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- Agrawal, N.K., 1996. Fish reproduction. Aph publishing Corporation. 157p. - Alikunhi, K.H., 1966. Synopsis of biological Data on Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 (Asia and the Far East). Rome: FAO Fish Synops 31(1), 1-77.. - Appleford, P., Anderson, T.A. and Gooley, G.J., 1998. Reproductive cycle and gonadal development of Macquarie perch, Macquaria australasica Cuvier (Percichthyidae), in Lake Dartmouth and tributaries of the Murray-Darling Basin, Victoria,Archive Australia. Marine and Freshwater of Research SID 49, 163-169. - Bardacki, F., Ozansoy, U. and Koptagel, E., 2002. A comparision of oogenesis under constsntand fiuctuating temmprature in Doctor fish, Garra rufa Heckel, 1843 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Aquaculture 1, 1-8. - Berg, L.S., 1949. Freshwater fishes of Iran and adjacent countries. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Neuk SSSR. 8, 783-858 (in Russian). - Bishai, H.M., Ishak, M.M, Labib, W., 1974. Fecundity of the mirror carp Cyprinus carpio L. at the Serow Fish Farm (Egypt). Aquaculture 4, 257-265. - Booth, A.J, Weyl, O.L.F., 2000. Histological validation of gonadal macroscopic staging criteria for Labeo cylindricus (Pisces: Cyprinidae). African Zoology 35, 223-231. - Biswas, S.P., 1993. Manual of method in fish biology. South Asian Publisher put Ltd. 36p. - Brzuska, E., 1989. Investigations on controlled reproduction of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in early spring. Acta Hydrobiologica 31, 121-129.
www.SID.ir ... - Crivelli, A.J., 1981. The biology of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. in the Carmargue, southern France. Journal of Fish Biology 18, 271-290. - Crook, D.A. and Robertson, A.I., 1999. Relationships between reverie fish and woody debris: implications for lowland rivers. Marine and Freshwater Research 50:941-953. - Davies, P.R., Hanyu, I., 1986. Effect of temperature and photoperiod on sexual maturation and spawning of the common carp I. Under conditions of high temperature. Aquaculture 51, 277-288. - Fernandez-Delgado, C., 1990. Life history patterns of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, in the estuary of the Guadalquivir River in south-west Spain. Hydrobiologia 206, 19-28. - Fida, S., Qadri, M.Y., Siddiqi, M., 1988. Influence of environmental conditions on the ovarian cycle and serum chemistry of Cyprinus carpio in the Dal Lake, Kashmir (India). Freshwater Biology 20, 61-67. - Gougnard, I., Poncin, P., Ruwet, J.C., Phlippart. J.C., 1987. The spawning behaviour in cultured barbells: influence of the number of courting males. Cahiers d'Ethologie Applique. 7, 293-302. - Guha, D. and Mukherjee, D., 1991. Seasonal cyclical changes in the gonadal activity of common carp, Cyprinus carpio Linn. Indian Journal of Fisheries 38, 218-223. - Hanchet, S., 1990. The effects of koi carp on New Zealand aquatic ecosystems. New Zealand Freshwater Fisheries Report No. 117. Freshwater Fisheries Center, MAF Fisheries, Rotorua. pp. 1-41. - Horvath, L., 1985. Egg development (oogenesis) in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). In: Recent Advances in Aquaculture (Muir, J.F. and Roberts, R.J., eds), pp. 31-77. - Hunter, J.R., Macewicz, B.J., 1985. Rates of atresia in the ovary of captive and wild northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax. Fishery Bulletin 83, 119-136. - Humphries, P., Serafini, L.G., King, A.I., 2002. River regulation and fish larvae: variation through space and time. Freshwater Biology 47, 1307-1331. - Kazanchev, A. 1981. Fishes of Caspian Sea. Translated by: A. Shariatie, 1992. Iranian Fisheries Organization. 171p. - Linhart, O., Kudo, S., Billard, R., Slechta, V. and Mikodina, E.V., 1995. Morphology, composition and fertilization of carp eggs: a review. Aquaculture 129, 75-93. - Matsuyama, M., Adachi, S., Nagahama, Y., Matsuura, S., 1988. Diurnal rhythm of oocyte development and plasma steroid hormone levels in the females red sea bream, Pagrus major, during the spawning season. Aquaculture 73, 359-372. - McDowall, R. (Ed.), 1996. Freshwater fishes of South-Eastern Australia. Sydney: reed Books. ISBN: 0 9591 908 0 5. 208p. - Mills, C.A., 1991. Reproduction and life history. In: Cyprinid Fishes: Systematics, biology and Exploitation. (Winfield, I.J. and Nelson, J.S., eds), London: Chapman and Hall. pp. 483-509. - Mojazi Amiri, B., Maebayashi, M., Hara, A., Adachi, S., Yamauchi, K., 1996. Ovarion development and serum sex steroid and vitellgenin profiles in the female cultured sturgeon hybrid, the bester. Journal of Fish Biology 48, 1164-1178. - Naderi Jolodar, M., Abdoli, A., 2004. Fish Species Atlas of South Caspian Sea Basin (Iranian Waters). Ministry of Jahad-e-Agriculture, Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. 80p. - N , da, K., Deniel, C., 1993. Sexual cycle and seasonal changes in the ovary of the red mullet, Mullus surmuletus, from the sothern coast of Brittany. Journal of Fish Biology 43, 229-244. - Nikolsky, G.V., 1963.Archive The ecology of fishes, Academic Press.of 350p. SID - Parmeswaran, S., Alikunhi, K.H. and Sukumaran, K.K., 1972. Observation on the matration fecundity and breeding of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Indian Journal of Fisheries 19, 110-124. - Peyghan, R., Alboghabish, N., Pourmehdy Broojeni, M., Rasekh, E., 2002. A study on some biological and histological parameters of common carp gonads (Cyprinus carpio) during two rearing period. Scientific and Research Quarterly of Agricultural Jahad, Pajouhesh-va- Sazandegi 55, 16-23. - Presnell, J.K. and Schreibman, M.P., 1997. Humanson’s Animal Tissue Techniques. Baltimore (United State), MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.323p. - Rahman, S., Takemura, A., Takano, K., 2000. Annual changes in ovarian histology, plasma steroid hormones and vitellogenin in the female golden rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus (Bloch). Bulletin of Marine Science 67, 729- 740. - Shikhshabekov, M.M., 1972. The annual cycle of the gonads in wild carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) from the Terek Delta, Journal of Ichthyology 5, 855-859.
www.SID.ir ( " !"# " $% &' ()* +, ( #- - Sivakumaran K.P., Brown, P., Stoessel, D. and Giles, A., 2003. Maturation and reproductive biology of female wild carp, Cyprinus carpio, in Victoria, Australia. Environmental Biology of Fishes 68, 321-332. - Smith, B.B., 1999. Observation on the early life history of carp, Cyprinus carpio: fecundity, spawning and tolerance of eggs to dehydration and salinity. BSc thesis, Department of Environmental Biology, University of Adelaide. 32p. - Smith, B.B. and Walker, K.F., 2004. Spawning dynamics of common carp in the River Murray, South Australia, shown by macroscopic and histological staging of gonads. Journal of Fish Biology 64, 336-354. - Sparre, P., Ursin, E. and Vanema, S.C., 1988. Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment part manual FAO, Italy. 337p. - Swee, U.B. and McCrimmon, H.R., 1966. Reproductive biology of the carp, Cyprinus carpio L., in Lake St Lawrence, Ontario. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 95, 372-380. - Szabo, T., Szabo, R., Urbanyi, B. and Horwath, L., 2000. Review of the results of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) breeding at a large-scale hatchery. Reproduction in domesticated Animals 35, 89-94. - Tempero, G.W., Ling, N., Hicks, B.J. and Osborne, M.W., 2006. Age composition, growth, and reproduction of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the lower Waikato region, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 40, 571-583. - Vilizzi, l., 1998. Age, growth and cohort composition of 0+ carp in the River murray, Australia. Journal of Fish Biology 52, 997-1013. - Vosoughi, Gh., Mostajeer, B., 1992. Freshwater Fishes. Tehran University Publication. 317p. - West, G., 1990. Methods of assessing ovarian development in fishes: a review. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 41, 199-222.
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www.SID.ir Journal of Fisheries, Iranian Journal of Natural Res., Vol. 63, No. 3, 2010. pp. 197-208 208
Reproduction biology of female common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in southeast of the Caspian Sea (Miankale Fishing Station)
A.Ghelichi*1, R. Akrami1, Gh. Bandani2 and S. Jorjani1 1 Faculties, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr Branch, I.R. Iran 2 M.Sc. in Fisheries, Dept. of Stock Assessment, Golestan Fisheries Research Center, Gorgan, I.R. Iran (Received: 18 October 2009, Accepted: 30 October 2010)
Abstract Determination of spawning period and peak time of it has a crucial role in stock management and restocking of fish species. In the present study, the ovarian development and spawning of common carp in south-east of Caspian Sea were examined through histological studies. At the beginning of the study, samples were obtained through seining that was performed through commercial fishery organizations (the Golestan province) from October to March. Later, samples obtained through fishing by research organizations. Samples were taken randomly from the beach seine nets. The samples were considered from different aspects: fecundity, oocyte diameter, biometry, identification of different maturation stages, and gonado-samatic indices (GSI). Hematoxilin-Eosin method was used for staining of oocytes. Identification of maturation stages was done based on six-stage key. In the mean, absolute fecundity was 143302.8. GSI elevated until early January and then decreased. GSI increased sharply again until May. In June, a sudden decrease in changes was seen. The results from gonadosamatic index and histological studies showed common carp gonad has a continuous spawning period in the Caspian Sea and the spawning occurred initially over at least 8 months.
Keywords: Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Reproduction period, Gonadosamatic index, Fecundity, Southeast of Caspian Sea
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*Corresponding author: Tel: +98 911 1718698 , Fax: +98 174 6724003 , E-mail: [email protected]
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