of their products (2009) 20. Fruit trees and useful plants in Amazonian life (2011) The
    [Show full text]
  • Your Edible South Florida Yard What to Grow and When
    Your Edible South Florida Yard What to grow and when Including names in Spanish Edible flowers African marigold / Flor de muerto Marigold / Caléndula / Maravilla Banana / Plátano Mint / Menta *Basil / Albahaca *Nasturtium / Capuchina *Borage / Borraja Okra / Quingombó Butterfly pea / Guisante de la mariposa *Pansy / Pensamiento Calendula / Caléndula *Petunia / Petunia Chives / Cebolletas Rose / Rosa *Dill / Eneldo / Abesón *, **Sage / Salvia de castilla Elderberry / Baya del saúco *Squash / Calabaza / Calabacín Gardenia / Gardenia *Thyme / Tomillo Garlic / Ajo **Yucca / Spanish bayonet / Espino / Bayoneta Hibiscus / Pabonas / Mar pacífico Plants listed without an asterisk (*) can be grown year-round * an annual, grown fall – spring ** salt-tolerant species can be planted near coastal areas. Herbs, flavorings, and spices Allspice / Pimienta de Jamaica / Pimienta Inglesa *Chervil / Perifollo / Carafolio (leaves used as a flavoring in cooking and berries Chives / Cebolletas / Ajo moruno used in baking) *Cilantro / Coriander / Coriandro *Basil / Albahaca / Albacar Cinnamon / Cinamomo / Canela (the bark is edible) Bay leaf / Común / Laurel (leaves used as a Cranberry hibiscus / Jamaican sorrel / Roselle / Flor flavoring) de Jamaica *Borage / Borraja Cuban oregano / Orégano de hoja ancha *Catnip / Hierba gatera Culantro / Recao (lives for 2 years, grow in shade) +Curry leaf / Hojas de curry *Parsley / Perejil *Dill / Eneldo / Abesón Pepperweed / Virginia pepperweed / peppergrass (a Epazote / Wormseed / Apazote common weed in Florida) *Fennel
    [Show full text]
  • Spondias Cytherea Sonnerat)
    Original article Physicochemical characterisation of the mature-green Golden apple (Spondias cytherea Sonnerat) Séverine FRANQUINa,b, Odile MARCELINb, Guylène AUROREc, Max REYNESa, Jean-Marc BRILLOUETa* a Centre de Coopération Physicochemical characterisation of the mature-green Golden apple Internationale en Recherche (Spondias cytherea Sonnerat). Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Abstract –– Introduction. Mature-green Golden apples (Spondias cytherea Sonnerat) are used Département FLHOR, TA 50/16, in the French West Indies for the preparation of a nectar. With the aim of improving the fruit 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, processing conditions for a better quality of this beverage, morphological and compositional France characteristics of the mature-green fruits were determined. Materials and methods. Mature- [email protected] green fruits were harvested in Martinique (French West Indies) and characterised: diameter, length, mass, and colour were determined; pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, sugars, proteins, b Groupe A.H. Despointes, starch, fibre, vitamin C, phenols and green pigments were measured. Results and discussion. Usine Denel, 97132 Gros Average fruit length, diameter and weight were 71 mm, 54 mm and 116.4 g, respectively. With Morne, France a low pH (2.6) and a high titratable acidity (1.3 g citric acid Eq·100 g–1 fresh material), mature- c green Golden apple is an acidic fruit comparable to the lemon. The fruit is rich in vitamin C Université des Antilles- (52.0 mg·100 g–1), phenols (349.5 mg gallic acid Eq·100 g–1) and starch (7.1 g·100 g–1). The pale Guyane, Institut Universitaire green colour of the pulp is due to pheophytins a and b.
    [Show full text]