DOCSLIB.ORG

The Present Past of Vietnam: Implications of Civilian Operations and Revolutionary Development Support for Today’S “Other Wars” 87 Sandra A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Present Past of Vietnam: Implications of Civilian Operations and Revolutionary Development Support for Today’S “Other Wars” 87 Sandra A AIR UNIVERSITY AIR FORCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE Unity of Mission Civilian-Military Teams in War and Peace Edited by Jon Gundersen Melanne A. Civic Air University Press Air Force Research Institute Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama Project Editor Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dr. Ernest Allan Rockwell Unity of mission : civilian-military teams Copy Editors Sandi Davis, Carolyn Burns, and in war and peace / edited by Jon Gundersen, Tammi Dacus Melanne A. Civic. pages cm Cover Art, Book Design, and Illustrations Includes bibliographical references and index. Daniel Armstrong and L. Susan Fair ISBN 978-1-58566-247-0 (alk. paper) Composition and Prepress Production 1. Armed Forces—Civic action. 2. Civilian-military Michele D. Harrell relations. 3. Postwar reconstruction. 4. Postwar reconstruction—Afghanistan. 5. Postwar recon- Print Preparation and Distribution Diane Clark struction—Iraq. 6. Integrated operations (Military science). 7. United States—Armed Forces—Stability operations. I. Gundersen, Jon, 1945- editor. II. Civic, Melanne A., editor. III. Title: Civilian-military teams in war and peace. UH720.U55 2015 355.4’6—dc23 2015016592 AIR FORCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS Published by Air University Press in April 2016 Director and Publisher Allen G. Peck Editor in Chief Oreste M. Johnson Managing Editor Demorah Hayes Disclaimer Design and Production Manager Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed Cheryl King or implied within are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the organizations with which they are associated or the views of the Air Force Research Institute, Air University, Air University Press 155 N. Twining St., Bldg. 693 United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or any Maxwell AFB, AL 36112-6026 other US government agency. This publication is cleared [email protected] for public release and unlimited distribution. http://aupress.au.af.mil/ http://afri.au.af.mil/ AFRI Air Force Research Institute Before, during, and after combat, civilian-military cooperation is vital for the civilian population to regain its footing in order to build a stable society. Jon Gundersen and Melanne Civic have collected a series of invaluable real-life experiences, so that we don’t have to repeat the painful lessons of the past. A must read for those leaders trying to sort out how the United States will continue its goals after the shooting stops! —Ambassador Dell Dailey Lieutenant General, US Army, retired Former joint special operations commander and Department of State coordinator for counterterrorism ****** There have been innumerable studies on civil-military cooperation—or lack thereof—in complex operations. The subject, however, has not been addressed in a single volume aimed at scholars and diplomats as well as warriors. Unity of Mission does just that. The book offers unique insights by soldiers, AID workers, nongovernmental organiza- tions, and others with on the ground experience. The essays provide a rich, diverse, and candid commentary about what worked and what didn’t work. This book will be enor- mously useful for anyone assigned to a military command, an embassy, or any interna- tional mission. —Hans Binnendijk Senior fellow, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns’ Hopkins University Former vice-president, National Defense University iii Contents List of Illustrations ix List of Tables x About the Editors and Authors xi Acknowledgments xxxi Introduction: Iraq and Afghanistan and Beyond xxxiii Jon Gundersen Executive Summary xxxix Jon Gundersen PART 1 HISTORY OF CIVILIAN-MILITARY TEAMS: AMERICA’S COMING OF AGE 1 Nontraditional Missions: Civil Tasks, Military Forces, and Complex Operations 3 R. Scott Moore 2 Civilian-Military Teaming (1989–1995): An Examination of Postconflict Operations in Panama, Kuwait, and Haiti 25 Dennis Craig Barlow PART 2 THE VIETNAM WAR (1954–1975) 3 Measuring Success: Evaluating Counterinsurgency Progress in Vietnam (1966–1975) 57 Richard W. Stewart 4 An Eyewitness Account of Counterinsurgency and Civilian-Military Teams in Vietnam 67 Rufus Phillips v CONTENTS 5 The Present Past of Vietnam: Implications of Civilian Operations and Revolutionary Development Support for Today’s “Other Wars” 87 Sandra A. Scham PART 3 THE POST–9/11 WARS: IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN 6 The Origins of Provincial Reconstruction Team: Almost Present at the Creation 111 Joseph J. Collins 7 Civilian Agencies in a War Zone: Afghanistan and Iraq 115 Bernard Carreau 8 Civilian-Military Capacity-Building Teams: The View from Anbar Province (2006–2009) 133 James Soriano 9 Hope Doesn’t Live Here Anymore: An Afghan Civilian- Military Vision—One Commander’s Experience 149 Eric W. Hommel 10 How Department of Defense Spending Was Used to Resuscitate Local Business: A Select History of Civilian-Military Engagement in Iraq 173 Andrew Shaver PART 4 INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES: BEYOND AFGHANISTAN AND IRAQ 11 From Afghanistan to Africa: Civilian-Military Teaming in a Whole New World 187 Christopher Holshek 12 A Whole Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts, or If It Were Only Army Stuff, It Would Be Easy 215 Mark N. Popov vi CONTENTS 13 Peacebuilding: Germany’s Military Mission; The Soft Power Approach and Civilian-Military Teaming 237 J. D. Bindenagel 14 The Norwegian Approach to Afghanistan: Civilian-Military Segregation 263 Karsten Friis 15 So You Are Going to Be Working with the United Nations: A Few Insights on Integration 279 David C. Becker PART 5 NONGOVERNMENTAL AND OTHER PERSPECTIVES: SHARING THE SPACE 16 Civil Society Experiences of, Conflicts with, and Recommendations for Civilian-Military Teams 297 Lisa Schirch 17 Achieving Coordinated Results in Stabilization, Reconstruction, and Postwar Peacebuilding: Lessons from the US Civilian-Military Experience in Afghanistan 333 Andrea Strimling Yodsampa 18 Civilian-Military Engagement in Afghanistan: How Market-Based Approaches Enable and Enhance Counterinsurgencies 359 Joanna Buckley and Ryan Gawn PART 6 TRAINING, RESOURCING, ROLES, AND MISSIONS 19 Training the Civilian-Military Team in the Twenty-First Century 375 Omer C. Tooley vii CONTENTS 20 Civilian-Military Teaming: The When, Where and How 381 Mike McCoy 21 Learning to Negotiate Shared Space: US Civilian-Military Roles in Unsecured Environments 391 Marcia Byrom Hartwell PART 7 PREPARING FOR THE FUTURE 22 Developing Intelligence Capabilities for Counterinsurgency and Stabilization: Learning from the US Experience with Sociocultural Analysis in Iraq and Afghanistan 407 Nathan White 23 The Provincial Reconstruction Team Experience in Iraq: A Case Study for Improving Integration in Stabilization and Reconstruction Operations 449 Stuart W. Bowen, Jr. 24 Fostering Effective Civilian-Military Integration: The Need or a Standardized, Field-Based Stabilization Methodology 461 Jason S. Alexander, James W. Derleth, and Sloan Mann 25 A Civilian Center of Excellence as a Mechanism for Civilian-Military Coordination 485 James Kunder 26 What Is the Way Ahead for Rigorous Research on Civilian-Military Teams in Complex Contingencies? 499 Christopher J. Lamb and James Douglas Orton Abbreviations 523 Bibliography 531 Index 573 viii Illustrations Figures 4.1 Editor Jon Gundersen, as a young military advisory team member in Vietnam 69 7.1 Civilian-military team command structure in Afghanistan 121 7.2 Root causes of insurgency 125 8.1 Anbar Province, Iraq 136 8.2 The author with Anbar Governor Ma’amoun Sami Rasheed and Sheikh Ahmed Abu Risha, head of the Anbar Awakening, October 2007 143 11.1 UNMIL CIMIC civilian-military transition management process 202 11.2 The Armed Force of Liberia’s first Bailey bridge launch in December 2008 209 11.3 The Liberian project manager of a youth agricultural training farm explains the pilot project to the author and staff officers of the resident Bangladesh peacekeeping battalion 210 11.4 What’s wrong with this picture? 210 11.5 What’s right with this picture? 211 12.1 Afghan National Security Forces— primary organizations 218 12.2 The DDCT, December 2009 219 16.1 Humanitarian principles 300 17.1 Model of coordination 353 22.1 US civilian-military chains of command in Afghanistan 416 24.1 PRT lines of authority 467 24.2 Structure of US mission, showing position of CORDS: May 1967 468 24.3 The District Stability Framework in four phases 473 ix Tables 16.1 Comparison of CSO and military goals 304 16.2 Spectrum of civil society–military coordination 306 17.1 Types of coordinated results 338 17.2 Interorganizational and intraorganizational factors 341 20.1 Conflict stages align with diplomacy and military phases 386 26.1 Six types of cross-functional teams 503 26.2 Ten core variables (and subvariables) affecting civilian-military team effectiveness 505 x About the Editors and Authors Editors Melanne Civic is a US attorney, focusing on rule of law, transi- tional justice, security-sector reform, and international human rights. She presently is the director of the justice, corrections, and security- sector reform components for United Nations Mission in Liberia as the principal rule of law officer in the Office of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary General for Rule of Law. For nearly a decade, Ms. Civic served as the senior rule of law ad- visor to the US secretary of state’s Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization (S/CRS) and its successor Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations. She facilitated complex negotiations to form the Civilian Response Corps, a US interagency expeditionary
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Picking the Vice President
    Picking the Vice President Elaine C. Kamarck Brookings Institution Press Washington, D.C. Contents Introduction 4 1 The Balancing Model 6 The Vice Presidency as an “Arranged Marriage” 2 Breaking the Mold 14 From Arranged Marriages to Love Matches 3 The Partnership Model in Action 20 Al Gore Dick Cheney Joe Biden 4 Conclusion 33 Copyright 36 Introduction Throughout history, the vice president has been a pretty forlorn character, not unlike the fictional vice president Julia Louis-Dreyfus plays in the HBO seriesVEEP . In the first episode, Vice President Selina Meyer keeps asking her secretary whether the president has called. He hasn’t. She then walks into a U.S. senator’s office and asks of her old colleague, “What have I been missing here?” Without looking up from her computer, the senator responds, “Power.” Until recently, vice presidents were not very interesting nor was the relationship between presidents and their vice presidents very consequential—and for good reason. Historically, vice presidents have been understudies, have often been disliked or even despised by the president they served, and have been used by political parties, derided by journalists, and ridiculed by the public. The job of vice president has been so peripheral that VPs themselves have even made fun of the office. That’s because from the beginning of the nineteenth century until the last decade of the twentieth century, most vice presidents were chosen to “balance” the ticket. The balance in question could be geographic—a northern presidential candidate like John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts picked a southerner like Lyndon B.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ukrainian Weekly 1993
    1NS1DE: ^ 60 years of The Ukrainian Weekly: an anniversary review - special section beginning on page 5. ^ Exhibit of Trypillian culture to open in New York - page 4. ,L ,– THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY Published by the Ukrainian National Association inc., a fraternal non-profit association vol. LXI No. 41 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, OCTOBER IO, 1993 50 cents Wary of "political games," Morozov Clinton signs foreign aid bill involved in local border and ethnic dis– requests dismissal from defense post S300 million to be putes. Reports have ranged from the available for Ukraine Russian military supporting separatist by Marta Kolomayets elements in Georgia, to their involvement Kyyiv Press Bureau WASHINGTON (UNAW) - in combat in Moldova and Tajikistan." 7 He then quoted from a letter he had KYYFv - President Leonid Kravchuk President Bill Clinton signed H.R. 2295, received from Georgian President Eduard relieved Ukraine's defense minister, Gen. the foreign assistance appropriations act Shevardnadze who wrote that Georgia's Kostyantyn Morozov, of his duties on into law as Public Law 103-87, on September 30. Containing almost S13 future is in danger because Russian Monday morning, October 4. billion for bilateral and multilateral for– troops are "engineering a disaster." The dismissal came at Gen. Morozov's eign assistance, the act appropriates S2.5 The Kentucky senator concluded: own request, who said he does not want billion of assistance for the new indepen– "what we are saying by this amendment his army to be dragged into any "political dent states (N1S) of the former Soviet is our assistance to Russia is conditioned games." Although general has been Union.
    [Show full text]
  • (His) Biography (Our) Destiny?
    November 4, 2007 Is (His) Biography (Our) Destiny? By JAMES TRAUB “If I am the face of American foreign policy and American power,” Barack Obama mused not long ago aboard his campaign plane, “as long as we are also making prudent strategic decisions, handling emergencies, crises and opportunities in the world in an intelligent and sober way. .” He stopped. He wanted to make sure he got this just right, and he had got a little caught up in rebutting the claim, which Hillary Clinton has artfully advanced, that he is not prepared to handle emergencies. Obama stopped picking at his grilled salmon in order to stare out at the sky for a few moments. “I think,” he said, in that deep and measured voice of his, “that if you can tell people, ‘We have a president in the White House who still has a grandmother living in a hut on the shores of Lake Victoria and has a sister who’s half-Indonesian, married to a Chinese-Canadian,’ then they’re going to think that he may have a better sense of what’s going on in our lives and in our country. And they’d be right.” Perhaps they would. Obama’s supporters believe that his life story and the angle of vision it affords him hold out the possibility of curing the harm they would say we have done to ourselves through our indifference to the views of others and through the insularity of a president who seems so incurious about the world. There is thus an emblematic force to Obama’s candidacy.
    [Show full text]
  • Gundersen, Was Born in 1915, in Revesand, a Small Fishing Village on the Southeast Coast of Norway
    The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Department JON GUNDERSEN Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: April 17, 2012 Copyright 2013 A ST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born and raised in New ork George Washington University% Stanford University% University of Oslo International School US Army, (ietnam )196,-1969. Comments on (ietnam War Work in Norway 0uantico, (irginia 1969-1911 Sky 2arshal 3rogram Operations Foreign Travel Entered the Foreign Service 1913 E6amination State Department7 8iaison Officer, Soviet E6change Group 1913 Soviet outh E6hibit Operations Accompanying Soviet tour groups Oslo, Norway7 Consular Officer 1913-1915 Ambassador Tom Byrne Ambassador William Anders Communist 3arty members (isas Relations with Soviets Relations Soviet submarines Sweden Germany Nansen Environment 1 8ocal staff 8abor movement Anti-US elements Economy State Department7 Watch Officer, Operations Center 1915-191, Jerry Bremer Operations Environment Stanford University7 Soviet studies/Arms Control 191,-1919 Studies Environment Hoover Institute 3rofessor Barton Bernstein Soviet Union future Soviet ethnic and nationality groups State Department7 Foreign Service Institute )FSI.% Russian 1919-19,0 language training 2oscow, Soviet Union7 3ress and 3ublications Officer 19,0-19,1 2urray Feshbach Narodnoe Khozyaistva (3eoples Almanac) Operations Surveillance and entrapment Environment Ethnicity Embassy reporting Dissidents Ambassador 2alcolm Toon Ambassador Jack 2atlock Ambassador Tom Watson
    [Show full text]
  • U.S.-UN RELATIONS (With Policy Recommendations)
    U.S.-UN RELATIONS (with Policy Recommendations) JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR. JOHN R. BOLTON LAWRENCE S. FINKELSTEIN SHEPARD FORMAN FEREYDOUN HOVEYDA WILLIAM VANDEN HEUVEL EDWARD C. LUCK WILLIAM H. LUERS BENJAMIN RIVLIN STEPHEN SCHLESINGER NANCY SODERBERG THOMAS G. WEISS Foreword by DONALD BLINKEN AND GEORGE D. SCHWAB NEW YORK, AUGUST 2006 Our Mission The National Committee on American Foreign Policy was founded in 1974 by Professor Hans J. Morgenthau and others. It is a nonprofit activist organization dedicated to the resolution of conflicts that threaten U.S. interests. Toward that end, the National Committee identifies, articulates, and helps advance American foreign policy interests from a nonpartisan perspective within the framework of political realism. American foreign policy interests include preserving and strengthening national security; supporting countries committed to the values and the practice of political, religious, and cultural pluralism; improving U.S. relations with the developed and developing worlds; advancing human rights; encouraging realistic arms-control agreements; curbing the proliferation of nuclear and other unconventional weapons; promoting an open and global economy. Believing that an informed public is vital to a democratic society, the National Committee offers educational programs that address security challenges facing the United States and publishes a variety of publications, including its bimonthly journal, American Foreign Policy Interests, that present keen analyses of all aspects of American foreign policy. Q Contents Acknowledgment . 2 by George D. Schwab Foreword . 3 by Donald Blinken and George D. Schwab Introduction: How Does the UN System Fit into American Foreign Policy Interests? . 5 by Benjamin Rivlin No More Business as Usual . 7 by John R.
    [Show full text]
  • At the World's Summit
    At the World’s Summit: How Will Leading Nations Lead? June 2009 James Traub James Traub is a contributing writer for The New York Times Magazine and director of policy for the Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect. He has written four books, including The Best Intentions: Kofi Annan and the UN in the Era of American World Power and, most recently, The Freedom Agenda: Why America Must Spread Democracy (Just Not the Way George Bush Did). The implosion of the European system of alliances the losers, Germany and Japan, as well as such rising which produced World War I convinced the statesmen powers as India and Brazil. Yet an alliance of incum- of that era that global security had to be governed by a bents and second-tier powers has defeated all attempts new system, embodied in a new institution—the at change. League of Nations. The subsequent calamities of the Great Depression and pitiful failure of the league to And so a political handicapper would insist that the deter the Axis powers prompted another round of central issue is not, “Which institutions most need anguished introspection and a new generation of insti- reform?” but rather, “Where have the pressures for tutions—the United Nations, the International change become irresistible?” By this calculus the Monetary Fund (IMF), The World Bank, and The membership of the G-8, and the alignment of power World Trade Organization. Now, sixty years later, we in the IMF and The World Bank, is far likelier to stand, or so it is widely said, at the threshold of change than the UNSC.
    [Show full text]
  • The Foreign Service Journal, September 1998
    ^ $3.50 /SEPTEMBER 1998 <ORF1C,NS)F,KVTCF, JOURNAL TI-IE MAGAZINE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS PROFESSIONALS SOLDIERS AND DIPLOMATS They Have to Work Together—Can They? Affordable Luxury If you are relocating, a business traveler or need temporary housing, we offer furnished apartments with all of the comforts of home. AVALON CORPORATE APARTMENT HOMES ARE A MORE SENSIBLE AND AFFORDABLE ALTERNATIVE TO A HOTEL ROOM. • Located minutes from • 2 miles from NFATC Pentagon, Washington, DC and National Airport. • Controlled access entry throughout building. • Luxurious one and two bedroom apartments • Our amenity package completely furnished and includes: outdoor pool, accessorized with fully and spacious Nautilus equipped gourmet fitness center. kitchens and washers and dryers. • Minutes from Ballston Metro. • Free cable TV. • Free underground parking. • Within walking distance of department stores, • Cats welcome. specialty shops and Washington Towers restaurants. • 5p.m. check-in time. • Washington Towers is • 30-day minimum stay. adjacent to bike/jogging trail. Sh. Avalon at Ballston No matter which Avalon location you choose, you will be impressed! Washington Towers 4650 N. Washington Blvd., Arlington, VA 22201 703-527-4409 or Fax 703-516-4369 Quincy Towers 1001 North Randolph St., Arlington, VA 22201 703-528-4600 or Fax 703-527-2356 Vermont Towers 1001 North Vermont St., Arlington, VA 22201 703-522-5550 or Fax 703-527-8731 Dar Es Salaam and Nairobi August 7, 1998 SADLY, AGAIN, IT IS A TRAGEDY SUCH AS THIS WHICH REMINDS US OF THE UNSELFISK SACRIFICES OF THOSE WHO CONTINUE SERVING OUR COUNT|Y ABROAD, DESPITE THE MANY DANGERS AND- RISKS TO THEIR LIVES.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Black Homeowners Are More Likely to Be
    GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works Faculty Scholarship 2016 Why Black Homeowners are More Likely to Be Caribbean- American than African-American in New York: A Theory of How Early West Indian Migrants Broke Racial Cartels in Housing Eleanor Marie Brown George Washington University Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.gwu.edu/faculty_publications Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Brown, Eleanor Marie, Why Black Homeowners are More Likely to Be Caribbean-American than African- American in New York: A Theory of How Early West Indian Migrants Broke Racial Cartels in Housing (June 23, 2016). GWU Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2016-23; GWU Law School Public Law Research Paper No. 2016-23. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2799698 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WHY BLACK HOMEOWNERS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE CARIBBEAN- AMERICAN THAN AFRICAN AMERICAN IN NEW YORK: A THEORY OF HOW EARLY WEST INDIAN MIGRANTS BROKE RACIAL CARTELS IN HOUSING ELEANOR MARIE LAWRENCE BROWN* ABSTRACT Why are the black brownstone owners in Harlem and Brooklyn disproportionately West Indian? The landlords, West Indian-American? The tenants African-American? These are tough questions. For students of housing discrimination, West Indian Americans have long presented a quandary. If it is reasonable to assume that racial exclusions are being consistently applied to persons who are dark-skinned, one would expect to find that housing discrimination has had similar effects on West Indian- Americans and African-Americans.
    [Show full text]
  • State 1993-12: Iss
    =5 LETTERS State (ISSN 0278-1859) (formerly the Depart¬ ment of State Newsletter) is published by the U.S. Too generous? Senior women Department of State to acquaint its employees, at home and abroad, with developments that may Anderson, S.C. Mexico City affect operations or personnel. There are 11 month¬ ly issues (none in July). Dear Editor: Dear Editor: Deadline for submitting material is in the first Thank you for printing my letter in The October issue contains an article week of each month. Contributions (consisting of general information, feature articles, poems, photo¬ the May issue concerning the high number on Senior Foreign Service women. I com¬ graphs, drawings) are welcome. Double-space, spell¬ of Department employees who receive mend State for including this article. ing out job titles, names of offices and programs— monetary awards for outstanding service, The introduction states that the au¬ acronyms are not acceptable. Send contributions and the follow-up letter by Christine thor “has been tracking this subject for (anonymous submissions will not be published) to State magazine, PER/ER/SMG, SA-6, Room 433, Shurtleff, in the July-August issue, which some time.” Nevertheless, a bit more time Washington, D.C. 20522-0602. Telephone: (703) really put this out-of-control program into should have been spent researching the 516-1667. Fax: (703) 812-2475. Contributions may perspective. titles of these women. also be dropped off in Room 3811 Main State. The October 25 issue of U.S. News For example, the titles of the two Although intended for internal communication. State is available to the public through the Superin¬ and World Report contains an article on senior women in Embassy Mexico City tendent of Documents, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • City College in the Popular Imagination Philip Kay Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of
    ‘Guttersnipes’ and ‘Eliterates’: City College in the Popular Imagination Philip Kay Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK 2011 © 2011 Philip Kay All rights reserved (This page intentionally left blank) ABSTRACT ‘Guttersnipes’ and ‘Eliterates’: City College in the Popular Imagination Philip Kay Young people go to college not merely to equip themselves for competition in the workplace, but also to construct new identities and find a home in the world. This dissertation shows how, in the midst of wrenching social change, communities, too, use colleges in their struggle to reinvent and re-situate themselves in relation to other groups. As a case study of this symbolic process I focus on the City College of New York, the world’s first tuition-free, publicly funded municipal college, erstwhile “Harvard of the Poor,” and birthplace of affirmative action programs and “Open Admissions” in higher education. I examine five key moments between 1940 and 2000 when the college dominated the headlines and draw on journalistic accounts, memoirs, guidebooks, fiction, poetry, drama, songs, and interviews with former students and faculty to chart the institution’s emergence as a cultural icon, a lightning rod, and the perennial focus of public controversy. In each instance a variety of actors from the Catholic Church to the New York Post mobilized popular perceptions in order to alternately shore up and erode support for City College and, in so doing, worked to reconfigure the larger New York public.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eagle and the Trident: U.S.-Ukraine Relations in Turbulent
    CHAPTER 1 Establishing Relations n the eve ning of December 1, 1991, Larry Napper, one of the OState Department’s foremost Soviet experts and destined to be the last director of its Office of Soviet Union Affairs, walked the streets of Kyiv. He had accompanied Assistant Secretary of State for Eu ro- pean affairs Thomas M. T. Niles to observe the in depen dence referen- dum that the Ukrainians had held earlier that day. The results of the vote streamed in, and they sent a resounding message. In the end, with a large turnout, more than 90 percent of the voters had opted for an in de pen dent state. Inde pen dence won even in Crimea, garnering 54 percent of the vote in the only part of Ukraine where ethnic Rus sians constituted a majority of the population. As Napper tracked the incom- ing vote tally and watched the reaction of Ukrainians in the capital, he quietly admired their inspirational act of self- determination and thought to himself: “It’s clear; the jig is up for the Soviet Union.” Washington now had to prepare urgently for the final collapse of its Cold War rival and the emergence of the New In de pen dent States, including Ukraine. And, after that happened, the U.S. government needed to get about the business of establishing a relationship with the new nation. 9 10 The Eagle and the Trident Ukraine’s Long and Complex History At its height in the early eleventh century, Kyivan Rus’ was the largest state in Eu rope.
    [Show full text]
  • Ukraine Lives! 8
    raine ives! In commemoration of the 10th anniversary of the proclamation of Ukraine's independence The Ukrainian Weekly Parsippany, N.J. © 2002 The Ukrainian Weekly 2200 Route 10 P.O. Box 280 Parsippany, N.J. 07054 Compiled by the editors of The Ukrainian Weekly Design/layout: Serge Polishchuk Cover photo: Efrem Lukatsky Photos: Roman Woronowycz, Marta Kolomayets, Chrystyna Lapychak, Roma Hadzewycz Typesetting: Awilda Rolon Production: Markian Rybak Administration: Walter Honcharyk Contents Ukraine lives! 8 Timeline 10 FROM PEREBUDOVA TO INDEPENDENCE Herald editors renew Ukrainian Helsinki Group 22 Helsinki Accords monitors in Ukraine confirm their membership in group 23 Outspoken Ukrainian artists describe effect of reforms on Ukraine's cultural life 25 Official program honors Shevchenko, upstaging unofficial cultural protest 35 Non-Russian national rights activists form Committee of Patriotic Movements 37 Democratic Front to Promote Perestroika formed in Ukraine 41 Lviv authorities crack down on public meetings 44 "Fortunate are those who remain steadfast through God's trials" 46 Multitudes in Lviv mark November 1 Act in historic vigil at Yaniv Cemetery 47 U.S., Soviet officials address human rights in Moscow talks 48 Mass meeting in Kiev focuses on ecological issues, political situation 51 Initiative group seeks renewal of Ukrainian Orthodox Church 54 Ukrainian Memorial Society confronts vestiges of Stalinism in Ukraine 58 Thousands gather at Kiev area site of mass murders by Stalin's NKVD 63 Ukrainian faithful in Moscow raise Catholic
    [Show full text]