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De Eerste En Tweede Syrische Oorlog KU LEUVEN FACULTEIT LETTEREN BLIJDE INKOMSTSTRAAT 21 BUS 3301 3000 LEUVEN, BELGIË De Eerste en Tweede Syrische Oorlog De vorming van de diadochenrijken Nicolaas Verhelst Masterproef aangeboden binnen de opleiding master in de Oude Geschiedenis Promotor: prof. dr. Stefan Schorn Academiejaar 2019-2020 376738 tekens KU LEUVEN FACULTEIT LETTEREN BLIJDE INKOMSTSTRAAT 21 BUS 3301 3000 LEUVEN, BELGIË Ik verklaar me akkoord met de code of conduct van de faculteit Letteren voor geloofwaardig auteurschap. Dankwoord Vooraleer ik begin met de presentatie van mijn masterthesis is het nodig dat ik mijn dank betuig aan enkele personen zonder wiens hulp en steun dit werk nooit tot stand gekomen zou kunnen zijn of althans veel gebrekkiger zou zijn. Ten eerste zou ik natuurlijk mijn promotor professor Stefan Schorn willen bedanken die eveneens mij begeleid heeft bij het schrijven van mijn eerstejaars- en bachelorpaper en zonder wiens raad en aanmoedigingen ik niet de historicus zou kunnen zijn geworden die ik vandaag ben. Ten tweede gaat mijn dank uit naar de professoren Harco Willems en René Preys van wiens expertise ik de afgelopen drie jaar heb kunnen profiteren, zowel in mijn eigen – bescheiden – studie van het Oud-, Middel-, en Nieuw- Egyptisch, en nu ook wat van het Vroeg-Ptolemaeïsch Egyptisch, als in dit onderzoek bij de problematische passages en voor het vinden van de juiste literatuur. Ten derde ben ik professor Kathleen Abraham eeuwig dankbaar voor haar lessen Akkadisch van de afgelopen twee jaar, haar steun bij dit onderzoek, en haar controle van mijn vertalingen. Ten vierde moet ik ook professor Mark Depauw en doctor Herbert Verreth bedanken voor hun bijdrage aan dit onderzoek, professor Depauw wiens kennis van het Demotisch mij in staat stelde het Karnak- ostrakon te verwerpen als bron voor de Tweede Syrische Oorlog en doctor Verreth wiens kennis van de Egyptische geografie essentieel was om de informatie van de Pithom-stèle te ontcijferen. Ten vijfde gaat mijn dank ook uit naar het bibliotheekpersoneel van de KULeuven die in deze moeilijke periode zo vriendelijk waren mijn talloze aanvragen naar artikels en boeken te vervullen. Ten zesde wil ik ook mijn ouders en broer bedanken voor hun geduld en tolerantie iedere keer als ik kwam zagen of luidop zat na te denken over problematische inscripties, de politieke afbakeningen van de Hellenistische rijken, en de verschillende Ptolemaioi, Antiochoi, en Seleukoi. Ten slotte wil ik ook u bedanken beste lezer om de moeite te nemen mijn thesis te lezen. 1 Inleiding ............................................................................................................................. 1 2 Bibliografie ........................................................................................................................ 3 3 Ad fontes alienos ............................................................................................................. 24 3.1 De Egyptische Bronnen ......................................................................................................... 24 Taalkundige bibliografie: .......................................................................................................... 24 3.1.1 De Pithom-stèle ............................................................................................................. 25 Tussentijdse bibliografie ........................................................................................................... 28 De Terugkeer van de goden (r. 10-12) ...................................................................................... 29 A. Tekst .............................................................................................................................. 29 B. Toponiemen ................................................................................................................... 38 C. De Terugkeer van de goden, een veelvoorkomend Ptolemaeïsch motief ...................... 50 De controle van Tjekou (r. 15-16) ............................................................................................. 56 A. Tekst .............................................................................................................................. 56 B. Toponiemen ................................................................................................................... 59 C. De vreemde landen eruit ................................................................................................ 59 Een kanaal en een muur (r. 16) .................................................................................................. 60 A. Tekst .............................................................................................................................. 60 B. Toponiemen ................................................................................................................... 67 C. Het kanaal en zijn functies ............................................................................................ 69 3.1.2 De Mendes-stèle ............................................................................................................ 71 Tussentijdse bibliografie ........................................................................................................... 73 Het huwelijk van Ptolemaios II en Arsinoe II (r. 10-11) ........................................................... 74 A. Tekst .............................................................................................................................. 74 De dood van Arsinoe II (r. 11-13) ............................................................................................. 75 A. Tekst .............................................................................................................................. 75 Het leger van Ptolemaios II (r. 14-15) ....................................................................................... 76 A. Tekst .............................................................................................................................. 76 B. Egyptische of Grieks-Macedonische soldaten ............................................................... 78 De aanleg van een kanaal in het Oosten (r. 18-19) .................................................................... 79 A. Tekst .............................................................................................................................. 79 B. Een bekend kanaal? ....................................................................................................... 80 Ptolemaios “de zoon” (r. 19) ..................................................................................................... 81 A. Tekst .............................................................................................................................. 81 B. Zijn verwekker, letterlijk of figuurlijk ........................................................................... 82 3.1.3 Een Demotisch ostrakon uit Karnak .............................................................................. 84 Tussentijdse bibliografie ........................................................................................................... 86 De overwinning van Ptolemaios II op Antiochos II of de regering van Psammetichos I (r. 1-4) ................................................................................................................................................... 87 A. Tekst .............................................................................................................................. 87 B. Bruikbaarheid ................................................................................................................ 91 3.2 De Akkadische bronnen ........................................................................................................ 93 Taalkundige bibliografie ........................................................................................................... 93 3.2.1 Een astronomisch dagboek uit jaar 38 SE ..................................................................... 94 Tussentijdse bibliografie ........................................................................................................... 96 Het vertrek van de koning (VO r. 29’-30’ + BM 32490 + 41848 VO r. 18’) ............................ 97 A. Tekst .............................................................................................................................. 97 B. Toponiemen ................................................................................................................... 99 C. Een Seleukidische overwinning .................................................................................. 101 Versterkingen uit Baktria en Babylonia (r. 30’-32’) ............................................................... 102 A. Tekst ............................................................................................................................ 102 B. Toponiemen ................................................................................................................. 103 Crisis en ziekte in Babylon (r. 33’ + BZ r. 1-2) ...................................................................... 104 A. Tekst ............................................................................................................................ 104 B. Toponiemen ................................................................................................................. 105 C. Economische
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