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Final Report Arcadian Renewable Energy System DSE Group 23 Delft University of Technology Page Intentionally Left Blank Final Report Arcadian Renewable Energy System Final Report Arcadian Renewable Energy System DSE Group 23 Delft University of Technology Page intentionally left blank Final Report Arcadian Renewable Energy System by DSE Group 23 Tutor: Dr.-Ing. R. Schmehl Coaches: Prof. Dr. D. A. von Terzi Dr. B. V. S. Jyoti C. Belo Gomes Brito, MSc. Students: F. Corte Vargas 4674529 M. Géczi 4650379 S. Heidweiller 4476468 M. Kempers 4542509 B. J. Klootwijk 4551516 F. van Marion 4664965 D. Mordasov 4658760 L. H. Ouroumova 4681797 E. N. Terwindt 4543548 D. Witte 4670302 Delft University of Technology Faculty of Aerospace Engineering June 30, 2020 Acknowledgements ”When something is important enough, you do it even if the odds are not in your favor.” Elon Musk First and foremost, we would like to express our sincere gratitude towards our tutor and coaches: Roland Schmehl, Dominic von Terzi, Botchu Jyoti and Camila Brito. Their guidance and involvement in every step of the design synthesis exercise have allowed us to accomplish this final report. We would also like to show our great appreciation to the OSSC, the organising committee, who has faced an enormous challenge to facilitate this year’s DSE during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their outstanding organi- sational efforts have definitely contributed to the achievement of this project. We are also very grateful for the assistance given by the teaching assistants. With their experience, they have provided us with valuable advice on project management and systems engineering. We would also like to extend our gratitude to all the experts who were keen to offer their expertise whenever we needed advice on technical matters outside of our own field of competence. Last but not least, our thanks go to our animal companions, who have provided emotional support and helped us recover our energy at the end of the strenuous working days. Thank you to our dogs Vajtík, Jax and Sushi, our cats Zsizsi and Gatto, and our fish Elvis, Paris and Touchy. ii Contents Executive Overview vii 1 Introduction 1 2 Market Analysis 2 2.1 Key Partners . 2 2.2 Market . 2 2.3 Business Model and SWOT. 4 2.4 Financials . 5 2.5 Future of the system. 6 3 Sustainability Approach 7 3.1 Environmental Sustainability . 7 3.2 Social Responsibility . 7 3.3 Financial Sustainability . 8 4 Technical Risk Management 9 5 Project Objectives and Requirements 11 5.1 Project Objectives . 11 5.2 Requirements . 11 6 Functional Analysis 14 7 System Architecture and Interfaces 18 7.1 Diagram of the System Architecture . 18 7.2 Summary of the Subsystem Design . 19 8 Operations and Logistics 21 8.1 Mission Configuration and Site Characteristics . 21 8.2 Launching Procedures . 23 8.3 Payload Integration . 24 8.4 Landing and Set-Up . 25 8.5 System Operations . 26 9 System Performance Analysis 31 9.1 Model Description . 31 9.2 Model Inputs and Task Execution. 34 9.3 Results and System Sensitivity Analysis . 36 9.4 Verification and Validation. 41 9.5 Conclusion and Recommendations. 42 10 Power Management and Distribution System Design 43 10.1 Requirements . 43 10.2 Trade-off Summary . 43 10.3 System Architecture and Interfaces . 43 10.4 Subsystem Sizing . 44 10.5 Cost Breakdown . 47 10.6 Subsystem Design Results . 47 10.7 Risk Assessment . 48 10.8 Sustainability and Retirement. 49 10.9 Requirement Compliance and Sensitivity Analysis . 49 10.10 Recommendations . 50 11 Primary Energy System Design 52 11.1 Requirements . 52 11.2 Trade-off Summary . 52 11.3 Wind Resource . 52 11.4 System Architecture and Interfaces . 54 11.5 AWE System Model . 55 11.6 AWE System Sizing . 60 11.7 Material and Structural Characteristics . 65 iii iv Contents 11.8 Cost Breakdown . 66 11.9 Model Verification and Validation . 68 11.10 Risk Assessment . 70 11.11 Sustainability and Retirement. 73 11.12 Requirements Compliance and Sensitivity Analysis . 73 11.13 Recommendations . 75 12 Secondary Energy System Design 76 12.1 Requirements . 76 12.2 Trade-off Summary . 76 12.3 Solar Resource . 76 12.4 Optimising Secondary Energy System for Mars . 77 12.5 Subsystem Sizing . 79 12.6 System Architecture and Interfaces . 80 12.7 Cost Breakdown . 80 12.8 Risk Assessment . 81 12.9 Sustainability and Retirement. 83 12.10 Requirement Compliance and Sensitivity . 84 12.11 Recommendations . 84 13 Storage System Design 85 13.1 Requirements . 85 13.2 Trade-off Summary . 85 13.3 System Architecture and Interfaces . 85 13.4 CAES Design Approach and Sizing . 86 13.5 Battery Design Approach and Sizing . 92 13.6 Subsystem Design Results . 94 13.7 Cost Breakdown . 95 13.8 Risk Assessment . 95 13.9 Sustainability and Retirement. 97 13.10 Requirement Compliance and Sensitivity Analysis . 97 13.11 Recommendations . 98 14 Data and Communication Handling 100 15 Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety 101 15.1 Reliability and Availability . 101 15.2 Maintainability . 102 15.3 Safety . 103 16 Budget Analysis and Resource Allocation 105 16.1 Budget Analysis . 105 16.2 Resource Allocation . 105 17 LCA of the Primary Energy System 108 17.1 Goal and Scope . 108 17.2 Inventory Analysis and Impact Assessment . 108 17.3 Interpretation & Next Steps . 109 18 System Verification and Validation 111 18.1 Model Verification and Validation . ..
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