Episode 32 Questions for discussion 13th November 2018
US Midterm Elections 1. Briefly summarise the BTN US Midterm Elections story. 2. What are the midterm elections? 3. How many seats are in the House of Representatives? 4. How many of these seats went up for re-election? 5. What are the names of the major political parties in the US? 6. What words would you use to describe their campaigns? 7. The midterm elections can decide which party has the power in ______. 8. Before the midterms President Trump had control over both the houses. True or false? 9. About how many people vote in the US President elections? a. 15% b. 55% c. 90% 10. What do you understand more clearly since watching the BTN story?
Write a message about the story and post it in the comments section on the story page.
WWF Living Planet Report 1. In pairs, discuss the WWF Living Planet Report story and record the main points of the discussion. 2. Why are scientists calling the period since the mid-1900s The Great Acceleration? 3. What is happening to biodiversity? 4. Biodiversity includes… a. Plants b. Animals c. Bacteria d. All of the above 5. What percentage of the planet’s animals have been lost over the last 40 years? 6. What do humans depend on healthy ecosystems for? 7. What organisation released the report? 8. What does the report say we need to do to help the situation? 9. How did this story make you feel? 10. What did you learn watching the BTN story?
Check out the WWF Living Planet Report resource on the Teachers page. Get your class involved in BTN’s Ask A Reporter! This week’s topic is the WWF Living Planet Report.
Rubella Vaccination Success 1. Discuss the Rubella Vaccination Success story with another student.
©ABC 2018 2. Which organisation recently announced that the disease rubella has been eliminated in Australia? 3. What happens if pregnant women get rubella? 4. Who discovered the link between rubella and birth defects? 5. How many cases of rubella were documented during the worst outbreak in the 1960s? a. 3 hundred b. 3 thousand c. 3 million 6. When did Australia begin a vaccination program for girls aged 10-14? 7. What does the term ‘herd immunity’ mean? 8. Where else in the world is rubella free? 9. Which regions in the world don’t have very good vaccination programs? 10. What was surprising about this story?
Check out the Rubella Vaccination Success resource on the Teachers page.
History of Chocolate 1. Retell the BTN History of Chocolate story using your own words. 2. Cacao beans grow underground. True or false? 3. Which ancient civilisations first discovered cacao beans? 4. How did ancient civilisations use cacao beans? Give one example. 5. What did they mix with cacao beans to make the bitter drink ‘xocolatl’? 6. In what century did a Spanish explorer bring the bitter drink ‘xocolatl’ to Spain? a. 1200s b. 1500s c. 1900s 7. Why was the chocolate press invented? 8. What do you need to mix with cacao powder to get solid chocolate? 9. Where was milk chocolate invented? 10. What did you like about the History of Chocolate story?
Do the quiz on the BTN website.
World Drone Racing Champ 1. Discuss the World Drone Racing Champ story with another student. 2. How old is professional drone racer Rudi Browning? 3. How does Rudi build his drones? 4. Where in China did Rudi recently compete? Find using Google Maps. 5. How many competitors were in the competition? 6. How did Rudi feel competing in the championships? 7. What do you need if you want to start drone racing? 8. What does Rudi say is a good way to learn drone racing? 9. Team Australia came second in the team racing event. True or false? 10. Illustrate an aspect of the World Drone Racing Champ story.
Write a message about the story and post it in the comments section on the story page.
©ABC 2018
Episode 32 Teacher Resource 13th November 2018 WWF Living Planet Report
1. In pairs, discuss the WWF Living Planet Report story and record the Students will learn about Australia’s main points of the discussion. natural environment and examine the affect that human impact has on 2. Why are scientists calling the period since the mid-1900s The Great these environments. Acceleration? 3. What is happening to biodiversity? 4. Biodiversity includes… a. Plants
b. Animals Science – Year 5 c. Bacteria Living things have structural d. All of the above features and adaptations that help them to survive in their environment. 5. What percentage of the planet’s animals have been lost over the last 40 years? Science – Year 6 6. What do humans depend on healthy ecosystems for? The growth and survival of living things are affected by physical 7. What organisation released the report? conditions of their environment. 8. What does the report say we need to do to help the situation? 9. How did this story make you feel? Science – Year 7 Classification helps organise the 10. What did you learn watching the BTN story? diverse group of organisms.
Interactions between organisms, including the effects of human activities can be represented by food chains and food webs. Note Taking Students take notes while watching the BTN WWF Living Planet Report story. After watching the story, students reflect on and organise the information into three categories. What information was...? • Positive • Negative or • Interesting
Glossary Students develop a glossary of words and terms that relate to the BTN WWF Living Planet Report story. Below are some words to get them started. Students will add words and meanings to their glossary as they come across unfamiliar words throughout their research. Students may want to consider using pictures and diagrams to illustrate meanings.
©ABC 2018
Biodiversity Living things Ecosystem
Conservation Threats to survival Climate
Habitat Population Resources
KWLH Discuss the BTN WWF Living Planet Report story as a class. Clarify students’ understanding of terms such as threatened or endangered species, conservation, biodiversity and ecosystem. What questions were raised in the discussion (what are the gaps in their knowledge)? The following KWLH organiser provides students with a framework to explore their knowledge on this topic and consider what they would like to know and learn.
What do I What do I want What have I How will I know? to know? learnt? find out?
Topics of inquiry Students will determine a focus for their inquiry within an area of interest, for example, make a prediction or develop a key research question.
Students will develop their own question/s for inquiry, below are some examples. • What are some of the main threats to the survival of wildlife? Choose one animal and research the threats to its survival. • What do you think could be done to help protect the different habitats and animals in Australia? • Why should we protect wildlife biodiversity? Write a persuasive piece of writing explaining your reasons. • What happens when an animal becomes extinct? If one species in the food chain becomes extinct how would it affect the rest of the chain? Choose an endangered species and explore its role in the food chain. • How can we convince people that this is a serious problem? Think of creative ways to raise awareness about the issues raised in the BTN WWF Living Planet Report story. • What might happen if we don’t look after our wildlife? What would the populations of animal species look like in 30 years’ time? Make some predictions. • Who do you think should be responsible for looking after the health of our wildlife? List some of the responsibilities of individuals, communities and the government. Think of ways you can make a difference at home and at school. • How can individuals make a difference and help protect our wildlife? Look at the way individuals like Boyan Slat or Molly Steer have increased awareness about the issue. Watch these BTN stories to learn more about Molly Steer and Boyan Slat.
©ABC 2018
Link Link
As a starting point for their research, students can watch the following BTN stories which explore some of the issues.
Link Link
Understanding biodiversity Hold a class discussion about the information raised in the BTN WWF Living Planet Report story. Create a class mind map with Habitats or Biodiversity in the middle. Use the following questions to guide discussion:
• What is an organism? What’s the difference between a plant and an animal? • What do you know about habitats? • What do you know about ecosystems? • Describe some of the habitats around your school and list some of the animals and plants you might find there. • Is there a variety of animals and plants in these habitats? Discuss. • What is biodiversity? • Why is biodiversity important?
Assessing the biodiversity around your school Students will investigate native plants and animals found in their local area and present their findings to the school community in an interesting way (students will choose one or more of the following activities).
• What plant and animal species are found in your local area? Carry out an assessment of your school’s natural habitat and list the different plants and animals that call it home. • Students will each choose a different species of animal to research and record their findings. Students will share and compare their findings with other students in the class. • Contact a ranger at park near your school to learn more about the local animal and plant species.
©ABC 2018 • Share what you’ve learnt with your school community – run a guided tour or a QR coding system for plants. • Hold a tree planting day at your school to improve the natural habitat. • Play QuestaGame the real-world mobile game where you compete to save life on earth. • Create a habitat garden at your school. Students research the habitat requirements of a native bird and design a school garden to increase the amount of habitat available to the species in your area. Contact your local council for tips and hints on what works in your area.
Research project Students will investigate a native Australian animal that is a threatened species and create a profile of them. Ask students what they know about threatened species. Can they name any?
Using the Australian Government’s list of threatened fauna students choose a threatened Australian species to research. They record their information on the Research Project: Threatened Species template. Students will research the following for their project: • Name • Appearance • Habitat • Conservation status • Threats • What is being done to protect the species?
Students can share their research findings with the class or create a display in the classroom.
Reporter for a Day Students will be a reporter for a day. Investigate the issues highlighted in the BTN WWF Living Report story and write a newspaper article or online news report for kids.
Things to think about: • Think about the language and tone you will use in your report. Is it appropriate for a young audience? • Write a headline that is short and to the point. • Use words and pictures in your report. Use captions for any photos included in your report. • Find information from a variety of sources • Present the facts and/or opinions clearly and accurately.
World Wildlife Fund – A warning sign from our planet: Nature needs life support https://www.wwf.org.uk/updates/living-planet-report-2018
©ABC 2018 WWF – Living Planet Report 2018 Summary https://s3.amazonaws.com/wwfassets/downloads/lpr2018_summary_report_spreads.pdf
ABC News – More than half the world’s vertebrates have disappeared since 1970; WWF sounds warning https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2018-10-30/wwf-species-loss-living-planet/10434956
CBBC Newsround - Humans are wiping out global wildlife populations warns WWF https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/46030682
©ABC 2018
Episode 32 Teacher Resource 13th November 2018 Vaccination Success
Students will develop a deeper understanding of what vaccines are and their role in reducing the spread 1. Discuss the Rubella Vaccination Success story with another student. of disease. 2. Which organisation recently announced that the disease rubella has
been eliminated in Australia? 3. What happens if pregnant women get rubella? 4. Who discovered the link between rubella and birth defects? 5. How many cases of rubella were documented during the worst outbreak
in the 1960s? Science – Years 5 & 6 a. 3 hundred Scientific knowledge is used to b. 3 thousand solve problems and inform personal and community decisions. c. 3 million 6. When did Australia begin a vaccination program for girls aged 10-14? Communicate ideas, explanations 7. What does the term ‘herd immunity’ mean? and processes using scientific representations in a variety of ways, 8. Where else in the world is rubella free? including multi-modal texts. 9. Which regions in the world don’t have very good vaccination programs? 10. What was surprising about this story? Science – Year 7 Solutions to contemporary issues that are found using science and technology, may impact on other areas of society and may involve ethical considerations.
Class Discussion Before watching the BTN Rubella Vaccination Success story, ask students what they already know about vaccines/vaccinations. Here are some discussion starters:
• What is a vaccine? • What vaccines do you know about? • What vaccines have you received? • How do vaccines work? • What impact have vaccines had on controlling disease? • Why are most vaccinations given in the early years of a person’s life? • Why is it important to vaccinate against rare diseases? • Do you think vaccines are important? Why? • What is the future of vaccinations? Predict what vaccines may be available in your lifetime.
Glossary Students will brainstorm a list of words that relate to the BTN Rubella Vaccination Success story. Students will then use the words to write their own sentences about the issue. Students may want to use pictures and diagrams to illustrate the meaning and create their own glossary. Here are some words to get you started.
©ABC 2018
• Vaccination • Immunity • Disease • Rubella • Vaccine • Infection
Students watch the following BTN vaccination videos to learn more about the issue.
Vaccination Row Vaccination Debate
Vaccinations Polio Return
Six Hat Thinking Working in pairs, students use Edward De Bono’s Six Hat Thinking to explore the issues raised in the BTN Rubella Vaccination Success story. Ask students to respond to the following questions: How did the Rubella Vaccination Success story make you feel?
What do you know about vaccinations? What have you learnt from the story?
Were there any positives from the story? If so, what were they?
What are some of the negatives or challenges that you learnt from the story?
Why is it important to find out more about the issue?
What questions were raised during this activity? What do you want to learn further about this topic?
©ABC 2018
Research a Vaccine Students will investigate the impact a particular vaccine has had on controlling disease. Choose from one of the following:
Polio, MMR (measles, mumps, rubella), diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, hepatitis B or chicken pox.
• Describe the disease. What are the symptoms? Is the disease caused by a virus or bacteria? • Who is most at risk of getting the disease? • What impact did the disease have? • How does the vaccine work? How often should a person be vaccinated? • What impact has the vaccine had on controlling the disease worldwide? • What are some interesting facts about the vaccine?
Impact of Vaccines Ask students to examine the following maps:
Source: BioEd Online
Students will investigate the impact vaccines have had on controlling disease. • What does it show about the control of polio in the past 26 years? • Which countries are yet to eliminate polio?
Students then research a vaccine such as Polio, MMR (measles, mumps, rubella), diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, hepatitis B or chicken pox. • Describe the disease. What are the symptoms? Is the disease caused by a virus or bacteria? • Who is most at risk of getting the disease? • What impact did the disease have? • How does the vaccine work? How often should a person be vaccinated? • What impact has the vaccine had on controlling the disease worldwide?
©ABC 2018
History of vaccines Students match the scientist to the disease they helped prevent by playing the Pioneer Breakthroughs matching game. The History of Vaccines website also has an interactive timeline which highlights significant events in the history of diseases and vaccines.
Herd immunity Vaccinations can protect not only individuals from disease but the people around them as well. Students watch the short video that explains what herd immunity is and how it works. They can then answer the following questions:
• What is herd immunity? • How does herd immunity work? • When no one is immunised, contagious diseases can… • When ______are immunised, contagious diseases are stopped, preventing outbreaks. • For a contagious disease like measles, ______% of the population needs to be vaccinated for herd immunity from the virus. • Who does herd immunity protect?
World Health Organization – Singapore wipes out measles; Australia, Brunei Darussalam and Macao SAR eliminate rubella http://www.who.int/westernpacific/news/detail/31-10-2018-singapore-wipes-out-measles-australia-brunei- darussalam-and-macao-sar-%28china%29-eliminate-rubella
World Health Organization – Rubella http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rubella
The Conversation – Australia has eliminated rubella – but that doesn’t mean it can’t come back https://theconversation.com/australia-has-eliminated-rubella-but-that-doesnt-mean-it-cant-come-back- 106056
BTN – Vaccinations http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s3512683.htm
The History of Vaccines – How Vaccines Work https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/how-vaccines-work
©ABC 2018 BTN: Episode 32 Transcript 13/11/18
Hey. I'm Amelia and you're watching BTN. Here's what's coming up.
• Find out how many species of animals have been lost in the past 40 years. The answer might surprise you.
• Celebrate the end of another serious disease.
• And meet the Aussie kid who's just been crowned the best drone racer in the world.
US Midterm Elections
Reporter: Matt Holbrook
INTRO: All that and more soon, but first. You would have seen a lot of this man the past week after America held a big election. But, despite the fact that he campaigned a lot, the presidency wasn't actually on the ballot paper. Here's what was and why the result could still have a big impact on the US in the years ahead.
When you're the President of the United States, everyone's got an opinion.
WOMAN: They feel that he is the worst thing that could have happened to America.
MAN: Doing like Trump says I'm trying to make America great again.
MAN: He’s definitely very different than any president we’ve seen.
And there's no beating a good old-fashioned vote to really find out what people think of you. Although just to be clear, the President's job wasn't up for grabs.
These are midterm elections. Normally just called midterms. And it's when American voters get to decide who represents them in Congress. That's this place, America's version of our parliament. It's made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Reps is a lot bigger than ours, it has 435 seats and every single one of those went up for re-election. While in the Senate, which has six-year terms, just 35 seats were up for grabs.
Politicians, including from both major parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican party, campaigned pretty hard for seats. And it's fair to say that at times things got a bit weird and a little explosive. Both sides had some powerful help. Over just six days, President Trump held 11 campaign events across eight states, all in support of Republican candidates. While the Democrats went more edible. Hello Barack Obama, bringer of donuts. Even though midterms are baby elections, there is a good reason people take them so seriously. They can decide which party has the power in Congress, because just like in Australia, introducing laws means passing them through both houses. Donald Trump represents the Republican Party, and before the midterms, the Republicans controlled both houses.
It's helped President Trump do things like introduce tax cuts, and rewrite or undo Barack Obama's
©ABC 2018 environmental policies. But that's all about to change. The Democrats have now won more seats than the Republicans in the House of Representatives. So, some of Trump's policies like building a giant wall along the border of Mexico, are going to be much, much harder to get through.
NANCY PELOSI, DEMOCRATIC PARTY: Today is more than about Democrats and Republicans, it's about restoring the Constitution's checks and balances to the Trump administration.
The midterms are about more than just seats and policy. They're also seen as a good indicator of how people are feeling about the President at the half way mark of their 4-year term. Unlike here in Australia, voting's not compulsory in the US. Only around 55 per cent of people vote in Presidential elections, and even fewer come out for midterms, about 40 per cent.
But these midterms saw record numbers, meaning people were really keen to show how happy or how unhappy they are, with how their country's being run right now. Because of the result, experts predict things will get even more heated over the next two years. New laws will need the co- operation of both sides, with the Republicans strongly holding onto the Senate, and the Democrats in control of the House of Reps. So, it could be a very long two years, or a very short two years, depending on how you look at it.
This Week in News
First up. You might have heard about an attack that took place in Melbourne last week.
At about 4 O’clock on Friday afternoon police were called to Bourke Street in the Melbourne CBD after a man set his car on fire and then attacked three people, killing one and injuring the other two.
Police were quickly on the scene and were able to stop the man before anyone else was harmed.
On Sunday tens of thousands of people gathered around the country to mark Remembrance Day and the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Armistice that brought an end to WWI. There was a ceremonial flyover in Melbourne. In Sydney dignitaries laid wreaths and poppies at the Pool of Reflection. While this new ANZAC bell tolled for the first time in Perth. And at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra, the PM and other leaders paid their respects.
Many countries overseas marked the date too. In Europe the leaders of countries that fought against each other in the war came together to pay their respects and celebrate peace. And the Queen led commemorations at Westminster Abbey in London
And check out the latest tech in China.
ROBOT: Hello everyone I'm an English artificial intelligence anchor. This is my very first day in Xinhau news agency.
Yep, it's an Artificial Intelligence news reader. China's state news agency is trialling it to present
©ABC 2018 stories online. It says this guy can work 24/7 and he's cheap, although perhaps lacking in the charm department.
WWF Living Planet Report
Reporter: Ruby Cornish
INTRO: Next up some bad news for animal lovers. A new report says 60% of mammal, fish, bird, amphibian and reptile species have been lost since 1970 that’s around the time most of your parents were kids. Let’s find out how that happened.
Imagine going to visit some of your favourite animals, only to find out there are no animals to see. A world without animals would be pretty devastating, and the scary thing is our future could look like this. Since the mid-1900s the global population's exploded and the impact we humans are having on the natural environment has increased dramatically. It's a period of time scientists have dubbed ‘The Great Acceleration’.
In lots of ways, taking advantage of our planet's resources has been great. Many countries have seen big improvements to health, wealth and the availability of food. But there's a flipside to this progress.
As we change, pollute and destroy the habitats of wild animals we're also waving goodbye to our biodiversity. You can think of biodiversity as the 'web of life.' It includes all living things like plants, animals and bacteria, and the ecosystems they're part of. It's essentially the structure that all life relies on to survive. The World Wildlife Foundation says thanks to human activity, over the past 40 years or so, we've lost 60% of our planet's birds, mammals, fish and amphibians.
The places worst hit are in the tropics. In South America and Central America, the number's closer to 90%. Globally at the moment we are completely failing to tackle the loss of nature on the planet and that's gotta stop now.
It's not only the animals that suffer from this decline. It's bad for us humans too. We depend on healthy ecosystems for things like food production, medicine and clean air and water. Not to mention for our fun outdoor adventure holidays. This is me on one.
So are things going to get even worse? Well, the World Wildlife Foundation says yes, if we don't take action fast. It says that action should include things like putting strict limits on our greenhouse gas emissions, spending more money on renewable energy like wind and solar, and finding cleaner, greener ways to produce our food.
Overall the report says things need to change quickly if we want to avoid living in a world where weird, wonderful, wild creatures are confined to picture books and made of stuffing.
Ask a Reporter
Do you have any questions about this wildlife report? Ask me on Friday during ask a reporter. Head to our website for the deets. Quiz
What is the largest mammal on earth?
African Elephant
©ABC 2018 Blue Whale
Giant Squid
The answer is: Blue Whale
Rubella Vaccination Success
Reporter: Ruby Cornish
INTRO: Okay now to some good news. After many years of vaccinations, rubella has officially been eradicated from Australia. Here's how a simple needle can defeat a whole disease.
Have you ever had a vaccination? They're not exactly fun, but as a new announcement demonstrates, they are super important. The World Health Organisation's just declared that rubella is now a thing of the past here in Australia. And once you know a bit about what rubella is, it's easy to see why that's really, really, really, really good news.
Rubella, also known as German measles, is an infection that's spread the same way as other viruses, through particles in the air. The symptoms are generally pretty mild. Things like a rash, a runny nose or a headache. Often, people don't even know they have it.
But if pregnant women get it, especially in the first few months of their pregnancy, that can cause big problems. Their babies are really likely to be born with something called congenital rubella syndrome, which can make them deaf, blind, or give them serious, life-long illnesses. It was actually an amazing Aussie doctor who discovered the link between rubella and birth defects back in the 1940s. This guy, Sir Norman McAlister Gregg.
During Australia's worst rubella outbreaks, thousands of mothers and babies were infected. In 1963 - 64, for example there were more than 3,000 documented cases of rubella. So, in 1971 Australia began a huge vaccination program for girls aged 10-14 and women who might be susceptible. Similar programs were launched in other countries, too, and together they worked wonders.
If most of the people in a country are vaccinated against something the disease can't spread, and eventually it can disappear altogether. That's called 'herd immunity' and it’s exactly what happened with rubella.
In 2015, the Americas became the first region in the world to be declared rubella-free, and now Australia's been added to the list. The mission to rid the world of rubella is going pretty well. Between 2000 and 2016, reported rubella cases fell by 97 per cent.
Unfortunately, there are still lots of places in the world, particularly regions in Africa and South East Asia, that don't have very good vaccination programs. That means if we're not careful the virus could make a comeback here in Oz, so the vaccinations won't stop anytime soon. Babies still get a jab when they're 12 months old and again 6 months later to immunise them against rubella, measles and mumps, to make extra sure these deadly diseases don't make an unwelcome return.
Fierce Girls Promo
Have you listened to the new season of Fierce Girls? It's an awesome podcast for kids that tells the stories of Australian girls with guts, determination and spirit who grew up to be pioneering,
©ABC 2018 powerful, unstoppable women.
Each episode is narrated by another totally fierce Australian woman and lucky me, I got to be one of them.
My episode is out now and it's all about The Girl Who Turned Trash into Treasure. Here's a peak.
Veena was always late home from school. She was usually dilly-dallying and dawdling through slums – those are over-crowded areas, filled with the poorest people living in run-down shacks surrounded by seas of pollution.
But Veena didn't look at slums that way. She saw them as homes of innovators and entrepreneurs people trying to make something of nothing, people who found treasure in trash.
You can hear the rest of Veena’s story on Fierce Girls. Get it on the ABC Listen App or wherever you get your podcasts.
History of Chocolate
Reporter: Jack Evans
INTRO: Okay this next story is a pretty delicious one. Researchers have recently discovered that chocolate was invented at least 1500 years earlier than previously thought. So, we're using the discovery as an excuse to find out all about the history of this sweet treat and maybe eat a few blocks along the way.
JACK: Oh Chocolate, why do you taste so good? Where did you come from? Did you just fall out of the sky one day and land in my hands and my heart? What are your secrets? If only I had the knowledge of some sort of, I don't know, kooky man who works in a factory that makes chocolate. Wait a second.
AMELIA: Hey Jack, can I have some of that chocolate? Jack? Jack?
JACK: Yoo hoo. It's me Billy Bonka. Of Billy Bonka's Chocolate Factory. Look I'm a big deal in Europe alright and I just so happen to know a thing or two about chocolate.
AMELIA: Ok but have you got any actual chocolate?
JACK: Ha ha. No.
AMELIA: Oh.
JACK: But I do know a group of people who might be able to help.
Let’s go back 5,300 years to Central America where the ancient Aztec and Mayan civilisations first discovered cacao beans, which came from the cacao tree. They loved these beans so much they used them in religious ceremonies and as offerings to the gods - lucky gods. And they even used the beans as a form of money. But I don't think they looked like these chocolate coins.
They also ground roasted cacao beans with water to make a bitter tasting drink called xocolatl. In the 1500s a Spanish explorer brought the bitter drink back to Spain. At first, they used it to treat
©ABC 2018 upset stomachs. But after mixing it with honey, sugar or something else sweet, they soon discovered it made a very delicious drink. And about a hundred years later the rich people of Europe were drinking it in places called chocolate houses - fancy.
AMELIA: You’re right about it being bitter. Hey Billy, have you got any of that block stuff?
JACK: We're getting there.
That block stuff was made thanks to an invention by Dutch chemist and chocolate maker, Coenraad Johannes van Houten. He invented something called the chocolate press in 1828. It was a machine that could separate the cacao beans into fat, or cocoa butter, and a powder. Van Houten discovered that when you mixed the powder back with the cocoa butter you got the solid chocolate we know today. It was not long after that a Swiss chocolatier named Daniel Peter added powdered milk to the mixture giving us milk chocolate.
Today Chocolate factories just like this one. Ok, maybe not like that one. That's better. Today Chocolate factories like this one use a similar process. Although they have bigger machines that can make all sorts of different chocolate treats for us to enjoy.
AMELIA: Ok, ok, can I have some of those treats now?
JACK: Amelia, I'm not actually Billy Bonka. I don't own a chocolate factory. It's me Jack, this is a wig.
AMELIA: Yes, I know, but you were eating chocolate before. Can I please have some?
JACK: No, I wasn't
Did You Know?
White chocolate is technically not chocolate because it doesn't contain cocoa solids. It is, however, still pretty tasty.
Sport
Things are going pretty well for the Aussie women's cricket team over in the Caribbean.
They beat Pakistan in their first world 20-20 match on Friday and then backed it up with a win against Ireland.
Ireland set a pretty low target of 93 and the Aussies easily chased that down thanks to a 50 from Alyssa Healy.
©ABC 2018 Meanwhile things aren't going so well for the men. The Aussies lost their last one-dayer against South Africa in Hobart and therefore the series. It brings Australia's losing streak to five One Day International series in a row. Ouch.
To China. Some of the best BMXers around have put their freestyling skills to the test at the Urban Cycling World Championships.
USA dominated in both the men's and women's events. Perris Benegas impressed with a score of 93 in her final run.
PERRIS BENEGAS: It is unreal, I don't even know how to explain it. I am over the moon right now, just so happy to have this opportunity and to walk away wearing this jersey and it's just crazy.
And last up to tennis. How better to use your power on the court than by forcing a whole stadium to sing happy birthday to your wife.
That's what world number 8 Kevin Anderson did after he won his first match at the ATP Finals in London. Happy birthday to you.
World Drone Racing Champ
Rookie Reporter: Rudi
INTRO: Finally, today. We wanted to introduce you to fifteen-year old Rudi. He’s an Aussie kid who's just been crowned world champ at the World Drone Racing Championships in China. Here is his story.
RUDI, DRONE RACER: Hi, I'm Rudi Browning, I'm 15 years old and I'm a professional drone racer from Brisbane. Drone racing is essentially racing and building drones. I've got a soldering iron and a workshop at home. I've also got a local park near me where I’m often training and building and fixing and racing. It's really fun and I enjoy it. I qualified for the FAI world championships in Shenzhen based on an event I went to in Sydney. I placed highly in that event qualifying me for the race in the China. The race in China had over 127 competitors from 34 different countries so there was brutal competition. I'm super happy to have taken away the win.
When I crossed the line in first place I was so overwhelmed and so happy. So much work and dedication has gone into this racing. I've had a lot of bad luck and I feel like it's made this win even sweeter. Back home my parents and a bunch of other friends were watching the livestream on a big tv and apparently it was super intense. Everyone was super happy and yeah, good result.
Drone racing is great for kids from all ages, it's a good family environment, good community, it's really fun. In order to start drone racing you need a controller that's got the two joysticks, and that's how you control it. You also need a pair of Virtual Reality goggles also known as FPV goggles or First-Person View. That way you can see the camera and what's happening on the drone live with zero latency, it's amazing. There's heaps of Facebook forums and groups and YouTube videos on how to get into it. It's really accessible because the internet's got heaps of information, people
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So team Australia also came first in the team racing event. Korea was some fierce competition I knew it'd be close. I'm just so happy to have won and so happy it ended the way it did. There's a series called DCL the Drone Championships League. There's 16 races in 8 different countries all around the world, starting in Switzerland. That's very exciting. Team FPVR and Australia will be representing. Should be a really exciting next year.
I can't wait to continue with it and see what the future has to hold.
Closer
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