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Cosmopolitanisms in Muslim Contexts : Perspectives from the Past Derryl N eCommons@AKU Exploring Muslim Contexts ISMC Series 1-1-2012 Volume 4: Cosmopolitanisms in Muslim Contexts : Perspectives from the Past Derryl N. MacLean Editor Sikeena Karmali Ahmed Editor Follow this and additional works at: http://ecommons.aku.edu/uk_ismc_series_emc Part of the Islamic World and Near East History Commons, and the Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation MacLean, D. , Ahmed, S. (Eds.). (2012). Volume 4: Cosmopolitanisms in Muslim Contexts : Perspectives from the Past Vol. 4, p. 208. Available at: http://ecommons.aku.edu/uk_ismc_series_emc/6 234 x 156mm but folows there jacket spine 12mm Established in London in 2002, the Aga Khan University, Institute for the Study of Muslim Civilisations aims to strengthen research and teaching about the Exploring Muslim Contexts heritages of Muslim societies as they have evolved over time, and to examine the and Sikeena Karmali Ahmed Edited Derryl by MacLean N. challenges these societies face in today’s globalised world. It also seeks to create opportunities for interaction among academics, traditionally trained scholars, innovative thinkers and leaders, in an effort to promote dialogue and build bridges. Exploring Muslim Contexts Series Editor: Abdou Filali-Ansary This series seeks to address salient and urgent issues faced by Muslim societies as they evolve in a rapidly globalising world. It brings together the scholarship of Cosmopolitanisms leading specialists from various academic fields, representing a wide range of theoretical and practical perspectives. Cosmopolitanisms Cosmopolitanisms in Muslim Contexts in Muslim in Muslim Contexts Perspectives from the Past Contexts Perspectives from the from Perspectives Past Edited by Derryl N. MacLean and Sikeena Karmali Ahmed Perspectives from the Past ‘Exceeds all previous efforts to address the intersection of Islam and cosmopolitan norms, values and options. Against the backdrop of Islamicate civilisation and contemporary global challenges, Edited by Derryl N. MacLean its contributors accent cosmopolitanism as both a political ideal and a social practice in several and Sikeena Karmali Ahmed contexts. At last one can, and does, grasp the critical cosmopolitan element of the Muslim world throughout the Afro-Eurasian ecumene.’ Bruce B. Lawrence, Marcus Family Professor of Humanities and Professor of Islamic Studies Emeritus, Duke University Cosmopolitanism has become a key concept in social and political thought, standing in opposition to ideologies such as nationalism, parochialism and fundamentalism. Much recent discussion of this concept has been situated within contemporary Western self-perceptions, with little inclusion of information from historical Muslim contexts. This volume redresses the balance by focusing attention on instances in modern world history where cosmopolitan ideas and practices pervaded specific Muslim societies and cultures. Derryl N. MacLean is Director of the Centre for the Sikeena Karmali Ahmed is Manager of Publications at Comparative Study of Muslim Societies and Cultures and the Aga Khan University, Institute for the Study of Muslim Associate Professor in the Department of History at Simon Civilisations. Fraser University, Canada. ISBN 978-0-7486-4456-8 Jacket design: www.richardbudddesign.co.uk Edinburgh www.euppublishing.com Cosmopolitanisms in Muslim Contexts Exploring Muslim Contexts Series Editor: Abdou Filali-Ansary Books in the series include Development Models in Muslim Contexts: Chinese, “Islamic” and Neo-Liberal Alternatives Edited by Robert Springborg The Challenge of Pluralism: Paradigms from Muslim Contexts Edited by Abdou Filali-Ansary and Sikeena Karmali Ahmed Ethnographies of Islam: Ritual Performances and Everyday Practices Edited by Baudouin Dupret, Thomas Pierret, Paulo G. Pinto and Kathryn Spellman-Poots Cosmopolitanisms in Muslim Contexts: Perspectives from the Past Edited by Derryl N. MacLean and Sikeena Karmali Ahmed www.euppublishing.com/series/ecmc Cosmopolitanisms in Muslim Contexts Perspectives from the Past Edited by Derryl N. MacLean and Sikeena Karmali Ahmed in association with THE AGA KHAN UNIVERSITY Institute for the Study of Muslim Civilisations The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Aga Khan University, Institute for the Study of Muslim Civilisations. © Editorial matter and organisation Derryl N. MacLean and Sikeena Karmali Ahmed, 2012 © The chapters, their several authors, 2012 Edinburgh University Press Ltd 22 George Square, Edinburgh eh8 9lf www.euppublishing.com Typeset in Goudy Oldstyle by Koinonia, Manchester and printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon cr0 4yy A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 0 7486 4456 8 (hardback) ISBN 978 0 7486 4457 5 (webready PDF) ISBN 978 0 7486 4609 7 (epub) ISBN 978 0 7486 5608 0 (Amazon ebook) The right of the contributors to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Contents List of Figures vii 1. Introduction: Cosmopolitanisms in Muslim Contexts 1 Derryl N. MacLean 2. Freeborn Villagers: Islam and the Local Uses of Cosmopolitan Connections in the Tanzanian Countryside 10 Felicitas Becker 3. Interrogating “Cosmopolitanism” in an Indian Ocean Setting: Thinking Through Mombasa on the Swahili Coast 31 Kai Kresse 4. Translators of Empire: Colonial Cosmopolitanism, Ottoman Bureaucrats and the Struggle over the Governance of Yemen, 1898–1914 51 Thomas Kuehn 5. Islampolis, Cosmopolis: Ottoman Urbanity Between Myth, Memory and Postmodernity 68 Ariel Salzmann 6. Cosmopolitan Cursing in Late Nineteenth-Century Alexandria 92 Will Hanley 7. Kebabs and Port Wine: The Culinary Cosmopolitanism of Anglo-Persian Dining, 1800–1835 105 Nile Green 8. Abdur Rahman Chughtai: Cosmopolitan Mughal Aesthetic in the Age of Print 127 Iftikhar Dadi Cosmopolitanisms in Muslim Contexts 9. Cosmopolitanism and Authenticity: The Doctrine of Tashabbuh Bi’l-Kuffar (“Imitating the Infidel”) in Modern South Asian Fatwas 156 Muhammad Khalid Masud About the Contributors 176 Index 180 — vi — Figures 5.1 Jewish Society lottery ticket, 1874. Dimensions 20.5 x 22.5 mm. Reproduced with kind permission of the author. 81 8.1 Abdur Rahman Chughtai, Mughal Artist, c. 1950s. Etching. Dimensions 24.7 x 20.9 cm. (Collection of Nighat and Imran Mir. Reproduced with kind permission of Arif Rahman Chughtai © Chughtai Museum Trust, Lahore.) 129 8.2 Cover of Chatterjee’s Picture Albums, a series of bound plates in full colour. 29 x 21 cm. 130 8.3 Abdur Rahman Chughtai, Arjuna, illustration in Chughtai’s Indian Paintings, 1951. Watercolour on paper. Dimensions n.a. (Reproduced with kind permission of Arif Rahman Chughtai © Chughtai Museum Trust, Lahore.) 133 8.4 Abdur Rahman Chughtai, illustration and illumination of the first couplet of Divan-i Ghalib (Urdu), in Muraqqa‘-i Chughta’i, 1928. 23 x 16 cm. (Reproduced with kind permission of Arif Rahman Chughtai © Chughtai Museum Trust, Lahore.) 135 8.5 Abdur Rahman Chughtai, The Wasted Vigil, illustration in Muraqqa‘-i Chughta’i, 1928. Watercolour on paper. Dimensions n.a. (Reproduced with kind permission of Arif Rahman Chughtai © Chughtai Museum Trust, Lahore.) 136 8.6 Abdur Rahman Chughtai, Eve of the Future, illustration in ‘Amal-i Chughta’i, 1968. Watercolour on paper. Dimensions n.a. (Reproduced with kind permission of Arif Rahman Chughtai © Chughtai Museum Trust, Lahore.) 141 Cosmopolitanisms in Muslim Contexts 8.7 Abdur Rahman Chughtai, Mourning for Baghdad, illustration in ‘Amal-i Chughta’i, 1968. Watercolour on paper. Dimensions n.a. (Reproduced with kind permission of Arif Rahman Chughtai © Chughtai Museum Trust, Lahore. 142 8.8 Abdur Rahman Chughtai, The Desert in Love, illustration in ‘Amal-i Chughta’i, 1968. Watercolour on paper. Dimensions n.a. (Reproduced with kind permission of Arif Rahman Chughtai © Chughtai Museum Trust, Lahore.) 145 8.9 Abdur Rahman Chughtai, The Story Teller, illustration in ‘Amal-i Chughta’i, 1968. Watercolour on paper. Dimensions n.a. (Reproduced with kind permission of Arif Rahman Chughtai © Chughtai Museum Trust, Lahore.) 148 — viii — Chapter 1 Introduction: Cosmopolitanisms in Muslim Contexts Derryl N. MacLean This volume of essays is based on a conference held in Vancouver, British Columbia, and sponsored by the Centre for the Comparative Study of Muslim Societies and Cultures (Simon Fraser University, Canada) and the Institute for the Study of Muslim Civilisations (Aga Khan University, United Kingdom).1 The orientation of the essays is on the typologies and contexts of Muslim or Islamicate cosmopolitanisms in the past and the possible tensions or conjunctions of these cosmopolitanisms with regional cultures, isolated enclaves, empires or modern nation-states.2 The perspectives of the past chosen for comparison are sought not in the classical cosmopolitan venues (‘Abbasids or Fatimids), but in the modern period, primarily in different sub-disciplines of history, and clustered around diverse geographic areas: the Swahili coast, Ottoman, Arab, Persianate, and Indo-Pakistan. The expectation of the editors is that the data will permit the comparison of specific cosmopolitan instances within Muslim contexts in the past and hence larger reflections on commonalities and differences. In particular, this book seeks to ask the question, is the concept of cosmopolitanism useful for the study of Muslim societies and cultures of the past? “Cosmopolitanism”,
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