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The Celtic Encyclopedia, Volume II
7+( &(/7,& (1&<&/23(',$ 92/80( ,, . T H E C E L T I C E N C Y C L O P E D I A © HARRY MOUNTAIN VOLUME II UPUBLISH.COM 1998 Parkland, Florida, USA The Celtic Encyclopedia © 1997 Harry Mountain Individuals are encouraged to use the information in this book for discussion and scholarly research. The contents may be stored electronically or in hardcopy. However, the contents of this book may not be republished or redistributed in any form or format without the prior written permission of Harry Mountain. This is version 1.0 (1998) It is advisable to keep proof of purchase for future use. Harry Mountain can be reached via e-mail: [email protected] postal: Harry Mountain Apartado 2021, 3810 Aveiro, PORTUGAL Internet: http://www.CeltSite.com UPUBLISH.COM 1998 UPUBLISH.COM is a division of Dissertation.com ISBN: 1-58112-889-4 (set) ISBN: 1-58112-890-8 (vol. I) ISBN: 1-58112-891-6 (vol. II) ISBN: 1-58112-892-4 (vol. III) ISBN: 1-58112-893-2 (vol. IV) ISBN: 1-58112-894-0 (vol. V) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mountain, Harry, 1947– The Celtic encyclopedia / Harry Mountain. – Version 1.0 p. 1392 cm. Includes bibliographical references ISBN 1-58112-889-4 (set). -– ISBN 1-58112-890-8 (v. 1). -- ISBN 1-58112-891-6 (v. 2). –- ISBN 1-58112-892-4 (v. 3). –- ISBN 1-58112-893-2 (v. 4). –- ISBN 1-58112-894-0 (v. 5). Celts—Encyclopedias. I. Title. D70.M67 1998-06-28 909’.04916—dc21 98-20788 CIP The Celtic Encyclopedia is dedicated to Rosemary who made all things possible . -
Honour and Early Irish Society: a Study of the Táin Bó Cúalnge
Honour and Early Irish Society: a Study of the Táin Bó Cúalnge David Noel Wilson, B.A. Hon., Grad. Dip. Data Processing, Grad. Dip. History. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Masters of Arts (with Advanced Seminars component) in the Department of History, Faculty of Arts, University of Melbourne. July, 2004 © David N. Wilson 1 Abstract David Noel Wilson, Honour and Early Irish Society: a Study of the Táin Bó Cúalnge. This is a study of an early Irish heroic tale, the Táin Bó Cúailnge (The Cattle Raid of the Cooley). It examines the role and function of honour, both within the tale and within the society that produced the text. Its demonstrates how the pursuit of honour has influenced both the theme and structure of the Táin . Questions about honour and about the resolution of conflicting obligations form the subject matter of many of the heroic tales. The rewards and punishments of honour and shame are the primary mechanism of social control in societies without organised instruments of social coercion, such as a police force: these societies can be defined as being ‘honour-based’. Early Ireland was an honour- based society. This study proposes that, in honour-based societies, to act honourably was to act with ‘appropriate and balanced reciprocity’. Applying this understanding to the analysis of the Táin suggests a new approach to the reading the tale. This approach explains how the seemingly repetitive accounts of Cú Chulainn in single combat, which some scholars have found wearisome, serve to maximise his honour as a warrior in the eyes of the audience of the tale. -
Nostalgia and the Irish Fairy Landscape
The land of heart’s desire: Nostalgia and the Irish fairy landscape Hannah Claire Irwin BA (Media and Cultural Studies), B. Media (Hons 1) Macquarie University This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Media and Cultural Studies. Faculty of Arts, Department of Media, Music, Communication and Cultural Studies, Macquarie University, Sydney August 2017 2 Table of Contents Figures Index 6 Abstract 7 Author Declaration 8 Acknowledgments 9 Introduction: Out of this dull world 1.1 Introduction 11 1.2 The research problem and current research 12 1.3 The current field 13 1.4 Objective and methodology 14 1.5 Defining major terms 15 1.6 Structure of research 17 Chapter One - Literature Review: Hungry thirsty roots 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 Early collections (pre-1880) 21 2.3 The Irish Literary Revival (1880-1920) 24 2.4 Movement from ethnography to analysis (1920-1990) 31 2.5 The ‘new fairylore’ (post-1990) 33 2.6 Conclusion 37 Chapter Two - Theory: In a place apart 3.1 Introduction 38 3.2 Nostalgia 39 3.3 The Irish fairy landscape 43 3 3.4 Space and place 49 3.5 Power 54 3.6 Conclusion 58 Chapter Three - Nationalism: Green jacket, red cap 4.1 Introduction 59 4.2 Nationalism and the power of place 60 4.3 The wearing of the green: Evoking nostalgia for Éire 63 4.4 The National Leprechaun Museum 67 4.5 The Last Leprechauns of Ireland 74 4.6 Critique 81 4.7 Conclusion 89 Chapter Four - Heritage: Up the airy mountain 5.1 Introduction 93 5.2 Heritage and the conservation of place 94 5.3 Discovering Ireland the ‘timeless’: Heritage -
Espelhos Distorcidos: O Romance at Swim- Two-Birds De Flann O'brien E a Tradição Literária Irlandesa
Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Letras Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas Paweł Hejmanowski Espelhos Distorcidos: o Romance At Swim- Two-Birds de Flann O'Brien e a Tradição Literária Irlandesa Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura para obtenção do título de Doutor, elaborada sob orientação da Profa. Dra. Cristina Stevens. Brasília 2011 IN MEMORIAM PROFESSOR ANDRZEJ KOPCEWICZ 2 Agradeço a minha colega Professora Doutora Cristina Stevens. A conclusão do presente estudo não teria sido possível sem sua gentileza e generosidade. 3 RESUMO Esta tese tem como objeto de análise o romance At Swim-Two-Birds (1939) do escritor irlandês Flann O’Brien (1911-1966). O romance pode ser visto, na perspectiva de hoje, como uma das primeiras tentativas de se implementar a poética de ficção autoconsciente e metaficção na literatura ocidental. Publicado na véspera da 2ª Guerra, o livro caiu no esquecimento até ser re-editado em 1960. A partir dessa data, At Swim-Two-Birds foi adquirindo uma reputação cult entre leitores e despertando o interesse crítico. Ao lançar mão do conceito mise en abyme de André Gide, o presente estudo procura mapear os textos dos quais At Swim-Two-Birds se apropria para refletí-los de forma distorcida dentro de sua própria narrativa. Estes textos vão desde narrativas míticas e históricas, passam pela poesia medieval e vão até os meados do século XX. Palavras-chave: Intertextualidade, Mis en abyme, Literatura e História, Romance Irlandês do séc. XX, Flann O’Brien. ABSTRACT The present thesis analyzes At Swim-Two-Birds, the first novel of the Irish author Flann O´Brien (1911-1966). -
CELTIC MYTHOLOGY Ii
i CELTIC MYTHOLOGY ii OTHER TITLES BY PHILIP FREEMAN The World of Saint Patrick iii ✦ CELTIC MYTHOLOGY Tales of Gods, Goddesses, and Heroes PHILIP FREEMAN 1 iv 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Philip Freeman 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. CIP data is on file at the Library of Congress ISBN 978–0–19–046047–1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America v CONTENTS Introduction: Who Were the Celts? ix Pronunciation Guide xvii 1. The Earliest Celtic Gods 1 2. The Book of Invasions 14 3. The Wooing of Étaín 29 4. Cú Chulainn and the Táin Bó Cuailnge 46 The Discovery of the Táin 47 The Conception of Conchobar 48 The Curse of Macha 50 The Exile of the Sons of Uisliu 52 The Birth of Cú Chulainn 57 The Boyhood Deeds of Cú Chulainn 61 The Wooing of Emer 71 The Death of Aife’s Only Son 75 The Táin Begins 77 Single Combat 82 Cú Chulainn and Ferdia 86 The Final Battle 89 vi vi | Contents 5. -
Fionn: Defence of Ráth Bládhma
Fionn: Defence of Ráth Bládhma Also by Brian O‟Sullivan The Beara Trilogy: Beara: Dark Legends Beara: The Cry of the Banshee (forthcoming) The Fionn mac Cumhal Series: Defence of Ráth Bládhma Short Story Collections The Irish Muse and Other Stories Fionn: Defence of Ráth Bládhma The Fionn mac Cumhal Series - Book One BRIAN O’SULLIVAN IrishImbas Books Copyright © 2013 by Brian O’Sullivan All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced electronically or in print without written permission, except in the case of brief quotation embedded in the review. This is a work of fiction. Names, characters and incidents are products of the author‟s imagination or are used fictitiously and are not to be construed as real. Any resemblance to actual events, organizations or persons, living of dead, is entirely coincidental. ISBN: 978-0-9922545-7-5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks to Marie Elder and Susan Hutchinson-Daniel and to Marija Vilotijevic (cover image designer) Credit and thanks also to Chiaki and Nasrin (Chirinstock) for permission to use their image for the cover design. Many ancient Fenian Cycle texts were essential for the completion of this work. These included Macgnímartha Finn (The Boyhood Deeds of Fionn), Acallam na Senórach (The Colloquy of the Ancients), Tóraigheacht Dhiarmada agus Ghráinne (The Pursuit of Diarmuid and Gráinne) Aided Finn meic Chumail (The Death of Finn Mac Cumaill) and many more. Foreword: This book and its characters are based on oral and written narratives from the Fenian Cycle and in particular from the Macgnímartha Finn (The Boyhood Deeds of Fionn). -
Transactions of the Ossianic Society
m:U;^- ^^ms-jt CÍAmM'i4L I. t.5 f^^ : TRANSACTIONS THE OSSIANIC SOCIETY, FOR THE YEAR 1853. VOL. I. BATTLE OF GABHRA. DUBLIN PRINTED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE COUNCIL, FOR THE USK OF THE M KM BKRS. 1854. : BATTLE OF GABHRA: GARRISTOWN IN THE COUNTY OF DUBLIN, FOUGHT A.D. 283. FOE THE FIRST TIME EDITED, FROM AN ORIGINAL IRISH MANUSCRIPT, WITH INTRODDCTION, LITERAl. TRANSLATION, AND NOTES, BY NICHOLAS O'KEARNEY. DUBLIN PRINTED FOR THE OSSIANIC SOCIETY, By JOHN O'DALY, 9, ANGLESEY-STREET. 1853. PUBLICATIONS OF THIS SOCIETY ARE NOT SOLD ; TO MEMBERS. — ; REPORT. On the l"th day of March, 1853, a few individuals, interested in the pre- servation and j)ublication_ofjrish Manuscripts, met at No. 9, Anglesey-street, for the express purpose of forming a Society whose object should be the pub- lication of Fenian poems, tales, and romances, illustrative of the Fenian period of Irish histqrxj_in the Irish language and character, with literal transla- subsequent tionsand notes explanatory of the text, whenpracticable : and at a meeting, held on the 9th of May following, the Society was formed, and named the OssiANic Society, the Council to consist entirely of Irish Scholars ; when the following gentlemen were duly elected as the first Council of the Society, and the undermentioned Fenian Tracts were determined on as its first publi- cations : COUNCIL. Rev. John Clarke, R.C.C., Louth ; Euseby D. Cleaver, Esq., A.B., Del- gany; Professor Connellan, Cork; Rev. James Goodman, A.B., Skibbereen : William Hackett, Esq., ilidleton ; Rev. Patrick Lamb, P.P., Newtownhamil- ton: Professor Mac^eeny, Thurles ; Mr. -
A MAD GOD's DREAM by Donald Smith
1 A MAD GOD’S DREAM By Donald Smith Late afternoon in Edinburgh, the streets ablaze with July sunshine. It was impossible to go straight from a chill rehearsal studio to the shades of Haymarket Station, so Ciaran turned upwards round the Castle Rock. From Johnston Terrace he climbed the precipitous stairs to Castlehill and was rewarded by a panorama of the city undulating towards the Pentland Hills. What had Hugh MacDiarmid called this town - ‘a mad god’s dream’. If so the god had been drunk on nectar, on sun-drenched pleasures, on golden IPA. There was something lofty in Ciaran’s perspective. I’d better descend, he thought, before I’m tumbled. He started down the Royal Mile, sweat runnelling over his brow. This route reminded him of the day, less than a year before when he, Peter, and Madge Drummond, had met at the Scottish Storytelling Centre. Nothing had felt the same since; urged on by Madge, Peter - the Royal Lyceum Theatre’s Director - had upgraded Ciaran’s project to a full company production. Later came the mind-blowing news that it was intended for the Edinburgh International Festival - mainstage! Was that only ten months ago? For the young writer it was a revolution comparable in its effect to Joyce’s Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man or MacDiarmid’s Drunk Man Looks at a Thistle’. Which said something about Ireland and Scotland, though exactly what eluded Ciaran at that euphoric moment. This young artist had a full-scale production before he even had a fully written script. -
1 FIONN in HELL an Anonymous Early Sixteenth-Century Poem In
1 FIONN IN HELL An anonymous early sixteenth-century poem in Scots describes Fionn mac Cumhaill as having ‘dang þe devill and gart him ʒowle’ (‘struck the Devil and made him yowl’) (Fisher 1999: 36). The poem is known as ‘The Crying of Ane Play.’ Scots literature of the late medieval and early modern period often shows a garbled knowledge of Highland culture; commonly portraying Gaels and their language and traditions negatively. Martin MacGregor notes that Lowland satire of Highlanders can, ‘presuppose some degree of understanding of the language, and of attendant cultural and social practices’ (MacGregor 2007: 32). Indeed Fionn and his band of warriors, 1 collectively Na Fiantaichean or An Fhèinn0F in modern Scottish Gaelic, are mentioned a number of times in Lowland literature of the period (MacKillop 1986: 72-74). This article seeks to investigate the fate of Fionn’s soul in late medieval and early modern Gaelic literature, both Irish and Scottish. This is done only in part to consider if the yowling Devil and his encounter with Fionn from the ‘The Crying of Ane Play’ might represent something recognizable from contemporaneous Gaelic literature. Our yowling Devil acts here as something of a prompt for an investigation of Fionn’s potential salvation or damnation in a number of sixteenth-century, and earlier, Gaelic ballads. The monumental late twelfth- or early thirteenth-century (Dooley 2004) text Acallam na 2 Senórach (‘The Colloquy of the Ancients’) will also be considered here.1F Firstly, the Scots poem must be briefly investigated in order to determine its understanding of Gaelic conventions. -
MAY 2018 News for AOH Fr
MAY 2018 News for AOH Fr. Con C. Woulfe Division 1 Ulster County Bill Kearney, Editor P.O. Box 2026 Neil Murray, Columnist/Historian AOH Jean Steuding, Columnist LAOH Kingston, NY 12402 Fr. Edmund Burke, Chaplain AOH www.ulsteraoh.com Fr. John Kearney, Chaplain LAOH Jim Carey, President AOH Division 1 Patricia Clausi, President LOAH Division 5 NEXT MEETING Citizen Army and James TUESDAY Connolly. The major difference between this uniform and that of MAY 8, 2018 the Volunteers is in that hat. 7:30 PM The Citizen Army, including WHITE EAGLE HALL Padraig Pierce, wore slouch DELAWARE AVENUE hats. The Irish Volunteers KINGSTON, NY CIVILIAN CLOTHING themselves, wore hats similar to that of the British Service cap of On Easter Monday 1916, the the era with the proper Irish Cap Irish Volunteers who took part badge. In both cases, uniform in the Rising wore a variety of buttons would have been THE uniforms. The four main types adorned with a Harp, the official HISTORIAN’S CORNER were that of the Citizen Army, symbol of Ireland, and the Contributing Reporter Neil Murray the Na-Fianna-Eireann, and that initials IV, for Irish Volunteers. of simple civilian clothing. Tunic (jacket), trousers, and IRISH VOLUNTEER What might be surprising, is the puttees (wool leg wraps) would UNIFORMS OF THE most common uniform worn, have been made of green wool. EASTER RISING was simply put, civilian The cap badge and symbol even clothing. Tweed jackets, today of the Óglaigh na waistcoats, and trousers of hÉireann or Irish Defense forces black, brown, grey, or navy, is a bit complex in its origin and with or without pinstripes, is based more on symbolism would have been the most than an actual translation. -
Of the Old and Middle Irish Periods (Ca. 600-1200) Is Not Well Represented in Extant Manuscripts – Or at Least Not When Com- P
WILLIAM MAHON OLD-IRISH VERSE FRAGMENTS ATTRIBUTED TO FER MUMAN MAC ECHTAIN THE COMPOSITION OF SECULAR POETRY BY KNOWN PROFESSIONAL POETS of the Old and Middle Irish periods (ca. 600-1200) is not well represented in extant manuscripts – or at least not when com- pared to the vast amount of surviving verse in Classical Modern Irish. Much of what remains is to be found in an eclectic range of sources: annals, glossaries, legal commentaries, poetic commen- taries, and bardic tracts. Unfortunately, the nature of these sources frequently leaves us with no context for a satisfactory in- terpretation of the verse they contain. In the case of glossaries, for example, a few lines – sometimes from a larger poem – are typically included to illustrate the use of an obscure word. The same applies to bardic tracts, in which the verse simply serves to provide an example of a metrical feature. In this paper I have assembled ten verse fragments attributed to a poet of this early period, Fer Muman mac Echtain, who ap- pears to have been highly regarded by the medieval scholars who WILLIAM MAHON assembled these sources 1. Included also are two additional items (Nos. XI and XII ) which, while not attributed to Fer Muman him- self, are contained in anecdotes about him. Of Fer Muman himself we know very little indeed. His name, ‘Man of Munster’, probably indicates that he came from that province, and the personal names in two of the items, Máel Umai (see the discussion in No. VIII ) and Milchú mac Onchon (No. X) suggest a southern focus or his activities. -
Cultural Significance for Irish Composers
Estudios Irlandeses, Special Issue 12.2, 2017, pp. 47-61 __________________________________________________________________________________________ AEDEI The Ulster Cycle: Cultural Significance for Irish Composers Angela Goff Waterford Institute of Technology Copyright (c) 2017 by Angela Goff. This text may be archived and redistributed both in electronic form and in hard copy, provided that the author and journal are properly cited and no fee is charged for access. Abstract. For more than three hundred years, Irish composers have engaged with tales from early Irish saga-literature which comprises four main series: Mythological, Ulster and Fenian cycles as well as the Cycle of Kings. This literary corpus dates from 600–1200 CE and is amongst the oldest in Europe. The fragmented history of the literature reveals a continuity of tradition in that the ancient sagas evolved from the oral Irish tradition, were gradually recorded in Irish, and kept alive in modern times through translation into the English language. The timelessness and social impact of these sagas, centuries after they were documented, resonate with Irish composers through the identification of local features and/or universal themes of redemption, triumph or tragedy depicted in the literature. The focus here is on sagas from the Ulster Cycle as they have been most celebrated by Irish composers; the majority of which have been composed since Thomas Kinsella’s successful translation of the Táin Bó Cuailnge in 1969. How the composers chose to embrace the Irish past lies in each composer’s execution of the peculiar local and universal themes exhibited in the sagas. The aim of this article is to initiate an interdisciplinary discussion of the cultural significance of this literary corpus for Irish composers by exploring an area of Irish musicological discourse that has not been hitherto documented.