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Datura and Hawkmoths: an Intoxicating Relationship

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Datura and Hawkmoths: an Intoxicating Relationship Sego Lily January 2009 32 (1) January 2009 Volume 32 Number 1 In this issue: Datura and Hawkmoths: An Intoxicating Relationship . 1 Chapter News . 2 Bulletin Board . 3 UNPS Annual Members Meeting . 4 USFWS gives Gierisch’s Globemallow Candidate Status. 5 Botanica: When Biocontrol Goes Bad . 7 Utah Plant Families: the Sumac Family (Anacardiaceae) . 8 Botanical Volunteers Needed . 10 Noteworthy Discoveries Berberis (Mahonia) fremontii . 11 Northern Utah’s Hybrid Oaks . 11 Above: “Intoxicated” hawkmoth, tentatively identified as Sphinx perelegans, on bloom of Datura wrightii. Photo by D.N. Reynolds. Datura and Hawkmoths: An Intoxicating Relationship By Douglas N. Reynolds Datura wrightii is the only member of its genus native to Utah where it naturally occurs in many of our southern counties. For three years I have been raising a plant, bought at a nursery, outside my cabin west of Cedar City in Iron County, a little above and beyond its natural range. Finally, as the summer of 2008 arrived, the plant took off, grow- ing four feet across with more than 50 developing flower buds. A few feet away in my garden from a large Desert Four O’clock, Mirabilis multiflora, I looked forward to having a major hawkmoth attraction as summer evenings ap- proached. One morning after the plant had begun to bloom, I noticed a motionless hawkmoth embedded deep within a Da- tura corolla, hours after it would usually have flown away. I thought he must have died and fished him out of the flower to take a look. I was surprised when he moved a little bit and I lay him on the edge of the bloom, took a photo, and was glad to see that he had left a few hours later. That afternoon I sent the photo to a botanist friend in Seattle. Knowing about the hallucinogenic effects of Datura on humans, I made a joke about my “stoned” hawkmoth. I was surprised when my friend responded with a few inter- net links which indicated that I was not the first to suspect an effect of Datura nectar on hawkmoth behavior. The basic story reported by a number of websites on the internet is that the moths become “Jimsonweed Junkies”, addicted to hallucinogenic alkaloids such as atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine in the [continued on page 6] Copyright 2008 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights Reserved. Utah Native Plant Society Education: Ty Harrison Sego Lily Editor: Walter Fertig Horticulture: Maggie Wolf ([email protected]). The deadline for Invasive Weeds: Susan Fitts the March 2009 Sego Lily is 15 Febru- Rare Plants: Walter Fertig ary 2009. Scholarship: Bill Gray Copyright 2008 Utah Native Plant Chapters and Chapter Presidents Society. All Rights Reserved Cache: Steve Ripple Officers Escalante (Garfield Co): Allysia Angus The Sego Lily is a publication of the President: Bill King (Salt Lake Co) Fremont (Richfield area): Ron Parsons Utah Native Plant Society, a 501(c)(3) Vice President: Walter Fertig (Kane Co) Manzanita (Kane Co): Walter Fertig not-for-profit organization dedicated Treasurer: Charlene Homan (Salt Lake Mountain (Summit Co): Mindy to conserving and promoting steward- Co) Wheeler ship of our native plants. Use of con- Secretary: Mindy Wheeler (Summit Price (Carbon Co): Mike Hubbard tent material is encouraged but re- Co) Salt Lake: Kipp Lee quires permission (except where ex- Board Chair: Dave Wallace (Cache Co) Southern (Washington Co): Margaret empted by statute) and must be cor- Malm rectly credited and cited. Articles, UNPS Board: Robert Fitts (Utah Co), Utah Valley (Utah Co): Celeste Ken- photographs and illustrations submit- Susan Fitts (Utah Co), Bill Gray (Salt nard ted to us remain the property of the Lake Co), Marie Griffiths (Salt Lake Co), submitting individuals or organiza- Ty Harrison (Salt Lake Co), Celeste Website: For late-breaking news, the tions. Submit permission requests to Kennard (Utah Co), Kipp Lee (Salt Lake UNPS store, the Sego Lily archives, [email protected]. We encourage read- Co), Margaret Malm (Washington Co), Chapter events, links to other websites ers to submit articles for potential Larry Meyer (Salt Lake Co), Therese (including sources of native plants and publication. By submitting an article, Meyer (Salt Lake Co), Jeff Mitchell the digital Utah Rare Plant Field an implicit license is granted to print (Utah Co), Leila Shultz (Cache Co), Guide), and more, go to unps.org. the article in the newsletter or other Maggie Wolf (Salt Lake Co), Loreen Many thanks to Xmission for UNPS publications for reprint without Woolstenhulme (Utah Co). sponsoring our website. permission (in print and electronic media). When submitting an article, Committees For more information on UNPS: please indicate whether it has been Communications: Larry Meyer Contact Bill King (582-0432) or Susan previously published or submitted for Conservation: Bill King and Tony Fitts (356-5108), or write to UNPS, PO consideration to other publications. Frates Box 520041, Salt Lake City, UT, 84152 -0041 or email [email protected] ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ each photo with educational and processed specimens. In Febru- Chapter News engaging information contributed ary, we are planning our second by Chapter members. Each month annual propagation workshop at Fremont (Richfield Area): At features a different theme, such as the Best Friends Greenhouse. Bill the end of this productive year for Penstemons, Native Seeds, Polli- Gray has also volunteered to give the Fremont Chapter, we look back nators, etc. We are still accepting his SW Australia slideshow at at plantings, lectures, fund raising, additional sponsors, if anyone is some point this winter or spring and public awareness events. We interested in participating, Please (see details below). By April we are especially pleased at the xeric contact janett@wildlandnursery. hope to be back outside with a plantings we established on the com to order. The calendar will fieldtrip to the Mohave Desert Sevier County Administration be available the first week in Janu- near Mesquite, NV.—W. Fertig Building grounds at the request of ary for approximately $10.00. It's our Sevier County Commission- a lovely gift for yourself or a Salt Lake: On Friday, January 16 ers. We also are pleased with the friend. Contact me at at 7PM at the Sugarhouse Garden progress of the garden at Sam [email protected] to place an Center we are having a joint meet- Stowe Campground in Fremont order. - Janet Nielson ing with the Wasatch Rock Garden State Park. We spent many hours Society. Bill Gray will present through the summer planting, rak- Manzanita (Kane Co.): We are “Southwest Australia: a Botanical ing and weeding. In late October currently planning our spring Wonderland”. The state of West- we planted wildflower seeds we events. In January (date to be an- ern Australia has about 9000 spe- had gathered. We welcome you all nounced) we will hold our first cies of plants, with a large propor- to visit the site--just check in a “herbarium night” event. Trained tion of them found nowhere else Park Headquarters before going to glue monkeys will provide hands- on earth. They are especially con- the Campground area. on instruction in the proper centrated in the SW corner, which Our latest project is a Celebrate mounting of herbarium specimens is similar in size and climate to the Wild Calendar for 2009, fea- and we will help the Grand Stair- southern California. The diversity turing exquisite photos by chapter case-Escalante NM herbarium get and level of endemism there is so members. Sidebars accompany caught up on its backlog of un- high that botanists honor it as the 2 Sego Lily January 2009 32 (1) Southwest Australia Botanical Steve Caicco, USFWS Nevada Province. Come and be intro- state office: Vulnerability of the duced to some of these truly won- Rarest Plants in the Great Basin of derful plants and learn something Nevada to Climate Change of the challenges they face in com- petition with man in all his short- Mark Miller, USGS: Post fire sightedness. — Bill Gray monitoring of the Milford Flat Fire Southern (Washington Co.): Renee Van Buren, Utah Valley Rick Heflebower, county horticul- University: Genetics of Astragalus ture extension agent, will lead a ampullarioides tree pruning workshop on Satur- day, January 10 at 10:30 AM at 50 Amy Croft, Utah State University: Bridge Street in Rockville. The Predictive Models for Rare Plant workshop is free and open to the Habitat public.—Barbara Farnsworth. Crystal Krause, Northern Arizona University: Spatial Patterns of En- Bulletin Board demic Plant Species of the Colo- rado Plateau Life member update: Patricia McQueary of St. George became Debra Crisp & Barbara Phillips, Coconino, Kaibab, and Prescott our 33rd lifetime member in De- Above: Kaiparowits milkvetch cember 2008. Thank you Patricia! (Astragalus malacoides) by Kaye National Forests: Arizona cliff- - Tony Frates Thorne. rose, an Arizona Endemic. 5th Southwest Rare On Thursday, March 20, there Plant Conference— will be a breakout session for Utah Rob Gillies, Utah Climate Center: botanists and others to review the March 16-20, 2009. The Climate Change and its Potential state list of G1-G2/T1-T2 and Utah Native Plant Society is Effects on the Southwestern USA other rare plant taxa coordinated pleased to be sponsoring the 5th by Ben Franklin and Walter Fer- Southwest Regional Rare Plant Carol Spurrier, BLM Washington tig. This session will be a first cut Conference focusing on “Changing DC office: National Landscape at developing a new UNPS state Landscapes in the Southwest” at Conservation System Lands and rare plant list. the University of Utah the week of their Importance to Preservation A field trip to Stansbury Island March 16-20, 2009. Deadline for of Rare Plants in the West is scheduled for Friday, March 21 submitting abstracts for oral pres- for those wishing to see some early entations or posters has been ex- John Spence, Glen Canyon NRA: spring flora, northern Utah style.
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