39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 391
Index
Antarctica, 289 •A • anti-clericalism, 156 anti-papalism, 156 Abbey Theatre, 305–306 Aoife (wife of Strongbow), 90, 97 Abominable Snowman (mythic creature), 374 Aonach Tailteann festival, 83, 330–331 accuracy, historical, 1, 2 apparition, 262, 382 Act of Supremacy (1534), 152 Apprentice Boys parade, 345, 381 Act of Union (1800), 225–230, 250–252 archaeology Adams, Gerry (Sinn Fein leader), 350, 355 burial mounds, 25 advanced nationalist. See also nationalism hunting-gathering people, 22 Easter rebellion, 318–320 Roman Empire, 37 First World War, 318 time before Irish kings, 38 funding sources, 315 Archbishop of Canterbury, 93 types, 314–315 architecture, 215, 228–229 Agricola (Roman leader), 36 Armagh church agriculture Boru’s attack on Ulster, 73–74 eighteenth century innovations, 214, 219 early king–Church connection, 59 Great Famine problems, 257–264 growth, 85 importance of land ownership, 16 Armagh county, 185, 187 nineteenth century problems, 235–237, 239 Army Comrades Association, 337 nineteenth century reforms, 273 art, 302–303, 307–310 plantation system, 183–188 Arthurian legend, 42 Stone Age developments, 23–24 artificial island, 32 Aillen (fairy), 40–41 Asquith (Liberal leader), 292–293 Ainchenn, Eochaid (Leinster King), 39 Aston, Arthur (royalist leader), 203 alcohol. See also specific types Australia, 254, 270–271 Irish Rebellion of 1641, 197 James I’s rule, 182 America •B • exiled reformers, 254, 256 famine memorial, 261 Barrington, George (pickpocket), 388 Gaelic Athletic Association, 301 Battle of Bosworth, 140 Irish presidents, 375 Battle of Pilltown, 132–133 nineteenth century immigration,COPYRIGHTED 237, Battle MATERIALof Stoke Field, 142 265–270 Battle of Tara, 74 reaction to IRA bombings, 354 Battle of the Boyne, 210, 288, 366 revolution, 222 Battle of Towton, 129 St Patrick’s Day holiday, 269 Battle of Wakefield, 129 American Federation of Labour, 267 battles American Trade Union movement, 267 eighth century, 60 American wake, 267 fake heir to throne, 142 Amláib (Olaf the White; Dublin king), 66 Hiberno-Norse versus Brian Boru, 74 Anglicisation process, 297–298 Richard III’s death, 140 animal cruelty, 376 Richard Plantagenet versus Henry VI, Anne of Cleves (wife of Henry VIII), 151 129–130 39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 392
392 Irish History For Dummies
battles (continued) establishment as king, 71 Shane O Neill’s troubles, 168, 169 High King title, 73 technological advances, 142 legend, 70 Ulster rebellion against Elizabeth, 174 military achievements, 71–72 Wars of the Roses, 132–133 overview, 18 Williamite Wars, 209–210 Boston (American city), 261 Beaufort, Francis (inventor), 374–375 boycott, 274–275 Beckett, Samuel (writer), 302 Boycott, Charles (landlord), 274 beer, 216–217, 269 Braveheart (film), 106 Belfast Agreement (peace document), Breffny (province), 76–83 357–358, 368 brehon law, 170 Belfast (city), 228, 289–290 Brí (power), 46 Bellingham, Edward (British leader), 162 brick house, 191 bias, 2 Britain. See England Bible society, 235 British people. See English people Big Bertha (cow), 386 Bronze Age, 25–27 Big Wind (storm), 239 Bua (power), 46 bike tyre, 374 Bunreacht na hÉireann (constitution), bishopric, establishment of, 53 338, 371 Black and Tans (military force), 322 Burgh, Thomas (architect), 215 Black Death (plague), 113 burial mound, 24–25 Black ’47 (famine year), 258–260 Burke, Edmund (philosopher), 216 black rent, 134 Burntollet Bridge, 345 Blair, Tony (British Prime Minister), 356 The Butcher (John Tiptoft; Earl of Blasket Islands, 380 Worcester), 135–136 Blessed Virgin apparition, 262 Butler, Edmund mac Richard (military Bloody Sunday (riot), 347, 381 leader), 133 Blount, Elizabeth (mistress of Henry VIII), 150 Butler family Blueshirts (political group), 337–338 Battle of Pilltown, 132–133 boat travel, 238 Edward Poynings leadership, 144–145 Bodhmall (druid priestess), 40 Geraldine’s authority after Pilltown battle, Boleyn, Anne (wife of Henry VIII), 150–151 133–139 Boleyn, Mary (mistress of Henry VIII), 150 overview, 132 Bolgic people, 28, 29 plot against Henry VII, 141–144 bombings, 349–350, 353 rejection of Richard III, 140–141 Bonaparte, Napoleon (French leader), Butler, James (Earl of Ormond), 128 230, 247 Butler, John (military leader), 132–133 Bonfire Night celebration, 182 Butt, Isaac (party leader), 278 Book of Armagh (illuminated manuscript), 57 Book of Durrow (illuminated manuscript), 56 Book of Kells (illuminated manuscript), •C • 56–57, 65, 369 cabbage patch revolution, 255–256 booleying, 23 Cain (son of Mael Muad), 71 Boru, Brian (Irish king) Caine, Michael (actor), 216 attack on Ulster, 73–74 Cairenn (Niall Noigíallach’s mother), 41 challenges to throne, 73, 74 Canada, 237, 266 childhood, 71 cannibalism, 113 clash with Mael Sechnaill, 71–73 Carew, George (British leader), 176 death, 74 Caribbean islands, 205 39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 393
Index 393
Carson, Edward (unionist leader), 315 ceasefire, 355 cartographer, 185 Celtic people Cassels, Richard (architect), 215 arrival in Ireland, 27–30 castle building, 125 overview, 12 castle clergy, 246 Roman invasion, 33 Catherine of Aragon (wife of Henry VIII), types, 27 150–151 Cenn Cruaich (stone idol), 53 Catholic Association, 243, 247–251 Central Protestant Defence Association, Catholic Church 286–287 Act of Union, 226–227, 250–252 Chambers, William (architect), 215 Charles I’s rule, 189–193 Charles I (British king) Charles II’s rule, 207 appeasement of Old English, 189–190 civil rights movement, 344, 347 death, 202 connection to Irish kings, 59 Irish Rebellion of 1641, 196–202 Cromwell’s campaign, 204–206 overview, 179 divorce, 149–152 Thomas Wentworth’s leadership, 190–192 emancipation movement, 245–249 Charles II (British king), 206–207 Emmet’s rebellion, 230–234 Chartist movement, 272 evangelical mission, 234–235 Chicago (American city), 270 excommunication of Henry VIII, 152 Chichester, Arthur (British leader), 185, 186 Henry Sidney’s reforms, 170–171 cholera, 260 Irish Rebellion of 1641, 196–202 Christianity (religion) James I’s rule, 180, 181–183 effect on government, 60 James II’s rule, 207–210 importance, 365 legislative independence, 221 influence of monasteries, 55–56 nineteenth century loyalties, 233–234 St Patrick’s importance, 53–54 Northern Ireland after partition, 326–327 church problems in Australia, 270 Cromwell’s campaign, 205 Reformation, 152–157, 162–167 Gerald fitz Maurice’s leadership, 140 secret societies, 234 king–Church connection, 59 1798 rebellion, 222–224 looting by Vikings, 65 social classes, 247–248 St Patrick’s accomplishments, 53 support of immigrants, 268, 273 Church of England, 86, 156 tithe system, 242–243 Churchill, Winston (British Prime Minister), tricolour flag, 255 341 unionist views, 287–290 Cille, Colum (monk), 57–58 Catholicism (religion) civil rights movement, 348 effect on government, 60 cause, 34 importance, 16 marches, 345, 347 influence of Henry II, 96–99 people’s demands, 344–345 influence of monasteries, 55–56 violence, 345–351 number of followers, 20 Claen, Congal (disposed prince), 60 shift of power to Vatican, 85–87 Clarke, Harry (artist), 309 St Patrick’s importance, 53–54 Clinton, Bill (U.S. president), 354, 356 cattle Clonard monastery, 55 de Valera’s leadership, 336–337 Clonfert monastery, 55 Eochaid’s tribute to Tuathal, 39 Clonmacnois monastery, 55 Stone Age settlers, 23 Clonmel (town), 204 Cavan county, 185, 187 Cobh (city), 379 39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 394
394 Irish History For Dummies
coffee, 373 crop rotation, 219 Coffey, Aeneas (inventor), 215 Cultural Revival (social movement) Collins, Michael (IRB leader), 321–322, 324 effects, 310–311 Columbanus (monk), 59 fairies, 303–304 common law, 116, 170 importance, 367 confederation, 201, 202, 204 leading preservation organisations, 299–302 confession, 156 overview, 5, 298 Confession of St Patrick (St Patrick), 369 promotion of arts, 302–310 Connacht (province) rationale, 299 High King rivals after Boru, 76–83 culture origin, 29 Anglicisation process, 297–298 plantation system, 188 counter-Reformation, 164–165 Connachta people, 31 Earl of Desmond’s leadership, 134–135 conscription, 318, 320 English assimilation, 115–116 constitution, 329, 338–339 Gerald fitz Maurice’s leadership, 139–140 convert roll, 219 influence of Henry II, 96–99 Coote, Charles (British leader), 198 Irish rationale for English ways, 174 copper, 26 Irish Rebellion of 1641, 196 Corrigan, Dominic (doctor), 257 overview, 18 Corrigan, Mairead (Nobel Prize winner), 358 parliament’s first laws, 102 corruption, 221, 268 preference for old ways, 168 Cosgrave, W.T. (party leader), 329 Reformation enforcement, 157 cotton, 214 Statutes of Kilkenny, 116 Council in Ireland (government body), 251 Stone Age, 23–24 Council of Cashel (Church committee), 86 surrender and re-grant scheme, 158–159 counter-Reformation (social movement), Viking assimilation, 66–67, 69–70 163–165 Cumann na mBan (nationalist organisation), Court Tombs (burial mounds), 25 315 Craig, James (unionist leader), 315 Cumann na nGaedhal (government party), Cramner, Thomas (Archbishop of 328–329, 333–335 Canterbury), 151 Cumhail, Fionn mac (Irish king), 40–41 crannog, 32 currency, 20, 330 Crean, Tom (explorer), 289 Cusack, Michael (Gaelic Athletic Association cricket, 300 founder), 301 crime exiled criminals in Australia, 270 nineteenth century problems, 242 •D • Richard Plantagenet’s army, 127 Dail Eireann (Free State parliament), 324, 326 Statutes of Kilkenny, 118 dairy industry, 23 Croagh Patrick (mountain), 383 dance, 269, 361 Croke Park (stadium), 300, 381–382 Darini tribe, 28 Cromwell, Oliver (British leader) Darley, Hugh (architect), 215 death, 206 Davies, John (parliament member), 182 defeat of Irish, 203–204 Davies, Kit (female soldier), 386 eradication of Catholicism, 204–206 Davis, Thomas (reform leader), 252–254 overview, 203 Davitt, Michael (Land League founder), 274 Cromwell, Thomas (British Chancellor of the de Bermingham, John (British leader), 109 Exchequer), 151 de Lacy, Hugh (Irish king), 95–96, 97 39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 395
Index 395
de Valera, Eamon (Irish leader) Democratic Party (American political party), Easter rebellion, 320 268 economic war, 336–334 Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), 355 Irish Civil War, 324 Denmark, 66 overview, 18 Derry county resistance from Blueshirts, 337–338 first survey, 185 rule of Free State, 335–336 plantation system, 188 Second World War, 340–342 tourist sites, 381 death Devereux, Robert (British leader), 175 Anne Boleyn, 151 Diarmait (Irish king), 77–78 Arthur Griffith, 324 diaspora, 265–273 Brian Boru, 74 Dingle Peninsula, 380 Brian O Neill, 101 Dining House (Trinity College building), 215 The Butcher, 136 disease Charles I, 202 Cromwell’s campaign, 204 civil rights movement, 350–351 immigrants, 266 Dermot Mac Murrough, 91 potato famine, 219, 260 Diarmait, 78 Scottish rebellion, 107, 108 Druid beliefs, 47 divorce, 149–152 Earl of Desmond, 136 documents. See also specific documents Edward the Bruce, 109 illuminated manuscripts, 56–57, 65 Edward V, 140 influence of monasteries, 56–57 Edward VI, 162, 163 major contributions of Irish, 369–372 Elizabeth, 176–177 Ogham texts, 44 Great Hunger, 258, 260 domestic worker, 266 Henry VI, 137 Donegal county, 185, 224 Humphrey Gilbert’s killings, 172 Donnchad (son of Brian Boru), 77, 80 James I, 183 Downing Street Declaration (government King John, 101 document), 355 Leonard Grey, 158 Doyle, James (bishop), 243 Michael Collins, 324 Drake, Francis (British leader), 175 Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, 82 Drogheda (town), 134, 203 Oliver Cromwell, 206 Druidism, 45–47, 48 Perkin Warbeck, 144 Drummond Commission (government body), Queen Mary, 165 244 Reformation orders, 152 Drummond, Thomas (Irish Under-Secretary), Richard II, 121, 123 243 Richard III, 140 Dublin Castle, 100, 139, 197 Robert Emmet, 232, 233 Dublin (city) Shane O Neill, 169 Act of Union, 228–229 Silken Thomas, 154 capture by Mac Lochlainn, 82 St Patrick, 54 capture by Normans, 85 Thomas More, 151 Cromwell’s campaign, 203 Thomas Wentworth, 192 Emmet’s rebellion, 231 Turlough O Brien, 78 establishment, 65–66 Turlough O Connor, 81 famine memorial, 261 Wolfe Tone, 224 legacy of King Muirchertach, 80 debt, 336 St Patrick’s Day holiday, 269, 270 defective land title, 191 tax, 66 trade, 66 39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 396
396 Irish History For Dummies
Dublin Municipal Gallery, 309 electricity, 332 Dublin Philosophical Society, 215 Elizabeth (British queen) Dudley, Edward (British leader), 136 Henry Sidney’s reforms, 170–177 Duffy, Gavan (reform leader), 254 initial challenges, 167 Dún Aengus fort, 29 overview, 166 Dunlop, John Boyd (inventor), 374 plantation system, 183–184 DUP (Democratic Unionist Party), 355 Shane O Neill, 167–169 dysentery, 260 Éllim (King of Ulster), 38–39 emigration Edward III’s reforms, 113 •E • family’s good-byes, 267 Easter rebellion, 318–320 importance, 17, 367 Ebdani tribe, 28 nineteenth century departures, 236–238, economy 258, 265–273 Act of Union, 227 overview, 14–15 Belfast, 289–290 Emmet, Robert (rebel leader), 230–233 Big Wind, 239 Enda (monastery founder), 55 brewery work, 217 energy, 332 causes of Great Famine, 264 England. See also specific English leaders de Valera’s leadership, 336–337 American Revolution, 222 eighteenth century Catholic troubles, 217 blame for Great Famine, 263 Irish emigration, 272 Bonfire Night celebrations, 182 Irish Rebellion of 1641, 196–197 challenges to settlers, 183 nineteenth century crop failure, 237 connection to Ireland, 15 Northern Ireland after partition, 327–328 Edward Poynings reforms, 144–145 recent growth, 360–361 First World War, 317 Educating Rita (film), 216 flag, 227 education fourteenth century vision for Ireland, 115 eighteenth century Catholic restrictions, Irish contributions, 14 217 Irish emigration, 271–272 Irish language, 298 Irish Rebellion of 1641, 199–200 Protestant elite, 215 Niall Noigíallach’s raids, 43 Reformation enforcement, 164 nineteenth century immigration, 237–238 Edward I (British king), 101–102 paganism, 49 Edward II (British king), 106 problems after Scottish rebellion, 109–110 Edward III (British king), 111–115 Scottish rebellion, 105–109 Edward IV (British king) war with France, 114 abandonment of throne, 136 English Civil War, 196–202 battles between Richard Plantagenet and English people Henry VI, 129–130 cultural assimilation, 115–116 Earl of Desmond’s death, 136 overview, 13 Gerald fitz Maurice’s leadership, 139 plantation scheme, 180 reclamation of throne in 1471, 137 Eoganachta people, 31 Thomas fitz Maurice’s leadership, 137 equality Edward V (British prince), 140 Catholic Emancipation, 245–249 Edward VI (British king), 161–163 civil rights movement, 344–351 Edward the Bruce (Scottish leader), 107–109 Edward III’s reforms, 112 Eire. See Irish Free State Northern Ireland after partition, 328 ejector seat, 377 Richard II’s reforms, 122 Statutes of Kilkenny, 117–118 39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 397
Index 397
European population, 113 fitz Maurice, Thomas (Earl of Kildare), European Union (family of nations), 368 136–138 evangelical mission, 234–235 fitz Maurice, Thomas (Lord Offaly), 154–155 Everard, John (Speaker of parliament), 182 fitz Simons, Walter (Archbishop of Dublin), eviction, 263 143 Examination Halls (Trinity College building), Fitzgerald, James Fitzmaurice (Irish rebel), 215 171–173 Fitzwilliam Square (town square), 228 flag, 20, 227, 255 •F • flight of the earls, 177 factory work, 214, 266 Flight of the Wild Geese (departure of Irish fairy, 303–304 forces from Ireland), 210 family size, 236 Flood, Henry (Royal Irish Academy founder), famine. See also Great Famine of 1845–51 215 importance, 367 football, 297 nineteenth century crop failure, 236, 237 Foras feasa ar Éirinn (Irish history book), overview, 17 192–194, 370 potato crop, 219, 257–264 France Scottish rebellion, 107, 108 Charles I’s rule, 189, 190 Famine Museum, 260 Emmet’s rebellion, 230, 231 farming. See agriculture philosophy, 214 fascism, 337, 339 revolution, 222, 246 Fawkes, Guy (Irish rebel), 182 1798 rebellion, 223–224 fenian cycle, 41 Shane O Neill’s trouble, 169 Fenians (nationalist organisation), 279, 280 war with England, 114 Fergal (king of Tara), 60 Fraternity of St George (military group), 138 Fermanagh county, 185, 187 French people, 13–14 feudal area, 99 fungus, potato, 258, 260 fianna, 40–41 Fianna Fail (government party), 334–335 The Field (Keane), 16 •G • Fine Gael (political group), 337–338 Gaelic Athletic Association Finneces (poet), 40 American invasion, 301 Finnfolaidh, Fiacha (High King), 38 history, 300–301 First World War hurling, 118 Australian exiles, 270 immigrants’ success, 272 effects on Ireland, 316–318 overview, 299 Ulster Volunteer Force, 287 Gaelic League (preservation organisation), Fitton, Francis (British leader), 171 299, 301–302 fitz Eustace, Roland (chancellor of Ireland), Gaelic people 139 branches, 30–31 fitz Gerald, Thomas fitz James (Earl of houses, 32 Desmond), 133–136 language, 31 fitz Maurice, Gerald (Earl of Kildare) oral tradition, 43–44 effects of leadership, 139–140 overview, 12 overview, 138–139 preservation of culture, 297–304 plot against Henry VII, 141–143 Scottish rebellion, 105–109 Poynings reforms, 144–145 transportation, 32 Reformation, 153–154 Galvin, Thomas (hangman), 233 rejection of Richard III, 140–141 39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 398
398 Irish History For Dummies
Galway (town), 204 Great Famine of 1845–51. See also famine gambling, 387 beginning, 257–258 Gandon, James (architect), 220 causes, 263–264 Garda Síochána (police force), 329 diseases, 260 Garth, Thomas (British leader), 143 effects, 261–263 genocide, 263 importance, 17 geography, 19–20 memorials, 261 George, David Lloyd (British Prime Minister), worst year, 258–260 323 Gregg, John (inventor), 375 George III (British king), 227, 228 Gregory, Augusta (writer), 304, 305 Geraldine family Grey, Leonard (British leader), 158, 173 authority after Pilltown battle, 133–139 Griffin, Michael (priest), 322 Battle of Pilltown, 132–133 Griffith, Arthur (Sinn Fein founder), 314, 324 Edward Poynings leadership, 144–145 Grosse Isle (Canadian island), 266 overview, 132 Guinness, Arthur (brewery owner), 216 plot against Henry VII, 141–144 Guinness beer, 216–217, 269 rejection of Richard III, 140–141 Gulliver’s Travels (Swift), 216 Geraldine league, 158 Germany First World War, 316–319 •H • Second World War, 339–342 handball, 297 gerrymandering, 327 Harcourt Street Railway Station, 229 Giants Causeway (geologic site), 380 Harland and Wolfe shipyard, 288 Gibson, Mel (actor), 106 Harris, Gunner (soldier), 349 Gilbert, Elizabeth (dancer), 389 Harrods bombing, 353 Gilbert, Humphrey (British leader), 172 Healy, T.M. (reform leader), 284 Gladstone, William (British Prime Minister) heat exchange device, 215 assistance to Parnell, 281–282, 283 Henrietta Maria (British queen), 202 Land Act, 275–276 Henry I (British king), 92 Glasnevin Churchyard, 232 Henry II (British king) Glendalough monastery, 58 alliance with Dermot Mac Murrough, 83–84 gold, 26–27 assimilation of English people, 96–99 Goldsmith, Oliver (The Vicar of Wakefield), concerns with Strongbow, 92–93 216 invasion of Ireland, 93–96 Gonne, Maude (writer), 302 Norman capture of Dublin, 85 Good Friday Agreement (peace agreement), Henry III (British king), 101 357–358, 368 Henry IV (British king), 121, 123–126 gourmet food, 381 Henry V (British king), 124, 126 government. See also parliament Henry VI (British king) Church’s effect, 60 capture of throne after Edward IV, 136 corruption, 221 death, 137 Edward Poynings leadership, 144–145 Geraldine-Butler conflict, 128 establishment of parliament, 102 overview, 126–127 Henry Sidney’s reforms, 170–177 Pilltown Battle, 132 Iron Age, 30 struggles with Richard Plantagenet, 127–130 King John’s influence, 100–101 Thomas fitz Maurice’s leadership, 137 St Patrick’s return, 50–51 Henry VII (British king), 140–144 Grand Masonic Lodge (historic building), 229 Grattan, Henry (lawyer), 221 39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 399
Index 399
Henry VIII (British king) historic buildings, 228 children, 150, 151 hunting-gathering people, 22 coronation as king, 159–160 Howard, Catherine (wife of Henry VIII), 151 divorce, 149–152 Howard-Bury, Charles (explorer), 374 early rule, 150 Hume, John (SDLP leader), 355, 358 excommunication from Catholic Church, 152 hunger strike, 351–352 marriages, 150–152 hunting-gathering people, 22 mistresses, 150 hurling, 118, 297 overview, 149 Hyde, Douglas (Gaelic League founder) policies for Ireland, 157–160 The Necessity for De-Anglicising Ireland, Reformation, 152–157, 164 370–371 Henry, Paul (painter), 308 overview, 301, 303–304 Hiberno-Norse tribes plays, 305, 306 overview, 12 hypodermic syringe, 376–377 rebellion against Brian Boru, 74 revolt, 72 settlements, 72 •I • historical sites ICA (Irish Citizen Army; nationalist Cobh city, 379 organisation), 315 Dún Aengus fort, 29 illuminated manuscript, 56–57, 65 Glendalough monastery, 58 Ímar (Ivar the Boneless; Dublin king), 66 Grosse Isle, 266 immigrant Guinness brewery, 216 Britain’s response, 271–272 Molly Malone statue, 19 diseases, 266 Newgrange burial mound, 24 to Ireland, 360 overview, 19 occupations, 266 St Patrick’s Purgatory, 53 political success in America, 268–269 Viking settlements, 68 recent influx, 14, 15 The History of Ireland (O’Grady), 303 success, 268–269, 272–273 Hoban, James (architect), 228 support of Catholic Church, 268, 273 hockey, 300 violence, 267, 271 Holland, John (inventor), 376 In the Shadow of the Glen (play), 306 Holmes, Edward (architect), 229 India, 290 Holy Trinity (three-part God), 51–52 industrial revolution, 214 Home Rule Act (1914), 293, 313–316 inheritance law, 189 Home Rule movement inventions achievement, 290–293 eighteenth century, 214–215 Gladstone’s assistance, 281–282 important Irish contributions, 374–375, Land Purchase Act, 284–285 376–377 Parnell’s alliances, 279–280 IRA (Irish Republican Army; nationalist Parnell’s arrest, 281 organisation), 321 Parnell’s fall from grace, 282–284 IRB. See Irish Republican Brotherhood Parnell’s rise to prominence, 278–279 Ireland rationale, 277 common knowledge, 11 unionist response, 286–290 definition, 2 horn, 26 emergence, 3 horse, 380 geography, 19–20 hostage, 42–43 size, 15 house Ireland, Michael (reform leader), 254 Bronze Age people, 26 Irish Church Act (1869), 287 Gaelic people, 32 39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 400
400 Irish History For Dummies
Irish Citizen Army (ICA; nationalist Irish Volunteers (nationalist organisation), organisation), 315 315 Irish Civil War, 324 iron, 27–30, 214 Irish Confederation (reform organisation), Iron Age, 27–30 253–255 Ivar the Boneless (Ímar; Dublin king), 66 Irish Free State. See also Republic of Ireland Iverni tribe, 28 border establishment, 333 constitution, 329, 338–339 de Valera’s leadership, 335–336 •J • economic war, 336–337 Jackson, Andrew (U.S. president), 375 energy supply, 331–332 James I (British king), 179–183, 184 establishment, 323–324 James II (British king), 207–210 Fianna Fail, 334–335 jewellery, 26–27 government building, 328–329 John (British king), 99–101 Irish Olympics, 330–331 Joint Framework document, 356 nationalism, 329–330 Joyce, James (Ulysses), 302, 371 parliament, 326 problems with Sinn Fein, 333–338 Second World War, 340–342 •K • Irish Home Rule party (political party), 278 Irish kings. See also specific kings Kavanagh, Art Mac Murrough (Irish leader), advantages of throne, 76 120 attacks on Vikings, 67, 68–69 Keane, John B (The Field), 16 challenges to throne, 76 Keating, Geoffrey (priest), 193–194, 370 connection to Catholic Church, 59 Keating, Sean (artist), 303, 309 contenders after Boru’s death, 76–83 Kelly, Ned (outlaw), 271 Henry II’s invasion, 94–95 Kennedy, John F. (U.S. president), 268–269 important kings, 38–43 Kildare church, 59 time before, 37–38 Kildare House (residence), 228 weaknesses, 76 Kilmainham Treaty, 281 Irish Literary Theatre, 306 king. See Irish kings Irish National Land League (reform King Arthur (legendary king), 42 organisation) Kinsale (city), 381 boycotts, 274–275 Knock (village), 262, 382 Land Act, 275–276 Kyan, John (inventor), 215 overview, 273–274 Parnell’s involvement, 279, 280 Irish Northern Aid (NORAID; support group), •L • 354 Lady Betty (executioner), 385 Irish Olympics (sports event), 331–332 Laginian people, 29–30 Irish Rebellion of 1641, 196–202 lakeside home, 32 The Irish Rebellion (Temple), 370 Lancastrian people Irish Republic. See Irish Free State; Republic Battle of Pilltown, 132–133 of Ireland Edward Poynings leadership, 144–145 Irish Republican Army (IRA), 321 Geraldine’s authority after Pilltown battle, Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) 133–139 Easter rebellion, 318–320 overview, 131–132 overview, 314 plot against Henry VII, 141–144 proclamation of the Republic, 319 rejection of Richard III, 140–141 War of Independence, 321 struggle between Henry VI and Richard Plantagenet, 128 39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 401
Index 401
land law. See also specific laws paintings, 308 Charles I’s rule, 189 survey, 185–186, 188 de Valera’s reforms, 335–336 tenancy, 236 Edward Poynings leadership, 144–145 titles, 191 eighteenth century Catholic restrictions, Land Act (1870), 275–276 217–219 Land Court tribunal, 281 emigration to Britain, 272 land ownership flight of the earls, 177 Charles I’s rule, 191 Henry Sidney’s reforms, 170–177 Charles II’s rule, 207 Home Rule legislation, 284–285, 292–293 confederation demands, 201 land reform, 275–276 Cromwell’s campaign, 205–206 plantation system, 186–187 Edward III’s reforms, 111 Reformation orders, 152, 153, 156 Great Famine effects, 263 response to famine, 261 Henry Sidney’s reforms, 171 legend importance, 16 Brian Boru, 70 influence of Henry II, 98 Colum Cille’s journeys, 58 Irish Rebellion of 1641, 199 fairies, 303–304 James II’s rule, 209 Finn Mac Cool, 40–41 Land Purchase Act, 284–285 Humphrey Gilbert’s killings, 172 nineteenth century problems, 235–237, important people, 385–389 241–245 King Arthur, 42 nineteenth century reforms, 273–276 Lusitania, 310 Parnell’s demonstration, 281 massacre of 1641, 199 plantation system, 184–188 Niall Noigíallach, 41–43 Richard II’s reforms, 121, 122 Parnell-O’Shea duel, 283 surrender and re-grant scheme, 158–159 Robert Emmet’s body, 232 voting rights, 218 St Patrick, 52–53, 54 Williamite Wars, 210 Trinity College buildings, 216 Land Purchase Act (1903), 284–285 legislative independence, 221 lands of peace, 100 Léin, Locha (Irish king), 64 lands of war, 100 Leinster House (residence), 228 Lane, Hugh (art dealer), 309–310 Leinster (province) language attack by Brian Boru, 71 Anglicisation process, 298 Hiberno-Norse revolt, 72 education, 298 High King rivals after Boru, 76–83 Gaelic League preservation efforts, 302 origin, 29 Gaelic people, 31 Richard II’s attack, 121 influence of Henry II, 98 lighthouse, 215 Irish history book, 193 Limerick (city) New Book of Common Prayer, 162 attack by Brian Boru, 71 Northern Ireland, 19–20 Cromwell’s campaign, 204 Republic of Ireland, 19–20 establishment, 68 St Patrick, 50 linen industry, 289, 327 Statutes of Kilkenny, 116 Lionel (Earl of Ulster), 114–115, 116 Thomas Davis’s beliefs, 253 literacy, 214 Viking assimilation, 69 literature, 302–303, 304–305 Laoghaire (Irish king), 53 London Livery investment company, 187, 188 Lavery, John (artist), 308 Londonderry (city), 188, 209 39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 402
402 Irish History For Dummies
Long Room Library (Trinity College building), Mary (sister of James II), 208 215, 216 Mathgamain (King of Cashel), 69–70 Lord Grey (Lord Deputy to Ireland), 138–139 McClintock, Leopold (explorer), 388 Lord Mountjoy (British leader), 176 McCraken, Henry Joy (rebel leader), 224 Lough Derg (island), 53 McLoughlin, Thomas A. (engineer), 332 Louis XVI (French king), 222, 387 McMullen, Mary (athlete), 389 loyalty Meagher, Thomas Francis (reform leader), confederation, 201 254 counter-Reformation, 164–165 Meath (county) hostage taking, 42–43 attack by Brian Boru, 71 nineteenth century Catholics, 233–234 attack by Turlough O Connor, 81 Statutes of Kilkenny, 117–118 origin, 31 tuarustul, 82 Tuathal’s rule, 39 Lucy, Anthony (English agent), 111 Memoirs of the Different Rebellions of Ireland Ludwig I (Bavarian king), 389 (Musgrave), 233 Luineach, Turloch (Irish rebel), 169 memorial, 261, 288 Luochra, Liath (warrior woman), 40 Merrion square, 228 Lusitania (ship), 309–310, 379 metalworking, 25, 26–27 Lyne, Morris (reform leader), 254 middle nation, 98–99 Mide, Domnall (military leader), 60 Milltown Cemetery, 354 •M • miracle, 52, 58 Mac Carthy, Donal (Irish king), 95 Mitchel, John (reform leader), 254 Mac Lochlainn, Muirchertach (Irish king), Mitchell, Alexander (inventor), 215 81–83 monastery Mac Murrough, Dermot (Irish king) influence, 55–59 alliance with Strongbow, 81–85 looting by Vikings, 65 death, 91 St Kevin’s, 58 payment to Strongbow, 90 Mongfind (wife of King Eochaid), 41, 42 MacNeill, Eoin (Gaelic League founder), 301, monk 315 intellectual tasks, 55–56 Magna Carta (government document), 102 overview, 55 Maguire, Frank (hunger striker), 352 solitary journey, 57–59 Malone, Molly (legendary person), 19 monster meeting, 251–252 map, 185–186 Montez, Lola (dancer), 389 marriage Moore, George (writer), 304 Charles I, 189 Mordha, Mael (King of Leinster), 72 Henry VIII, 150–152 More, Thomas (British Lord Chancellor), 151 influence of Henry II, 97 Morris, John (British leader), 111 legacy of King Muirchertach, 80 motorway, 32 Richard II, 121 Mountbatten, Earl (British queen’s cousin), royal arrangements, 150 353 Statutes of Kilkenny, 116, 117 Mountjoy Square (town square), 228 Strongbow, 90, 97 Muad, Mael (Irish king), 70–71 Tuathal’s daughter, 39 Mugmedon, Eochaid (High King), 41, 42 Viking–Irish unions, 66–67, 69–70 Muirchertach (Irish king), 78–79, 80 Martin, James (inventor), 377 Muirne (wife of Fionn mac Cumhail), 40 Martin, Richard (animal lover), 376 Municipal School of Art, 308 Mary (British queen), 163–165 39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 403
Index 403
Munster (province) Nobel Peace Prize, 358 attack by Turlough O Connor, 81 Noigíallach, Niall (Irish king), 41–43 contenders for High King after Boru, 76–83 NORAID (Irish Northern Aid; support group), Cromwell’s campaign, 204 354 origin, 29 Normans (settlers) plantation system, 188 alliance with Dermot Mac Murrough, 83–85 rebellion against Queen Elizabeth, 171–173 capture of Dublin, 85 Viking attacks, 67 growth of Church’s power, 86–87 Murray, William (architect), 229 importance, 365–366 Musgrave, Richard (Memoirs of the Different overview, 12–13, 75 Rebellions of Ireland), 233 versus English people, 95 music, 269, 361, 372 Norse people, 12 musician, 116, 117 Northern Ireland mutiny, 316 border establishment, 333 mythology, 303–304 civil rights movement, 344–351 currency, 20 definition, 19 •N • language, 19–20 name life after partition, 326–328 security of the Pale, 134 patriotic symbols, 20 Statutes of Kilkenny, 116 peace, 357–359 Napoleon (French leader), 230, 247 religion, 20 Napoleonic Wars, 247 Second World War, 339–340 Nation (newspaper), 253 separation from Irish Free State, 325–326 national anthem, 20 Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association, National Gallery, 309 344–345 National Museum, 18 National Stud and Museum, 380 nationalism. See also advanced nationalist •O • Act of Union, 229 O Brien, Turlough (Irish king), 77, 78, 80 Cultural Revival effects, 310–311 O Connor, Callhach (Irish king), 125 1898 celebration, 290 O Connor, Rory (Irish king) Home Rule movement, 280 battle with Strongbow, 91–92 Irish Free State, 329–330 overview, 81–83 Land Act, 275 struggle for leadership, 84 leaders, 17–18 O Connor, Turlough (Irish king), 80–81 Natural History Museum, 382 Ó Criomhthainn, Tomás (writer), 386–387 nature, 46, 47 O Donnell, Manus (Lord of Donegal), 158 The Necessity for De-Anglicising Ireland O Donnell, Niall Garbh (Irish king), 125 (Hyde), 370–371 O Neill, Brian (Irish king), 101 Neolithic Age, 23–25 O Neill, Brian (Irish leader), 173 New Book of Common Prayer, 162–163 O Neill, Conn (Earl of Tyrone), 167 New Model Army (British army), 202 O Neill, Donal (Irish king), 106 New Orleans (American city), 270 O Neill, Hugh (Irish leader), 173–176 New Ross (town), 120, 205 O Neill, Shane (Irish rebel), 167–169 New York City (American city), 261, 268 O Rourke, Tiernan (Irish king), 81–82, 84 Newgrange (burial mound), 24 O’Brien, William (United Irish Land League newspaper, 253, 340 founder), 291 9/11 attacks, 359 O’Callaghan, Pat (athlete), 331 39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 404
404 Irish History For Dummies
O’Casey, Sean (writer), 302 surrender and re-grant scheme, 158–159 O’Connell, Daniel (reform leader) Thomas fitz Maurice’s leadership, 137–138 Act of Union repeal, 250–252 papal authority, 85 Catholic Association, 247–251 parade childhood, 245 civil rights riot, 345 election to parliament, 249 Irish Rebellion of 1641, 198 emancipation campaign, 246–249 Orange Order, 288–289 opinion of Thomas Davis, 253 protests, 357 overview, 18 St Patrick’s Day holiday, 269–270 O’Connolly, Owen (rebellion spoiler), 197 paramilitary prisoner, 351–352 O’Downey, Eugene (Gaelic League founder), Parke, Edward (architect), 229 301 parliament. See also government Offaly people, 135 Act of Union, 226, 250 O’Flaherty, Hugh (priest), 387 buildings, 220 Ogham texts, 44 Catholic emancipation, 247, 248–249 O’Gorman, Richard (reform leader), 254 Charles I’s rule, 191, 192 O’Grady, Standish (The History of Ireland), confederation demands, 201 303 defense of the Pale, 125 Olaf the White (Amláib; Dublin Viking leader), Earl of Desmond’s leadership, 134, 135 68 Edward III’s reforms, 111–112 Old Age Pension, 239 Edward Poynings leadership, 144–145 O’Neill, Hugh (Irish leader), 18 establishment, 102 O’Neill, John (Teenage Kicks), 372 Fraternity of St George, 138 O’Neill, Phelim (Irish rebel), 197 Gerald fitz Maurice’s leadership, 139 oral tradition, 43–44 Henry VIII’s coronation, 159, 160 Orange Order (Protestant organisation), 210, Irish Free State, 326 288–289, 357 Irish Rebellion of 1641, 196–197, 199, 200 Ormond, James (British leader), 143 James I’s rule, 182–183 Orpen, William (artist), 303, 308 James II’s rule, 209 O’Shea, William Henry (politician), 282–283 legislative independence, 220–221 Our Lady at Trim shrine, 156 Leinster House, 228 Parnell’s disruptions, 278 plantation system, 185 •P • power after Scottish rebellion, 110 paganism Sinn Fein, 320, 321, 334 England’s response, 49 Statutes of Kilkenny, 116–118 overview, 46–47 support of Richard Plantagenet, 128–129 St Patrick legends, 52–53 Thomas fitz Maurice’s leadership, 137 paintings, 307–310 Parliament Act (1911), 292 Pairlement Chloinne Tomáis (satirical text), Parnell, Charles Stewart (reform leader) 370 allies, 279–280 Paisley, Ian (DUP leader), 355 childhood, 279 Palace Bar (pub), 216 fall from grace, 282–284 the Pale (area of English rule) importance, 278 Earl of Desmond’s leadership, 134 imprisonment, 281 fifteenth century concerns, 124–126 rise to prominence, 278–279 invasion of Geraldine league, 158 Parnell Square (town square), 228 overview, 119–120 Parr, Catherine (wife of Henry VIII), 151 Reformation enforcement, 157 Paschal fire (pagan ritual), 52–53 39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 405
Index 405
Passage Tombs (burial mounds), 25 famine effects, 261–262 Patrick. See St Patrick nineteenth century problems, 243 P-Celtic language, 31 power Pearce, Edward (architect), 220 disorder beyond the pale, 125 Pearse, Patrick (IRB leader), 319 druidism, 46 peasantry, 248 England versus Scotland, 106 pedestrianism, 389 England’s problems after Scottish rebellion, Peel, Robert (British Prime Minister), 261, 264 110 people. See settlers legacy of King Muirchertach, 80 People’s Democracy march, 345 military strength, 74 People’s Rights Association, 284 shift from Irish Church to Vatican, 85–87 peregrination, 57 Poynings, Edward (British leader), 144–145 performing arts, 305–307 prayer, 156 Philip II (Spanish king), 172 Presbyterians (religious people) philosophy, 214 challenges, 188 pike, 231 Charles I’s rule, 190, 192 pilgrimage Irish Rebellion of 1641, 196–202 Croagh Patrick, 383 James II’s rule, 208–209 Knock, 262, 382 1798 rebellion, 223 Reformation effects, 156 Presidency Councils (government bodies), St Patrick’s Purgatory, 53 170, 171 Pilltown battle, 132–133 Prevention of Terrorism Act (1974), 350 place name, 69 priest plague, 113, 126 castle clergy, 246 Plantagenet, Richard (Duke of York), 126–130 Catholic Association, 248 plantation system Cromwell’s campaign, 205 Irish Rebellion of 1641, 196 eighteenth century Catholic restrictions, James I’s rule, 180–181 218 overview, 183–184 James I’s attacks, 181–182 Ulster plantations, 184–185, 188 Printing House (Trinity College building), 215 Planters (settlers), 13, 180 prisoner, paramilitary, 351–352 The Playboy of the Western World (play), 307 Priteni people, 28 pneumatic tyre, 374 propaganda, 198, 199, 233 poet, 116, 117 Protestant Church Police Service of Northern Ireland, 358 Act of Union, 226–227 Pollen, John Hungerford (architect), 229 Charles I’s rule, 189–193 Poor Law (1837), 239, 243 Charles II’s rule, 207 Pope John Paul (Catholic leader), 262, 382 creation, 5 population Cromwell’s campaign, 206 Great Famine, 258, 264 evangelical mission, 234–235 Irish emigration, 265 importance, 16 nineteenth century increase, 238–240 Irish Rebellion of 1641, 196–202 port city, 335, 336 James I’s rule, 181–182 Portal Tombs (burial mounds), 25 James II’s rule, 207–210 postbox, 329–330 New Book of Common Prayer, 162–163 potato crop, 219, 257–264 Northern Ireland after partition, 326–327 pottery, 23–24 number of followers, 20 poverty plantation system, 188 Catholic emancipation, 247–248 Reformation, 152–157, 162–167 causes of Great Famine, 264 1798 rebellion, 222–224 39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 406
406 Irish History For Dummies
Protestant Church (continued) Remembrance Day church service, 350 tithe system, 242–243 rent tricolour flag, 255 black, 134 unionist views, 287–290 Land League reforms, 273–276 Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) land tenancy, 236 Britain bombings, 353 plantation system, 187 civil rights movement, 346, 349 Repeal Association (reform group), 250–251, end of campaign, 358–359 253 peace, 355–356 Republic of Ireland. See also Irish Free State shooting of members, 354 currency, 20 pub, 182, 216 definition, 19 public meeting, 251–252 establishment, 342 public work scheme, 259 language, 19–20 patriotic symbols, 20 proclamation, 319, 371 •Q • religion, 20 Q-Celtic language, 31 Revolutionary period, 367 Richard II (British king), 120–123 Richard III (British king), 140–141 •R • Rinuccini (papal envoy), 202 Robert I (Scottish king), 106 racehorse, 380 Robogdii tribe, 28 railway, 244, 266 rock porcellanite, 24 Rath Breasail council, 86 Rocket (train), 244 Redmond, John (Home Rule leader), 284, rocket weapon, 231 291–293 Roman Catholic Church. See Catholic Church Reformation (religious movement) Roman Empire counter-Reformation, 163–165 archaeology, 37 Edward VI’s enforcement, 161–163 avoidance of Ireland, 33, 36 Elizabeth’s reign, 166–167 impact on Ireland, 37 hanging of Irish rebels, 154–156 overview, 35–36 Henry VIII’s enforcement, 156–157, 164 trade, 33, 37 importance, 366 rotton borough, 182 initiation, 152 Royal College of Surgeon’s Building, 229 response of Ireland, 152–154 Royal Irish Academy, 215 relic, religious, 52 Royal Irish Constabulary (police force), 242, religion. See also specific types 321 Act of Union, 226–227 Royalist (supporters of Charles I), 192 Charles II’s rule, 207 rugby, 300 Cromwell’s campaign, 204–206 Russell, George (writer), 304 evangelical mission, 234–235 Ruthland Square (town square), 228 freedom, 16 Rynd, Francis (inventor), 377 Henry Sidney’s reforms, 170–177 importance, 16 Irish Rebellion of 1641, 196–202 •S • James II’s rule, 207–210 Reformation, 152–157, 162–167 Sadbh (wife of Fionn mac Cumhail), 41 Scottish settlers, 187 Sadhbh (daughter of Brian Boru), 71 today’s Ireland, 20 salmon of knowledge legend, 40 unionist views, 287–290 Samba festival, 134 39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 407
Index 407
Sands, Bobby (hunger striker), 352 Sinn Fein (nationalist organisation) Scottish rebellion, 105–109 barriers to peace, 355–356 Scottish settlers Easter rebellion, 319, 320 Charles I’s rule, 190, 192 Fianna Fail, 334–335 Irish Rebellion of 1641, 196–198 First World War, 318 plantation system, 187–188 overview, 314 religion, 187 parliament, 320, 321, 334 sculpture, 308 War of Independence, 321 scurvy, 260 Sitric (King of Dublin), 72 SDLP (Social Democratic and Labour Party), Skeffington, William (British leader), 154–155 346, 348, 355 slavery, 205 Séamus an Chaca (James II; British king), 210 Smith, Alfred E. (Governor of New York), 268 Sechnaill, Mael (Irish king), 71–73 snake banishment, 52 Second World War, 339–342, 387 soccer, 300 Secret Catholic Societies, 234 social classes secret societies Catholic emancipation, 247–248 attacks on landlords, 245 causes of Great Famine, 264 Catholic groups, 234 famine effects, 261–262 overview, 244 Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), segregation, 187 346, 348, 355 self-determination, 17–18, 275 Society for the Protection of Cruelty to September 11 attacks, 359 Animals, 376 servitor, 185, 186 Society of the United Irishmen, 223 settlers. See also specific settlers Solemn League and Covenant (unionist Bronze Age, 25–27 pledge), 287 challenges of Ireland, 183 soup kitchen, 259–260 Charles I’s rule, 189–192 South Africa, 290 Charles II’s rule, 207 Spain Cromwell’s campaign, 205–206 Charles I’s rule, 189, 190 cultural assimilation, 70 civil war, 338 hunting-gathering people, 22 Henry VIII’s divorce, 151 Iron Age, 27–30 Munster’s rebellion against Elizabeth, overview, 12–14 172–173 parliament’s first laws, 102 overview, 13–14 plantation system, 184–188 Reformation effects, 154 Stone Age, 23–25 support for Ulster rebellion, 174, 175–176 Seymour, Jane (wife of Henry VIII), 151 sports Shackleton, Ernest (explorer), 289 Irish Olympics, 330–331 shamrock, 51–52, 269 preservation, 297–298 Shannon River, 332 Statutes of Kilkenny, 116, 118 ship mooring, 215 tourist sites, 381–382 ship travel, 238, 266 spy, 117 shipbuilding, 288, 290, 327 St Anne’s Church, 232 shorthand, 375 St Germain (bishop), 48 Sidney, Henry (British leader), 169–177 St Kevin (monk), 58 Silken Thomas (Thomas fitz Maurice), St Ledger, Anthony (British leader), 158 154–155 St Leger, William (British leader), 198 Simmel, Lambert (fake heir to British throne), St Michan’s Church, 232 141–142 39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 408
408 Irish History For Dummies
St Patrick (Irish leader) Synge, J.M. (writer) autobiography, 369 overview, 302, 305 bell ringing, 54 plays, 306–307 capture by Niall Noigíallach, 43, 47 synod, 96–97 characteristics, 50 childhood, 47–48 Confession of St Patrick, 369 •T • death, 54 Tadg (son of Brian Boru), 77 greatest achievement, 51 Tara (traditional place of power), 39, 74 importance, 53–54 tariff, 264, 336 island retreat, 53 tax, 66, 115 language, 50 technology boom, 273 legends, 52–53, 54 Teenage Kicks (O’Neill), 372 mountain retreat, 54 Temple, John (The Irish Rebellion), 370 overview, 45 terra guerre, 100 paganism in England, 49 terra pacis, 100 return to Ireland, 49–53 terrorism. See violence teaching techniques, 51–53 theatre, 305–307 time in monastery, 48 Tiptoft, John (The Butcher; Earl of St Patrick’s Day holiday, 54, 269–270 Worcester), 135–136 St Paul’s Church, 232 Titanic (film), 288 St Peter’s Church, 232 tithe system, 242–243 St Stephen’s Green (town square), 228 Tone, Theobold Wolfe (rebel leader), stamp, postal, 330 223–224, 366 Star Wars Episode II (film), 216 tools Statutes of Kilkenny Bronze Age, 26 description, 116–118 Iron Age, 30 disorder beyond the pale, 125, 126 Stone Age, 24 Earl of Desmond’s leadership, 134–135 Tory party (political party), 250 parliament’s support for Richard tourist sites, 379–383 Plantagenet, 129 trade Stephen (British king), 92 Act of Union limitations, 226, 227 Stephenson, George (train innovator), 244 causes of Great Famine, 264 Stone Age, 23–25 de Valera’s reforms, 335–336 Strongbow (Richard fitz Gilbert; Earl of Dublin, 66 Pembroke) exports during famine, 259 alliance with Dermot Mac Murrough, 84–85 Gerald fitz Maurice’s leadership, 139–140 battle with Rory O Connor, 91–92 legislative independence, 221 establishment as Irish king, 91–92 Roman Empire, 33, 37 Henry II’s concerns, 92–93 trade union, 267 Henry II’s invasion, 93–96 train, 244 marriage, 90, 97 tramway system, 361 military accomplishments, 91 transportation, 32, 244 payment from Mac Murrough, 90 travel, 214, 238 submarine, 376 tricolour flag, 255 summer, 237 Trimble, David (UUP leader), 355, 358 surrender and re-grant scheme, 158–159 Trinity College, 18, 215–216 survey, land, 185–186, 188 trumpet, 26 Swift, Jonathan (Gulliver’s Travels), 216 tuarustul, 82 39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 409
Index 409
Tuathal (Irish king), 38–39 Unionist Worker’s Council (political group), Turgesius (Viking leader), 64 348 The Twisting of the Rope (play), 306 United Irish Land League, 291 Tyburn (execution spot), 155 United Kingdom, 226–227 Tyrone county, 185 United States of America. See America University Church, 229 University of Drogheda, 134 •U • UUP (Ulster Unionist Party), 355 Uí Néill dynasty, 43 Ulster Defence Association, 286–287, 346 Ulster Defence Union, 287 •V • Ulster Loyalist Anti-Repeal Association, 287 Vatican (Church headquarters), 85–87 Ulster (province) The Vicar of Wakefield (Goldsmith), 216 Brian Boru’s attack, 73–74 Vikings (settlers) challenges to High King, 76 attacks by Danish Vikings, 66 Cromwell’s campaign, 203 attacks by Irish, 66–67, 68–69 economic boom, 289–290 cultural assimilation, 66–67, 69–70 famine effects, 262 deals with Irish, 65 High King rivals after Boru, 76–83 Dublin founding, 65–66 Irish Rebellion of 1641, 198–199 first recorded visit, 63–64 origin, 29 historical sites, 68 plantation system, 184–185, 188 looting of churches, 65 rebellion against Queen Elizabeth, 173–174 notable raids, 64 Scottish rebellion, 107 overview, 4, 12, 63 Shane O Neill’s troubles, 168, 169 pattern of attack, 64–65 St Patrick’s return, 49 place names, 69 submission to Richard Plantagenet, 127 return in 914, 67–68 Ulster Special Constabulary (police force), violence 327 attacks on American immigrants, 267 Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), 355 Blueshirts, 337 Ulster Volunteer Force (military group) Britain bombings, 353 civil rights movement, 346 Britain’s immigrants, 271 First World War, 287, 317–318 civil rights movement, 345–351 formation, 315–316 Land League attacks, 274–275 Uluti tribe, 28 9/11 attacks, 359 Ulysses (Joyce), 371 nineteenth century problems, 242 undertaker, 186–187 Northern Ireland after partition, 327–328 Undertones (musical group), 372 Orange Order parade, 289 unemployment, 327, 360 response to hunger strikes, 352 Union Jack flag, 227 volcanic dust, 237 unionist voting rights border establishment, 333 Catholic emancipation, 247, 249 civil rights movement, 344–351 eighteenth century Catholic restrictions, First World War, 317–318 218 life after partition, 326–327 Northern Ireland after partition, 327 response to Home Rule movement, 286–290, 315–316 War of Independence, 322–323 39_570404 bindex.qxp 11/3/05 12:10 AM Page 410
410 Irish History For Dummies
William of Orange (brother-on-law of •W • James II), 208–210 William of Windsor (British leader), 114–115 Wallace, William (Scottish leader), 106 Williamite Wars, 208–210 Walters, Julie (actress), 216 Williams, Betty (Nobel Prize winner), 358 War of Independence, 106, 321–324 wind instrument, 26 Warbeck, Perkin (fake heir to British throne), wind measurement, 374–375 142–143, 144 winter of 1435, 126 warfare, 142, 204 women, 266 Wars of the Roses Wood, Katherine (mistress of Charles Battle of Pilltown, 132–133 Parnell), 282–283 Edward Poynings leadership, 144–145 wood preservative, 215 Geraldine’s authority after Pilltown battle, workhouse, 243, 259 133–139 writer, 302–303 overview, 127, 131–132 written language, 43–44, 375 plot against Henry VII, 141–144 rejection of Richard III, 140–141 weapons •Y • Emmet’s rebellion, 231 fifteenth century advances, 142 Yeats, Jack (artist), 303, 309 restrictions on Catholics, 217 Yeats, W.B. (writer), 302, 304, 305 Wedge Tombs (burial mounds), 25 Yorkist people Weissmuller, Johnny (actor), 331 Battle of Pilltown, 132–133 Wellesley, Arthur (Duke of Wellington), 249 Edward Poynings leadership, 144–145 Wentworth, Thomas (British leader), 190–192 Geraldine’s authority after Pilltown battle, West of Ireland region, 303, 307 133–139 Wexford (city), 203, 224 overview, 131–132 Whaley, Thomas (gambler), 387 plot against Henry VII, 141–144 Whig party (political party), 250 rejection of Richard III, 140–141 whiskey, 122, 215, 373 struggle between Henry VI and Richard Whiteboy movement, 385 Plantagenet, 128 Wilde, Oscar (writer), 302 Young Irelanders (reform organisation), William (British king), 218 252–253, 255