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Agua Potable Y Saneamiento De Paraguay

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Agua Potable Y Saneamiento De Paraguay ACTUALIZACIÓN DEL ANÁLISIS SECTORIAL DE AGUA POTABLE Y SANEAMIENTO DE PARAGUAY ACTUALIZACIÓN DEL ANÁLISIS SECTORIAL DE AGUA POTABLE Y SANEAMIENTO DE PARAGUAY Paraguay. Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Comunicaciones Actualización del Análisis Sectorial de Agua Potable y Saneamiento de Paraguay. -- Asunción: OPS, 2010.-- 234 págs. ISBN 978-92-75-33102-6 ISBN 978-92-75-33200-9 1. AGUA POTABLE 2. PARAGUAY I. Titulo. 614.7/SA ©Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud (OPS/OMS), Representación en Paraguay. 2010 http://www.paho.org/par ÍNDICE DEL CONTENIDO PRÓLOGO 13 INTRODUCCIÓN 15 Principales características del país asociadas al sector de agua potable y saneamiento 15 Resumen de la evolución reciente del sector de agua potable y saneamiento en Paraguay 21 La situación rural 23 Reestructuración del sector de agua potable y saneamiento24 RESUMEN EJECUTIVO 27 1. Principales transformaciones en el sector de agua potable y saneamiento de paraguay en los últimos once años 29 1.1. Examen de las recomendaciones del análisis sectorial de 1998 30 1.2. Comentarios finales sobre el legado del análisis sectorial de 1998 34 2. Conflictos e impedimientos al desarrollo sectorial en la actualidad 35 3. Resumen de las proposiciones resultantes de la actualización del análisis sectorial 37 3.1. La planificación sectorial y las políticas públicas 37 3.2. Reordenamiento institucional del sector 38 3.3. La información sectorial 43 3.4. El sistema financiero sectorial 45 3.5. La adecuación de la legislación del sector 48 1. ANTECEDENTES 1 1.1. El análisis sectorial de agua potable y saneamiento de Paraguay en 1998 53 1.2. La actualización del análisis sectorial 53 1.3. El diagnóstico preliminar 54 1.3.1. En el orden de toma de decisiones políticas 54 1.3.2. En el orden legislativo y normativo 55 1.3.3. En el orden institucional 55 1.3.4. En el orden administrativo y gestión de los recursos 56 1.3.5. En el orden de innovación tecnológica y de gestión 57 2. DESARROLLO ACTUAL DEL SECTOR DE AGUA POTABLE Y SANEAMIENTO 9 2.1. Aspectos institucionales 61 2.1.1. El agua identificada como recurso hídrico 61 2.1.2. El agua como insumo base para la prestación de servicios 61 2.1.3. El sector de agua potable y saneamiento y su relación con otros sectores 63 2.1.4. Estructura organizacional del sector de agua potable y saneamiento de Paraguay 63 2.1.5. Instituciones y entidades relacionadas con el sector 66 2.1.5.1. Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Comunicaciones (MOPC) 66 2.1.5.2. Unidad de los Servicios de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado Sanitario (Usapas) 67 2.1.5.3. Ministerio de Hacienda 67 2.1.5.4. Servicio Nacional de Saneamiento Ambiental (Senasa) del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social (MSPyBS) 67 2.1.5.5. Ente Regulador de Servicios Sanitarios (Erssan) 67 2.1.5.6. Dirección General de Salud Ambiental (Digesa) 67 2.1.5.7. Empresa de Servicios Sanitarios de Paraguay (Essap) 67 2.1.5.8. Juntas de saneamiento 67 2.1.5.9 Aguateros, organismos operadores privados 67 2.1.5.10 Otros prestadores de servicios 68 2.1.5.11 Otros ministerios o dependencias que financian y construyen obras de infraestructura de agua potable 68 2.1.6. Aspectos institucionales críticos 68 2.1.6.1. La falta de claridad, definición y entendimiento en lo referente a los conceptos de titularidad de los servicios y rectoría del sector 68 2.1.6.2. La excesiva falta de sintonía en la institucionalización y consolidación de la Usapas, dependencia del MOPC, como el ente rector 68 2.1.6.3. La duplicidad de responsabilidades institucionales y la existencia de funciones sectoriales no claramente definidas 69 2.1.6.4. La necesidad de establecer políticas sectoriales y de estructuración y desarrollo de un sistema de planificación estratégica 70 2.1.6.5. La descoordinación entre actores y múltiples fuentes de financiamiento y de subsidios 70 2.1.6.6. Existencia de distintos actores responsables por la reglamentación de normas y procedimientos necesarios al desarrollo del sector y de los servicios. 70 2.1.6.7. Existencia de múltiples prestadores de servicios pequeños y superposición de prestadores en zonas urbanas 70 2.1.6.8. La falta de estructuración y orientación diferenciada de la asistencia técnica en términos de la naturaleza, tamaño y conformación gerencial y administrativa de los prestadores de servicios 70 2.1.6.9. La inexistencia un sistema integrado de información sectorial 70 2.1.6.10. La proliferación de iniciativas de proyectos de ley que se orientan a dar soluciones parciales y muy puntuales al marco institucional y jurídico del sector 70 2.2. Aspectos Financieros 70 2.2.1. Las inversiones en el sector 70 2.2.2. Las entidades ejecutoras del presupuesto nacional 73 2.2.2.1. Senasa 73 2.2.2.2. Instituciones extrasectoriales y ejecutoras del presupuesto nacional 74 2.2.2.3. La ESSAP 76 2.2.2.4. Otras entidades ejecutoras del presupuesto nacional 78 2.2.3. Estimación de inversiones de instituciones extrasectoriales al presupuesto nacional 79 2.2.4. Fuentes de financiamiento 80 2.2.5. Créditos y donaciones 81 2.2.6. Las tarifas 82 2.2.7. Aspectos financieros críticos 83 2.2.7.1. El esquema de prestación de los servicios 83 2.2.7.2. La política de asistencia financiera 83 2.2.7.3. La selección de beneficiarios para un financiamiento estatal 84 2.2.7.4. La política tarifaria 84 2.3. Aspectos jurídico–legales del sector 85 2.3.1. La constitución nacional 85 2.3.2. El Código Civil Paraguayo 86 2.3.3. La ley de los recursos hídricos del Paraguay 86 2.3.3.1. La ley de los recursos hídricos del Paraguay y sus principios 87 2.3.3.2. Otros principios de la ley de los recursos hídricos del Paraguay 88 2.3.3.3. Derechos de uso y aprovechamiento de los recursos hídricos 89 2.3.3.4. Permisos para el uso de los recursos hídricos 89 2.3.3.5. Concesiones para el uso de los recursos hídricos 90 2.3.4. El marco regulatorio de los servicios de agua potable y alcantarillado sanitario 90 2.3.5. El marco jurídico–legal y el contexto institucional del sector y de los servicios 91 2.3.5.1. La titularidad del servicio 91 2.3.5.2. El ente regulador de los servicios sanitarios 91 2.3.5.3. Los prestadores de los servicios 92 2.3.5.4. La concesión de la prestación del servicio 93 2.3.5.5. El permiso para la prestación del servicio 94 2.3.5.6. El proceso de concesión y de permiso de los servicios 97 2.3.5.7. Los derechos y obligaciones de los prestadores 97 2.3.5.8. La exclusividad de la prestación 98 2.3.6. El marco jurídico–legal y el contexto de los usuarios 98 2.3.7. El marco jurídico-legal y el contexto de la regulación para la utilización de los recursos naturales 98 2.3.8. El marco jurídico-legal y el contexto de la regulación de la prestación del servicio 99 2.3.9. El marco jurídico-legal y el contexto del régimen de bienes 100 2.3.10. El marco jurídico-legal y el contexto institucional del Senasa 101 2.3.10.1. La ley nº 369 y el decreto reglamentario n° 8.910 101 2.3.10.2. El Senasa y las juntas de saneamiento en el marco regulatorio 102 2.3.11. El marco jurídico-legal y el contexto institucional de la Essap 102 2.3.12. El marco jurídico-legal y el contexto institucional de los prestadores privados 102 2.3.13. El marco jurídico-legal y el contexto institucional de la unidad de los servicios de agua potable y alcantarillado sanitario (Usapas) 103 2.3.14. Aspectos críticos del marco legal 103 2.3.14.1. La determinación exacta de las funciones del MOPC como asistente del titular 103 2.3.14.2. La falta de referencia de la legislación sobre la rectoría del sector 105 2.3.14.3. La forma que deberá darse la delegación de la titularidad, respetando el orden prelativo institucional que dicta la ley 105 2.3.14.4. La forma que deberá darse en el proceso de regularización para el acceso a concesiones y permisos 105 2.3.14.5. El régimen de bienes afectados al servicio 105 2.3.14.6. El vacío legal en cuanto a la autorización del congreso nacional para las concesiones del servicio 105 2.3.14.7. La debilidad institucional y legal de la usapas: la unidad de los servicios de agua potable y alcantarillado sanitario 105 2.4. La prestación de los servicios 106 2.4.1. Desarrollo de la prestación de los servicios 106 2.4.2. Los prestadores de los servicios 108 2.4.2.1. Essap SA. 108 2.4.2.2. Las juntas de saneamiento 108 2.4.2.3. Las comisiones vecinales 109 2.4.2.4. Los organismos operadores privados 109 2.4.2.5. Otros operadores 110 2.4.3. Aspectos críticos de la prestación de los servicios 112 2.4.3.1. La cobertura de los servicios 112 2.4.3.2. La planificación del crecimiento de los servicios 113 2.4.3.3. La situación de la prestación de los servicios 115 3. COBERTURA Y CALIDAD DE LOS SERVICIOS DE AGUA POTABLE Y ALCANTARILLADO SANITARIO EN LA ACTUALIDAD 119 3.1.
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