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ABHANDLUNGEN DER GEOLOGISCHEN BUNDESANSTALT Abh ABHANDLUNGEN DER GEOLOGISCHEN BUNDESANSTALT Abh. Geol. B.-A. ISSN 0378-0864 ISBN 978-3-85316-095-4 Band 72 S. 9–159 Wien, Jänner 2018 Zur Entwicklung der Paläontologie in Wien bis 1945 Zur Entwicklung der Paläontologie in Wien bis 1945 FRITZ F. STEININGER1, DANIELA ANGETTER2 & JOHANNES SEIDL3 gewidmet Herrn Univ. Prof. Dr. ERICH THENIUS Ordinarius für Paläontologie und Paläobiologie an der Universität Wien 1965–1974 Vorstand des Instituts für Paläontologie der Universität Wien 40 Abbildungen Geschichte Paläontologie Sammlung Universität Wien Forschung Naturhistorisches Museum Studium Geologische Bundesanstalt Lehre Theresianum Inhalt Geleitworte ............................................................................................... 3 Zusammenfassung ........................................................................................ 10 Abstract ................................................................................................ 10 Résumé................................................................................................. 10 Einleitung ............................................................................................... 10 1. Erste Ansätze der Paläontologie in Österreich................................................................. 11 2. Begriffsdefinitionen ..................................................................................... 13 3. Die Grundlagen der Paläontologie in Wien ................................................................... 15 3.1. Außeruniversitäre Sammlungen und Institutionen........................................................... 15 3.2. Universitätssammlungen und Naturwissenschaftliche „Museen“ ............................................... 21 4. Die Lehre der Naturwissenschaften, insbesondere an der Universität Wien .......................................... 23 5. Die Thun­Hohenstein’sche Universitätsreform ................................................................ 24 6. Lukas Friedrich Zekelis paläontologisches Curriculum .......................................................... 25 7. Die Errichtung der Lehrkanzel für Paläontologie an der Universität Wien ............................................ 28 7.1. Die Ära Eduard Suess (1857–1873) ..................................................................... 28 8. Paläontologische Sammlung, Paläontologisches Universitätsmuseum und Institut für Paläontologie....................... 33 8.1. Die Ära Melchior Neumayr (1873–1890) . 33 8.2. Die Ära Wilhelm Heinrich Waagen (1890–1900) ............................................................ 42 8.3. Die Ära Victor Uhlig (1901–1903) ....................................................................... 49 8.4. Die Ära Carl Diener (1903–1928)........................................................................ 51 9. Paläobiologischer Lehrapparat und Paläobiologisches Institut .................................................... 60 9.1. Die Ära Othenio Abel I – Paläobiologischer Lehrapparat (1912–1913, 1916–1924).................................. 60 9.2. Die Ära Othenio Abel II – Paläobiologisches Institut (1924–1928)............................................... 62 10. Paläontologisches und Paläobiologisches Institut.............................................................. 65 10.1. Die Ära Othenio Abel III (1928–1934) ................................................................... 65 10.2. Die interimistische Leitung Jan Versluys’ (1934–1937) ...................................................... 67 10.3. Die Ära Kurt Ehrenberg (1937–1945) . 68 Dank ................................................................................................... 72 Literatur................................................................................................. 72 Anhang (Siglen, Biographisches Handbuch, Abkürzungen, Bildnachweis) .............................................. 79 Personenregister ......................................................................................... 157 1 FRITZ F. STEININGER: Krahuletz-Museum, Krahuletz Platz 1, 3730 Eggenburg. [email protected]. 2 DANIELA ANGETTER: Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Hollandstraße 11–13/1,1020 Wien. [email protected]. 3 JOHANNES SEIDL: Archiv der Universität Wien, Postgasse 9, 1010 Wien. [email protected]. 9 Zusammenfassung Die Wiener naturwissenschaftlichen Institutionen wie das Naturhistorische Museum, die k.k. Hofkammer im Münz- und Bergwesen bzw. das Montanistische Museum (hier wurden bereits ab 1844 die ersten Vorlesungen in Paläontologie von Franz von Hauer abgehalten, dessen Vorlesungsmanuskript uns erhalten ist) und die daraus hervorgegangene k.k. Geologische Reichsanstalt waren die ursprünglichen Kristallisationspunkte der wissenschaftlichen beschreibenden Paläontologie im 19. Jahr- hundert in Wien. Im Lehrveranstaltungsbetrieb der Universität Wien wurde zu dieser Zeit eine Reihe allgemein naturwissenschaftlicher und mineralogischer Vorlesungen sowohl an der Medizinischen als auch an der Philosophischen Fakultät abgehalten, in deren Inhalten auch paläontologische Themen vermutet werden können. In dieser Zeit existierten bereits diverse Universitätssammlungen, die wahrscheinlich dem Unterricht dienten. Doch leider ist uns weder über den Inhalt dieser naturwissenschaft- lichen Vorlesungen noch über die Materialien dieser Sammlungen Näheres bekannt. Das erste paläontologische Lehrveranstaltungscurriculum an der Philosophischen Fakultät der Wiener Universität kennen wir ab 1853 durch Priv. Doz. Dr. phil. Lukas Friedrich Zekeli, der alle Fachbereiche der Paläontologie unterrichtete und Exkur- sionen im Gelände organisierte. 1857 wurde eine paläontologische Lehrkanzel geschaffen, die mit Eduard Suess besetzt wurde. 1873 wurde Melchior Neumayr zur Leitung eines Paläontologischen Instituts (= Paläontologische Sammlung, bzw. Paläontologisches Universitätsmuseum) berufen. Im Folgenden werden die einzelnen Abschnitte dieses Instituts in chronologischer Reihenfolge der Vorstände bis 1945 behandelt, wobei das wissenschaftliche und das nichtwissenschaftliche Personal ebenso erfasst wird wie die Dissertanten und Dissertationen und auch die Habilitationen. Ferner finden sich die in diesem Zeitabschnitt abgehaltenen Lehrveranstaltungen und der Erwerb von Sammlungen zwischen 1873 und 1928 aufgelistet. Besonders ist auf ein Biographisches Handbuch der Wiener Paläontologen von Anbeginn bis 1945 hinzuweisen, das sich im Anhang befindet. Zum Abschluss folgt ein ausführliches Literaturverzeichnis sowie ein Index der Personennamen. On the development of paleontology in Vienna till 1945 Abstract In Vienna, the early natural history institutions such as the Natural History Museum, the so-called “k.k. Hofkammer für Münz- und Bergwesen”, the “Montanistische Museum” and the Geological Survey gave rise to and functioned as the first institutions for scientific descriptive palaeontology in the late 18th and early 19th century. Remarkably, we even discovered the original script for the lectures that Franz von Hauer held on palaeontology at the “Montanistische Museum” starting in 1844. Towards the late 18th and the first half of the 19th century, lectures on general natural history and mineralogy were given the University of Vienna, namely at the Medical Faculty and the Philosophical Faculty. Those lectures no doubt also presented palaeontological information. The early university natural history collections clearly served teaching purposes as well. Unfortunately, we have no information about the content of those lectures or the early collections. The first curriculum in palaeontology at the University of Vienna is documented from 1853 onward, centered around the teaching of Priv. Doz. Dr. phil. Lukas Friedrich Zekeli. His lectures covered all aspects of palaeontology and he also organised numerous field trips. The first chair for palaeontology was founded in 1857 for Eduard Suess; in 1873 Melchior Neumayr was appointed director of the newly inaugurated Institute for Palaeontology (= Paläontologische Sammlung, or Paläontologisches Universitätsmuseum) – the first independent Institute of Palaeontology worldwide. In the following chapters we describe the evolution of this institute based on the successive directors, name the scientific and general staff, list all the lectures given in the respective period, provide a record of the dissertations and habilitations up to 1945, and give an overview of the paleontology collections which have been acquired between 1873 and 1928. Particular reference is made to the main part of the study, a biographical handbook of Viennese palaeontologists from the beginning to 1945. This contribution ends with a voluminous list of references and a registry of persons. Sur le développement de la Paléontologie à Vienne jusqu’en 1945 Résumé Nous présentons dans cette étude une histoire de la Paléontologie à Vienne, de ses débuts à 1945. Entre la fin du XVIIIe siècle et le début du XIXe siècle, la Paléonto- logie descriptive s’est cristallisée autour de trois instituts viennois de Sciences Naturelles : le Musée d’Histoire Naturelle, le k.k. Hofkammer im Münz- und Bergwesen et le Montanistisches Museum, dont fut issu le Service géologique Impérial en 1849. Notons au passage que le premier manuscrit des cours de Paléontologie donnés à partir de 1844 par Franz von Hauer est conservé à la bibliothèque du Geologische Bundesanstalt. Dans les Facultés de Médecine et de Philosophie
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