France and Venice Treaty Against Milan
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University of Southampton Research Repository
University of Southampton Research Repository Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis and, where applicable, any accompanying data are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non- commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis and the accompanying data cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content of the thesis and accompanying research data (where applicable) must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder/s. When referring to this thesis and any accompanying data, full bibliographic details must be given, e.g. Thesis: Katarzyna Kosior (2017) "Becoming and Queen in Early Modern Europe: East and West", University of Southampton, Faculty of the Humanities, History Department, PhD Thesis, 257 pages. University of Southampton FACULTY OF HUMANITIES Becoming a Queen in Early Modern Europe East and West KATARZYNA KOSIOR Doctor of Philosophy in History 2017 ~ 2 ~ UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES History Doctor of Philosophy BECOMING A QUEEN IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE: EAST AND WEST Katarzyna Kosior My thesis approaches sixteenth-century European queenship through an analysis of the ceremonies and rituals accompanying the marriages of Polish and French queens consort: betrothal, wedding, coronation and childbirth. The thesis explores the importance of these events for queens as both a personal and public experience, and questions the existence of distinctly Western and Eastern styles of queenship. A comparative study of ‘Eastern’ and ‘Western’ ceremony in the sixteenth century has never been attempted before and sixteenth- century Polish queens usually do not appear in any collective works about queenship, even those which claim to have a pan-European focus. -
Theocracy Metin M. Coşgel Thomas J. Miceli
Theocracy Metin M. Coşgel University of Connecticut Thomas J. Miceli University of Connecticut Working Paper 2013-29 November 2013 365 Fairfield Way, Unit 1063 Storrs, CT 06269-1063 Phone: (860) 486-3022 Fax: (860) 486-4463 http://www.econ.uconn.edu/ This working paper is indexed on RePEc, http://repec.org THEOCRACY by Metin Coşgel* and Thomas J. Miceli** Abstract: Throughout history, religious and political authorities have had a mysterious attraction to each other. Rulers have established state religions and adopted laws with religious origins, sometimes even claiming to have divine powers. We propose a political economy approach to theocracy, centered on the legitimizing relationship between religious and political authorities. Making standard assumptions about the motivations of these authorities, we identify the factors favoring the emergence of theocracy, such as the organization of the religion market, monotheism vs. polytheism, and strength of the ruler. We use two sets of data to test the implications of the model. We first use a unique data set that includes information on over three hundred polities that have been observed throughout history. We also use recently available cross-country data on the relationship between religious and political authorities to examine these issues in current societies. The results provide strong empirical support for our arguments about why in some states religious and political authorities have maintained independence, while in others they have integrated into a single entity. JEL codes: H10, -
Unification of Italy 1792 to 1925 French Revolutionary Wars to Mussolini
UNIFICATION OF ITALY 1792 TO 1925 FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY WARS TO MUSSOLINI ERA SUMMARY – UNIFICATION OF ITALY Divided Italy—From the Age of Charlemagne to the 19th century, Italy was divided into northern, central and, southern kingdoms. Northern Italy was composed of independent duchies and city-states that were part of the Holy Roman Empire; the Papal States of central Italy were ruled by the Pope; and southern Italy had been ruled as an independent Kingdom since the Norman conquest of 1059. The language, culture, and government of each region developed independently so the idea of a united Italy did not gain popularity until the 19th century, after the Napoleonic Wars wreaked havoc on the traditional order. Italian Unification, also known as "Risorgimento", refers to the period between 1848 and 1870 during which all the kingdoms on the Italian Peninsula were united under a single ruler. The most well-known character associated with the unification of Italy is Garibaldi, an Italian hero who fought dozens of battles for Italy and overthrew the kingdom of Sicily with a small band of patriots, but this romantic story obscures a much more complicated history. The real masterminds of Italian unity were not revolutionaries, but a group of ministers from the kingdom of Sardinia who managed to bring about an Italian political union governed by ITALY BEFORE UNIFICATION, 1792 B.C. themselves. Military expeditions played an important role in the creation of a United Italy, but so did secret societies, bribery, back-room agreements, foreign alliances, and financial opportunism. Italy and the French Revolution—The real story of the Unification of Italy began with the French conquest of Italy during the French Revolutionary Wars. -
Of a Princely Court in the Burgundian Netherlands, 1467-1503 Jun
Court in the Market: The ‘Business’ of a Princely Court in the Burgundian Netherlands, 1467-1503 Jun Hee Cho Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 Jun Hee Cho All rights reserved ABSTRACT Court in the Market: The ‘Business’ of a Princely Court in the Burgundian Netherlands, 1467-1503 Jun Hee Cho This dissertation examines the relations between court and commerce in Europe at the onset of the modern era. Focusing on one of the most powerful princely courts of the period, the court of Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, which ruled over one of the most advanced economic regions in Europe, the greater Low Countries, it argues that the Burgundian court was, both in its institutional operations and its cultural aspirations, a commercial enterprise. Based primarily on fiscal accounts, corroborated with court correspondence, municipal records, official chronicles, and contemporary literary sources, this dissertation argues that the court was fully engaged in the commercial economy and furthermore that the culture of the court, in enacting the ideals of a largely imaginary feudal past, was also presenting the ideals of a commercial future. It uncovers courtiers who, despite their low rank yet because of their market expertise, were close to the duke and in charge of acquiring and maintaining the material goods that made possible the pageants and ceremonies so central to the self- representation of the Burgundian court. It exposes the wider network of court officials, urban merchants and artisans who, tied by marriage and business relationships, together produced and managed the ducal liveries, jewelries, tapestries and finances that realized the splendor of the court. -
The Columbian Exchange: a History of Disease, Food, and Ideas
Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 24, Number 2—Spring 2010—Pages 163–188 The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas Nathan Nunn and Nancy Qian hhee CColumbianolumbian ExchangeExchange refersrefers toto thethe exchangeexchange ofof diseases,diseases, ideas,ideas, foodfood ccrops,rops, aandnd populationspopulations betweenbetween thethe NewNew WorldWorld andand thethe OldOld WWorldorld T ffollowingollowing thethe voyagevoyage ttoo tthehe AAmericasmericas bbyy ChristoChristo ppherher CColumbusolumbus inin 1492.1492. TThehe OldOld WWorld—byorld—by wwhichhich wwee mmeanean nnotot jjustust EEurope,urope, bbutut tthehe eentirentire EEasternastern HHemisphere—gainedemisphere—gained fromfrom tthehe CColumbianolumbian EExchangexchange iinn a nnumberumber ooff wways.ays. DDiscov-iscov- eeriesries ooff nnewew ssuppliesupplies ofof metalsmetals areare perhapsperhaps thethe bestbest kknown.nown. BButut thethe OldOld WWorldorld aalsolso ggainedained newnew staplestaple ccrops,rops, ssuchuch asas potatoes,potatoes, sweetsweet potatoes,potatoes, maize,maize, andand cassava.cassava. LessLess ccalorie-intensivealorie-intensive ffoods,oods, suchsuch asas tomatoes,tomatoes, chilichili peppers,peppers, cacao,cacao, peanuts,peanuts, andand pineap-pineap- pplesles wwereere aalsolso iintroduced,ntroduced, andand areare nownow culinaryculinary centerpiecescenterpieces inin manymany OldOld WorldWorld ccountries,ountries, namelynamely IItaly,taly, GGreece,reece, andand otherother MediterraneanMediterranean countriescountries (tomatoes),(tomatoes), -
Reunion Book
MIT Class of 1967 40th Reunion Profile Book Last Names S to Z Page 2 of 47 Sacerdote, George............................................................................................................................................... 3 Sanders, Dave ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 Schiff, Michael.................................................................................................................................................... 5 Schroeder, Steve ................................................................................................................................................. 6 Schulze, Herbert (Dick) R................................................................................................................................... 7 Seldon, Lee ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 Shalom, Eddy.................................................................................................................................................... 10 Shapiro, Jeffrey H. ............................................................................................................................................ 12 Sharlack, Ron.................................................................................................................................................... 14 Sherman, -
H-France Review Volume 16 (2016) Page 1
H-France Review Volume 16 (2016) Page 1 H-France Review Vol. 16 (April 2016), No. 47 Sarah Alyn Stacey, ed., Political, Religious and Social Conflict in the States of Savoy. Bern: Peter Lang, 2014. xiii + 317 pp. Notes and index. $72.95 U.S. (pb). ISBN 978-3-0343-0831-1. Review by Brian Sandberg, Northern Illinois University. Over the past several decades, Sabaudian studies (as the history and literature of the Franco-Italian duchy of Savoy are known) have grown significantly and matured. The duchy of Savoy, situated in the Piedmont (Piémont or Piemonte) region of the Italian peninsula, has become an important case in work on state development. The duchy offers a key example of a small European state with a multilingual (Franco-Italian) and mixed confessional population. During the early modern period, the dukes of Savoy engaged in the Italian Wars and the European Wars of Religion through diplomatic and military activity, attempting to navigate between the Spanish, Imperial, and French spheres of influence in Italy. Savoy thus offers fascinating evidence on religious conflict and political culture for the broader histories of early modern Europe and of European state development. Political, Religious and Social Conflict in the States of Savoy, edited by Sarah Alyn Stacey, comes from a conference on “Les Conflits en Savoie 1400-1700 / Conflict and Society in Savoy 1400-1700,” held at Trinity College Dublin in May 2010. The conference was sponsored by Trinity’s Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, which is directed by the volume’s editor, who also provides an introduction for this conference proceedings. -
Clerical Opposition in Habsburg Castile
02_EHQ 31/3 articles 3/7/01 10:13 am Page 323 Sean T. Perrone Clerical Opposition in Habsburg Castile Introduction The emergence of the new monarchies at the end of the fifteenth century and the beginning of the sixteenth century has often been considered a watershed mark in the development of the modern state. Historians and social scientists have argued that this transition led to greater royal control over society, including the clergy. John Thomson, for example, notes that in the fifteenth century princes gradually wrested from the papacy the right of appointment to ecclesiastical benefices, the right to tax the clergy, and greater jurisdictional rights over the national Church.1 According to the state-building paradigm, then, the new monarchies brought an end to the universalist claims of the popes and brought the national clergy more thoroughly under royal control. This suggests, however, a sharp discontinuity with the medieval past, which was full of struggles between Church and State. A few of the most notable examples include: the ‘investiture con- flict’ in Germany, which led Henry IV (1056–1106) to prostrate himself before the gates of Castile Canossa for three consecutive days seeking papal absolution (1077);2 the struggles in England over the status of Church courts and law, and the subsequent murder of Archbishop Thomas à Becket in Canterbury Cathedral (1170); and the conflicts between Philip the Fair (1285–1314) and Boniface VIII (1294–1303) over ecclesiastical taxation and immunity, which were only resolved when Philip arrested Boniface VIII (1303). Could the contentious popes, bishops, and priests of the Middle Ages really have been subdued and trans- formed so rapidly? No. -
The Loire Valley Ladies
Atout France – Press release THE LOIRE VALLEY LADIES The Renaissance tends to be dominated by men: kings, noblemen, artists. But who were the women of the time? The French Renaissance was, in fact, one of the few periods in French history when a strong concentration of women ruled the country alone, or in collaboration with kings or on behalf of sons. Many of these women had a strong connection to the Loire Valley, along with female artists. Influential women in the Loire Valley are also thriving today. Here we look at some of the most important female figures, both past and present. WOMEN OF THE RENAISSANCE The Mona Lisa She may not have lived in the Loire Valley – but she is probably the most famous woman in the world, and a symbol of the French Renaissance. Lisa Gherardini was a Italian noblewoman born in 1479 and the model for ‘La Joconde’, the famous portrait by Leonardo da Vinci commissioned by her husband, Francesco del Giocondo in 1503. In 1516, Leonardo came to France at the French king’s request and brought the painting with him. Francois I, who was passionate about Leonardo’s talent, named him ‘first painter, engineer and architect of the king’ and gave him the Chateau de Clos-Lucé in the Loire Valley, near his own residence at Amboise. Leonardo lived at Clos-Lucé until his death in 1519. Following his death, Francois I placed the Mona Lisa in the Palais de Fontainebleau where it remained for a century. Louis XIV moved it to Versailles and, after the French Revolution, it was moved to the Musée du Louvre – having also spent a brief period in Napoleon’s bedroom at the Tuileries Palace. -
C O N T E N T S PREFACE Francis, Our Titular and Patron Saint
1 C O N T E N T S PREFACE Francis, our titular and patron saint CHAPTER 1 Main events in the life of Francis de Sales Francis the priest: pastor and missionary Francis, Prince-bishop of Geneva Francis, founder of the Visitation Congregation Final journey CHAPTER 2 Pastoral bishop primarily concerned for his flock Twenty years of episcopal labours (1602-1622) Bishop in a time of problems and complexities Francis and Calvinism Apostle and catechist Three great books on practical spirituality Everyone has a personalised vocation CHAPTER 3 Christian vocation - open to the inspiration of love The all-importance of the human heart; the choice it must make The free choice of divine love. Along the path of communion with God The heart that loves God loves him totally and always The loving heart accepts death and life in Christ CHAPTER 4 Don Bosco and Francis de Sales Don Bosco and Francis de Sales - the correlation The vital Salesian affinities Francis' staunch pastoral character Doctrinal conviction founded on love Salesian pastoral attitudes The Salesian Family today PREFACE FRANCIS, OUR TITULAR AND PATRON SAINT Francis de Sales is one of our Salesian Family saints by special right, and we are most grateful to Father Aubry for presenting us with this pamphlet. Only one with his profound knowledge of the saint could succeed in outlining his life and special brand of spirituality with such brevity and perception. John Bosco had been well acquainted with St Francis of Sales long before his priestly ordination. Right from his seminary days at Chieri, he had looked to Francis de Sales and Charles Borromeo as his special champions; furthermore, St Francis (together with St Aloysius) were recommended as specific models for all the clerics. -
The Invisible Bridge Between the United Kingdom and Piedmont
The Invisible Bridge between the United Kingdom and Piedmont The Invisible Bridge between the United Kingdom and Piedmont By Andrea Raimondi With a contribution by Giorgio Rossi Accastello The Invisible Bridge between the United Kingdom and Piedmont By Andrea Raimondi This book first published 2019 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2019 by Andrea Raimondi All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-2806-5 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-2806-2 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations ................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements ................................................................................. viii Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 Chapter One .............................................................................................. 12 The Vercelli Book Chapter Two ............................................................................................. 23 Guala Bicchieri Chapter Three .......................................................................................... -
On Spain's Early Modern Polemics of Possession
Quidditas Volume 41 Article 6 2020 “That Kingdom is Mine”: On Spain’s Early Modern Polemics of Possession Over Jerusalem, circa 1605 Chad Leahy University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, History Commons, Philosophy Commons, and the Renaissance Studies Commons Recommended Citation Leahy, Chad (2020) "“That Kingdom is Mine”: On Spain’s Early Modern Polemics of Possession Over Jerusalem, circa 1605," Quidditas: Vol. 41 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra/vol41/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Quidditas by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Quidditas 41 (2020) 96 “That Kingdom is Mine”: On Spain’s Early Modern Polemics of Possession Over Jerusalem, circa 1605 Chad Leahy University of Denver Spanish claims to the throne of Jerusalem in the early modern period have often been viewed in light either of royal mythologies connecting the Habsburgh monarchy to the biblical kings David and Solomon or to prophetic discourses of imperial Messianism relating to universal monarchy. This paper broadens our understanding of Spanish claims to Jerusalem through close reading of two archival documents produced in 1605. In defending Spanish preeminence and sovereignty in Jerusalem, I argue that these documents participate in a “polemics of possession” that crucially informed cultural production related to the Holy City in the period more broadly. These documents further urge us to recognize Jerusalem’s role within early modern Spanish culture and politics as a location bound up in pragmatic geopolitical, diplomatic, economic, and material concerns that demand our attention.