Table Of Contents 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE WATERSHED ANALAYSIS OBJECTIVES 9 CHAPTER TWO CHARACTERIZATION 11 INTRODUCTION 11 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION 11 LANDSCAPE OWNERSHIP, ALLOCATIONS, AND MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES 14 CORE TOPICS 14 GEOLOGIC FEATURES/GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES 14 Regional Geology and Tectonic Setting 15 Localized Geology 15 Geologic Units of the Upper Lemolo, Diamond Lake Watershed Analysis Area 15 Surficial Deposits 17 Geomorphic Processes 20 SOIL 21 Watershed Soil Development and Parent Material 21 Identifying the soils of the Watershed 21 HYDROLOGY 23 LAKES 29 LEMOLO LAKE 29 Physical Habitat 29 Water Quality 32 DIAMOND LAKE 37 Physical Habitat 37 Water Quality 39 Subalpine Lakes 60 Physical Habitat 60 Water Quality 61 STREAM CHANNEL 64 Poole Creek 68 North Umpqua River 69 Spring River 69 Bradley Creek 70 Warrior Creek 70 Tolo Creek 71 Lake Creek 71 Thielsen Creek 72 Sheep Creek 72 Silent Creek 72 VEGETATION 73 Coarse Woody Material 73 Fire Disturbance 76 Endangered, Threatened, and Sensitive Plant Species 76 Noxious Weeds 76 SPECIES AND HABITATS 76 Wildlife And Human Interactions 76 HUMAN USES 81 Lemolo and Diamond Lakes Watershed Analysis 2 Table of Contents Recreation 81 Diamond Lake Recreation Area 82 The Lemolo Lake Recreation Area 85 Wilderness/OCRA 87 Dispersed/Other 87 Trails 88 Visuals 88 Forest Products 88 CHAPTER THREE ISSUES AND KEY QUESTIONS 89 INTRODUCTION 89 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT 89 ISSUES 89 ISSUES AND KEY QUESTIONS 90 Timber Harvest/Sustained Yield/Site Productivity 90 Transportation System/Forest Service Road Management 90 Water Quality and Fisheries 91 Recreation 91 Diamond Lake 91 Lemolo Lake 91 Other Areas 91 Wilderness 92 Wildlife 92 Vegetation Management 92 Fire Disturbance 92 Heritage Resources 92 CHAPTER FOUR REFERENCE AND CURRENT CONDITION, SYNTHESIS, AND INTERPRETATION 93 INTRODUCTION 93 CORE TOPICS 93 GEOLOGIC FEATURES/GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES/SOIL 93 Reference Conditions 93 Current Condition 95 SOIL 96 HYDROLOGY 97 Floods 100 Low Flows 101 Water Quality 102 Water Quality Standards 104 LAKES 105 LEMOLO LAKE 105 Water Quality And Species Habitat 105 DIAMOND LAKE 107 Water Quality And Species Habitat 107 SUBALPINE LAKES 121 Lemolo and Diamond Lakes Watershed Analysis Table Of Contents 3 Current Conditions in Calamut, Lucille, and Maidu Lakes 121 Reference Conditions 121 Projected Future Conditions 121 STREAM CHANNELS 121 VEGETATION 125 Sensitive Plant Species 125 Noxious Weeds 126 Vegetative Structure and Pattern 127 Coarse Woody Material 130 Fire Disturbance 131 SPECIES AND HABITATS 141 Resident Fish Species and Habitat 141 Insects and Pathogens 147 Resident Terrestrial Species 152 HUMAN USES 160 Recreation 160 Human Occupation 178 Forest Products 182 Transportation System 187 CHAPTER FIVE RECOMMENDATIONS AND ANSWERS TO THE KEY QUESTIONS 195 INTRODUCTION 195 Timber Harvest/Sustained Yield/Site Productivity 195 Transportation System/Road Management 200 Water Quality and Fisheries 209 Recreation 209 Diamond Lake 209 Lemolo Lake 213 Other Areas 215 Wilderness 217 Wildlife 218 Vegetation 219 Fire Disturbance 219 Heritage Resources 228 CHAPTER SIX LIST OF PREPARERS 231 CHAPTER SEVEN REFERENCES 235 Lemolo and Diamond Lakes Watershed Analysis 4 Table of Contents List of Figures FIGURE 1. VICINITY MAP OF THE LEMOLO-DIAMOND LAKE WATERSHED ANALYSIS AREA. 12 FIGURE 2. LAND ALLOCATIONS 13 FIGURE 3. GEOTERRAIN 16 FIGURE 4. DIAGRAM OF ADSORPTION AND CAPILLARY EFFECT IN SANDY SOILS (DEPICTION ADAPTED FROM HILLEL 1980.) 23 FIGURE 5. CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA AT LEMOLO LAKE (MEAN MONTHLY PRECIPITATION DATA FROM 1978-96 AND MEAN MONTHLY TEMPERATURE DATA FROM 1978-95, FROM U.S.D.A. FOREST SERVICE 1997B). 25 FIGURE 6. CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA AT DIAMOND LAKE (MEAN MONTHLY PRECIPITATION DATA FROM 1980-96 AND MEAN MONTHLY TEMPERATURE DATA FROM 1987-96, FROM U.S.D.A. FOREST SERVICE 1997B). 25 FIGURE 7. COMPARISON OF MEAN MONTHLY ADJUSTED FLOW OF THE NORTH UMPQUA RIVER BELOW LEMOLO LAKE (1968-1996) AND MEAN MONTHLY PRECIPITATION AT LEMOLO (1978-1996) (U.S.D.A. FOREST SERVICE 1997B). 26 FIGURE 8. COMPARISON OF MEAN MONTHLY FLOW OF LAKE CR. AT DIAMOND LAKE (1923- 1984) AND PRECIPITATION AT DIAMOND LAKE (1980-1996). 27 FIGURE 9. SECCHI DISK TRANSPARENCY IN DIAMOND LAKE 52 FIGURE 10. FLOW DURATION CURVES 65 FIGURE 11. LEMOLO/DIAMOND LAKE 5TH AND 6TH FIELD WATERSHEDS ABOVE LEMOLO DAM.67 FIGURE 12. PLANT SERIES 74 FIGURE 13. PLANT SERIES/ECOCLASS 75 FIGURE 14. DIAMOND LAKE RECREATION AREA 83 FIGURE 15. LEMOLO LAKE RECREATION AREA 86 FIGURE 16. COMPARISON OF 1997 SUMMER FLOW DISCHARGE TO DRAINAGE AREA FOR SELECTED STREAMS IN THE LEMOLO/DIAMOND LAKE WATERSHED.LINER REGRESSION AND R2 INCLUDED TO SHOW A LINEAR RELATIONSHIP, WHERE Y IS EQUAL TO LOW FLOW IN CFS AND X IS DRAINAGE ARE IN SQUARE MILES. 99 FIGURE 17. ANNUAL FALL LOW FLOWS, NORTH UMPQUA RIVER, BELOW LEMOLO GAGE NO. 14313500 (DATA FROM 1928-1954). 102 FIGURE 18. SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION RATES (SAR) FOR DIAMOND LAKE SEDIMENTS COMPUTED USING THE CRS MODEL OF APPLEBY AND OLDFIELD (1978) AS MODIFIED BY BINFORD (1990) FOR OLD AGE DATES. THE ESTIMATED LONG-TERM SAR RANGE PRIOR TO DEVELOPMENT, BASED ON 14C DATING, IS SHOWN AS A VERTICAL BAR 110 FIGURE 19. PERCENT ABUNDANCE OF THE EIGHT MOST ABUNDANT DIATOM TAXA IN DIAMOND LAKE SEDIMENTS 111 FIGURE 20. THE PROPORTION OF DIATOM COMMUNITY CLASSIFIED IN DIAMOND LAKE PLOTTED AGAINST DEPTH IN SEDIMENT (CM). THE GROUPS OF DIATOMS ARE EPIPHYTES (), ATTACHED (), PLANKTONIC(), AND TYCOPLANKTONIC(). 112 FIGURE 21. HISTORIC STAND STRUCTURE 128 FIGURE 22. CURRENT STAND STRUCTURE 129 Lemolo and Diamond Lakes Watershed Analysis Table Of Contents 5 FIGURE 23. NUMBER OF FIRES BY CAUSE BY DECADE 135 FIGURE 24. FUEL MODEL DISTRIBUTIONS 137 FIGURE 25. WILDLIFE 156 FIGURE 26. TIMBER HARVEST BY DECADE 183 Lemolo and Diamond Lakes Watershed Analysis 6 Table of Contents List of Tables TABLE 1. LAND ALLOCATIONS 14 TABLE 2. WATER QUALITY COLLECTED FROM LEMOLO LAKE, JUNE 1992 THROUGH SEPTEMBER 1994 35 TABLE 3. DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN LEMOLO LAKE 36 TABLE 4. PH IN LEMOLO LAKE 36 TABLE 5. CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION (G/L) IN STREAMS NEAR LEMOLO LAKE 36 TABLE 6. FISHERY CHARACTERISTICS IN LEMOLO LAKE 37 TABLE 7. MORPHOMETRY OF DIAMOND LAKE 38 TABLE 8. CONCENTRATIONS OF PHOSPHORUS (G/L) IN DIAMOND LAKE 41 TABLE 9. SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF 66 CASCADE LAKES 42 TABLE 10. PHOSPHOROUS LOADING TO DIAMOND LAKE IN KG/YR. 42 TABLE 11. AMMONIA (NH3-N), NITRATE (NO3-N) AND TOTAL INORGANIC NITROGEN (TIN) CONCENTRATIONS IN DIAMOND LAKE (G/L). 43 TABLE 12. TOTAL INORGANIC NITROGEN/TOTAL PHOSPHOROUS (MASS RATIO) 44 TABLE 13. INORGANIC NITROGEN BUDGET (KG/YR) FOR DIAMOND LAKE 44 TABLE 14. SILICA IN DIAMOND LAKE 45 TABLE 15. ION CHEMISTRY OF DIAMOND LAKE 47 TABLE 16. TROPHIC STATE CLASSIFICATION OF DIAMOND LAKE 49 TABLE 17. CARBON 14 PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY RATES FOR SELECTED CASCADE LAKES 50 TABLE 18. CHLOROPHYLL IN DIAMOND LAKE 51 TABLE 19. SECCHI DISK TRANSPARENCY IN DIAMOND LAKE 53 TABLE 20. SECCHI DISK TRANSPARENCY VERSUS PHYTOPLANKTON DENSITY AND BIOVOLUME IN DIAMOND LAKE 54 TABLE 21. DOMINANT PHYTOPLANKTON GENERA IN DIAMOND LAKE BASED ON NUMERICAL ABUNDANCE (CELLS/ML) 56 TABLE 22. SEASONAL DOMINANCE OF PHYTOPLANKTON TAXA FOR DIAMOND LAKE BASED ON NUMERICAL ABUNDANCE (CELLS/ML) 57 TABLE 23. PLANKTON ABUNDANCE IN DIAMOND LAKE (STATION D, CENTER) BASED ON BIOVOLUME. 59 TABLE 24. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUB-ALPINE LAKES IN THE LEMOLO LAKE WATERSHED 63 TABLE 25. CHEMISTRY OF THE SUB-ALPINE LAKES IN THE UMPQUA NATIONAL FOREST 63 TABLE 26. ESTIMATED MILES OF STREAM BY STREAM CLASS AND SUB-WATERSHED FOR THE LEMOLO/DIAMOND LAKE WATERSHED 66 TABLE 27. ESTIMATED RIPARIAN RESERVE ACRES BY SUB-WATERSHED FOR THE LEMOLO/DIAMOND LAKE WATERSHED. 68 TABLE 28. SUMMARY OF SUMMER 1997 LOW FLOW DISCHARGE TO DRAINAGE AREA.. 98 Lemolo and Diamond Lakes Watershed Analysis Table Of Contents 7 TABLE 29. WATER TEMPERATURES (F) FROM MONITORED STREAMS IN THE LAKE CREEK DRAINAGE. 104 TABLE 30. ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT BOUNDARY VALUES FOR FIXED TROPHIC CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM 116 TABLE 31. ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT BOUNDARY VALUES FOR OPEN TROPHIC CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM 117 TABLE 32. TROPHIC STATE INDEX (TSI) AND ITS ASSOCIATED PARAMETERS 118 TABLE 33. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OLIGOTROPHIC AND EUTROPHIC LAKES AND RESERVOIRS IN THE TEMPERATE ZON 119 TABLE 34. RESULTS OF PFANKUCH STREAM SURVEY FOR SELECTED ELEMENTS. VALUES ARE THE MEAN OF THE ELEMENTS WITH ALL REACHES OF THE IDENTIFIED STREAM CHANNEL. 123 TABLE 35. SUMMARY OF FISHERIES SURVEYS OF STREAMS IN LEMOLO/DIAMOND LAKE WATERSHED. 124 TABLE 36. VEGETATIVE STRUCTURAL CLASSES OF VEGETATION IN THE WATERSHED. 127 TABLE 37. AVERAGE FIRE RETURN INTERVAL IN YEARS 134 TABLE 38. SUMMARY OF DIAMOND LAKE RANGER DISTRICT FISH STOCKING RECORDS FROM THE PERIOD 1927 TO 1941 FOR STREAMS AND MOUNTAIN LAKES WITHIN THE ANALYSIS AREA. 144 TABLE 39. SUMMARY OF KNOWN SPOTTED OWL TERRITORIES AND SUITABLE HABITAT WITHIN THE LEMOLO/DIAMOND LAKE WATERSHED. 157 TABLE 40. DISTRIBUTION OF THE NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL HOME RANGES LOCATED IN THE LEMOLO/DIAMOND LAKE WATERSHED. 158 TABLE 41. PERSONS AT ONE TIME CAPACITY - DIAMOND LAKE RECREATION AREA 165 TABLE 42. WATER RIGHTS IN THE DIAMOND LAKE RECREATION AREA 166 TABLE 43. 1997 SITE OCCUPANCY - USFS DIAMOND LAKE AREA CAMPGROUNDS 167 TABLE 44. ACTIVITY OCCASIONS/VISITORS IN 1997- DIAMOND LAKE RECREATION AREA 168 TABLE 45. PERSONS AT ONE TIME (PAOT) CAPACITY - LEMOLO LAKE RECREATION AREA 169 TABLE 46. 1997 ACTIVITY OCCASIONS/VISITORS - LEMOLO LAKE RECREATION AREA 170 TABLE 47. OCRA CLASSIFICATION AND USE 171 TABLE 48. CAMPGROUND OCCUPANCY 1989 - 1997 FOR MAJOR CAMPGROUND FACILITIES 174 TABLE 49. DISTRIBUTION OF REGENERATION HARVEST BY SUB-WATERSHED 184 TABLE 50. AVAILABLE PLANT SERIES BY SUB-WATERSHED, ADJUSTED FOR UNMAPPED RIPARIAN RESERVE AND GREEN TREE RETENTION 185 TABLE 51. ESTIMATED QUANTITIES OF SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS HARVEST ANNUALLY 186 TABLE 52. MILES OF ROAD CONSTRUCTED BY DECADE 188 TABLE 53. MILES OF ROAD BY SURFACE TYPE 189 TABLE 54.