Noqvitates PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y

AMERICAN MUSEUM Noqvitates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 2838, pp. 1-68, figs. 1-80, tables 1-6 February 26, 1986 Genenrc Descriptions of New World Lithinini (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)

FREDERICK H. RINDGE'

ABSTRACT The six genera ofLithinini from North America and Schajovskoy, 1959, is placed as a synonym of have been studied and described previously, but L. schajovskoyi (Sperry, 1954); as this leaves the practically nothing is known about the members former species that was incorrectly identified with- ofthis tribe from the remainder ofthe New World. out a name, Lacaria orfilai, new species, is pro- Moths from Chile and adjacent Argentina have posed for this taxon. been studied for this group, and a number of gen- Orfila and Schajovskoy, 1959, published the new era are defined. The following genera and their tribal name Lacarini. After studying the group, I type species (all described as new) are proposed: place the name Lacarini as ajunior subjective syn- Yalpa (Y. dalcahue), Callemo (C. monotonos), onym of Lithinini. Guara (G. rhaphis), Siopla (S. derance), Nucara All the genera included in this paper have some (N. recurva), Acauro (A. rotundus), Calta (C. la- of their diagnostic characters listed in several ta- mella), Yapoma (Y. chone), Duraglia (D. xanthe), bles, are fully described, and are separable by using and Laneco (L. suffuscus). The following generic the keys to the adults based on external mor- changes are proposed: Proteopharmacis Warren, phology and male genitalia. Illustrations for adults 1895, is placed as a junior subjective synonym of and genitalia of all the genera are included. Odontothera Butler, 1882; Catrielia Orfila and The difficulty with defining the Lithinini as a Schajovskoy, "1959" [1960], is placed as a junior monophyletic group, based on shared apomorphic subjective synonym of Euclidiodes Butler, 1895; characters ofthe adults, is discussed. It is suggested Incalvertia, replacement name and new status is that a careful analysis of the eggs, larvae, and pu- proposed for Calvertia Warren, 1908, not Bour- pae will have to be undertaken before any defin- guignat, 1880. itive characterization ofthe group can be obtained. On the specific level, Lacaria monrosi Orfila

INTRODUCTION For a number of years, I have been work- into genera, and then grouping the genera into ing on curating the extensive collection of possible tribal units. There is an almost com- Ennominae (Geometridae) from Chile in the plete lack of literature on the tribes or tribal collection of the American Museum of Nat- classification ofSouth American Ennominae; ural History. In addition to working with the the one exception is my recent paper on the specimens, genitalic dissections ofboth sexes Nacophorini (Rindge, 1983). While doing this were made; these dissections usually served curatorial work, it became evident that a sig- as the primary means of placing the species nificant part of the Chilean fauna on which

I was working included a group of usually vided the systematic portion of this paper slender-bodied moths, the male genitalia of into two sections based on these geographical which have an anellus with a paired process. areas. Nothing is included from most ofMex- This latter structure is usually present in the ico, Central America, or from South America thicker bodied Nacophorini, but the two outside the specified area. The reason for this groups were apparently different. As this tremendous geographical gap is that we sim- aroused my curiosity, I decided to study and ply do not know enough about the Neotrop- attempt a generic classification ofthe slender- ical geometrids to place the great majority of bodied group; the present paper is the result. the described (and undescribed) genera into As my studies progressed, it became evi- their appropriate tribes. The species are so dent that these moths from Chile and adja- numerous that it is not practical to dissect cent Argentina should be placed in the tribe and study the genitalia of a significant num- Lithinini; this group is represented in North ber in a relatively short period of time. The America by six genera, with at least one being included members of this tribe have such a Holarctic in distribution. The North Amer- varied habitus that normally you do not get ican genera are relatively well known, as they any help or clues as to the possible members have been treated by Forbes (1948), Rupert from this aspect. I fully realize that it is highly (1949), and McGuffin (in press). Some work probable that the Lithinini do occur in trop- has been done on the Andean fauna of Ar- ical America and that, by not including them, gentina by Orfila and Schajovskoy (1959, my paper cannot be considered revisionary. "1959" [1960], 1963, 1964). These two au- But that was never my intent; all I am trying thors proposed the new tribal name Lacarini to do is to establish the presence of the tribe (1959, p. 198) for Lacaria, with additional in the Southern Hemisphere, and to define genera described in subsequent papers. In some of the genera that occur in Chile and their second paper, Orfila and Schajovskoy Argentina. This will give future workers a ("1959" [1960]) redescribed Euclidiodes basis on which to build, which is my other Warren, proposed Catrielia as new (placed objective. as a synonym of Euclidiodes in the present paper), redescribed Proteopharmacis Warren ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (placed as a synonym of Odontothera Butler I acknowledge with thanks the cooperation in the present paper), and named as new Coi- and aid of Mr. D. S. Fletcher of the Depart- ronalia (probably a member of the Ourap- ment of Entomology, British Museum (Nat- terygini) and Pucaraia (perhaps a member of ural History), and Dr. D. C. Ferguson of the the Nacophorini, although I did not include United States National Museum, Smithson- it in my 1983 revision; more study is needed ian Institution, who supplied me with iden- but moths are now at hand so this can be tified specimens, photographs, and the an- done). Two additional genera were named in swers to numerous questions. All of the their 1963 paper, and another one in 1964, specimens illustrated are from the collection which I am including in this paper. Orfila and ofthe American Museum ofNatural History Schajovskoy gave as a diagnostic character (AMNH). for the Lacarini the fact that its members I also thank Mr. Juan C. Barberis, of the have lamellate-ciliate male antennae, where- Department ofGraphics, American Museum as the males ofthe allied Lithinini have sim- of Natural History, for preparing the geni- ple and prismatic antennae. Now that more talic drawings from my preliminary sketches, genera have been studied, together with many and for mounting all the figures. The adults more anatomical characters, I find that the were photographed by the author. supposed distinction between the two groups Drs. W. C. McGuffin (Research Associate, melts away and the two are indistinguishable. Biosystematics Research Institute, Agricul- Accordingly, I am placing the name Lacarini ture Canada, Ottawa), L. H. Herman, and R. as a junior subjective synonym of Lithinini. T. Schuh (Department of Entomology, My study is centered in North America and AMNH) have reviewed the manuscript and Chile and, to a lesser degree, adjacent Argen- have made valuable suggestions concerning tina. For the sake of convenience, I have di- it, for which I am most grateful. 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 3

TABLE 1 Nature of External Characters in the Lithinini Plesiomorphic state Apomorphic state 1. Male antennae Bipectinate or laminate Serrate or simple 2. Length of palpi Shorter than length of eye As long as, or longer than, length of eye 3. Scaling on ventral portion of front Same as on upper part Elongate or forming tuft 4. Row of setae ventrally on third seg- Absent Present (sometimes deciduous) ment of male abdomen 5. Hair pencil on male hind tibia Absent - Present 6. Number of accessory cells in forewing None One, rarely two

MATERIALS AND METHODS states was found in the Nacophorini, where I utilized 13 characters on the external por- The data in this paper are based almost tions of the adults, 11 for the male genitalia, entirely on the extensive geometrid collection and 8 for the female genitalia (1983, tables of the American Museum of Natural His- 1-6). In the Bistonini the corresponding fig- tory. As one of my aims is to determine generic limits, I have not borrowed as exten- TABLE 2 sively as when I require complete revisionary Presence or Absence of External Characters data for every species in each genus. By using Numbers at tops of columns are those of this method it is probable that a number of Table 1. interesting and valuable species and genera have been overlooked; considering the cha- 1 2 3 4 5 6 otic state of our knowledge ofthe New World Section 1 were Ennominae, it would be surprising ifthis Gueneria + - - + + + not so. When specific revisions are made for Homochlodes + - - + + + the South American genera reported in this Petrophora + - - + + ± paper, it may become necessary to alter the Philedia - - - + + + descriptions as they are given herein; this, Tacparia + - - + + + too, is to be expected. When studying the Thallophaga + + + - + + specimens presented herein, I not only dis- Section 2 sected and slide-mounted (in Canadian bal- Acauro + - - + + - sam) the genitalic structures, but also cleared Callemo + + - - - + and mounted at least one antenna and a com- Calta - + - - + + plete set oflegs ofboth sexes of every species Catophoenissa - - - - + + available to assure that no valuable charac- Duraglia + + - - + ters were missed; however, in some cases this Euclidiodes + + + + + was not possible due to lack of material or Franciscoia + - + - + Guara + + + - - + poor condition. Huechulafquenia + + + ? ? + This is the paper in I third which have Incalvertia + - - + + - made a very detailed set of observations and Lacaria + - - + + - analyses; the previous ones were my generic Laneco + + - + + - revisions of the New World Nacophorini Martindoelloia + + + + + + (1983) and Bistonini (1985, based largely on Nucara + - + + - Rindge, 1975). Basically the same characters Odontothera + ± - + + + were utilized in all three studies; as these were Psilaspilates + + + + - given in considerable detail for the Naco- Siopla + - - - + + - phorini (1983, pp. 148-159), they will not be Yalpa + - + + + repeated here. Not unsurprisingly, the results Yapoma + - - + + - have been quite different for each ofthe three Symbols: +, apomorphic state; -, plesiomorphic state; tribes. The largest number of apomorphic ±, both found in same taxon; ?, data not available. 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

TABLE 3 Nature of Male Genitalic Characters in the Lithinini Plesiomorphic state Apomorphic state 7. Width of base of uncus Less than 0.5 mm 0.5 mm or greater 8. Shape of gnathos U- or V-shaped W-shaped 9. Nature of valves Simple, without projections With costal arm or with distal costal extension 10. Cristae Absent Present 11. Number of cristae on each side 3 to less than 50 50 or more when present 12. Surface of processes of anellus Bare Setose 13. Length of aedeagus 2.0 mm or shorter Longer than 2.0 mm 14. Spines or sclerotized rod in vesica Present Absent ures were 12, 5, and 1, respectively (1985, males, are more likely to possess a more use- tables 1-4). ful set ofcharacters than do other adult char- For the present paper, my data sheets in- acters or female genitalia. clude 78 columns of observations or mea- It should be noted that I make no outgroup surements on the external portions of the comparisons when discussing plesiomorphic adults, 91 on the male genitalia, and 17 on and apomorphic states because the outgroups the female genitalia. A number of these are are unknown; the only tribes that have been presence or absence ofa given structure; both defined for the Neotropical Ennominae are have been counted in the above totals. This the Nacophorini and Bistonini. The included extensive research was done for every species species for these groups constitute less than in every genus available to me; the specific one percent of the total number of described data were summarized on data sheets for each species for this subfamily. No attempt has of the 25 genera included in this paper. As a been made to arrange the overwhelming ma- result, I have 4650 items of data on the ge- jority of species in this subfamily into tribes. neric level with which to work. From all of Until such work is done, utilizing modern this, I have selected six characters on the ex- methods of taxonomy, our knowledge of the ternal portions of the adults, eight for the constituent parts of the subfamily will con- male genitalia, and six for the female geni- tinue to be extremely limited; hence outgroup talia. These 20 were then defined by their comparisons that are attempted now will be plesiomorphic and apomorphic states, and of very little value. the data for all genera listed in a series of If the monophyly of the Lithinini, as well tables. My use of plesiomorphic and apo- as the Nacophorini and Bistonini, is depen- morphic conditions is based on some 35 years dent on one or more apomorphic characters of research on the Ennominae and the re- being shared by all constituent members sulting revisionary and descriptive publica- within each tribe, then I have failed to show tions on this subfamily; the polarities are this. Whether I have inadvertently over- based on the distribution ofstates throughout looked one or more characters or analyzed the Ennominae, as exemplified by my papers the data incorrectly remains to be seen. What on the Nacophorini (1983) and Bistonini is obvious is that the genera now placed in (1985). In nearly all cases it should be pos- each of these three tribes possess a remark- sible to determine a given species as to its able range of variation in their characters; genus using these 20 characters; another way perhaps I am trying to place too many genera of separating the genera is by making use of into a single tribe. Another possibility is that the keys to the adults and to the male geni- the genera are so "plastic" that it may not be talia. I strongly advise having genitalic dis- feasible to define tribes by using apomorphic sections on hand when trying to make deter- characters ofthe adults. Indeed, Forbes (1948, minations; these structures, especially in p. 23) utilized pupal characters as the primary 1 986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 5

TABLE 4 Presence or Absence of Male Genitalic Characters Numbers at tops of columns are those of Table 3. 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 13 14 Section 1 Gueneria - - - + - - - - Homochlodes - - - + + 0 Petrophora - - + + - - + Philedia - - - + - Tacparia - - + - 0 - + Thallophaga - - - + - - - + Section 2 Acauro + + - + - + + Callemo - - + + - Calta + - - + - - + + Catophoenissa + - - - 0 - + + Duraglia + + - + - + Euclidiodes + + - + - + Franciscoia - - - + + Guara - - + - - - + Huechulafquenia ? - + ? ? ? Incalvertia + + - + + + + Lacaria - - + + - + - + Laneco + - - + + + + Martindoelloia + - - + Nucara - - - + - + Odontothera + - - + + - + Psilaspilates + + - + Siopla + - - + + + Yalpa + - - + + Yapoma + + - + - - + Symbols: +, apomorphic state; -, plesiomorphic state; +, both found in same taxon; 0, not applicable; ?, data not available. means of differentiation for his tribal classi- intractable problem posed by nymphalid fication ofthe Ennominae. Studies ofthe eggs higher classification can be sought by the ap- by Salkeld showed that the ova of the Ca- plication of cladistic analysis to a large data nadian species she examined were "quite ho- set gathered from all developmental stages, mogeneous" in shape and morphology for the with special emphasis on detailed compara- Bistonini (sensu Rindge, 1985), and that the tive larval morphology" (DeVries, Kitching, Lithinini have a great similarity in morpho- and Vane-Wright, 1985, p. 11). I strongly sus- logical features, which "suggests that they [the pect that this approach will have to be fol- Lithinini] are a very homogeneous group and lowed in the Ennominae (if not the entire supports the tribal grouping" (1983, pp. 70, Geometridae) also, before we can come to 110); she did not examine the Nacophorini. any sound conclusions as to monophyletic As far as I know, no analytical work has been subdivisions. However, it will be quite some done on any of the early stages for this time before this can be accomplished, since subfamily to determine the polarity of the nothing is known about the early stages of various characters that have been used. the 50 Chilean-Argentinian species that were The importance of studying the immature studied for this paper. stages within a family (specifically, the Noc- tuidae) has been outlined by Kitching (1984, SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS pp. 190, 191). Another recent study, on the From a purely utilitarian point of view I subfamilial groups within the Nymphalidae, have divided the taxa into two sections: the "suggest[s] that a solution to the seemingly first includes genera from North America, and 6 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

TABLE 5 Nature of Female Genitalic Characters in the Lithinini Plesiomorphic state Apomorphic state 15. Point of attachment of apophyses posteriores Anterior Median to papillae anales 16. Length of ductus bursae Longer than wide Shorter than wide, or equal 17. Length ofcorpus bursae compared with apoph- Twice as long or less More than twice as long yses posteriores 18. Striations on posterior portion of corpus bur- Absent Present sae 19. Signum Present Absent 20. Shape of signum on surface of corpus bursae Round or elliptical Sclerotized band or strip the second genera from Chile and adjacent facilitate comparisons and enable the reader Argentina. to make quicker decisions as to proper iden- The order in which the descriptions appear tifications. reflects my opinion on the relative plesiotypy and apotypy of each genus; I start with the SECTION 1. THE NORTH more plesiomorphic genera and finish with AMERICAN GENERA the more apomorphic ones. This, presum- KEY TO GENERA ably, places more closely related genera near BASED ON EXTERNAL CHARACTERS each other, which I consider to be of impor- 1. Males with pectinate antennae .. Philedia tance because this not only indicates possible Males with simple antennae ...... 2 relationships but makes it easier to distin- 2(1). Palpi elongate, twice as long as eye, extend- guish between some of the more closely re- ing well beyond long-tufted front ...... lated taxa-for me it is much more conve- ...... Thallophaga nient to have the descriptions ofsimilar genera Palpi short, barely extending beyond front; adjacent for comparative purposes than to front without tuft or with very small one use any other type of arrangement...... 3 The genitalic drawings have been handled 3(2). Upper surface ofall wings unicolorous white, in a different manner than was done in my with scattered yellowish brown scales . . In that paper I ...... Gueneria Nacophorini revision (1983). Upper surface of forewings brown, of hind tried, not too successfully, to indicate the rel- wings brown to whitish ...... 4 ative size for each taxon by the size of the 4(3). Forewings with two accessory cells ...... drawing; while relative size is often diagnos- ...... Homochlodes tic, some procedural problems arose (1983, Forewings without accessory cell or with one p. 150). In the present paper, as in the 1985 ...... 5 one, I have tried to produce drawings ofmore 5(4). Forewings without accessory cell; hind wings or less equal size, with the actual size being with vein Sc paralleling radial vein and indicated by a scale bar accompanying each top ofcell for one-third to two-fifths length figure. The female genitalic drawings are sim- of radial vein ...... Petrophora Forewings with one accessory cell; hind wings plified; only the ductus bursae, corpus bursae, with vein Sc paralleling radial vein for one- and associated structures are illustrated; the half length of latter ...... Tacparia papillae anales, the apophyses, and the terminal abdominal segment are omitted be- BASED ON MALE GENITALIA cause they have so few diagnostic characters. 1. Uncus short, 0.3-0.5 mm long ...... 2 Another change is to group the illustrations Uncus elongate and slender, 0.6-0.9 mm long ofa given taxon, including the adults and the ...... 3 male and female genitalia, near the descrip- 2(1). Vesica unarmed ...... Thallophaga tive portion of the text, rather than through- Vesica with prominent spines . . Gueneria out the paper. The present method should 3(1). Anellus processes absent; cristae prominent, 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 7

very numerous, and elongate, about 1.0 TABLE 6 mm long ...... Homochlodes Presence or Absence of Female Genitalic Anellus processes in form ofsclerotized arms; Characters cristae not prominent or absent, when Numbers at tops of columns are those of present 0.2-0.3 mm long ...... 4 Table 5. 4(3). Each valve with swollen costal process or slender arm ...... 5 15 16 17 18 19 20

Each valve with simple costa .... Philedia Section 1 5(4). Each valve with swollen costal process ... Gueneria - - + - + 0 ...... Petrophora Homochlodes - - + - - + Each valve with slender costal arm ...... Petrophora - + + + - + ...... Tacparia Philedia + - - + - + BASED ON FEMALE GENITALIA Tacparia + + + + - + Thallophaga - + + - - + 1. Signum absent ...... Gueneria Signum present ...... 2 Section 2 2(1). Ductus bursae twice as long as wide ... 3 Acauro - + + + - Ductus bursae with length either equal to Callemo - + + + - + width or shorter ...... 4 Calta - + + + + 0 3(2). Apophyses posteriores 0.6-1.0 mm in length Catophoenissa - + + + + -, 0 - - + - ...... Homochlodes Duraglia Apophyses posteriores 1.2-1.4 mm long . . Euclidiodes + + + - + + + - ...... Philedia Franciscoia 4(2). Corpus bursae with posterior end sclerotized Guara - + and longitudinally striate ...... 5 Huechulafquenia + + + + 0 Corpus bursae with posterior end membra- Incalvertia + - + + - - nous and nonstriate ...... Thallophaga Lacaria + + - - 5(4). Apophyses posteriores 0.6-0.8 mm in length Laneco - + + + + 0 Martindoelloia - + + + - + ...... Petrophora Apophyses posteriores 1.2-1.3 mm long . . Nucara - + + + - - + ...... Tacparia Odontothera - - + 0 Psilaspilates - + + + GENUS PHILEDIA HULST Siopla - + - + Figures 1, 29, 55 Yalpa - + + - + 0 Yapoma - + + + - - Philedia Hulst, 1896, p. 343. Rupert, 1949, p. 138, pl. 1 1, figs. 1, la (male genitalia). Symbols: +, apomorphic state; -, plesiomorphic state; ±, both found in same taxon; 0, not applicable. DIAGNOSIS: This is the only genus in North America in which the males have pectinate antennae. The upper surface ofthe forewings ADULTS: Head with large eyes, each eye is a pale gray with the t. p. line represented almost as wide as width offront, eyes ofboth by dark spots or dashes on the veins and with sexes ofequal size; front slightly swollen, ex- a somewhat nebulous, strongly outcurved t. a. tending beyond eyes by one-fourth diameter line; the hind wings are whitish with dots on of eyes, tightly scaled, without ventral tuft; the veins representing the extradiscal line. The palpi barely exceeding front, second segment male genitalia have a slender uncus, a weakly 0.3 mm long, third segment 0.2 mm long; represented cristae with from 6 to 10 short antennae of approximately 52 to 54 seg- setae on each side, 0.3 mm long, the processes ments, pectinate in males, pectinations aris- of the anellus are long, slender, and end in a ing basally on their segments, with about eight point, and the vesica has a single large spine simple segments terminally, longest pecti- half the length of the aedeagus. The female nations 0.45 mm long, being 1.5 times longer genitalia have a median attachment of the than their basal segments; antennae simple apophyses to the papillae anales, an elongate in females. Thorax slender; foretibia ofmales ductus bursae, the corpus bursae is about twice with epiphyses arising at three-fifths length the length of the apophyses posteriores, and ofsegment and being slightly more than two- the signum is a slender, transverse, indented fifths its length, of females arising at seven- strip 0.6 mm long. tenths length and being about one-third length 8 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838 ofsegment; hind tibia ofmales with hair pen- single, elongate, slender sclerotized piece, 0.8 cil. Abdomen slender, extending to hind mar- mm long. gin ofhind wings; males with row ofsetae on FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma without ventral surface of third segment. clearly defined lamella antevaginalis, lamella Forewings broad, outer margin rounded postvaginalis subrectangular, sclerotized, and smooth; with one accessory cell; vein R1 posterior portion minutely striate transverse- free, R2 from near end ofcell, R3+4 from end ly; ductus bursae weakly sclerotized, twice as of cell, R5 from bottom of cell; mdc and ldc long as wide, anterior end slightly swollen; angled. Hind wings broad; Sc paralleling R ductus seminalis arising from small sac lo- for almost one-half length of cell; m and ldc cated ventrally at junction of ductus bursae angled. and corpus bursae; corpus bursae with pos- Upper surface offorewings unicolorous pale terior half tapered and having longitudinal gray or pale brownish gray; t. a. line obso- striations, anterior end swollen, ovate, corpus lescent, deeply curved into cell, represented bursae twice as long as apophyses posteriores; by dark streaks; discal dot present; t. p. line signum prominent, transverse, linear, invag- represented by short, dark venular dashes; inated, 0.4 to 0.6 mm long. Papillae anales terminal line black, broadly interrupted by with median attachment for apophyses; veins; fringe concolorous with wing; hind apophyses posteriores 1.2 to 1.4 mm long, wings unicolorous whitish, with extradiscal apophyses anteriores 0.5 to 0.7 mm. line indicated by dark venular dashes; fringe EARLY STAGES: Undescribed. concolorous with wing. Under surface of FoOD PLANT: Dyar (1904, p. 909) said the forewings unicolorous pale gray, with discal larvae fed "on the common brake (Pteris)" dot and t. p. line weakly indicated; hind wings in British Columbia. McFarland (1975, p. unicolorous pale grayish white, with discal 118) stated that "captive larvae avidly ac- spot and extradiscal line weakly represented. cepted young leaves of bracken, Pteridium Length ofForewings: Males, 16 to 19 mm; aquilinum (Linnaeus) Kuhn" (Pteridaceae) females, 17 to 21 mm. in western Oregon. These two references may MALE GENITALIA: Uncus elongate, slender, refer to the same fern, which occurs from 0.6 to 0.7 mm long, with base 0.4 to 0.5 mm northwestern Mexico to Alaska (Munz, 1973, wide, apical portion with parallel sides, apex p. 32). with single point; socius shortly digitate, with TYPE SPECIES: Cleora punctomacularia approximately 15 setae on each one; gnathos Hulst; by original designation. elongate, about equal in length to uncus, DISTRIBUTION: Western North America, V-shaped posteriorly with sides broad, from British Columbia and Idaho south to becoming slender and more sclerotized an- central California, west ofthe Cascade Range. teriorly, apical portion with sides broadly FLIGHT PERIOD: From mid-August until connected, terminating in thick posteroven- early November. trally directed point having minute denti- REMARKS: The only included species, with tions on lateral and anterior surfaces; valves two subspecies, has been studied. simple, with broadly sclerotized costa; transtilla prominent, posterior margin straight, GENUS PETROPHORA HUBNER anterior margin deeply bilobed; processes of Figures 2, 30, 56 anellus heavily sclerotized, 0.7 mm long, each Petrophora Hiibner, "1806" [1811], vol. 1, pl. arising from broad diagonal base, then ex- [207]. tending posteriorly, apex simple, terminating Ortholitha Hiibner, 1821, p. [3]. in sharp point; anellus rounded anteriorly, Lithina Hiibner, " 1816" [1825], p. 338. Forbes, extending posterodorsally to bases of pro- 1948 (in part), pp. 88, 89. cesses; cristae arranged in row, 6 to 10 on Lozogramma Stephens, 1829, p. 44. Packard, 1876 each side, 0.3 mm long; tegumen with short (in part), p. 245, pl. 2, fig. 17a (venation). median fusion; saccus longer than tegumen, DIAGNOSIS: The forewings may either be broadly rounded apically; aedeagus 1.55 to without an accessory cell or appear so, having 1.70 mm long, 0.25 mm wide, with parallel a small, short, and weak cross vein forming sides, posterior end tapering to blunt point, the cell. The upper surface of the forewings with apical region sclerotized; vesica with is pale brown or pale reddish brown and has 1 986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 9 two prominent, almost straight cross lines; to those offorewings. Under surface ofwings the hind wings are paler than the forewings gray, irrorate with brown or pale reddish and have an obsolescent to weakly repre- brown, all wings with small discal dots and sented extradiscal line. The male genitalia are outer cross lines. distinguished by a protruding costal swelling, Length ofForewings: Males, 14 to 18 mm; and by each of the processes of the anellus females, 15 to 18 mm. terminating in a simple point; the female MALE GENITALIA: Uncus slender, 0.6 to 0.8 structures have an elongate corpus bursae that mm long, with base 0.30 to 0.45 mm wide, is both sclerotized and striate posteriorly and either simple, slightly constricted medially, a denticulate transverse strip that forms the posteroventrally flat to weakly concave, apex signum. rounded, or more slender, without median ADULTS: Head with large eyes, each eye constriction, with terminal portion angled almost as wide as width offront, eyes ofboth ventrally at approximately right angle, ven- sexes ofequal size; front protruding short dis- trally projecting section elongate, posteriorly tance beyond eyes, slightly swollen, tightly setose, apically rounded; socius very small, scaled, with or without small ventral tuft; pal- with five or six setae on each side; gnathos pi barely exceeding front, second segment 0.4 V-shaped, elongate, slightly longer than un- to 0.6 mm long, third segment 0.2 to 0.3 mm cus, sides ofequal width, apical portion with long; antennae ofapproximately 56 to 71 seg- sides broadly connected, apex either with ments, simple in both sexes, males shortly small dorsal bend and median line of small ciliate. Thorax slender; foretibia ofmales with teeth or attenuate and curving ventrally; epiphysis arising at or about three-fifths length valves simple except for modified costa, lat- of segment and between two-fifths and one- ter sclerotized, either slender, extending be- half offoretibia length, offemales arising beyond middle ofvalve and projecting as small tween three-fifths and two-thirds length of knob or as short, broad projection, concave segment and being two-fifths length of seg- ventrally and forming prominent rounded ment; hind tibia of male with hair pencil. lobe just basad of middle of valve; transtilla Abdomen slender in males and extending be- either a simple tube or swollen laterally and yond hind wings, thicker in females and constricted medially; processes of anellus reaching hind margin of hind wings; males tubelike, slightly curved, 0.4 to 0.5 mm long, with row of setae on ventral surface of third each arising from posterolaterally directed, segment. elongate structure, each process ofsame width Forewings broad, apex pointed, outer mar- for entire length, slender, apically rounded; gin relatively straight to rounded, smooth; anellus with length approximately equal to without accessory cell or apparently so, when width, anteriorly rounded; cristae arising from present with small, short, weak cross vein elliptical patch, approximately 25 to 30 on forming cell; vein R1 from Rs, R2 either free each side, 0.20 to 0.25 mm in length; tegu- or from end of cell, R314 either long stalked men with short, posteriorly located median or from end of cell, Rs from either R314 or fusion; saccus longer than tegumen, broad, from near end of cell; mdc and ldc weakly ventrally truncate; aedeagus 1.8 to 2.1 mm biconvex. Hind wings broad; Sc paralleling long, 0.3 mm wide, dorsoventrally curved, R for from one-third to two-fifths length of posterior end bluntly pointed and with edges cell; m and ldc either weakly biconvex or weakly sclerotized; vesica with either one curved. slender, very long spine, almost as long as Upper surface of forewings pale brown or aedeagus, or with three short, thick spines pale reddish brown, with median area very and two or three very slender spines, with slightly paler than basal and outer areas; t. a. their combined length less than half length and t. p. lines prominent, almost straight; of aedeagus. (The Palearctic species chloro- with small discal spot; terminal line absent sata Scopoli has a contiguous row of numer- or very slender, complete; fringe concolorous ous thick spines more than half length of ae- with wing; hind wings somewhat paler than deagus.) forewings, with or without discal dot, and FEMALE GENITALIA: Two types represent- with obsolescent to weakly represented ex- ed: divisata with ostium bursae membra- tradiscal line; terminal line and fringe similar nous, funnel-shaped; ductus bursae clearly 10 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838 defined, small, lightly sclerotized, widest an- should not be listed as food plants for this teriorly, with length approximately equal to genus of moths. width, being 0.2 mm; corpus bursae with very TYPE SPECIES: For Petrophora, P. divisata long, slender, somewhat S-shaped, sclero- Hiibner; by monotypy. For Ortholitha, P. tized, longitudinally striate posterior portion, divisata Hiibner; by monotypy. For Lithina, and with small, ovate, membranous anterior Geometra petraria Hiubner; by subsequent part, corpus bursae 7 to 10 times longer than designation by Hampson (1896). For Lozo- apophyses posteriores. Subaequaria without gramma, Geometra petraria Hiibner; by ostium bursae; ductus bursae heavily scler- monotypy. otized, scarcely differentiated from corpus Hence Ortholitha is ajunior objective syn- bursae, having median semicircular area and onym of Petrophora, as is Lozogramma of pair ofanterolateral, slightly curved, tubelike Lithina. Petraria is a junior subjective syn- processes, approximately 0.8 mm wide and onym of chlorosata Scopoli, and this species long; corpus bursae with short, broad, scler- is considered to be congeneric with divisata. otized, weakly longitudinally striate posterior DISTRIBUTION: Holarctic. In eastern North portion extending posterolaterally to right of America, from Wisconsin and Manitoba to junction with ductus bursae, and with large, Nova Scotia, south to Florida and Mississip- elongate, ovoid, membranous anterior part, pi along the Eastern Seaboard states east of corpus bursae five times as long as apophyses the Appalachian Mountains. posteriores. Both types with sterigma not dif- FLIGHT PERIOD: Northern specimens are ferentiated; ductus seminalis arising on right on the wing from late April into June; spec- side near junction of ductus bursae and cor- imens in Florida and Mississippi begin flying pus bursae; signum prominent, transverse, as early as March. Apparently both species elongate elliptical, with minutely denticulate have a single generation per year. surface, 0.5 to 1.0 mm long. Papillae anales REMARKS: Both North American species small, slender, with anterior attachment for have been studied, as well as the Old World apophyses; apophyses posteriores 0.60 to 0.75 chlorosata. mm long, apophyses anteriores 0.35 to 0.60 mm in length. (The Palearctic chlorosata has GENUS TACPARIA WALKER a funnel-shaped ostium bursae, a small duc- Figures 3, 31, 32, 57, 58 tus and the shorter, broader type of Tacparia Walker, 1860, p. 233. Rupert, 1949, p. bursae, 147, pl. 1, figs. 6, 6a, 8 (male, female genitalia), corpus bursae.) pl. 12, figs. 1, la, 1Oa, lOb (male genitalia, ve- EARLY STAGES: The last instar larva ofsub- nation). Ferguson, "1973" [1974], p. 467, figs. aequaria (Walker) has been described by 1-20 (adults, male, female genitalia). Forbes (1948, p. 89) and Rupert (1949, p. Apaecasia Hulst, 1896, p. 147. Rupert, 1949, p. 145). The latter author gave a note on ovi- 147 (synonym of Tacparia). position and described the pupa in the same Lozogramma (misidentification): Packard, 1876, article. p. 243. FOOD PLANTS: Ferns. Rupert (1949) reared Lithina (misidentification): Forbes, 1948, p. 88, subaequaria on the common brake (Pteridi- fig. 47 (venation). um), and the Palearctic chlorosata also feeds DIAGNOSIS: The antennae have between 63 upon brakes. Adult divisata (Hiibner) have and 71 segments, the greatest number in the been taken in the vicinity of Osmundia cin- North American genera. The upper surface namonea Linnaeus, and this fern might be of the forewings varies from gray, more or the food plant of this species (Rupert, op. less heavily irrorate with brown, to dark cit.). brown, with the two cross lines rather weakly Grass has been cited as a food plant of indicated; the hind wings are either slightly defluata (Walker), a synonym of subaequa- paler than, or concolorous with, the fore- ria; this was based on the statement, "raised wings, and have a somewhat diffuse extra- from long larva swept from coarse grass, etc., discal line. The male genitalia have a long, on edge ofwoods" (Bruce, 1887, p. 48). From slender uncus, numerous setae on the socius, this, it must have been assumed that the larva distinct costal arms, lack cristae, and have fed on grass, even though this is not explicitly two sets of processes of the anellus. The fe- stated; unless proven otherwise, grasses male genitalia have the corpus bursae with 1 986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI I1I the posterior region both sclerotized and MALE GENITALIA: Uncus elongate, slender, striate, and elongate (1.2-1.3 mm) apophyses 0.8 to 0.9 mm long, base 0.35 to 0.40 mm posteriores. wide, weakly constricted posteriad of base, ADULTS: Head with large eyes, each eye slender median portion with variable num- either equal to or slightly smaller than width ber of dorsal and lateral setae, apex pointed; of front, eyes of both sexes equal in size or socius elongate, each with approximately 20 those offemales slightly smaller; front slight- to 30 setae; gnathos either U-shaped and with ly swollen, extending slightly beyond eyes, elongate, slender median projection, or tightly scaled, with well-defined ventral tuft V-shaped, with dorsal thickening near trans- of scales; palpi extending beyond eyes by up tilla, apically attenuate; valves with promi- to one-third diameter ofeye, second segment nent basal costal arm, either lobate, shortly 0.4 to 0.7 mm long, third segment 0.2 to 0.4 spined, and reaching to base ofuncus, or long, mm long; antennae of approximately 63 to slender, curved, with median and apical spin- 71 segments, simple in both sexes, minutely ing, and extending to middle of uncus, each setose below in males. Thorax slender; fore- costa more or less sclerotized distad of arm; tibia ofmales with epiphysis arising between transtilla either very wide, flat, equal in length one-half and three-fifths length of segment to length of tegumen, and with median con- and being two-fifths to one-half segment striction, or much smaller, with median area length, offemales arising at three-fifths length enlarged; processes of anellus double, outer of segment and being two-fifths or slightly pair elongate, 0.8 to 1.1 mm long, slender, longer than segment length; hind tibia ofmales bare or with various setae and spines, inner with or without hair pencil. Abdomen slen- pair short, 0.5 to 0.8 mm long, slightly wider der in males, stouter in females, extending to than outer pair, with apical region either en- or just beyond hind wings; males with or larged or with elongate setae; anellus located without row of setae on ventral surface of dorsally, anterior margin rounded; cristae ab- third segment. sent; tegumen with single point of median Forewings broad, apex pointed, outer mar- fusion; saccus about twice as long as tegumen, gin rounded or slightly concave below apex, tapered, anterior end bluntly rounded; ae- smooth; with one accessory cell; vein RI from deagus 1.8 to 2.9 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, Rs, both R2 and R314 from end of cell, R5 either with parallel sides and pointed poste- from bottom of cell; mdc and ldc biconvex. rior end or wedge-shaped, posterior end Hind wings broad; Sc paralleling R for about sclerotized; vesica variously armed, with half length of cell; m and ldc rounded. sclerotized piece having many short decid- Upper surface of forewings varying from uous spines, with the preceding plus several gray, more or less heavily irrorate with brown, thick spines, or with row ofnumerous, short, to dark brown; t. a. line obsolescent or weakly overlapping spines, row approximately half represented, evenly curved or straight; me- length of aedeagus; vesica of first two types, dian shade line absent; discal dot, when pres- when exserted, short, broad and extending ent, small; t. p. line represented by small, dark dorsally. venular dots, variably connected or shaded FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with lamella basally by brown band; terminal line either antevaginalis heavily sclerotized, either a absent or weakly represented by small brown slender strip or broad band having postero- intravenular dots; fringe concolorous with median incision and lateral raised plates, la- wing; hind wings either slightly paler than, or mella postvaginalis sclerotized, with or with- concolorous with, forewings, having some- out lateral extensions and median striate area; what diffuse extradiscal line; terminal line and sterigma, ostium bursae, and ductus bursae fringe as on forewings. Under surface evenly variously combined, often indistinguishable; gray or brown, wings concolorous or fore- ductus bursae, when distinct, heavily scler- wings slightly darker than hind wings; mac- otized, short, with length approximately equal ulation, when present, consisting ofsmall dis- to width; ductus seminalis arising from small cal dots and outer cross lines; terminal line sac located ventrally near junction of ductus and fringe similar to those of upper surface. bursae and corpus bursae; corpus bursae Length ofForewings: Males, 13 to 18 mm; varying from relatively short and broad to females, 14 to 18 mm. long and slender, posterior end sclerotized, 12 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838 with longitudinal striations, either poorly de- [1974]) said it reaches Alberta. As indicated, fined and short or clearly defined and longer I have not seen any material from west ofthe than anterior part, anterior portion elongate, mid-continent, but Ferguson could very well ovate, or shoe-shaped, membranous, surface be correct. striate and with minute, inwardly pointing FLIGHT PERIOD: May to early July in the spines, corpus bursae three to six times as north, indicating a single generation per year. long as apophyses posteriores; signum prom- In the south, zalissaria begins flying in Feb- inent, transverse, surface minutely striate ruary and March. or variably dentate, elongate lunate, and REMARKS: All three included species have obliquely indented, 0.9 to 1.1 mm long. Pa- been studied. pillae anales small, slender, with median attachment for apophyses; apophyses poste- GENUS GUENERIA PACKARD riores 1.2 to 1.3 mm long, apophyses ante- Figures 4, 33, 59 riores 0.20 to 0.35 mm. EARLY STAGES: Larval and pupal notes have Gueneria Packard, 1876, p. 307, pl. 3, fig. 11 (ve- been published by Forbes (1948, p. 88), Ru- nation). Gumppenberg, 1892, p. 277 (as syn- pert (1949, pp. 149, 150, pl. 12, fig. 12), and onym of Cabira [sic] = Cabera). Hulst, 1896, Ferguson ("1973" [1974], p. 476) for two of p. 326. Forbes, 1948, p. 89. Rupert, 1949, p. the three species. 141, pl. 11, figs. 6, 6a (male genitalia), pl. 12, FoOD PLANTS: Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) fig. 5 (venation). Spring (Fagaceae) for T. detersata (Guenee); DIAGNOSIS: This is the only genus in North "larva on birch (Lemmer)," for T. zalissaria America in which the adults have white wings, Walker (Forbes, 1948), but this needs to be and the males have a fovea on the upper side verified (Ferguson, "1973" [1974], p. 473); ofthe forewings near the base. The male gen- Myrica gale Linnaeus (Myricaceae) for T. italia have a very short triangular uncus, with atropunctata (Packard) (Ferguson, "1973" its length being about equal to the width of [1974], p. 476; 1975, p. 28). its base. The female genitalia are distinctive TYPE SPECIES: For Tacparia, T. zalissaria in that they lack the signum, but have the Walker; by monotypy. Walker had two species dorsal surface of the corpus bursae broadly included in the four specimens to which he sclerotized; they also have a large, medially applied the above name; two, "a" and "b," constricted, anteriorly directed saclike ap- are said to be the Australian Idoides apicata pendage arising from the left side of the cor- Guenee, while "c" and "d" were without lo- pus bursae. cality data. Ferguson ("1973" [1974], p. 470) ADULTS: Head with large eyes, each eye designated one ofthe last two as the lectotype, about as wide as width of front, eyes of both and this is the species found in the south- sexes of equal size; front flat, tightly scaled, eastern United States. Earlier, Rupert (1949, with minute ventral tuft; palpi barely ex- p. 150) realized that Walker's type series was ceeding front, second segment 0.4 mm long, of two species, but his lectotype designation third segment 0.1 mm long; antennae of ap- gave no clear indication as to which specimen proximately 49 to 58 segments, simple in both the designation pertained, so Ferguson re- sexes, males minutely setose below. Thorax designated the same moth. slender; foretibia with epiphysis of both sexes For Apaecasia, Tephrina detersata Gue- arising at about three-fifths length ofsegment nee; by original designation. As detersata is and being between two-fifths and one-halfits considerd to be congeneric with zalissaria, length; hind tibia of males with hair pencil. Apaecasia becomes a junior subjective syn- Abdomen slender, thinner and longer in males onym of Tacparia. than in females; males with row of setae on DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North America, ventral surface of third segment. from Wisconsin and Manitoba to Nova Sco- Forewings broad, apex pointed, outer mar- tia, south to Florida, being east of the Ap- gin rounded, smooth; with one or two acces- palachian Mountains, and west to Mississip- sory cells; veins R1 and R2 arising from top pi and eastern Texas. Forbes (1948) and of cell, R3+5 stalked, from end of cell, R5 Rupert (1949) stated that detersata extends branching off before R4; mdc and ldc bicon- west to British Columbia; Ferguson ("1973" vex; males with large fovea on upper side near 1 986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 13

1 2

3 4

5 6 FIGS. 1-6. Adult males from North America. 1. Philedia punctomacularia (Hulst), Robson, British Columbia, September 13, 1938 (H. R. Foxlee). 2. Petrophora divisata Hiibner, Ocean Co., New Jersey, May 14, 1944 (O. Buchholz). 3. Tacparia zalissaria Walker, Port Sewall, Florida, February 19, 1938 (L. C. Sanford). 4. Gueneria similaria (Walker), nr. Beartown, Vermont, June 2, 1951 (F. H. Rindge). 5. Homochlodes fritillaria (Guenee), New Canaan, Connecticut, May 8, 1951 (M. Statham). 6. Thal- lophaga taylorata (Hulst), 2 mi E Elsie, Oregon, June 12-13, 1964 (S. G. Jewett, Jr.). All AMNH; x 1.65. base of cubital cell, covered with elongate white, finely speckled with pale yellowish scales. Hind wings broad; Sc paralleling R for brown scaling; fore- and hind wings concol- about two-fifths length of cell; m and ldc orous, or with hind wings having fewer dark straight. scales; maculation obsolescent, with t. a., me- Upper surface of all wings unicolorous dian, t. p., and extradiscal cross lines weakly 14 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838 represented when present; terminal line ab- entiated; ostium bursae very large, three times sent; fringes concolorous with wings. Under longer than ductus bursae, widest posteriorly, surface ofall wings unicolorous white, having evenly tapering to junction with ductus bur- fewer darker scales than on upper surface and sae, ventral surface minutely spiculate, dorsal with shinier scaling; maculation usually ab- side with some longitudinal ridges anteriorly; sent, some specimens with t. p. and extra- ductus bursae sclerotized, rounded, slightly discal lines represented. wider than long; ductus seminalis arising from Length ofForewings: Males, 11 to 13 mm; small sac ventrally at junction ofductus bur- females, 12 to 14 mm. sae and corpus bursae; corpus bursae swollen, MALE GENITALIA: Uncus triangular, 0.3 ovoid, dorsal surface broadly sclerotized, and mm long, base 0.35 mm wide, tapering pos- with prominent, elongate, membranous, me- teriorly, the sides biconcave, apex with single dially constricted saclike appendage arising point; socius small, padlike, with approxi- from left side ofcorpus bursae, extending an- mately six setae on each one; gnathos teriorly beyond corpus, corpus bursae three V-shaped, very slightly longer than uncus, times as long as apophyses posteriores; sig- sides ofequal width, apical portion with sides num absent. Papillae anales elongate, slen- broadly connected, ventral surface finely den- der, with anterior attachment for apophyses; tate; valves simple, elongate, extending pos- apophyses posteriores 1.0 to 1.1 mm long, teriorlyjust beyond uncus, with slender scler- apophyses anteriores 0.7 to 0.8 mm. otized costa, terminating in slight point; EARLY STAGES: Descriptions of both the transtilla with median constriction; processes last instar larva and pupa are given by Rupert ofanellus becoming more heavily sclerotized (1949, p. 142). distally, 0.8 mm long, each arising from FOOD PLANT: Dryopteris novaboracensis weakly sclerotized base, of same width for (Linnaeus) Swartz, a fern (Forbes, 1948, p. entire length, terminating in row of several 90; Rupert, 1949, p. 142). slender spines; anellus rounded anteriorly, TYPE SPECIES: Ellopia basiaria Walker; by weakly sclerotized; cristae arising from ellip- monotypy. This name is a junior subjective tical patch, approximately 20 on each side, synonym of Acidalia similaria Walker 0.2 to 0.3 mm long; tegumen with single point (Rindge, 1953, p. 141). of median fusion; saccus about twice as long DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North America, as tegumen, broad, with anteromedian in- from Quebec and Nova Scotia south to the dentation; aedeagus 1.3 mm long, 0.3 mm mountains of western North Carolina. wide, with parallel sides, posterior end short- FLIGHT PERIOD: From late April into early ly tapered and ending in blunt point, not more September. The majority of specimens stud- sclerotized than remainder of aedeagus; ve- ied were caught in late spring and early sum- sica with elongate, broad, flat sclerotized piece mer; the few late July, August, and Septem- having about six slender spinelike processes ber dates indicate a partial second generation. at posterior end, and with two or three tightly REMARKS: The one included species has grouped thick spines on right side of sclero- been studied. The adults are more similar in tized piece, slightly shorter than piece. general appearance to those of Cabera than FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma not differ- to the other members of this tribe.

FIGS. 7-14. Adult males from South America. 7. Yalpa dalcahue, new species, holotype, Dalcahue, Chile, February 12, 1973 (L. E. Peiia). 8. Odontothera valdiviata (Felder and Rogenhofer), El Manzano, Chile, January 22, 1977 (L. E. Penia). 9. Odontothera virescens Butler, Las Trancas, Chile, February 7- 12, 1966 (L. E. Pefia). 10. Psilaspilates signistriaria Butler, Las Trancas, December 14-15, 1976 (L. E. Peiia). 11. Callemo monotonos, new species, paratype, Las Trancas, Chile, January 24-30, 1983 (L. E. Penia). 12. Martindoelloia juradoi Orfila and Schajovskoy, Aguas Calientes, Chile, December 17-20, 1981 (L. E. Penia). 13. Guara rhaphis, new species, holotype, El Chinque, Chile, January 22, 1980 (L. E. Peiia). 14. Siopla derance, new species, holotype, Las Trancas, Chile, December 1-15, 1976 (L. E. Penia). All AMNH; x 1.65. 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 15

"A ;# IV **.- , 7 . - 8

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9 10

w.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~, R. 13 14 16 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

GENUS HOMOCHLODES HULST paler, more grayish; all wings with discal dots Figures 5, 34, 60 and outer cross line represented by venular dots. Homochlodes Hulst, 1896, p. 339. Forbes, 1948, p. 89, fig. 48 (venation). Rupert, 1949, p. 142, Length ofForewings: Males, 13 to 16 mm; pl. 11, figs. 4, 4a, 7 (male, female genitalia), pl. females, 14 to 17 mm. 12, fig. 6 (venation). MALE GENITALIA: Uncus slender, 0.6 to 0.7 mm long, base 0.20 to 0.25 mm wide, shaft DIAGNOSIS: This is the only genus in North slightly constricted medially, apical region America in which the forewings have two with posterodorsal keel, apex rounded; socius accessory cells. The upper surface ofall wings minute, with approximately five setae on each is a finely mottled brown with indistinct cross side; gnathos long and slender, in length about lines. The male genitalia are distinguished by equal to length of uncus, U-shaped, apical the elongate U-shaped gnathos, by the lack portion slightly swollen, ventral surface mi- of the processes of the anellus, and by the nutely denticulate and with single central thick, prominent, elongate cristae; in the fe- projection; valves simple, extending poste- male structures the ductus bursae is twice as riorly to basal portion ofuncus, with slender, long as wide and the sides are parallel. curved sclerotized costa, terminating in ADULTS: Head with large eyes, each eye slightly projecting point; transtilla tubular, almost as wide as width offront, eyes ofboth with anteromedian curve; processes of anel- sexes of equal size; front slightly swollen, lus absent but with subtriangular to ovate tightly scaled, without ventral tuft; palpi smoothly sclerotized basal plate on each side barely exceeding front, second segment 0.4 forming anellus; cristae very prominent, aris- to 0.6 mm long, third segment 0.1 to 0.3 mm; ing from band having about 50 setae on each antennae of approximately 57 to 63 seg- side, with setae being 1.0 to 1.1 mm long; ments, simple in both sexes, males varying tegumen with short, poorly defined area of from cylindrical to prismatic and shortly se- posteromedian fusion; saccus slightly longer tose. Thorax slender; foretibia in males with than tegumen, with anteromedian indenta- epiphysis arising at or near three-fifths length tion; aedeagus 1.35 to 1.70 mm long, 0.3 mm of segment and being one-half its length; in wide, with parallel sides, apex bluntly point- females arising at three-fifths length of seg- ed, not noticeably more sclerotized than ae- ment and being two-fifths to slightly less than deagus; vesica with single thick spine, 0.3 mm one-half its length; hind tibia of males with long. hair pencil. Abdomen slender, extending to FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with mem- or just beyond hind margin of hind wings; branous lamella antevaginalis, lamella post- males with row of setae on ventral surface of vaginalis lightly sclerotized, semicircular, third segment. posterior margin tending to be straight, Forewings broad, apex pointed, outer mar- slightly raised, and more heavily sclerotized gin rounded, smooth; with two accessory cells; than anterior portion, ventral surface mi- vein R, from top of cell, R2 and R3+4 from nutely setose; ostium bursae membranous, end of cell, R5 from bottom of cell; mdc and funnel-shaped; ductus bursae sclerotized, lat- ldc biconvex. Hind wings broad; Sc parallel- eral margins thickened, elongate, slender, ing R from two-fifths to one-half length of twice as long as wide, sides parallel; ductus cell; m and ldc rounded. seminalis arising at or nearjunction with cor- Upper surface of forewings finely mottled pus bursae; corpus bursae with short, twisted, brown, unicolorous or slightly variegated; sclerotized longitudinally striate posterior cross lines indistinct or obsolescent, some- end, anterior portion much larger, membra- times with white patch ofvarying size in mid- nous, ovate, entire corpus bursae four to five dle of t. p. line; terminal line of intravenular times longer than apophyses posteriores; dots; fringe concolorous with wing; hind wings signum prominent, situated posteriorly in either concolorous with forewings or slightly membranous portion ofcorpus bursae, trans- paler, with faint extradiscal line; terminal line verse, finely dentate, either a flat strip or and fringe like those offorewings. Under sur- V-shaped in cross section, approximately 1.0 face offorewings grayish brown, ofhind wings mm long. Papillae anales small, with anterior 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 17 attachment for apophyses; apophyses poste- from 1.2 to 1.7 mm long and the anterior riores 0.6 to 1.0 mm long, apophyses ante- ones 0.6 to 0.8 mm in length; the signum is riores 0.30 to 0.35 mm. a transverse, indented, smoothly sclerotized EARLY STAGES: The final instar larva and structure. pupa have been described by Forbes (1948, ADULTS: Head with large eyes, each one p. 89) and Rupert (1949, p. 143, pl. 12, fig. not as wide as width offront, eyes offemales 1 1 [pupa]). slightly smaller than those ofmales; front flat FOOD PLANTS: Ferns, with some preference or slightly swollen, with prominent ventral for the common brake (Pteridium) (Rupert, tuft; palpi elongate, beaklike, extending in 1949). Bothfritillaria and lactispargaria uti- front of eye by at least length of eye, second lize P. aquilinum Linnaeus in Nova Scotia segment 0.7 mm long, third segment 0.3 to (Ferguson, 1975, pp. 27, 28). 0.4 mm long; antennae of approximately 53 TYPE SPECIES: Numeria fritillaria Guenee; to 63 segments, simple in both sexes, those by original designation. of males tending to be prismatic and pubes- DISTRIBUTION: Eastern North America, cent below. Thorax very slender; foretibia of from Wisconsin and Manitoba to Nova Sco- males with epiphyses arising at three-fifths tia, south to West Virginia and the mountains length of segment and being two-fifths, or ofwestern North Carolina. Rupert (1949) re- slightly more, its length, of females arising ported the range as extending into Florida; between three-fifths and seven-tenths length Kimball (1965, p. 186) did not give any rec- and being about one-third to two-fifths length ords for that state, and so that record should ofsegment; hind tibia ofmales with hair pen- be considered as dubious. cil. Abdomen very slender, extending to or FLIGHT PERIOD: From mid-April until mid- beyond hind margin of hind wings; males August. Most moths are caught in the spring without row of setae on ventral surface of and early summer months, but a partial sec- third segment. ond generation does occur. Forewings broad, apex pointed, outer mar- REMARKS: All three known species have gin tending to be weakly concave below been studied. All literature references tofrit- apex, outwardly rounded in middle of wing, illaria need to be checked, as it wasn't until smooth; with one accessory cell; vein R1 from very recently that two additional species were Rs, R2 from near end of cell, R3+4 from end recognized. These last two are very similar of cell, R5 from bottom of cell; mdc and ldc in appearance to fritillaria and can be easily biconvex. Hind wings broad; Sc paralleling confused with it. R for half length of cell; m and ldc rounded GENUS or angled. THALLOPHAGA HULST Upper surface of forewings pale brown or Figures 6, 35, 61 reddish brown; t. a. line obsolescent, repre- Anthelia Hulst, 1896, p. 337 (not Lamarck, 1816). sented by small venular dots; discal dot ob- Rupert, 1949, p. 139 (homonym). solescent; median shade line prominent, Thallophaga Hulst, 1896, p. 339. Rupert, 1949, broad, complete; t. p. line represented by small p. 139, pl. 11, figs. 2, 2a (male genitalia), pl. 12, venular dots, latter either shaded distally by fig. 4 (venation). pale yellow or set in slender pale line; ter- DIAGNOSIS: The adults have long beaklike minal line of minute intravenular dark dots- palpi, with a prominent scale tuft on the ven- fringe concolorous with wing; hind wings tral portion of the front; the males lack the slightly paler than forewings, with partial to row ofsetae on the ventral surface ofthe third complete median shade line and obsolescent abdominal segment. The upper surface ofthe extradiscal line; terminal line obsolescent; forewings is a pale brown or reddish brown, fringe concolorous with wing. Under surface and with the cross lines variably represented, of all wings pale gray, with variable number often with the median line the most promi- of grayish black scales, forewings with basal nent; the hind wings are paler and relatively and median portions suffused with brown or unmarked. The male genitalia are without reddish brown; maculation obsolescent, all spines in the vesica. The female genitalia have wings usually with discal dots, and with me- long apophyses, with the posterior ones being dian and outer lines variably represented. 18 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

15 16

,1 './ .! st.. 17 18

- .'- 19 20 FIGS. 15-20. Adults from South America. 15. Nucara recurva, new species, allotype, female, Fundo Malcho, Chile, November 11-20, 1964 (L. E. Pefia). 16. Lacaria araucanaria Orfila and Schajovskoy, male, Lago Nonthue, Argentina, October 12, 1952 (S. Schajovskoy) (this specimen is a paratype of Casbia schajovskoyi Sperry). 17. Lacaria orfilai, new species, holotype, male, Lago Nonthue, Argentina, October 12, 1952 (S. Schajovskoy) (this specimen is also a paratype of C. schajovskoyi Sperry). 18. Franciscoia morenoi Orfila and Schajovskoy, male, Lake Nonthue, Argentina, 650 m (S. Schajovskoy). 19. Acauro rotundus, new species, holotype, male, Aguas Calientes, Chile, December 17-20, 1981 (L. E. Penia). 20. Calta lamella, new species, holotype, male, La Picada, Chile, January 13-22, 1980 (L. E. Penia). All AMNH; x 1.64. 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 19

Length ofForewings: Males, 15 to 20 mm; yses; apophyses posteriores 1.2 to 1.7 mm females, 15 to 20 mm. long, apophyses anteriores 0.6 to 1.0 mm. MALE GENITALIA: Uncus elongate, 0.4 to EARLY STAGES: Sugden (1968, pp. 28, 29) 0.5 mm long, base 0.40 mm wide, moderately described the larva of Thallophaga hyper- broad to slender, sides parallel, apex with sin- borea (Hulst), with a brief note on that of T. gle point or rounded ridge; socius elongate, taylorata (Hulst). slender, with approximately 10 setae on each FOOD PLANTS: Various conifers (Tsuga, side; gnathos more or less V-shaped, about Pseudotsuga, Thuja, Abies, Picea, and Pi- equal in length to length ofuncus, apical por- nus), Alnus (Betulaceae), and Salix (Salica- tion either bluntly tapered or attenuate, hav- ceae) (Prentice, 1963, p. 481; Sugden, 1968, ing ventral ridge with or without small spi- pp. 28, 29). Ribes (Saxifragaceae) has also nose projections; valves simple, curving been listed (Tietz, 1972, vol. 2, p. 627). posteriorly to about middle of uncus, costa TYPE SPECIES: For Anthelia Hulst (not La- broadly sclerotized; transtilla broad laterally, marck), A. taylorata Hulst; by original des- sharply constricted medially; processes of ignation. For Thallophaga, Tephrosia fau- anellus long and slender, 0.7 to 1.7 mm long, taria Hulst; by original designation. There is apex with group ofdensely packed, elongate, no objective replacement name for Hulst's slender setae; anellus of two lateral pieces, Anthelia; as taylorata and fautaria are con- more or less connected medially; cristae pres- generic, Thallophaga is available as a sub- ent or absent, when present not prominent, jective replacement name. arising from elongate patch, approximately DISTRIBUTION: Western North America, 15 to 20 on each side, about 0.10 to 0.15 mm from southern Alaska, British Columbia, and long; tegumen with single, short median point Idaho to northwestern Baja California North, offusion; saccus longer than tegumen, broad, west ofthe Cascade and Sierra Nevada ranges. with apical margin bluntly wedge-shaped or FLIGHT PERIOD: February into September, with shallow median indentation; aedeagus with the majority of specimens being caught 1.3 to 2.0 mm long, 0.2 to 0.3 mm wide, in the spring. becoming wider posteriorly, apex with sharp REMARKS: This genus is in need ofa specific attenuate sclerotized point; vesica unarmed. revision; three species are usually included. FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma not differentiated; ostium bursae very large, scarcely SECTION 2. GENERA FROM differentiated from ductus bursae, widest CHILE AND ARGENTINA posteriorly, tapering anteriorly, smoothly sclerotized; ductus bursae either appearing as The early stages and food plants for all the thickened anterior end of ostium bursae or included genera are unknown. as enlarged end thereof, quadrangular or elongate; ductus seminalis arising from small KEY TO GENERA sac located ventrally at junction of ductus bursae and corpus bursae, either medially or BASED ON EXTERNAL CHARACTERS situated transversely; corpus bursae either 1. Males with pectinate or laminate anten- long and slender or shorter, with slender pos- nae .... 2 terior end and swollen anterior portion, both Males with serrate or simple antennae 3 types membranous, more or less striate at 2(1). Males with pectinate antennae; hind wings posterior end, with junction at ductus bursae with upper surface mostly orange or or- either mediad or on left side, resulting from ange-red .. .. Catophoenissa corpus bursae being asymmetrical distally, Males with laminate antennae; hind wings corpus bursae two to three times as long as with upper surface brownish white ...... Calta apophyses posteriores; signum prominent, 3(1). Palpi shorter than length of eye ..... 4 transverse, indented, V-shaped in cross sec- Palpi as long as, or longer than, length of tion, margins smooth to dentate, 0.5 to 0.7 eye ...... 12 mm in length. Papillae anales small, mem- 4(3). Males with serrate antennae ...... 5 branous, with anterior attachment for apoph- Males with simple, prismatic antennae 6 20 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

21 22

23 24

is S

4..* ,'43w-- 1. p % ". .-. I., ,I ,.,r ., .44*/ 25 26

27 FIGS. 21-28. Adults from South America. 21. Huechulafquenia formosa Orfila and Schajovskoy, female, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina, February 1953 (J. Foerster). 22. Euclidiodes ophiusina 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 21

5(4). Basal segment offoretarsus with 2-4 setae Without row of setae ventrally on third ...... Nucara segment of male abdomen .... Guara Basal segment of foretarsus with 5-12 se- 15(13). Forewings with outer margin strongly tae ...... Lacaria scalloped; hind wings with veins M3, 6(4). Front with elongate scaling ventrally Cu1 and m + ldc combining to form ...... Franciscoia lower angle of cell . . Huechulafquenia Front without elongate scaling ventrally Forewings with outer margin deeply con-

...... 7 cave below apex, not scalloped; hind 7(6). Hind wings with upper surface orange- wings with veins m + ldc meeting M3 brown .... Incalvertia and with angled vein to Cu1 ......

Hind wings with upper surface white, gray, ...... Martindoelloia or brown ..... 8 16(12). With hair pencil on hind tibia of male .. mm 8(7). Foretarsus with basal segment 1.6-1.7 ...... 17 long, and with approximately 16 setae Without hair pencil on hind tibia of male

...... Siopla ...... Callemo Foretarsus with basal segment 1.7-2.3 mm 17(16). Forewings with upper surface yellow or long, and with about 2-10 setae 9 cream colored ...... 18 9(8). Palpi with second segment 0.6-0.8 mm Forewings with upper surface brown or long, third segment 0.3-0.4 mm ..... greenish brown ...... 19

...... Odontothera (in part) 18(17). Forewings with upper surface yellow, with Palpi with second segment 0.3-0.4 mm two brown costal spots; hind wings be-

long, third segment 0.2-0.3 mm . . 10 low with complete brown extradiscal 10(9). Forewings with outer margin round; up- line ...... Duraglia per surface of forewings with mixture Forewings with upper surface cream col- ofgreenish and brown scales, often with ored, with various longitudinal dark contrasting pattern ...... 11 markings; hind wings below without ex- Forewings with outer margin angulate; tradiscal line ...... Psilaspilates upper surface of forewings pale grayish 19(17). Palpi extending beyond eye by 1.25 (males) brown, with very little contrast in pat- to 1.50 (females) times diameter of eye

tern ...... Acauro ...... Laneco 11(10). Vein R, connected to Rs; forewings with Palpi extending beyond eye by 0.75-1.00 outer margin concave between veins . . (males) to 1.00-1.25 (females) times

...... Yalpa diameter of eye ......

Vein RI not united with Rs; forewing with ...... Odontothera(in part) outer margin smoothly rounded ...... Yapoma BASED ON MALE GENITALIA'

12(3). Front with elongate scaling ventrally ... 1. Valves simple, with costa not projecting ...... 13 Front without elongate scaling ventrally from valve ...... 3 Costa from of valves ...... 16 extending edge 2 2(1). Costa extending as arm from near base of 13(12). Forewings with outer margin evenly rounded 14 valves, apically spinose ..... Callemo ...... Costa extending most or all of length of Forewings with outer margin either deep- valve, heavily sclerotized, apex diag- ly concave or strongly scalloped below onal or curved and slightly protruding apex, projecting medially ...... 15 14(13). With row of setae ventrally on third seg- ...... Lacaria

ment of male abdomen .. Euclidiodes ' Huechulafquenia is not included.

(Butler), male, Hornohuinco, Chile, December 1968 (L. E. Pefia). 23. Euclidiodes agitata (Butler), male, Guayacan, Chile, October 1952 (L. E. Peiia). 24. Yapoma chone, new species, holotype, male, Dalcahue, Chile, January 17-31, 1962 (L. E. Pefia). 25. Duraglia xanthe, new species, holotype, male, Valdivia, Chile, February 22, 1959 (L. E. Penia). 26. Laneco suffuscus, new species, paratype, male, Chacamo, Chile, December 10, 1981 (L. E. Penia). 27. Incalvertia fumipennis (Warren), male, El Chinque, Chile, January 20-25, 1980 (L. E. Penia). 28. Catophoenissa dibapha dibapha (Felder and Rogenhofer), male, La Picada, Chile, January 13-22, 1980 (L. E. Pefia). All AMNH; x 1.5. 22 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

3(1). Surface of processes of anellus bare .. 4 sharply pointed, weakly setose ...... Surface of processes of anellus partly or .Euclidiodes wholly setose ...... 15 Processes ofanellus short, broad, apically 4(3). Vesica with spines ...... 5 wedge-shaped, thickly setose, with se- Vesica without spines ...... 13 tae extending beyond processes ......

5(4). Aedeagus 2.0 mm or shorter ...... 6 ...... Duraglia Aedeagus longer than 2.0 mm ...... 10 6(5). Aedeagus with posterior end narrowed, YALPA, NEW GENUS elongate, sclerotized ...... 7 Figures 7, 36, 62 Aedeagus with posterior end bluntly pointed or rounded, not lengthily scler- DiAGNOSIS: The members ofthis genus have otized ...... 8 palpi that are 1.5 times as long as the di- 7(6). Exserted vesica T-shaped, with single ameter ofthe eyes (males) or are slightly lon- elongate (0.5 mm) spine as continua- ger (females), and the front is flat and does tion of vertical portion ...... not have a ventral tuft. The upper surface of ...... Martindoelloia the broad, outwardly scalloped forewings has Exserted vesica a simple, more or less a variably mottled dark brown pattern on a straight tube, with 10 or more slender grayish or yellowish green ground color, and spines ...... Psilaspilates the hind wings 8(6). Processes of anellus 0.5 mm long, with has all the cross lines indicated; broadly swollen basal portions . . Yalpa are a contrasting grayish white. The male gen- Processes ofanellus 1.0 mm or longer, not italia have broad processes ofthe anellus that swollen ventrally ...... 9 are 0.5 mm long, and the vesica is armed 9(8). Anellus elongate, extending dorsally from with a row of about 12 to 15 short curved origin, then curving posteriorly; cristae spines. The female genitalia have a long slen- 0.2-0.8 mm long ...... der corpus bursae and lack the signum...... Odontothera (in part) ADULTS: Head with large eyes, males with Anellus short, flat; cristae 1.25-1.50 mm eyes wider than width of front, eyes of fe- long ...... Franciscoia males slightly smaller than those of males; 10(5). Aedeagus 4.0-5.0 mm long ...... front flat, scarcely extending beyond eyes, ...... Catophoenissa (in part) Aedeagus 1.4-3.0 mm in length .... 11 tightly scaled, without ventral tuft; palpi of 1 1(10). Aedeagus 1.4 mm in length .... Nucara males with second segment 0.4 mm long, third Aedeagus 2.0-3.0 mm in length .... 12 segment 0.2 mm long, being about 1.5 times 12(11). Cristae 6-10 on each side ..... Yapoma as long as diameter ofeyes, offemales slightly Cristae more than 30 on each side ..... longer; antennae of approximately 54 to 64 ...... Odontothera (in part) segments, simple in both sexes. Thorax slen- 13(4). Aedeagus 1.4-1.5 mm long ..... Guara der; foretibia of males with epiphysis arising Aedeagus 2.0-2.8 mm in length .... 14 at two- to three-fifths length of segment and 14(13). Processes of anellus 0.6-0.9 mm long . . being from one-half to two-thirds its length, ...... Catophoenissa (in part) of females arising between two-thirds and Processes of anellus 2.0 mm in length . . Calta three-fourths length and being from one- ...... fourth to one-third length of segment; hind 15(3). Gnathos V-shaped ...... 16 Gnathos W-shaped, or with median por- tibia of males with hair pencil. Abdomen tion like an inverted "U"...... 17 slender, extending to or just beyond hind 16(15). Aedeagus 1.4 mm long ...... Siopla margin ofhind wings; males with row ofsetae Aedeagus 2.5 mm in length .... Laneco on ventral surface of third segment, this 17(15). Gnathos W-shaped, with median portion structure perhaps partially deciduous. in form of ridge or point ...... 18 Forewings broad, costa curved, outer mar- Gnathos with median portion in form of gin rounded, prominently scalloped; with an inverted "U"...... Acauro either one or without any accessory cell; vein 18(17). Cnstae from 50-75 in number, 1.5 mm RI to Rs, R2 either free or from top of cell, long ...... Incalvertia R3+4 either long stalked or from end of cell Cristae from about 3-20, and 0.3-0.6 mm (when present), R5 either from R314 or from long ...... 19 bottom of cell (when present); mdc and ldc 19(18). Processes of anellus slender, apically angled or rounded. Hind wings broad, outer 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 23 margin scalloped; Sc paralleling R for one- umen, broad, anterior margin flat or concave; half to three-fifths length of cell; m and ldc aedeagus 1.9 to 2.0 mm long, 0.25 to 0.30 angled. mm wide, straight, posterior end bluntly Upper surface of forewings mottled dark pointed, weakly sclerotized; vesica with elon- brown or grayish on yellowish green ground gate row ofabout 12 to 15 curved, diagonally color, variable in pattern and color; t. a. line arranged, short (longest ones 0.2 mm) spines, often indicated by curved broad band, 1 mm row extending two-fifths length of aedeagus. wide; median shade line broad, curved or FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with sclero- biangulate, usually partly or completely united tized lamella antevaginalis, wider than long, with dark scaling occupying most or all of subtriangular or subrectangular in outline, area extending to t. p. line; discal spot ob- posterior margin weakly concave medially, scured by median line; t. p. line variably rep- lamella postvaginalis membranous, not de- resented, outwardly pointed on veins and fined, median area with a few short transverse strongly concave in cells, often partly ob- striations; ductus bursae short, wide, vertical, scured by band of dark scaling; subterminal 1.5 to 3.0 times wider than than high, scler- area often pale, contrasting with t. p. line; s. t. otized; ductus seminalis arising from ventral line with variable number of small white sac at posterior end of corpus bursae; corpus spots, usually present opposite cell and at bursae very long and slender, of approxi- outer angle; terminal line more or less com- mately equal width for entire length, 5.5 to plete, slender, black; fringe concolorous with 6.5 mm long, membranous except for small wing or with basal portion darkened, areas slightly sclerotized area on left side poste- opposite vein endings brown. Hind wings riorly, posterior end longitudinally striate, whitish, variably marked with scattered corpus bursae 5.5 to 6.0 times as long as brown scales and often with faint pinkish tint apophyses posteriores; signum absent. Pa- distally; discal dot small to obsolescent; ex- pillae anales long, slender, pointed, with tradiscal line of grayish venular dots; termi- anterior attachment for apophyses; length nal line black; fringe concolorous with wing. of apophyses posteriores 0.9 to 1.0 mm, Under surface of all wings paler than upper apophyses anteriores 0.4 mm. surface, with pattern repeated but fainter. TYPE SPECIES: Yalpa dalcahue, new species. Length ofForewings: Males, 13 to 17 mm; DISTRIBUTION: Central and southern Chile, females, 13 to 18 mm. plus adjacent Argentina. MALE GENITALIA: Uncus curved, 0.8 to 1.0 FLIGHT PERIOD: December, January, Feb- mm long, with base 0.4 to 0.5 mm wide, ruary, and March. slender, simple, sides parallel, apex pointed; REMARKS: Two species have been placed socius elongate, with about 25 setae on each in this genus. one; gnathos V-shaped, sides with posterior Yalpa shares the apomorphic characters of portions curved, of almost equal width for more than 50 cristae and absence ofa signum their length, apical portion curved vertically, with Odontothera (in part) and Laneco. The elongate, minutely spinose; valves simple, present genus is distinguished from Odon- straight, costa very slightly widened medi- tothera by having shorter palpi (0.6 mm, ally; transtilla with each lateral piece broad- compared with 0.9-1.2 mm), a longer uncus ened medially, tapered inwardly, with small (0.8-1.0 mm, compared with 0.5-0.7), a point of attachment on midline; processes of spined apex of the gnathos, the broad pro- anellus short, very wide, with posterolateral cesses of the anellus, a flat anellus, a straight margin extended as digitate projection, sur- aedeagus, a ductus bursae shorter than wide, face bare, about one-halflength ofuncus, 0.4 and the shorter apophyses posteriores (0.9- to 0.5 mm long, basal portion 0.2 mm wide; 1.0 mm, compared with 1.5-1.9 mm). It is anellus long, broad, sclerotized; cristae prom- distinguished from Laneco by palpi shorter inent, arising from semicircular area on each than length of eye, bare surface of processes side, approximately 25 on each area, 0.6 to ofthe anellus, aedeagus shorter than 2.0 mm, 0.7 mm long, extending to middle of pro- and the absence of striations on the posterior cesses ofanellus; tegumen with short antero- portion of the corpus bursae. median fusion; saccus slightly longer than teg- ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is an ar- 24 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838 bitrary combination of letters; the gender is TYPES: Holotype, male, Dalcahue, Chiloe, feminine. Chile, February 12, 1973 (L. E. Penia); allotype, female, same data, February 1971. The new species genitalia ofthe holotype are mounted on slide Yalpa dalcahue, FHR 19,140A, with one antenna and set of Figures 7, 36, 62 legs on FHR 19,140B; the genitalia of the DIAGNOSIS: As given for the genus. allotype are on slide FHR 19,213A, with part ADULTS: Head with vertex pale brown; front of one antenna and set of legs on FHR concolorous with vertex or with more white 19,213B. Paratypes, all from Chiloe, Chile: scaling; palpi dark gray and grayish black lat- Dalcahue, E coast Chiloe Island, February erally, whitish on inner surface and apically. 10-12, 1957 (L. E. Pefia), one male; Rio Ca- Thorax with mixture of pale brown, darker rihueico, mountains of Chiloe Island, NW of brown, and pale gray scaling, patagia grayish; Castro, February 18-25, 1957 (L. E. Pefia), below pale gray; legs cream colored, variably one male; Dalcahue, E coast ofChiloe Island, spotted with black. Abdomen pale gray and February 1961 (L. E. Peina), one male, Jan- cream, sparsely spotted with black. uary 17-31, 1962 (L. E. Penia), 98 males; Dal- Upper Surface of Wings: Forewings mot- cahue, February 1971 (G. Barria), 63 males, tled dark brown on yellowish green ground 2 females, February 12, 1973 (G. Barria), 43 color; t. a. line broad, dark brown, biconvex; males; Huequetrumao, 22 km N Quellon, median area with basal portion yellowish December 26-28, 1981 (L. E. Pefia), seven green, distally dark brown or blackish brown, males. with discal spot at edge of darkened area; t. The holotype, allotype, and paratypes are p. line varying from clearly represented to in the collection of the AMNH. being included in dark median shading, out- DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type wardly pointed on veins, strongly concave in series from Chiloe, Chile. cells; subterminal area partially suffused with FLIGHT PERIOD: December, January, and dark scaling, with s. t. line having variable February. number ofwhite spots; females tending to be REMARKS: Two hundred eighteen speci- less solidly darkened than males, with more mens (215 males, 3 females), genitalic slides dappled appearance. Hind wings white or oftwo males and one female, and slide mounts whitish, with variable number of scattered of antennae and legs of one male and one brownish black scales; discal dot and partial female have been studied. double extradiscal line present, latter con- The sister species of dalcahue occurs in sisting of two rows of venular dots. Under Chile (the provinces of Arauco, Cautin, Li- surface of wings with forewings having mix- nares, Malleco, Nuble, Osorno, Santiago, and ture of pale gray, grayish brown, and brown Valdivia) and adjacent Argentina (Neuquen). scales, with maculation of upper surface There is less individual variation in the color weakly repeated; hind wings similar to upper and pattern ofdalcahue than in its congener; surface, with stronger maculation. the latter ranges from being basically similar Length of Forewings: Holotype and allo- to dalcahue to having the upper surface of type, 15 mm; male paratypes, 13 to 15 mm, the forewings mostly dark brown. In addi- female paratypes, 14 to 16 mm. tion, dalcahue is distinguished by its slightly MALE GENITALIA: Uncus 0.80 to 0.85 mm smaller size, the longer epiphysis on the male long, with base 0.4 mm wide; cristae 0.6 mm foreleg, a shorter uncus, shorter cristae, the in length; aedeagus 1.9 to 2.0 mm long, 0.25 aedeagus with a blunter posterior end, more to 0.30 mm wide; vesica with approximately spines in the vesica, the shorter apophysis 15 curved spines. posteriores, and the broader and narrower FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with subrect- ductus bursae. angular lamella antevaginalis; ductus bursae All the specimens that I have studied were three times wider than long; corpus bursae received dry and had to be mounted; it is not approximately 5.5 mm long. Apophyses pos- known whether the process ofrelaxing them, teriores 0.9 mm long, apophyses anteriores with its high humidity, has affected the color 0.4 mm. of the forewings. 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 25

ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a noun Abdomen slender, extending to hind margin in apposition taken from the type locality. of hind wings; males with deciduous row of reduced setae on ventral surface ofthird seg- GENUS ODONTOTHERA BUTLER ment. Figures 8, 9, 37, 38, 63 Forewings broad, triangular, outer margin angulate, shallowly scalloped; either one or Odontothera Butler, 1882, p. 409. no accessory cell; vein R, either free or to Rs, Proteopharmacis Warren, 1895, p. 153. Orfila and R2 either free or from top or end ofcell (when Schajovskoy, "1959" [1960], p. 17, figs. 7-9 present), R314 either stalked or from end of (venation, male and female genitalia), pl. 1, fig. cell (when present), R5 either from R314 or 5 (adult). New synonymy. from bottom ofcell (when present); mdc and DiAGNOsIs: The members ofthis genus have ldc rounded or biconvex. Hind wings broad, palpi that are slightly shorter than or equal weakly angulate, outer margin scalloped; Sc to the diameter of the eyes, and the front is paralleling R for two-fifths to one-halflength flat and does not have a ventral tuft. The of cell; m and ldc rounded or angled. upper surface of the broad, triangular wings Upper surface of forewings various shades has the outer margin angled and scalloped, ofbrown, greenish brown, or gray, unicolor- the forewings are various shades of brown, ous or with yellowish or dark brown median greenish brown, or gray, and the median area area; t. a. line angulate from costa, then more is either concolorous with the remainder of or less straight across wing to inner margin; the wing or is a contrasting yellow, and there median area broad, some specimens with is often considerable variation within a spe- median shade line; discal spot small or ob- cies; the hind wings are concolorous with, or solescent; t. p. line weakly S-shaped or almost slightly paler than, the forewings. The male straight, prominent or represented by small genitalia have long and slender processes of venular dots; subterminal area concolorous the anellus, the vertical, long, straplike anel- with basal area; s. t. line absent or represented lus is an autapomorphic character, and the by small spots in lower part ofwing; terminal aedeagus is C-shaped. The female genitalia line obsolescent or in form of small intra- have an autapomorphic flattened, ribbonlike, venular dark spots; fringe concolorous with curved ductus bursae that is three to four wing. Hind wings either concolorous with, or times as long as wide, and the elongate, pos- slightly paler than, forewings; discal dot and teriorly sclerotized corpus bursae does not median shade line small to obsolescent; ex- have a signum. tradiscal line almost straight, similar in form ADULTS: Head with large eyes, males with and color to t. p. line; terminal line and fringe eyes as wide as or wider than width of front, as on forewings. Under surface brown or eyes of females slightly smaller than those of grayish brown, hind wings either concolorous males; front flat or weakly swollen, scarcely with, or paler than, forewings; pattern re- extending beyond eyes, tightly scaled, with- peated from upper surface but fainter. out ventral tuft; palpi of males with second Length of Forewings: Males, 13 to 18 mm; segment 0.6 to 0.8 mm long, third segment females, 15 to 18 mm. 0.3 to 0.4 mm, being from three-fourths to MALE GENITALIA: Uncus curved, 0.5 to 0.7 equal to diameter ofeye in length, offemales mm long, with base 0.4 to 0.5 mm wide, slightly longer, being from equal to 1.25 times slender, simple, slightly tapered to pointed diameter of eye; antennae of approximately apex; socius small, subtriangular to elongate, 54 to 68 segments, simple in both sexes, with from about 30 to 50 setae on each one; shortly and densely ciliate on under surface. gnathos V-shaped, elongate, sides curved, Thorax slender; foretibia of males with tapering in width ventrally, apical portion epiphysis arising between three-fifths and two- rounded or pointed, curved ventrally, smooth- thirds length ofsegment and being about two- ly sclerotized or punctate; valves simple, fifths its length, of females arising between curved posteriorly, elongate, extending to two-thirds and three-fourths length and being about middle of uncus; transtilla large, each between one-third and two-fifths length of side subtriangular, extending posteriorly, segment; hind tibia ofmales with hair pencil. posterior margin curved, shortly united me- 26 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

dially; processes ofanellus very long and slen- and Rogenhofer for Proteopharmacis; by der, arising dorsally from lateral margins of original designation. anellus, curved, surface bare, each apex DISTRIBUTION: Central and southern Chile, pointed, usually longer than uncus, 1.0 to 1.6 and adjacent Argentina. mm long, rarely short, 0.4 mm in length; FLIGHT PERIOD: November into March. anellus elongate, vertical, two to three times REMARKS: Five species are included in this longer than wide, subrectangular; cristae genus. Three of these, including valdiviana, present or absent, when present arising from have the upper surface of the wings various elongate area, varying from about five on each shades ofbrown; there is a considerable range side and 0.2 mm long, to 20 or 30 and 0.6 of variation within each species as to color, to 0.8 mm long; tegumen with anteromedian or combinations ofcolors, and a study ofthe fusion about one-half length of adjacent teg- genitalia may be required to properly segre- umen; saccus about twice as long as tegumen, gate the taxa. A fourth species, virescens, has anterior margin broadly rounded; aedeagus the upper surface a finely mottled or speckled C-shaped, 1.7 to 3.3 mm long (measured in greenish, with the hind wings being almost straight line from one end to other), 0.1 to concolorous with the forewings; this latter 0.2 mm wide, posterior end rounded or character will separate virescens from Yalpa bluntly pointed, posterolateral regions very dalcahue. The fifth species is basically similar narrowly sclerotized or with faint longitudi- in maculation to the fourth one but the upper nal striations; vesica with either an elongate surface is a pale gray. row of about 16 to 25 diagonally arranged My identification of Odontothera virescens setae, 0.3 to 0.7 mm in length, extending most Butler is based on material from the Sperry of length of aedeagus, or with from 3 to 10 collection (now in the AMNH) that was de- setae medially, 0.15 to 0.60 mm long. termined by Fletcher at the BM; of valdi- FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma without la- viana, by a comparison with the figure given mella antevaginalis, lamella postvaginalis as the original description, and matching it appearing as sclerotized ventral surface of with specimens in my care. The type species segment, square or slightly longer than wide, ofthe two genera do not appear to be closely with transverse striations, and with one or allied when just the color and maculation are two slight vertical ridges or striations later- compared. However, a study ofthe genitalia, ally; ductus bursae sclerotized, very flat, un- plus numerous other characters, proves that dulating, elongate, three to four times as long they are congeneric in my opinion, as they as wide, posterior end flared out, anteriorly differ primarily in color and pattern of the joined to dorsal portion of corpus bursae; upper surface of the wings, and in virescens ductus seminalis arising from sac at posterior lack cristae, which are present in the other end of corpus bursae, ventrad of ductus bur- four included species. As a result ofmy anal- sae; corpus bursae elongate, two to three times ysis, Proteopharmacis is placed as a synonym longer than apophyses posteriores, curved of Odontothera. medially, posterior portion heavily and The two autapomorphic genitalic charac- smoothly sclerotized, anterior portion slight- ters given in the Diagnosis will distinguish ly swollen, becoming membranous, slightly both males and females from any other known asymmetrical, with longitudinal striations for Lithinini genus. most of length, anterior end without striations; signum absent. Papillae anales weakly GENUS PSILASPILATES BUTLER sclerotized, poorly defined, long, slender, Figures 10, 39, 64 pointed, with anterior point of attachment for apophyses; apophyses posteriores 1.5 to Psilaspilates Butler, 1893, p. 458. 0.9 to 1.1 Psilaspilates Warren, 1894, p. 438 (junior hom- 1.9 mm long, apophyses anteriores onym of Psilaspilates Butler, 1893). mm in length. TYPE SPECIES: Odontothera virescens But- DiAGNOSIS: The members ofthis genus may ler for Odontothera; designated by Fletcher, be recognized by the length ofthe palpi, which 1979, p. 144. Scotopteryx valdiviana Felder is 1.0 to 1.5 times the diameter of the eye. 1 986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 27

The upper surface of the wings is creamy or slightly paler than forewings; without mac- yellowish ochre, with most species lacking ulation except for obsolescent discal dot. Un- cross lines; the forewings are without an ac- der surface offorewings suffused with brown- cessory cell. The male genitalia have curved ish scales, hind wings paler; maculation processes of the anellus that are 0.30 to 0.75 varying from obsolescent to having discal dots mm long, the everted vesica has a median and partial or complete row ofsmall venular sac and from about 10 to 40 slender setae. dots indicating t. p. and extradiscal lines. The female genitalia have an elongate corpus Length ofForewings: Males, 13 to 18 mm; bursae, often with the posterior end striated, females, 12 to 19 mm. and a small signum. MALE GENITALIA: Uncus curved, 0.8 to 1.0 ADULTS: Head with each eye of males mm long, with base 0.4 to 0.6 mm wide, slightly narrower than or same width as front, slender to moderately broad, slightly con- offemales slightly smaller; front flat, scarcely stricted medially, apex with single elongate extending beyond eyes, tightly scaled, with- point; socius shortly digitate, with from about out ventral tuft; palpi long, males with second 8 to 25 setae on each one; gnathos either an segment 0.7 to 0.8 mm, third segment 0.4 to elongate V or W-shaped, sides straight, apical 0.6 mm in length, extending beyond front of portion of V slightly curved ventrally, not eye for distance 1.0 to 1.5 times diameter of enlarged but with posteroventral ridge having eye, offemales slightly longer, extending from minute spines or denticulations, of W-shaped 1.25 to just over 1.5 times diameter of eye; species broad, with recurved, densely spinose antennae of approximately 49 to 58 seg- median area; valves simple, broad; transtilla ments, simple in both sexes. Thorax slender; with each lateral piece variously swollen but foretibia of males with epiphysis arising be- with anteromedian projection, curving me- tween one-third and one-half length of seg- dioposteriorly and with small point of at- ment and being one-half to two-thirds its tachment on midline; processes ofanellus rel- length, of females arising between one-third atively thick, more or less tapering distally, and two-fifths length and being three-fifths to apically pointed, surface bare, 0.30 to 0.75 two-thirds length of segment; hind tibia of mm long; anellus broad, sclerotized, of var- males with hair pencil. Abdomen slender, ex- ious shapes; cristae very slender, from linear tending shortly beyond hind wings in males, area, from about 6 to 12 on each side, 0.3 to of about same length as wings in females. 0.4 mm long; tegumen broad, with dorso- Forewings broad, apex weakly attenuate, median area X-shaped; saccus slightly longer outer margin concave below apex, swollen than tegumen, tapering, anterior margin with medially, smooth; without accessory cell; vein median invagination; aedeagus 1.5 to 2.0 mm R1 free or to Rs, R2 free, R3+4 stalked, R5 long, 0.25 to 0.30 mm wide, weakly curved, from R314; mdc and ldc rounded or biconvex. posterior end an elongate laterally sclerotized Hind wings somewhat triangular, with slight point; vesica with from about 10 to 40 long, concave area below apex; Sc paralleling R for slender spines, the longest being 0.3 to 0.9 about three-fifths length of cell; m and ldc mm in length, occupying from one-fifth to rounded. three-fifths length of aedeagus; vesica, when Upper surface of forewings creamy or yel- exserted, in form of simple sac, with small lowish ochre, with or without brown scaling; median swelling, extending at angle to ae- cross lines absent in most species, with vari- deagus, and with spines directed laterally and able dark scaling along veins instead; when anteriorly. cross lines present, t. a. line outwardly oblique, FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with lightly basal portion of median area darkened, in- sclerotized lamella antevaginalis, anterior dicating curved median shade line at outer margin rounded or concave medially, pos- margin, and with t. p. line arising at right terior margin straight, lamella postvaginalis angle to costa, with lower portion broadly membranous, median area with transverse and evenly concave; black discal spot and striations; ductus bursae with lateral areas small terminal dots present in all species; appearing more heavily sclerotized than cen- fringe concolorous with wing. Hind wings very ter, square or slightly longer than wide, pos- 28 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

Ix~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l

i31 32I

I 1 34

FIGS. 29-34. Male genitalia. 29. Philedia punctomacularia (Hulst), Wellington, British Columbia, October 7, 1950 (R. Guppy). 30. Petrophora divisata Hiibner, Ocean Co., New Jersey, May 14, 1944 (O. Buchholz). 31. Tacparia zalissaria Walker, Port Sewall, Florida, February 19, 1938 (L. C. Sanford). 32. Tacparia atropunctata (Packard), Enfield, Maine, June 27, 1969 (L. P. Grey). 33. Gueneria basiaria (Walker), Black Mountains, North Carolina, June 10. 34. Homochlodes lactispargaria (Walker), Bar Harbor, Maine, May 11, 1937 (A. E. Brower). All AMNH; bar equals 1 mm. 1 986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 29 terior end flared or straight sided; ductus corpus bursae with the posterior third lightly seminalis arising from either swelling or sac sclerotized and longitudinally striate, the an- at posterior end ofcorpus bursae; corpus bur- terior two-thirds membranous, and the sig- sae elongate or rather wide and shorter, 2.5 num an elongate, sclerotized, semicircular to 4.0 times longer than apophyses poste- strip. riores, posterior portion either sclerotized, ADULTS: Head with eyes of males slightly with definite longitudinal striations, and with narrower than width offront, eyes of females anterior portion somewhat swollen, or mem- smaller than those of males; front weakly branous, with faint longitudinal striations, swollen, barely extending beyond eyes, tight- and with anterior portion scarcely enlarged; ly scaled, with small ventral tuft; palpi of signum small to minute, round or elliptical males with second segment 0.7 mm long, third on surface ofcorpus, flat and with rayed mar- segment 0.4 mm, extending about 1.25 times gin or with indented rim having few and small diameter of eye in front ofeye in males, 1.50 dentitions. Papillae anales short, rounded, times in females; antennae of about 46 or 47 with anterior or median attachment for segments, simple in both sexes. Thorax slen- apophyses; apophyses posteriores 0.8 to 1.2 der; foretibia of males with epiphysis arising mm long, apophyses anteriores 0.3 to 0.6 mm. at two-fifths length of segment and being TYPE SPECIES: Panagra cavifasciata Butler, three-fifths its length, offemales shorter; hind for Psilaspilates Butler; designated by Fletch- tibia of males without hair pencil. Abdomen er, 1979, p. 177. Lozogramma butyrosa But- slender, extending to hind margin of hind ler, for Psilaspilates Warren; by original des- wings in both sexes; males without row of ignation. Psilaspilates was used and made setae on ventral surface of third segment. nomenclaturally available by Butler prior to Forewings broad, apex acute, outer margin its proposal and generic description by War- weakly angulate, smooth; either with or with- ren. There is no objective replacement name out one accessory cell; vein R1 free, R2 either for the junior homonym; as both cavifasciata free or from end of cell (when present), R3+4 and butyrosa are congeneric, in the opinion either stalked or from end ofcell (when pres- of Fletcher (op. cit.), none is needed. ent), Rs either stalked with R314 or from near DISTRIBUTION: Chile and adjacent Argen- end ofcell (when present); mdc and ldc weak- tina. ly biconcave. Hind wings broad, round, outer FLIGHT PERIOD: From October into May. margin smooth except for faint dual concav- REMARKS: I have studied six species that ity below apex; Sc paralleling R for half are being placed in this genus. They may be length of cell; m and ldc weakly angled. distinguished by the apomorphic characters Upper surface of forewings dark brown, listed in the tables, by the keys, and by the with median area tending to be very slightly Diagnosis. paler; t. a. line not prominent, extending at right angle from costa to cell, then outwardly CALLEMO, NEW GENUS biconvex, curving basally to inner margin; Figures 11,40, 65 discal dot small, either basad of or on edge DIAGNOSIS: The moths of this genus may ofgently curving median shade line; t. p. line be recognized by the elongate palpi which formed by series of dark venular dots par- extend beyond the eyes 1.25 (males) to 1.50 alleling outer margin, each dot shaded dis- (females) times the diameter of the eye, by tally by white scales; subterminal area not the small ventral tuft on the front, and by the differentiated and s. t. line obsolescent; ter- absence of the hair pencil on the hind tibia minal line absent; fringe concolorous with of the males. The upper surface of all wings wing except for narrow grayish white outer is a uniform dark brown, with obscure mac- margin. Hind wings concolorous with fore- ulation. The male genitalia have the uncus wings, having faint median shade line and curved in a C-shape, the valves have a strong- extradiscal line; terminal line absent; fringe ly sclerotized costal arm, the processes ofthe similar to that of forewing. Under surface anellus are angled, and the vesica has a single dark grayish brown, forewings paler along in- large spine. The female genitalia have a large ner margin, hind wings slightly paler than 30 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

135 36

FIGS. 35-40. Male genitalia. 35. Thallophaga hyperborea (Hulst), Seattle, Washington, emerged Jan- uary 30, 1944 (A. Herz). 36. Yalpa dalcahue, new species, holotype, Dalcahue, Chile, February 12, 1973 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 31 forewings; veins of all wings faintly orange- heavily sclerotized cornutus, 0.5 mm long, brown; forewings with faint discal dot and basal portion widened, when exserted, ex- t. p. line of dark venular dots, with s. t. line tending at angle to aedeagus. gray, angulate in cells; hind wings with pat- FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with large, tern of upper surface repeated, more strongly membranous funnel-shaped ostium bursae, represented; terminal lines weakly present on without defined lamellae; ductus bursae small, all wings; fringes concolorous with wings, square, weakly sclerotized; ductus seminalis without distal grayish white edging. arising from ventral sac at posterior end of Length ofForewings: Males, 12 to 14 mm; corpus bursae; corpus bursae ovate, three females, 15 to 16 mm. times as long as apophyses posteriores, pos- MALE GENITALIA: Uncus sharply curved for terior three-tenths lightly sclerotized and with more than 900, with base 0.25 mm wide, slen- numerous longitudinal striations, anterior der, sides parallel, digital portion with slen- portion membranous; signum in form of der setae on outer surface, apex bluntly point- slender, semicircular V-shaped band on left ed; socius short, with about 10 setae on each side anteriad of membranous area, apices one; gnathos with sides of posterior portion pointed. Papillae anales elongate, posteriorly slanting inwardly, then converging to form rounded, with anterior point of attachment elongate V-shaped median projection, apex for apophyses; apophyses posteriores 1.5 mm terminating in prominent recurved point; long, anterior apophyses 1.0 mm. valves broadly attached to saccus, with only TYPE SPECIES: Callemo monotonos, new widened distal portion of valvula spreading species. out laterally, with heavily sclerotized costa DISTRIBUTION: Central and southern Chile, curving medially, apical portion troughlike and adjacent Argentina. and with short, slender spines at each apex, FLIGHT PERIOD: November, December, valvula widened distally, not quite attaining January, and February. apex of costa; transtilla large, rounded lat- REMARKS: Only the type species is placed erally, narrowed posteromedially and having in this genus. small point of attachment at midline; pro- Callemo is the only genus to possess the cesses of anellus extending to transtilla, an- apomorphic characters in the male genitalia gled medially, posterior portion tapered to of having valves with costal arms, plus cris- point and having several slender setae, total tae. In the female genitalia, it shares with length 0.5 mm; anellus quadrate, longer than Martindoelloia a ductus bursae that is as long wide, membranous except for strips basad of as wide, a corpus bursae that is three times processes; cristae very slender, extending as long as the apophyses posteriores, stria- posteriorly to ends of processes of anellus, tions posteriorly on the corpus bursae, and 0.7 mm long, about nine setae on each side having the signum in the form ofan elongate, arising from linear area; tegumen triangular, slender, V-shaped band. The female struc- almost twice as wide as long, with slender tures of Callemo can be distinguished from transverse bar forming median fusion; saccus those ofMartindoelloia by the former having three times longer than tegumen, tapering, a shorter and more clearly defined posteriorly anterior margin rounded or bluntly pointed; striate portion of the corpus bursae, with a aedeagus 1.3 to 1.5 mm long, 0.2 to 0.3 mm definite line of demarcation between it and wide, weakly curved, posterior end sclero- the anterior membranous part, and by the tized, somewhat angled, forming elongate much larger signum being immediately ad- slender point; vesica armed with single, large, jacent to this line of separation.

(L. E. Penia). 37. Odontothera valdiviata (Felder and Rogenhofer), Las Viscaches, Chile, December 1- 12, 1982 (L. E. Penia). 38. Odontothera virescens Butler, Aguas Calientes, Chile, January 2-6, 1982 (L. E. Pefia) (lateral view). 39. Psilaspilates signistriaria Butler, W. Catapilco, Chile, March 12-13, 1964 (L. E. Pefia). 40. Callema monotonos, new species, holotype, Estero La Juala, Chile, January 4-18, 1964 (L. E. Penia). All AMNH; bar equals 1 mm. 32 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

I 41 4

43 44~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~I 'I

46 IK DeemeFIGS. 41-46. Male genitalia. 41. Martindoelloiajuradoi Orfila and Schajovskoy, Hornohuinco, Chile, (L4E5 new December 1968 (L. E. Pefia). 42. Guara rhaphis, species, holotype, El Chinque, Chile, January 22, 1980 (L. E. Pefia). 43. Siopla derance, new species, holotype, Las Trancas, Chile, December 1-15, 1976 1 986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 33

ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is an ar- tion; the label does not include the province, bitary combination of letters; the gender is but I have added it in brackets, above. masculine. The holotype, allotype, and paratypes are in the collection of the AMNH. Callemo monotonos, new species DISTRIBUTION: Central and southern Chile, Figures 11,40, 65 plus Neuquen, Argentina (the 8 males from the latter country are excluded from the type DIAGNOSIS: As given for the genus. series). ADULTS: As described for the genus. FLIGHT PERIOD: From November into Feb- Length of Forewings: Holotype, 14 mm; ruary. allotype, 16 mm; male paratypes, 12 to 14 REMARKS: Forty specimens (35 males, 5 mm, female paratypes, 16 to 17 mm. females), five male and one female genitalic MALE GENITALIA: As described for the ge- slides, and four male slide mounts oflegs and nus. antennae have been studied. FEMALE GENITALIA: As described for the The specimens from Curico (holotype), genus. Arauco, Nuble, Malleco, and coastal Llan- TYPES: Holotype, male, Estero La Juala, quihue have forewings with upper surfaces a Andes, Los Quenes, Curico, Chile, January slightly paler, more reddish brown than do 4-18, 1964 (L. E. Penia); allotype, female, the remaining ones from Valdivia, Osorno, Contulmo, Palo Botado, [Arauco], Chile, inland Llanquihue, and Chiloe; the Argen- February 1, 1953 (L. E. Peina). The genitalia tinian examples are the paler form. These of the holotype are mounted on slide FHR paler examples are from central Chile and 14,569, and those of the allotype on FHR Argentina, whereas the darker moths are more 14,498. Paratypes, all from Chile and col- southerly in distribution. The latter tend to lected by L. E. Pefia: Las Trancas, 1100 m, have the pattern on the upper surface of the NE of Recinto in Chillan area, Nuble, Jan- forewings slightly more clearly defined than uary 24-30, 1983, February 15, 1983, four do the paler specimens. males, one female; Rio Blanco, Andes, Cu- ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is from the racautin, Malleco, February 1964, two males; Greek monotonos, in reference to the almost Pucatrihue, coastal Osorno, January 24-31, unicolorous and weakly patterned forewings. 1966, one male; Rincon de Piedra, Santo Do- mingo, Valdivia, February 23-26, 1979, two GENUS MARTINDOELLOIA males; Lago Toro, 700 m, near Puyehue, ORFILA AND SCHAJOVSKOY Osorno, February 7-8, 1978, one male; Figures 12, 41, 66 "Aguas Calientes," 600 m, Puyehue National Park, Osorno, February 10-22, 1979, four Martindoelloia Orfila and Schajovskoy, 1963, p. 1. males, three females; Hornohuinco, S ofCha- DIAGNOSIS: The moths of this genus have po Lake and E of Puerto Montt, Llanquihue, eyes and palpi ofequal size in both sexes, the December 1968, one male; La Picada, 600 front has a very long ventral tuft, and the m, N of Petrohue, Llanquihue, January 13- palpi are 1.5 times as long as the diameter of 22, 1980, one male; El Chinque, 300 m, N the eyes. The forewings have an attenuate of Correntoso, Llanquihue, January 20-25, apex and a prominent projection on vein M3, 1980, seven males, two females; Dalcahue, being deeply concave between the two; the NE of Castro, Chiloe, February 1, 1981, one upper surface is two shades of brown, sepa- male. The allotype is from the Sperry collec- rated by a straight, prominent t. p. line. The

(L. E. Peiia). 44. Nucara recurva, new species, holotype, Fundo Malcho, Chile, November 11-20, 1964 (L. E. Penia). 45. Lacaria orfilai, new species, holotype, Lake Nonthue, Argentina, October 12, 1952 (S. Schajovskoy) (this dissection is from a paratype of Casbia schajovskoyi Sperry). 46. Franciscoia morenoi Orfila and Schajovskoy, San Martin de los Andes, Argentina, October 1952. All AMNH; bar equals 1 mm. 34 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838 male genitalia have the processes ofthe anel- faint trace oft. p. line, hind wings with discal lus elongate, slender, angled, and apically spot and complete extradiscal line represent- sclerotized; the vesica, when exserted, is ed by venular dots. T-shaped, with a single elongate spine. The Length ofForewings: Males, 16 to 17 mm; female genitalia have an elongate corpus bur- females, 15 to 17 mm. sae, longitudinally striate posteriorly, swollen MALE GENITALIA: Uncus curved, forming and membranous anteriorly, and the signum slightly less than 900 angle, with base 0.5 mm is straight, indented, slender, and transverse. wide, simple, slender, slightly constricted ADULTS: Head with eyes of both sexes of medially, dorsolateral areas with very slender equal size, slightly smaller than width offront; setae, apex bluntly pointed; socius small, front flat, not projecting beyond eyes, tightly padlike, triangular, with about eight setae on scaled, ventrally with elongate tuft as long as each side; gnathos V-shaped, sides broad, eyes; palpi of both sexes rising to middle of apical portion more heavily sclerotized, ter- eye, second segment 0.8 mm long, third seg- minating in prominent posteriorly projecting ment 0.4 mm, being 1.5 times as long as di- spinelike point; valves simple, curved, ex- ameter of eyes; antennae of approximately tending to near middle ofuncus, costa broad- 53 to 58 segments, simple in both sexes. Tho- ly sclerotized, slightly curved distally; trans- rax slender; foretibia ofmales with epiphysis tilla slender, anterior margin weakly arising about two-fifths length ofsegment and W-shaped, posterior margin curved, with being two-thirds its length, offemales arising small point of attachment at midline; pro- at two-thirds length and being slightly more cesses ofanellus extending halflength ofgna- than one-third length of segment; hind tibia thos, slightly angled medially, posterior por- of males with hair pencil. Abdomen slender, tion tapering and having several slender setae extending to hind margin of hind wings in at apex, total length 0.5 mm; anellus sclero- both sexes; males with row ofsetae on ventral tized laterally and anteriorly, membranous surface of third segment. medially; cristae prominent, arising from lin- Forewings broad, apex attenuate, outer ear strip, about 20 to 25 on each side, 0.6 margin deeply concave below apex, with mm long, extending just beyond transtilla; strong projection at vein M3, margin smooth; tegumen rounded, each side narrow, with without accessory cell or with minute cross short anteromedian fusion; saccus twice as vein to form single cell; vein R1 free, R2 free long as tegumen, broad, tapering anterior or from top ofend ofcell (when present), R3+4 margin slightly rounded; aedeagus 1.9 to 2.0 stalked or from end of cell (when present), mm long, 0.3 mm wide, weakly curved, pos- R5 from R314 or from bottom of cell (when terior end sclerotized, asymmetrical, elon- present); mdc and ldc weakly curved. Hind gate, pointed; vesica, when exserted, in form wings broad, weakly angled medially, with ofinverted T, at about 450 angle to aedeagus, slightly scalloped margin; Sc paralleling R for upright portion ofT terminating in long (0.6- seven-tenths length ofcell; m and ldc round- 0.7 mm), slender, straight spine, dorsal area ed. at base of exserted vesica slightly sclerotized Upper surface of forewings with basal and and with thick, curved spine 0.3 mm long. median areas grayish brown, outer area dark- FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with large, er brown; t. a. line obsolescent, apparently membranous, funnel-shaped ostium bursae, deeply dentate; median line absent; discal dot without defined lamellae but with transverse minute; t. p. line prominent, straight, par- striations medially posteriad of ostium bur- tially or entirely double; subterminal area sae; ductus bursae with lateral margins ap- unicolorous, with obsolescentjagged s. t. line; pearing more heavily sclerotized than me- terminal line represented by a few dark cel- dian area, short, slightly wider than long; lular dots; fringe concolorous with wing. Hind ductus seminalis arising from ventral sac at wings slightly paler than basal portion offore- posterior end ofcorpus bursae; corpus bursae wings; without maculation except for faint, elongate, three times as long as apophyses incomplete extradiscal line. Under surface of posteriores, posterior region slender, lightly forewings unicolorous grayish brown, hind sclerotized, and with longitudinal striations, wings slightly pinkish brown; forewings with anteriorly swollen, ovate, membranous; sig- 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 35

1-- I /I FIGS. 47-50. Male genitalia. 47. Acauro rotundus, new species, holotype, Aguas Calientes, Chile, December 17-20, 1981 (L. E. Pefia). 48. Calta lamella, new species, San Martin de los Andes, Argentina, February 16, 1953 (J. Foerster). 49. Euclidiodes ophiusina (Butler), Las Trancas, Chile, December 14- 15, 1976 (L. E. Pefia). 50. Yapoma chone, new species, paratype, Rio Carihueico, Chile, February 18- 25, 1957 (L. E. Penia). All AMNH; bar equals 1 mm. num flat, transverse, indented, 0.4 mm long. REMARKS: Only the type species is included Papillae anales elongate, rounded posteriorly, in this genus. with median attachment for apophyses; My identification ofthis genus is based on apophyses posteriores 1.1 to 1.3 mm long, four males and two females from two local- apophyses anteriores 0.7 to 0.9 mm. ities in Neuquen, Argentina, collected by TYPE SPECIES: Martindoelloia juradoi Or- Schajovskoy, and from the Sperry collection, fila and Schajovskoy, 1963, p. 1, pl. 2, figs. now in the AMNH. These moths agree very 3 (male genitalia), 4 (aedeagus), 7 (female well with the original description of the ge- genitalia), pl. 3, figs. 4, 5 (adult male and nus. The four males and two females from female); by original designation. Chile, in turn, are very similar to the Argen- DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Neuquen) and tinian specimens. The moths are very dis- Chile (Curico, Bio-Bio, Llanquihue, Osorno, tinctive with their wing shape, the color and and Chiloe). pattern of the forewings, and genitalia. FLIGHT PERIOD: September through Janu- The present genus can be recognized by the ary, and March. apomorphic characters given in the tables, by 36 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

-11

153 5 FIGS. 51-54. Male genitalia. 51. Duraglia xanthe, new species, holotype, Valdivia, Chile, February 22, 1959 (L. E. Penia). 52. Laneco suffuscus, new species, holotype, Pucatrihue, Chile, January 24-31, 1966 (L. E. Pefia). 53. Incalvertia fumipennis (Warren), Hornohuinco, Chile, December 1968 (L. E. Peiia). 54. Catophoenissa dibapha dibapha (Felder and Rogenhofer), Dalcahue, Chile, January 17-31, 1962 (L. E. Peiia). All AMNH; bar equals 1 mm. the keys, and the Diagnosis. Its presumed the anellus are 0.7 mm long and needlelike, relationship to Callemo has been discussed and the vesica is unarmed. The female gen- under Remarks for that genus. italia have an elongate ductus bursae, a large membranous corpus bursae, and the signum GUARA, NEW GENUS is a very slender, elongate, transverse strip. Figures 13, 42, 67 ADULTS: Head with eyes of males equal in DIAGNOSIS: The moths of this genus may width to front, eyes of females smaller than be recognized by the elongate palpi, extend- those of males; front flat, barely extending ing 1.0 (males) to 1.5 (females) times the di- beyond eyes, tightly scaled, with elongate ameter of the eye beyond the eyes, by the ventral tuft; palpi of males with second seg- elongate ventral tuft on the front, and by the ment 0.8 mm long, third segment 0.3 mm, absence of the hair pencil on the hind tibia extending distance equal to diameter of eyes of the males. The upper surface of the fore- in front ofeyes in males, 1.5 times in females; wings is gray with very sharply defined, antennae of approximately 54 to 60 seg- prominent cross lines. The male genitalia have ments, simple in both sexes. Thorax slender; a prominently curved uncus, the valves have foretibia of males with epiphysis arising at an elongate, extended costa, the processes of two-thirds length of segment and equal to 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 37 two-fifths its length, of female minutely broadly attached to saccus, not spreading out shorter; hind tibia ofmales without hair pen- laterally, with elongate costa projecting pos- cil. Abdomen slender, extending slightly be- teriorly as far as middle of uncus, medio- yond hind wings; males without row of setae posterior area setose, valvula extending on ventral surface of third segment. slightly more than halflength of costa; trans- Forewings broad, costa weakly curved, apex tilla somewhat triangular, tapered inwardly, attenuate, outer margin with anterior portion with small point of attachment at midline; weakly concave, with slight median angle, processes of anellus very long and slender, margin smooth; with one accessory cell; vein extending posteriorly beyond base of uncus, R1 free, veins R2 and R3+4 from end of cell, tapering, posterior half consisting of several R5 from bottom of cell; mdc and ldc bicon- long thin setae, total length 0.7 mm; anellus vex. Hind wings broad, somewhat triangular, quadrate, elongate, lateral margins thickened outer margin smooth except for small con- to form processes; cristae prominent, arising cavity below apex; Sc paralleling R for three- from linear area on each side, about 40 from fifths length of cell; m and ldc angled. each area, 0.7 to 0.8 mm long, extending to Upper surface of forewings varying shades or beyond middle ofprocesses ofanellus; teg- ofgray or grayish brown, with prominent cross umen subtriangular, about twice as wide as lines; t. a. line arising at two-fifths length of long, anterolateral areas swollen, median fu- costa, going straight to vein Cu, with short sion indistinct; saccus more than three times outward dash on that vein, then concave to as long as tegumen, quadrate, anterior margin inner margin at one-fourth its length; median rounded or truncate; aedeagus 1.4 to 1.5 mm line absent; discal spot black, prominent; t. p. long, 0.15 mm wide, anterior end slightly and s. t. lines arising together near apex, t. p. curved ventrally, posterior end elongate, line curved inwardly, then going almost slender, sclerotized; vesica unarmed. straight across wing to middle of inner mar- FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma membra- gin, line narrowly yellowish or cream, broad- nous, not differentiated except for a few widely ly shaded distally by black; s. t. line bicon- spaced transverse striations medioposterior- cave, with subterminal area slightly darker ly; ductus bursae sclerotized, large, three times than remainder of wing; small, black, intra- longer than maximum width, asymmetrical, venular dots present; fringe concolorous with posterior end swollen, irregularly narrowed wing. Hind wings slightly paler than fore- anteriorly; ductus seminalis arising from ven- wings; without maculation except for obso- tral sac to right ofjunction of ductus bursae lescent, incomplete median line and for com- and corpus bursae; corpus bursae membra- plete row ofspots representing extradiscal line; nous, asymmetrical, ductus bursaejoining on terminal line obsolescent; fringe concolorous right side posteriorly, corpus bursae swollen with wing. Under surface gray in males, gray- to left side ofjunction, ofapproximately equal ish brown in females, with forewings slightly width, anterior end rounded, entire structure darker than hind wings; maculation obsoles- 1.5 times length of apophyses posteriores; cent, with faint s. t. and extradiscal lines signum an elongate, slender, diagonal strip in weakly represented; fringes concolorous with anterior portion of corpus bursae, 0.5 mm wings. long. Papillae anales wide, with anterior at- Length ofForewings: Males, 12 to 15 mm; tachment for apophyses; apophyses poste- females, 14 mm. riores 1.4 mm long, apophyses anteriores 0.6 MALE GENITALIA: Uncus sharply curved, mm. making about 900 angle, base 0.2 mm wide, TYPE SPECIES: Guara rhaphis, new species. sides slightly tapered, with short, very thin DISTRIBUTION: Chile. setae laterally and posterodorsally, apex FLIGHT PERIOD: January and March. pointed; socius very small, located semime- REMARKS: Only the type species is included dially, rounded, with few setae; gnathos with in this genus. sides of posterior portion parallel, then con- Guara is the sole genus to have only the verging to form moderate median projection, apomorphic characters of having cristae and curving ventrally, apex tending to be re- being without spines in the vesica ofthe male curved and with elongate point; valves genitalia, and the signum in the form of a 38 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838 sclerotized strip in the female structures. Ad- in both sexes that extend two-thirds the di- ditional characters are given in the keys and ameter of the eyes beyond the eyes, and by Diagnosis. the absence of the hair pencil on the hind ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is an ar- tibia of the males. The upper surface of the bitrary combination of letters; the gender is forewings is gray with a brown tinge, and is feminine. without definite maculation; the hind wings are a contrasting white. The male genitalia Guara rhaphis, new species have the uncus with a broadened apical area Figures 13, 42, 67 and with some dorsal setae, the processes of the anellus with their inner margins thickly DIAGNOSIS: As given for the genus. setose, and the aedeagus with a collarlike ADULTS: As described for the genus. sclerotized area distally. The female genitalia Length of Forewings: Holotype, 13 mm; have a sclerotized median lamella postvagi- allotype, 14 mm; male paratypes, 12 to 15 nalis, and the large corpus bursae has a large mm. indented signum. MALE GENITALIA: As described for the ge- ADULTS: Head with eyes of both sexes of nus. equal size, narrower than width offront; front FEMALE GENITALIA: As described for the flat, barely extending beyond eyes, tightly genus. scaled, without ventral tuft; palpi ofboth sexes TYPES: Holotype, male, El Chinque, 300 of equal size, second segment 0.5 mm long, m, N of Correntoso, Llanquihue, Chile, Jan- third segment 0.3 mm, extending two-thirds uary 22, 1980 (L. E. Penia); allotype, female, diameter ofeyes in front ofeyes; antennae of La Caba-na, 550 m, coast range, Cautin, Chile, approximately 63 segments, simple in both March 27, 1955 (L. E. Pefia). The genitalia sexes. Thorax slender; foretibia ofmales with of the holotype are mounted on slide FHR epiphysis arising at slightly more than half 19,087, and ofthe allotype on FHR 13,243A; length ofsegment and being slightly less than one antenna and a set of legs of the allotype half its length, of females arising at three- are on FHR 13,243B. Paratypes: same data fifths length and being two-fifths length of as holotype but dated January 20-25, 1980, segment; hind tibia ofmales with hair pencil. one male; Cord[illera] de Piuchue, Chiloe, Abdomen slender, extending slightly beyond Chile, March 1981 (L. E. Pefia), one male. (males) or not quite attaining (females) hind The holotype, allotype, and paratypes are margin of hind wings; males without row of in the collection of the AMNH. setae on ventral surface of third segment. DISTRIBUTION: The coastal area of central Forewings broad, apex pointed, outer mar- and southern Chile. gin slightly rounded, smooth; with one poorly FLIGHT PERIOD: January and March. defined cell, having very short vertical vein REMARKS: Four specimens (three males, one delimiting it; vein R, free, R2 from top or female), two male and one female genitalic end ofcell, R3+4 from middle ofvertical vein slides, and one slide mount of each sex for at end of cell, R5 from bottom or end of cell; the antennae and legs have been studied. mdc and ldc biconvex, joining M3 near its The three specimens from Cautin and origin. Hind wings broad, rounded, outer Llanquihue are smaller and paler than the margin smooth; Sc paralleling R for about single example from Chiloe. This species is three-fifths length ofcell; m and ldc rounded. very distinctly marked and, as a result, is one Upper surface offorewings gray, with large of the easiest of the Lithinini to recognize. diffuse area of brown or reddish brown oc- ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is from the cupying most of middle of wing; without Greek rhaphis, needle, in reference to the maculation except for scattered, minute dark shape of the processes of the anellus. striations and a slightly darkened area basad ofmiddle ofcosta; terminal line absent; fringe SIOPLA, NEW GENUS concolorous with wings. Hind wings white, Figures 14, 43, 68 becoming faintly reddish brown distally; DIAGNOSIS: The moths of this genus may without maculation; fringe concolorous with be recognized by short palpi of equal length wing. Under surface of forewings gray or 1 986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 39 faintly brownish gray, with apical area paler seminalis arising from elongate, ventral, and having scattered dark scales; without transverse sac at posterior end ofcorpus bur- maculation except for dark gray discal spots; sae, sac extending to right side beyond corpus hind wings white, with scattered brown scales; by width ofcorpus bursae; corpus bursae with maculation absent except for small discal dots; slender, lightly sclerotized posterior portion fringes concolorous on all wings. having longitudinal striations, larger anterior Length ofForewings: Males, 14 to 17 mm; portion membranous, swollen, ovate, entire females, 16 to 17 mm. structure twice as long as apophyses poste- MALE GENITALIA: Uncus curved, 0.7 mm riores; signum large, prominent, located on long, with base 0.5 mm wide, relatively broad, right side of corpus bursae, circular opening simple, with slight median constriction, api- in granulate area of wall of corpus, invagi- cal portion triangular, terminating in short nated, asymmetrical, tapered, margin weakly transverse ridge, laterally and dorsally with dentate. Papillae anales short, rounded, with sparse, very slender setae; socius shortly dig- anterior attachment for apophyses; apophy- itate, each with about 20 setae; gnathos ses posteriores 1.2 mm long, apophyses an- V-shaped, sides with dorsal regions wide, teriores 0.5 mm in length. weakly sclerotized, becoming thinner and TYPE SPECIES: Siopla derance, new species. more heavily sclerotized ventrally, apical DISTRIBUTION: Chile. portion slender, curved ventrally, terminat- FLIGHT PERIOD: December. ing in point; valves simple, extending pos- REMARKS: Only the type species is included teriorly beyond middle of uncus; transtilla in this genus. The genus can be recognized with each lateral piece subtriangular, poste- by the unique combination of apomorphic rior margin evenly curved, with moderate characters given in the tables for the adults point ofattachment on midline; processes of and genitalia of both sexes. anellus broad, curved, basal portion round, ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is an ar- arising ventrolaterally, then sharply curved bitrary combination of letters; the gender is posterolaterally, and becoming flattened, ex- feminine. tending beyond apical region ofgnathos, posterodorsal surface densely setose, distal margin transverse, with thicker setae, 0.6 mm Siopla derance, new species long, circular basal portion 0.2 mm wide; Figures 14, 43, 68 anellus bifurcate, divergent posteriorly, me- DIAGNOSIS: As given for the genus. dially more heavily sclerotized than laterally, ADULTS: As described for the genus. 0.4 mm long to origin of processes; cristae Length of Forewings: Holotype, 16 mm; arising from subtriangular area, very slender, allotype, 17 mm; male paratypes, 14 to 17 about 25 on each side, 0.5 mm long; tegumen mm, female paratype, 16 mm. broad, with moderate anteromedian fusion; MALE GENITALIA: As described for the saccus slightly longer than tegumen, weakly species. tapered anteriorly, anterior end broadly FEMALE GENITALIA: As described for the rounded; aedeagus 1.4 mm long, 0.2 mm species. wide, slightly curved and irregular in shape, TYPES: Holotype, male, Las Trancas, Nu- posterior end narrowed, with larger sclero- ble, Chile, December 1-1 5, 1976 (L. E. Pefna); tized ring and less heavily sclerotized apical allotype, female, La Invemada, in mountains point; vesica with small group ofvery slender in Chillan area, Nuble, Chile, December 1973 spines posteriad of small irregularly trian- (L. E. Penia). The genitalia ofthe holotype are gular sclerotized piece anteriorly. mounted on slide FHR 19,162A, and one FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma weakly scler- antenna and set of legs on FHR 13,1 62B; of otized, lamella antevaginalis a weakly de- the allotype on slide FHR 19,227A, and one fined broad band, lamella postvaginalis with antenna and two legs on FHR 1 9,227B. Para- median area slightly more heavily sclero- types: Las Trancas, Nuble, Chile, December tized, elliptical, finely granular; ductus bursae 1-15, 1975 (L. E. Pejna), 1 1 males, 1 female. with lateral areas appearing more heavily The holotype, allotype, and paratypes are sclerotized than median area, square; ductus in the collection of the AMNH. 40 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Nuble, as long; hind tibia of males with hair pencil. Chile. Abdomen slender, extending slightly beyond FLIGHT PERIOD: December. (males) or not quite attaining (females) hind REMARKS: Fourteen specimens (12 males, margin of hind wings; males with row of se- 2 females), one male and one female genitalic tae on ventral surface of third segment. preparations, and one slide mount of each Forewings broad, apex pointed, outer mar- sex for the antennae and legs have been stud- gin rounded or weakly angulate, smooth; ied. without accessory cell; vein R1 variable, either There appears to be very little individual free, going to Rs, or stalked with R2, R2 stalked variation in the color and maculation of the or free, R314 stalked, R5 from R3+4; mdc and wings in the type series. The adults are rec- ldc rounded or weakly biconvex. Hind wings ognized without difficulty by their unique broad, rounded; Sc paralleling R for about coloration and lack of a definite pattern. three-fifths length of cell; m and ldc flatly ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is from the rounded. Greek derance, collar, in reference to the con- Upper surface offorewings white orgrayish figuration of the aedeagus. white, with variable amount of brown or grayish brown scaling; maculation consisting NUCARA, NEW GENUS of large brown or dark grayish brown area Figures 15, 44, 69 near middle of costa, subtriangular or quadrangular, sometimes with lower part pinched DIAGNOSIS: The species of this genus may offand left as circular spot; with faintly dark- be recognized by the weakly serrate male an- ened area on costa before apex and, in some tennae and simple female antennae. The up- specimens, along outer margin; s. t. line ob- per surface of the forewings is white or gray- solescent or absent; terminal line of intrave- ish white, with a large brown or grayish brown nular spots; fringe gray or concolorous with area near the middle of the costa; the hind wings. Hind wings white, with some gray or wings are paler and contrasting in color. The brown scales; without maculation except for male genitalia have a sharply curved uncus, one or two small dark spots on costa before a V-shaped gnathos with a prominent lon- apex; terminal line either absent or weakly gitudinal ridge, and the surfaces of the pro- represented; fringe as on forewings. Under cesses of the anellus are setose. The female surface whitish to faintly brownish white, with genitalia have a small ductus bursae, with its hind wings slightly paler and with scattered width equal to its length, a large corpus bur- dark scales; forewings with maculation ofup- sae with the short posterior portion longitu- per surface faintly reflected; hind wings with dinally striate, and with a small, rounded, small discal spot and obsolescent extradiscal invaginated signum having the outer margin line; terminal lines and fringes similar to those rayed. of upper surface. ADULTS: Head with eyes of males equal in Length ofForewings: Males, 11 to 14 mm; width to front, of females smaller than those females, 12 to 13 mm. of males; front flat, barely extending beyond MALE GENITALIA: Uncus sharply curved, eyes, tightly scaled, without ventral tuft; palpi forming almost 900 angle, with base 0.35 mm of both sexes of equal size, second segment wide, tapering from base to about middle, 0.5 mm long, third segment 0.2 to 0.3 mm, distal portion with parallel sides, apex with extending three-fourths diameter of eyes in small transverse ridge; socius digitate, 0.2 mm front of eyes in males, slightly less than to long, each with about 25 setae; gnathos equal to diameter of smaller eyes of females; V-shaped but with anterior margin rounded, tongue normal or reduced; antennae of ap- sides broad, uniting medially to form raised, proximately 50 to 54 segments, weakly ser- elongate, very weakly dentate ridge; valves rate in males, simple in females. Thorax slen- simple, elongate, extending posteriorly at least der; foretibia of males with epiphysis arising as far as distal portion ofcurved uncus; trans- slightly beyond middle of segment and being tilla with each lateral piece having anterior two-fifths length, of females arising at three- lobe, elongate, with small point of attach- fifths length of segment and being two-fifths ment medially; processes ofanellus recurved, 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 41 arising ventrally for short distance, then than five specimens, and for one no males sharply curved posteriorly, tapering in width are known to me. From what can be deter- posteriorly, entire surface with numerous mined from this material, the species are in- elongate, slender setae, 0.40 to 0.65 mm long; clined to be very variable in maculation; we anellus in form oftwo lateral sclerotized pieces cannot be absolutely certain about the vari- extending to base of each process, diverging ability of the genitalia because of the lack of posteriorly; cristae arising from linear or specimens. rounded area on each side and 20 to 30 in The males of this genus have serrate an- number, 0.6 to 0.8 mm long; tegumen elon- tennae, an apomorphic state that is shared gate, with short anteromedian fusion; saccus with Lacaria. The members of the latter ge- broader than tegumen posteriorly, only nus have the additional apomorphic char- slightly longer than tegumen, tapering ante- acters ofhaving the male genitalia with distal riorly, and with median indentation; aede- end ofthe costa swollen or projecting and, in agus 1.4 to 1.6 mm long, 0.2 to 0.3 mm wide, the female structures, having a median at- straight, posterior portion with constriction, tachment ofthe apophyses posteriores to the distal part an elongate oval, sclerotized lat- papillae anales. The species of Nucara are erally, terminating in elongate point; vesica structurally similar to those of Acauro and with area of 15 to 30 elongate slender spines, Yapoma but may be separated from them by diagonally or longitudinally situated, 0.3 to the form of the male antennae and by the 0.6 mm long, at least partially deciduous. apomorphic characters of the male genitalia; FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with mem- the color and pattern of the upper surface of branous lamella antevaginalis, lamella post- the wings will also serve to separate these vaginalis sclerotized, fused with sides of ab- groups. dominal segment 8, with a few vertical ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is an ar- striations, slightly differentiated medially, in bitrary combination of letters; the gender is form ofincomplete lobe; ductus bursae small, feminine. lateral areas appearing more heavily sclerotized than median area, asymmetrical, left side longer than right; ductus seminalis aris- Nucara recurva, new species ing from ventral, transverse lobe at posterior Figures 15, 44, 69 end of corpus bursae, appearing as contin- DIAGNOSIS: As given for the genus. uation of corpus and extending beyond right ADULTS: Thorax with foretibia ofmale with side ofthat structure; corpus bursae with nar- epiphysis arising slightly beyond middle of rowed posterior portion, weakly sclerotized, segment and being two-fifths its length, of with numerous, deep longitudinal striations, females arising at three-fifths and being two- anterior portion swollen, membranous, ellip- fifths its length. tical or oval, entire structure two to three Upper surface of forewings grayish white, times longer than apophyses posteriores; sig- with variable amount ofbrown scaling; mac- num in granular area on right side of corpus, ulation consisting of prominent brown sub- small and round on surface, invaginated and triangular area near middle ofcosta, posterior enlarged, especially anteriorly, outer margin portion either constricted or with separate weakly dentate. Papillae anales elongate, with small circular spot; costa with either dark- median attachment for apophyses; apophy- ened area near apex (male) or with this ob- ses posteriores 1.0 to 1.1 mm long, apophyses solescent (females). Hind wings white, with anteriores 0.5 to 0.6 mm. two minute dots on costa before apex. Under TYPE SPECIES: Nucara recurva, new species. surface with forewings faintly brownish white, DISTRIBUTION: Central and southern Chile. hind wings slightly paler and with scattered FLIGHT PERIOD: September, October, No- dark scales; forewings with maculation ofup- vember, and December. per surface faintly reflected; hind wings with REMARKS: Due to the lack ofadequate ma- small discal spot and obsolescent or incom- terial, it is not certain how many species are plete extradiscal line. represented in this genus. It is possible that Length of Forewings: Holotype, 11 mm; there are four; none is represented by more allotype, 13 mm; paratype, female, 13 mm. 42 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

MALE GENITALIA: Processes of anellus re- of the ductus bursae, and have the largest curved, elongate, slender, tapering, 0.65 mm signum. long, extending to central portion ofgnathos; ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is from the cristae arising from linear area on each side, Latin recurvus, recurved, in reference to this approximately 20 per side, 0.6 mm long; ae- characteristic of the processes of the anellus. deagus 1.4 mm long, 0.3 mm wide; vesica with flattened, rounded, longitudinal area of GENUS LACARIA ORFILA AND SCHAJOVSKOY approximately 30 slender spines, 0.3 mm in Figures 16, 17, 45, 70 length. FEMALE GENITALIA: Ductus bursae with Lacaria Orfila and Schajovskoy, 1959, p. 198. posterior portion lightly sclerotized, con- DIAGNOSIS: The species of this genus may necting lateral margins, with length of struc- be recognized by the antennae being serrate ture about equal to its width; corpus bursae in males and simple in females; the proboscis with elliptical anterior portion; signum very may be either normal or reduced. The upper small on surface of corpus, invaginated por- surface of the forewings is variably gray or tion noticeably larger, especially anteriorly. brown, with the maculation usually being Apophyses posteriores 1.1 mm long, apoph- weakly represented; the hind wings are con- yses anteriores 0.5 mm. trastingly white, with a variable number of TYPES: Holotype, male, and allotype, fe- gray or brown scales, and have obsolescent male, Fundo Malcho, in mountains ofParral maculation. The male genitalia have a sharp- area, Linares, Chile, November 11-20, 1964 ly curved uncus, the valves have a short api- (L. E. Pefna). The genitalia ofthe holotype are cal costal extension, and the variably shaped mounted on slide FHR 19,258A, and one processes ofthe anellus have either setose or antenna and set of legs on FHR 19,258B; of spinose surfaces, or both. The female geni- the allotype on slide FHR 19,460A, and one talia have heavily sclerotized lamellae, a large antenna and set of legs on FHR 19,460B. broad corpus bursae, and a prominent, in- Paratype: El Coigo, in Andes, Cord[illera] vaginated, asymmetrical signum. Curico, Curico, Chile, September 1959 (L. E. ADULTS: Head with eyes of males not as Pefia), one female. wide as width of front, of females slightly The holotype, allotype, and paratype are smaller than those ofmales; front flat, barely in the collection of the AMNH. extending beyond eyes, tightly scaled, with- DISTRIBUTION: Mountainous areas of Li- out ventral tuft; palpi of males with second nares and Curico, Chile. segment 0.4 to 0.5 mm long, third segment FLIGHT PERIOD: September and Novem- 0.2 to 0.3 mm, extending from one-fourth to ber. one-half diameter of eyes in front of eyes in REMARKS: Three specimens (one male, two males, one-third to three-fourths times the females), three genitalic slide mounts and diameter in females; tongue normal or re- three ofantennae and legs have been studied. duced; antennae of approximately 45 to 59 The holotype is rather worn, but the male segments, serrate in males, simple in females. genitalia are more distinctive than those of Thorax slender; foretibia of males with the females. In maculation, the allotype has epiphysis arising between three-fifths and two- the dark subtriangular area of the forewings thirds length ofsegment and being from two- complete, the paratype has the anterior por- fifths to one-half its length, of females three- tion sharply constricted, and the holotype has fifths to seven-tenths length and one-third to a small spot separate from the triangular area. two-fifths length of segment; hind tibia of In maculation, the members ofthis species males with or without hair pencil. Abdomen have the most clearly defined and contrasting slender, extending only to (males) or not quite maculation of the genus, the male genitalia attaining (females) hind margin ofhind wings; have the longest processes of the anellus (al- males either with deciduous row of setae on though the male of one species is unknown ventral surface of third segment or without to me), and the female genitalia are the only it. ones with the posteriorly sclerotized portion Forewings broad, outer margin rounded, 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 43 smooth; without accessory cell; veins R1 and anellus either V-shaped or roughly triangular; R2 free, R314 stalked, R5 from R3+4; mdc and cristae arising from linear area, with from ldc rounded, angled, or weakly biconvex. about 7 to 15 very slender setae on each side, Hind wings broad, outer margin weakly an- 0.4 to 0.6 mm long; tegumen short, antero- gled, smooth; Sc paralleling R for one-halfto lateral portions rounded, with short antero- three-fifths length ofcell; m and ldc rounded median fusion; saccus elongate, at least twice or angled. as long as tegumen, gently tapered, anterior Upper surface of forewings variably gray margin rounded; aedeagus 1.2 to 1.7 mm long, or brown; cross lines usually weakly repre- 0.2 to 0.3 mm wide, both ends curving ven- sented; t. a. line angulate or dentate; median trally, median portion tending to be swollen, area slightly darker than adjacent wing areas, posterior end sclerotized, either bluntly without median shade line; discal spot tend- pointed or attenuate and more sharply pointing to be prominent, rounded or angulate, ed; vesica with variable number ofdeciduous ranging from black to orange; t. p. line irreg- setae medially, 0.3 to 0.7 mm long, their bas- ular, often protruding on veins M3 and Cul; es apparently associated with twisted, scler- s. t. line obsolescent, often indicated by dark- otized plate, some species with second group er terminal area of wing; terminal line black, of short spines apically. interrupted by veins; fringe concolorous with FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with promi- wings. Hind wings white, with variable num- nent, sclerotized lamella antevaginalis, ber ofgray scales, contrasting with forewings; U-shaped, raised, connected to sclerotized, with weakly represented discal spot and par- concave, lateral margins or U-shaped pos- tial extradiscal line; terminal line and fringe terior end of abdominal segment 7, lamella similar to those of forewings. Under surface postvaginalis attached laterally to lamella offorewings gray or grayish brown, often with antevaginalis, sclerotized, sides flat, slender, small discal dot, partial t. p. line, and dark medially variably narrowed; ductus bursae subapical spot on costa; hind wings grayish sclerotized, slightly longer than wide or white, with scattered dark gray or brown square, sides somewhat tapered, ventropos- scales, and having large discal spot and ex- terior margin with median concavity, later- tradiscal line; terminal line and fringes sim- ally flared; ductus seminalis arising from small ilar to those of upper surface. ventral sac at posterior end ofcorpus bursae; Length ofForewings: Males, 13 to 17 mm; corpus bursae asymmetrical, short posterior females, 12 to 16 mm. end relatively slender, sclerotized, with vari- MALE GENITALIA: Uncus curved, forming able number oflongitudinal striations, slight- approximately 900 angle, with base 0.3 to 0.4 ly swollen on right side anteriorly, large an- mm wide, slender, simple, sides parallel, with terior portion ofcorpus bursae membranous, either rounded or laterally flattened posterior ovate or elliptical, entire structure about two portion, apex with minute transverse ridge; to three times longer than apophyses poste- socius small, weakly defined, each side with riores; signum on left side of corpus bursae from 5 to 20 setae; gnathos large, heavily prominent, asymmetrical, anterior lip pro- sclerotized, V-shaped, apical portion atten- truding from finely granulate wall of corpus, uate, recurved, apex either a short, blunt point inner surface flat, anterior portion enlarged or sharply pointed and with small spines on and with prominent rays. Papillae anales short posteroventral ridge; valves with heavily to moderately long, with anteromedian at- sclerotized costa, its apex either flattened and tachment for apophyses; apophyses poste- diagonal or curved, in some species extending riores 1.0 to 1.4 mm long, apophyses ante- slightly beyond valve, valvula simple, sac- riores 0.1 to 0.3 mm. culus widened, weakly sclerotized; transtilla TYPE SPECIES: Lacaria araucanaria Orfila slender, with small point of attachment on and Schajovskoy; by original designation. midline; processes of anellus variable, either DISTRIBUTION: Central Chile and adjacent slender and curved or more heavily sclero- Argentina. tized, straight, widened posteriorly, surface FLIGHT PERIOD: September into January, with setae and/or spines, 0.3 to 0.9 mm long; April, and May. The last two months are for 44 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

specimens caught in low coastal areas; they Assuming that the descriptions and figures should be verified. by Orfila and Schajovskoy (op. cit.) are based REMARKS: The males of this genus have on their holotypes, Sperry's type series of serrate antennae, an apomorphic character schajovskoyi included specimens of monrosi shared with Nucara; see Remarks under the (=schajovskoyi Sperry), schajovskoyi (=orfi- latter genus (above) for means ofdistinguish- lai, new species), and araucanaria Orfila and ing the two genera. Lacaria can also be rec- Schajovskoy; in addition, there are two species ognized by the characters given in the tables, that have not been assigned specific names. keys, and the Diagnosis. When material from Chile is examined and Five species, all described as new to sci- dissected, another five or six species are added ence, were placed in Lacaria by Orfila and to the genus; all are apparently undescribed. Schajovskoy (1959) when they described the The only species common to both Argentina genus; all were from Parque Nacional Lanin, and Chile is picuncharia Orfila and Schajov- Neuquen, Argentina. These were in addition skoy (although I have not studied any ma- to Casbia schajovskoyi Sperry (1954), de- terial from the former country). It is obvious scribed from Lago Nonthue in the same na- that much more material is needed in this tional park, which were collected by Scha- genus, and more study is required before the jovskoy. The species in this genus are very taxonomy can be settled. similar to one another in color, maculation, and size; the genitalia have to be studied to GENUS FRANCISCOIA be certain of identifications. The type series ORFILA AND SCHAJOVSKOY of schajovskoyi is in the AMNH, including Figures 18, 46, 71 the holotype, allotype, and 28 paratypes (14 males, 14 females); this series apparently rep- Franciscoia Orfila and Schajovskoy, 1963, p. 3. resents five different species. DIAGNOSIS: The moths of this genus may Orfila and Schajovskoy (op. cit.) misiden- be recognized by the small metathoracic tufts, tified Sperry's species and redescribed it as by the long scaled front having a ventral tuft, monrosi; the latter name is hereby placed as and by the short palpi. The upper surface of a synonym of schajovskoyi. This leaves the the forewings is brown, and has three prom- species misidentified as Lacaria schajovskoyi inent, dark cross lines; the hind wings are a by Orfila and Schajovskoy (1959, p. 200, figs. contrasting white, without maculation. The 1 [venation], 2-5 [male and female genitalia], male genitalia have an elongate gnathos, equal pl. 1, figs. 1, 2 [adults]) without a name. I in length to the length ofthe uncus, the cristae hereby name this moth Lacaria orfilai, new are very numerous and elongate, and the very species. The holotype, male, is from L[ago] long, slender processes ofthe anellus are lon- Nonthue, Neuquen, Argentina, October 12, ger than the uncus. The female genitalia have 1952 (S. Schajovskoy); the allotype, female, a median attachment of the apophyses pos- is from the same locality but is dated October teriores to the papillae anales, the ductus bur- 27, 1952. The genitalia of the holotype are sae is twice as long as wide and is dorsoven- mounted on slide FHR 19,092A, with one trally flattened, and the very long and slender antenna and a set of legs on slide FHR corpus bursae has a small anterior signum. 19,092B; of the allotype on slide FHR ADULTS: Head with eyes of males not as 19,187A, with one antenna and a set of legs wide as width of front, of females slightly on slide FHR 19,187B. Paratypes: same data smaller than those ofmales; front flat, barely and collector as the holotype, dated October extending beyond eyes, long scaled, with ven- 7, 8, 1951, November 28, 1951, December tral tuft; palpi of males with second segment 1, 1951, September 11, 12, 13, 1952, October 0.5 mm long, third segment 0.1 mm, extend- 12,17, 19J2, five males, five females. All the ing one-half diameter of eyes in front of eyes above specimens are labeled as paratypes of in males, two-thirds times the diameter in Casbia schachovskoyi [sic] Sperry (the spell- females; antennae of approximately 53 to 59 ing ofthe specific name was emended to scha- segments, simple in both sexes. Thorax slen- jovskoyi by Orfila and Schajovskoy, 1959, p. der, with small metathoracic tufts posterior- 200); they are in the collection ofthe AMNH. ly; foretibia ofboth sexes with epiphysis aris- 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 45 ing at three-fifths length ofsegment and being tized, very long- 1.0 to 1.1 mm, extending about two-fifths its length, with females being beyond transtilla, each base widened, rodlike slightly shorter than those ofmales; hind tibia for almost entire length, apically flattened and of males without hair pencil. Abdomen rel- with diagonal apex; anellus very short, wider atively slender, extending only to (males) or than long; cristae very slender, 1.25 to 1.50 not quite attaining (females) hind margin of mm long, extending posteriorly to between hind wings; males without row of setae on middle of gnathos and base of uncus, arising ventral surface of third segment. from linear strip, approximately 75 in total Forewings broad, apex pointed, outer mar- number; tegumen with sloping sides, very gin angled, scalloped; without accessory cell; short anteromedian fusion; saccus less than vein RI to Rs, R2 free, R3+4 stalked, R. from twice as long as tegumen, broad posteriorly, R314; mdc and ldc rounded or weakly bicon- narrowing anteriorly, with anterior half hav- vex. Hind wings broad, outer margin weakly ing parallel sides, anterior margin concave angled, concave below apex; Sc paralleling R dorsally, W-shaped ventrally; aedeagus 1.9 for one-half length of cell; m and ldc angled. mm long, 0.15 mm wide, slightly S-shaped, Upper surface offorewings reddish to gray- posterior end lightly sclerotized, slightly ish brown, with three prominent dark cross rounded medially; vesica with single large lines; basal line obsolescent, straight; t. a. line spine, 0.6 mm long, posteriorly and apically evenly curved; median area concolorous with with minute spines. remainder ofwing, having rather diffuse me- FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma membra- dian line, varying from being straight to nous, with transverse striations medially pos- slightly curved; discal dot small, dark; t. p. teriad of ductus bursae; ductus bursae scler- line straight or weakly curved, shaded distally otized, very flat, slightly undulating, twice as with a slender cream-colored band; subter- long as wide, posterior margins flared, sides minal area with faint indication of s. t. line, parallel, anteriorly joined to ventral portion being indicated primarily by slight change in of corpus bursae; ductus seminalis arising color ofarea; terminal line absent; fringe dark from right side ofposterior portion ofcorpus gray. Hind wings white or with very faint bursae dorsad of ductus bursae; corpus bur- brownish tinge; maculation absent or with sae very long, four times as long as apophyses faint discal dot and trace of extradiscal line; posteriores, slender, membranous except for terminal line absent; fringe variable, gray or weakly sclerotized dorsal portion medially, concolorous with wing. Under surface of all anterior end slightly enlarged, ovate; signum wings reddish brown; maculation of upper small, near end of ovate portion of corpus surface weakly reflected, being stronger on bursae, round, recessed, with a few small rays. hind wings than on forewings; terminal line Papillae anales moderately long, with median absent; fringes similar to those of upper sur- attachment for apophyses; apophyses poste- face. riores 0.9 mm long, apophyses anteriores 0.5 Length ofForewings: Males, 12 to 14 mm; mm. females, 13 to 15 mm. TYPE SPECIES: Franciscoia morenoi Orfila MALE GENITALIA: Uncus strongly curved, and Schajovskoy, 1963, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 4 (ve- with base 0.4 mm wide, slender, slightly ta- nation), pl. 2, figs. 3 (male genitalia), 5 (ae- pered, dorsal surface with numerous, very deagus), 8 (female genitalia); by original des- slender setae, apex with sharp point; socius ignation. small, with about 10 setae on each side; gna- DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Neuquen) and thos V-shaped, sides slender, apical portion Chile (Curico, Linares, Nuble, Talca, and curved ventrally, with numerous short thick Valdivia). spines, apex rounded; valves simple, elon- FLIGHT PERIOD: From September into Jan- gate, extending posteriorly as far as end of uary, and March. uncus, costa weakly sclerotized, enlarged in REMARKS: Only the type species is placed basal half; transtilla with each lateral piece in this genus. swollen, sclerotized around outside, giving Orfila and Schajovskoy, in their Diagnosis appearance of a flattened circle, rodlike me- for Franciscoia, state that this genus is related dially; processes of anellus slender, sclero- to Proteopharmacis (placed as a synonym of 46 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

Odontothera in the present paper) and may sexes; males with deciduous row of setae on be distinguished from the latter by the co- ventral surface of third segment. alescence ofveins Sc and R, in the forewings. Forewings broad, apex pointed, outer mar- This venational character is present in three gin concave to strong projection at vein M3, ofthe six species that I am including in Odon- lower portion oblique, entire margin smooth; tothera; further, the venation is so variable without accessory cell; veins R1 and R2 free, in so many of the Ennominae that I would R314 stalked, R5 from R3+4; mdc and ldc bi- hesitate to use it for a diagnostic character. convex. Hind wings broad, outer margin There are a number of apomorphic charac- weakly angled, concave below apex; Sc par- ters that distinguish Franciscoia; these are alleling R for halfor slightly more than length given in the tables. Additional distinguishing of cell; m and ldc rounded. characters are to be found in the keys and in Upper surface of forewings brown or gray- the Diagnosis. No other species in the tribe ish brown, some specimens variably suffused has the wing shape, color, and maculation of with dull yellow, with maculation weak to morenoi. obsolescent; t. a. line varying from curved to angulate or dentate; median shade line ab- ACAURO, NEW GENUS sent; discal dot present, small; t. p. line out- Figures, 19, 47, 72 wardly angled from costa, then generally DIAGNOSIS: The species of this genus may curved and dentate to above inner margin, be recognized by the form of the gnathos, with outwardly projecting swelling above with its prominent inverted U at the midline, margin; subterminal area either concolorous and by having the lateral margins of the U with remainder ofwing or with basal portion with numerous, thick, heavily sclerotized variably suffused with yellow or reddish spines. The moths are relatively large, with brown scales; s. t. line varying from obsoles- the forewing length 14 to 18 mm; the fore- cent to completely represented, in form of wings have a prominently angled outer mar- triangular white intravenular spots; terminal gin. Characters of the male genitalia, in ad- line absent; fringe concolorous with wing. dition to the gnathos, are that the uncus is Hind wings contrastingly whitish, with a few sharply curved and the processes ofthe anel- scattered gray scales; maculation absent or lus are setose and have a spinose apex. The obsolescent; terminal line and fringe similar female genitalia have a long, slender, longi- to those of forewings. Under surface of fore- tudinally striate, sclerotized portion of the wings gray or grayish brown, becoming corpus bursae extending into the much small- browner distally, with or without distinct t. p. er anterior portion; the latter has a small and and s. t. lines; hind wings pale grayish brown, prominent invaginated signum. suffused with dark brown scales, with prom- ADULTS: Head with eyes of males as wide inent discal spot, partial to complete extra- as width of front, of females narrower than discal line and with partial s. t. line; terminal front; front flat, barely extending beyond eyes, lines absent; fringes either concolorous with tightly scaled, without ventral tuft; palpi of wings or with dark venular spots. males with second segment 0.3 to 0.4 mm Length ofForewings: Males, 14 to 18 mm; long, third segment 0.2 mm, extending be- females, 16 to 18 mm. tween one-fourth and one-half diameter of MALE GENITALIA: Uncus sharply curved, eyes in front of eyes in males, two-fifths to forming about 90° angle, with base 0.5 mm one-half times the diameter in females; an- wide, slender, simple, either weakly con- tennae of approximately 55 to 59 segments, stricted posteriad ofbase or slightly tapered, simple in both sexes. Thorax slender; fore- with short ridge medially on inner surface, tibia ofmales with epiphysis arising at three- leading to pointed apex; socius shortly digi- fifths length of segment and being almost tate, with about 10 to 12 setae on each one; two-fifths its length, offemales arising at two- gnathos with wide lateral sides parallel pos- thirds length and being one-third length of teriorly, rounded medially, broad, with segment; hind tibia ofmales with hair pencil. prominent inverted U at midline extending Abdomen relatively slender, extending to to posterior margin of gnathos, lateral mar- about hind margin of hind wings in both gins ofU with numerous, thick, heavily scler- 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 47

I I 57'

I 58 I FIGS. 55-60. Female genitalia. 55. Philedia punctomacularia (Hulst), Wellington, British Columbia, September 4, 1949 (R. Guppy). 56. Petrophora divisata Hiibner, Ocean Co., New Jersey, May 10, 1942 (O. Buchholz). 57. Tacparia zalissaria Walker, Lakehurst, New Jersey, June 21-30 (F. Lemmer). 58. Tacparia atropunctata (Packard), East Wareham, Massachusetts, July 1, 1968 (C. Kimball). 59. Gueneria basiaria Walker, nr. Beartown, Vermont, June 4, 1951 (F. H. Rindge). 60. Homochlodes disconventa (Walker), Mt. Lake Biological Station, Virginia, July 16, 1956 (R. Zweifel). All AMNH; bar equals 1 mm. otized spines; valves simple, broad, extend- U-shaped piece; cristae slender, elongate, 1.0 ing posteriorly to about middle of uncus; to 1.2 mm in length, extending to gnathos, transtilla with anterior margin angled, quad- arising from elongate ellipse, approximately rate or elongate, posterior margin either con- 15 to 40 on each side; tegumen elongate, with cave medially or rounded, both with short short anteromedian fusion; saccus equal to point of attachment on midline; processes of or slightly longer than tegumen, tapered, an- anellus variable, either short, very broad, with terior margin truncate or rounded; aedeagus length about equal to width, surface with nu- 2.2 to 2.3 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, straight merous short setae and with posterior margin or slightly curved, posterior end weakly scler- broadly rounded and thickly spinose, or long otized, bluntly pointed; vesica with spines for and slender, extending to gnathos, 1.2 mm three-fourths length of aedeagus, either an in length, apical portion with many flat, ap- anterior cluster and several very long slender pressed, triangular setae; anellus variable, spines, or one long thick anterior spine and either two long, lateral, concave, divergent group of 12 to 15 shorter posterior ones. sclerotized bands, or short, mostly vertical FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma membra- 48 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838 nous, with or without finely spiculate area on ADULTS: As described for the genus; upper each side of ostium bursae; ductus bursae surface offorewings brown or grayish brown, either short, with lateral areas appearing more without yellow suffusion. heavily sclerotized than median area, or elon- Length of Forewings: Holotype, 18 mm; gate, about twice as long as wide, very flat, allotype, 18 mm; male paratypes, 15 to 18 undulating, both types tapering anteriorly; mm, female paratypes, 17 to 18 mm. ductus seminalis arising from ventral sac at MALE GENITALIA: Uncus slightly tapered; posterior end ofcorpus bursae; corpus bursae processes of anellus short, very broad, with with slender, sclerotized, longitudinally striate length about equal to width, surface with nu- posterior portion joining anterior portion in merous short setae and with posterior margin spreading, shortly recurved area, anterior broadly rounded and thickly spinose; anellus portion more or less ovate, shorter than pos- a pair of long, lateral, concave, divergent terior portion, either membranous or with sclerotized bands, 0.4 mm long; cristae aris- ventral surface sclerotized and longitudinally ing from rounded area, approximately 40 on striate, entire structure 2.0 to 2.5 times longer each side, 1.0 mm in length; vesica with sin- than apophyses posteriores; signum absent in gle group of slender spines, approximately sclerotized corpus bursae, present in mem- eight in number, plus anterior cluster ofmuch branous anterior portion, set in granular area, shorter spines. large, subtriangular, invaginated, inner sur- FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with finely face and rim with rays. Papillae anales elon- spiculate area on each side of ostium bursae; gate, slender, with anterior attachment for ductus bursae short, with length about equal apophyses; apophyses posteriores 1.4 mm to width, lateral areas appearing more heavily long, apophyses anteriores 0.5 to 0.7 mm in sclerotized than median area; corpus bursae length. with membranous anterior portion; signum TYPE SPECIES: Acauro rotundus, new set in granular area, large, subtriangular, in- species. vaginated, inner surface and rim with rays. DISTRIBUTION: Central and southern Chile. Apophyses anteriores 0.7 mm long. FLIGHT PERIOD: August, December, and TYPES: Holotype, male, Aguas Calientes, January. 500 m, Puyehue, Osorno, Chile, December REMARKS: Two species are included in this 17-20, 1981 (L. E. Peiia); allotype, female, genus. They may be recognized, from the male same data but December 12-17, 1981. The genitalia, by the autapomorphic shape of the genitalia ofthe holotype are mounted on slide gnathos, as described in the keys, Diagnosis, FHR 19,192A, with one antenna and four and description; additional apomorphic legs on FHR 19,192B; the genitalia of the characters are given in the tables. The two allotype are on slide FHR 19,247A, with one included species are quite similar to each oth- antenna and set of legs on FHR 19,247B. er in color and maculation, but the processes Paratypes, all from Chile, and collected by L. of the anellus and the corpus bursae of the E. Peina: same data as holotype, dated De- two are very different; I have placed them in cember 12-17, 17-20, 12-20, 1981, January the same genus primarily on the basis of the 1-5, 2-6, 1982, 32 males, one female; Pu- shape ofthe gnathos, and secondarily by their catrihue (coastal town), Osorno, January closely similar appearance. 1971, one male; Anticura, 450 m, on Rio ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is an ar- Goigol, Osorno, August 26, 1983, one male; bitrary combination of letters; the gender is Fundo La Selva, 700 m, W of Temuco, Cau- masculine. tin, December 10-12, 1981, one male. The holotype, allotype, and paratypes are Acauro rotundus, new species in the collection of the AMNH. Figures 19, 47, 72 DISTRIBUTION: This species is known only DIAGNOSIS: The length of the forewings from the central valley and coastal mountains varies from 15 to 18 mm; the processes of ofOsorno and Cautin, Chile, at elevations of the anellus are rounded, and a prominent sig- 400 to 700 m. num is present in the membranous anterior FLIGHT PERIOD: August, December, and portion of the corpus bursae. January. There is but a single specimen dated 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 49 in late August, with all the remainder of the in length, also extending distance equal to series being dated from mid-December into length of eyes in front of eyes; antennae of early January. approximately 64 to 66 segments, lamellate REMARKS: Thirty-nine specimens (36 in males, each lamella subrectangular with males, 3 females), one male and one female finely dentate margins, terminal six segments genitalic slides, and one male and one female simple, of females simple. Thorax slender; slide mounts of antennae and legs have been foretibia ofmales with epiphysis arising about studied. three-fifths length ofsegment and being near- The sister species of rotundus is quite sim- ly two-fifths its length, females arising at sev- ilar in color and appearance but is smaller, en-tenths length and being three-tenths length with the forewing length of the males being of segment; hind tibia of males with small 14 to 16 mm, and ofthe females 16 mm. The hair pencil. Abdomen relatively slender, ex- genitalia ofthe two species are markedly dif- tending to about hind margin of hind wings ferent from each other, especially the shape in both sexes; males without row of setae on of the processes of the anellus and the pos- ventral surface of third segment. terior portion of the ductus bursae. Both Forewings broad, apex pointed, outer mar- species fly together at Aguas Calientes, the gin curved, strongly dentate; with one acces- type locality ofrotundus. In addition, the sis- sory cell; vein R1 to Sc, R2 from top of cell, ter species is known from Llanquihue, Val- R3+4 from end of cell, stalked, R5 from bot- divia, and Chiloe, Chile, with all captures tom ofcell; mdc and ldc biconvex. Hind wings having been made in December and January. broad, outer margin strongly dentate, evenly ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is from the rounded; Sc paralleling R for half length of Latin rotundus, round, which refers to the cell; m and ldc angled. shape of the processes of the anellus. Upper surface of forewings of males gray, more or less heavily suffused with brown, CALTA, NEW GENUS basal and inner portion of subterminal area Figures 20, 48, 73 dark brown, offemales with very little brown DIAGNOSIS: The moths of this genus may scaling; maculation ofmales more prominent be recognized by the lamellate antennae of than that offemales due to dark brown areas; the males, the large size, with the forewing t. a. line outwardly curved, dentate; median length from 16 to 20 mm, and by the upper area with small black discal spot basad of surface of the forewings of the males, which median shade line, latter strongly curved or is noticeably more contrastingly colored than angled around discal spot, then subparalleling that of the females. The male genitalia are t. p. line to inner margin; t. p. line broadly characterized by the long slender processes curved in upper portion ofwing, concave me- ofthe anellus, with elongate apical setae that dially, convex above inner margin, dentate are almost as long as the processes them- for entire length; s. t. line represented by two selves, by the slender valves having a setose or three white spots below apex and white costal ridge, and by the vesica having a single, dash above inner angle, and by change of slightly curved row ofshort spines that is half color in middle of wing; terminal line black, the length of the aedeagus. The female gen- narrow; fringe concolorous with wing. Hind italia have a semicircular sclerotized lamella wings grayish white, with variable number of antevaginalis and a very long and slender cor- grayish black scales, and with anteroventral pus bursae that does not have a signum. portion slightly darker; discal dot small; ex- ADULTS: Head with eyes of males large, tradiscal line represented by single or double wider than front, offemales noticeably small- venular spots; terminal line obsolescent to er, narrower than front; front flat, barely ex- slender, black when present; fringe brown. tending beyond eyes, tightly scaled, without Under surface of all wings reddish brown, ventral tuft; palpi of males with second seg- darker in males than in females, hind wings ment 0.6 mm long, third segment 0.4 mm, with more gray scaling than on forewings; extending distance equal to length of eyes in maculation of all wings similar to that ofup- front of eyes, females with larger palpi, sec- per surface but tending to be narrower or more ond segment 0.8 mm, third segment 0.5 mm weakly represented. 50 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

7/! I,\h

III1

I 61 I 62 I I

;I \

tII I I I I FIGS. 61-67. Female genitalia. 61. Thallophaga taylorata (Hulst), Dayton, Oregon, February 20, 1958 (R. Albright). 62. Yalpa dalcahue, new species, allotype, Dalcahue, Chile, February 1971 (G. Barria). 63. Odontothera valdiviata (Felder and Rogenhofer), Los Cipreces, Chile, January 14, 1968 (L. E. Pefia). 64. Psilaspilates signistriaria Butler, Jardin Botanico, Chile, March 13-14, 1964 (L. E. Penia). 65. Callemo monotonos, new species, allotype, Contulmo, Chile, February 1, 1953 (L. E. Penia). 66. Martindoelloia juradoi Orfila and Schajovskoy, El Chinque, Chile, January 20-25, 1980 (L. E. Penia). 67. Guara raphis, new species, allotype, La Cabaina, Chile, March 27, 1955 (L. E. Penia). All AMNH; bar equals 1 mm.

Length of Forewings: Males, 16 to 19 mm; thin setae, apex pointed; socius shortly dig- females, 17 to 20 mm. itate, with from 30 to 40 setae on each one; MALE GENITALIA: Uncus curved, 1.0 mm gnathos V-shaped, sides broad posteriorly, long, with base 0.5 to 0.6 mm wide, simple, narrowed anteriorly, apical region bluntly sides parallel, laterally and dorsally with very rounded, having posteroventral surface with 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 51 numerous short spines; valves simple, ex- in the genus. This species may be recognized tending posteriorly to near middle of uncus, by the lamellate male antennae, an autapo- costa slightly widened medially; transtilla with morphic character. each side triangular, anterior point shortly ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is an ar- projecting, with small point ofattachment on bitrary combination of letters; the gender is midline; processes of anellus extremely long, feminine. extending to base ofuncus, 2.0 mm in length, curved basally, then straight, with parallel Calta lamella, new species sides, divergent, medially with or without a Figures 20, 48, 73 few spines, apically rounded, apical region DIAGNOSIS: As given for the genus. with from 12 to 20 very long, straight, slender ADULTS: As described for the genus. setae, their length only slightly shorter than Length of Forewings: Holotype, 19 mm; basal portion; anellus deeply recessed dor- allotype, 20 mm; male paratypes, 16 to 19 sally; cristae very slender, long, 1.0 mm in mm, female paratypes, 17 to 20 mm. length, arising from vertical sides of anellus, MALE GENITALIA: As described for the ge- approximately 20 on each side; tegumen with nus. median fusion more than half length of me- FEMALE GENITALIA: As described for the dian area; saccus 1.5 times as long as tegu- genus. men, slightly tapered, anterior margin bluntly TYPES: Holotype, male, La Picada, 600 m, rounded or weakly concave; aedeagus 2.3 to N of Petrohue, Llanquihue, Chile, January 2.4 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, straight, lightly 13-22, 1980 (L. E. Pefna); allotype, female, sclerotized posterior end pointed; vesica with Lago Toro, 700 m, near Puyehue, Osorno, single bicurved row of short, diagonal spines Chile, February 7-8, 1978 (L. E. Peina). The occupying half length of aedeagus, 30 to 40 genitalia ofthe holotype are mounted on slide spines present, longest ones 0.1 mm in length; FHR 19,134A, with one antenna and set of vesica, when exserted, extending at about right legs on FHR 19,134B; the genitalia of the angle to aedeagus, with curved row of spines allotype are on slide FHR 19,211A, with one present on basal half. antenna and set of legs on FHR 19,211B. FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with lamella Paratypes, all from Chile, and collected by L. antevaginalis a simple, collarlike, sclerotized E. Pefna: same data as holotype, 11 males; band extending width of abdomen, lamella Llancahue, S ofValdivia City, Valdivia, April postvaginalis membranous, with transverse 1964, one female; Puerto Fuy, W of Pire- striations; ductus bursae sclerotized, quad- huelco Lake, Valdivia, February 16-30, 1978, rate, twice as wide as long; ductus seminalis two males; Enco, 200 m, E of Lago Riinihue, arising from small ventral sac at posterior end Valdivia, February 24-26, 1978, one male; ofcorpus bursae; corpus bursae very long and Pucatrihue, coastal Osorno, January 21-23, slender, 3.5 times length of apophyses pos- 24-31, 1966, February 1-10, 1967, January teriores, membranous except for small area 26-31, 1980, February 1-12, 1980, 12 males; posteriorly on left side next to ductus bursae Anticura, 350 m, near Puyehue, Osorno, and for granular dorsal surface posteriorly, February 1-4, 1978, six males, one female; distal end with weak longitudinal striations, Anticura, E ofPuyehue on Rio Golgol, Osor- of about same width for entire length except no, March 7, 1984, two males; Anticura to for slightly swollen anterior end; signum ab- Aguas Calientes, near Puyehue, Osomo, Feb- sent. Papillae anales moderate to elongate, ruary 1-8, 1978, 10 males; Aguas Calientes, with anterior attachment for apophyses; Puyehue National Park, Osorno, February apophyses posteriores 1.4 mm long, apo- 10-22, 1979, 12 males, 2 females; Lago Toro, physes anteriores 0.25 mm in length. 700 m, near Puyehue, Osorno, February 7- TYPE SPECIES: Ca/ta lamella, new species. 8, 1978, one female; Dalcahue, E coast Chiloe DISTRIBUTION: Chile and adjacent Argen- Island, Chiloe, January 17-31, 1962, Feb- tina. ruary 1971, 12 males; Dalcahue, NE of Cas- FLIGHT PERIOD: January, February, March, tro, February 1, 1981, three males; Tepu- and April. hueco, SW of Chonchi, Chiloe, March 3, REMARKS: Only the type species is included 1984, one male. 52 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

I I I

I I 73 I FIGS. 68-74. Female genitalia. 68. Siopla derance, new species, allotype, La Invernada, Chile, De- cember 1973 (L. E. Pefia). 69. Nucara recurva, new species, paratype, El Coigo, Chile, September 1959 (L. E. Penia). 70. Lacaria orfilai, new species, allotype, Lake Nonthue, Argentina, October 27, 1952 (S. Schajovskoy) (this dissection is from a paratype of Casbia schajovskoyi Sperry). 71. Franciscoia morenoi Orfila and Schajovskoy, Alto de Vilches, Chile, October 17-24, 1964 (L. E. Penia). 72. Acauro rotundus, new species, allotype, Aguas Calientes, Chile, December 12-17, 1981 (L. E. Pefia). 73. Calta lamella, new species, allotype, Lago Torno, Chile, February 7-8, 1978 (L. E. Penia). 74. Huechulafqueniaformosa Orfila and Schajovskoy, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina, February 3, 1958 (J. Foerster). All AMNH; bar equals 1 mm. 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 53

The holotype, allotype, and paratypes are ADULTS: Head with eyes of females nar- in the collection of the AMNH. rower than front (no males have been ex- DISTRIBUTION: Chile (Chiloe, Llanquihue, amined); front rounded, extending beyond Osorno, and Valdivia) and Argentina (Neu- eyes one-fourth diameter ofeyes, long scaled, quen; the two specimens before me from this with ventral tuft; palpi offemales with second area are not included in the type series). Many segment 1.0 mm long, third segment 0.3 mm, of the specimens in the type series are from extending 1.5 times length of eyes in front of the central valley or coastal mountains of eyes; antennae with approximately 54 seg- Chile, at elevations of 200 to 700 m. ments, simple in females. Thorax slender; FLIGHT PERIOD: January, February, March, foretibia of females with epiphysis arising at and April. three-fifths length of segment and being two- REMARKS: Eighty specimens (73 males, 7 fifths its length. Abdomen relatively slender, females), three male and two female genitalic extending to about hind margin ofhind wings. dissections, and two male and one female Forewings triangular, costa straight except slide mounts of antennae and legs have been for slight curve at base, outer margin deeply studied. scalloped, projecting at veins M2 and M3; At a quick, first glance the adults of this either without accessory cell or with one species look similar to those of Acauro ro- formed by very short cross vein; vein R1 free, tundus; however, the members ofthe present R2 either free or from end ofcell (when pres- species are larger and more brightly colored, ent), R314 stalked, from end of cell (when especially the males. There is some dimor- present), R5 from R314 or end of cell (when phism in color, as the females are paler and present); mdc and ldc angled or weakly bi- less brown than the males. The sole included convex. Hind wings broadly triangular, outer species is easily recognized by the male an- margin scalloped, with longest projection at tennae, and the male and female genitalia, as vein Cu1; Sc paralleling R for half or slightly outlined in the tables, keys, and Diagnosis. more than length ofcell; m and ldc angled or ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is from the rounded. Latin lamellus, the diminutive of lamina, Upper surface of females orange-brown or plate or platelike, in reference to the lamellate reddish brown, with median area either con- male antennae. colorous with remainder of wing or white, GENUS HUECHULAFQUENIA traversed by brown veins and having vaguely ORFILA AND SCHAJOVSKOY reticulate pattern; t. a. line shortly angulate Figures 21, 74 at costa, then straight to inner margin; median shade line not as prominent as adjacent Huechulafquenia Orfila and Schajovskoy, 1964, p. lines, angled at costa, then straight or slightly 26. curved to inner margin; t. p. line sharply an- DIAGNOSIS: The moths of this genus may gulate at costa, with small white spot at or- be recognized by the swollen front having a igin, then more or less straight, with variable ventral tuft, by the palpi of the females ex- amount of distal shading; subterminal area tending beyond the eyes 1.5 times the di- uniformly colored except for some pale scal- ameter of the eyes, and by the deeply scaling below costa; terminal line varying from loped outer margin of all wings. The male being absent to brown; fringe white, broadly genitalia have the processes of the anellus divided by brown at ends ofveins. Hind wings evenly curved and tapering, and the vesica whitish, with variable number of brown and has about six long spines. The female geni- gray scales, darkest around anal angle and in talia have a short ductus bursae, and the large, subterminal area; faint median and complete asymmetrical corpus bursae has a curved, extradiscal lines present; terminal line brown longitudinally striate, sclerotized posterior or grayish brown; fringe similar to that of portion leading into a large, smoothly scler- forewings. Under surface grayish brown, otized dorsal area, with the ventral portion forewings with apical area broadly brown or being membranous, and no signum is pres- reddish brown, hind wings with broad, brown ent. subterminal area; maculation of upper sur- 54 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

T I I

I FIGS. 75-80. Female genitalia. 75. Euclidiodes ophiusina (Butler), Lake Nonthue, Argentina, Decem- ber 20, 1952 (S. Schajovskoy). 76. Yapoma chone, new species, allotype, nr. Puyehue, Chile, February 1-8, 1978 (L. E. Pena). 77. Duraglia xanthe, new species, allotype, Las Trancas, Chile, February 1978 (L. E. Pefia). 78. Laneco suffuscus, new species, allotype, Pucatrihue, Chile, January 1971 (L. E. Penia). 79. Incalvertiafumipennis (Warren), Dalcahue, Chile, January 17-31, 1962 (L. E. Penia). 80. Catophoe- nissa dibapha vesca Rindge, allotype, El Bolson, Argentina, 1961 (A. Kovacs). All AMNH; bar equals 1 mm. 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 55 face repeated, but without contrasting me- TYPE SPECIES: Huechulafquenia formosa dian area of forewings. Orfila and Schajovskoy, 1964, p. 28, figs. 4 Length of Forewings: Females, 14 to 17 (head), 5 (venation), 6, 7 (male, female gen- mm. italia), pl. [1], figs. 4, 5 (adults). MALE GENITALIA: Not examined; the fol- DISTRIBUTION: Argentina (Neuquen, Rio lowing notes are based on the original de- Negro) and Chile (Talca and Valdivia). scription and drawing (Orfila and Schajov- FLIGHT PERIOD: August, October, Decem- skoy, 1964, fig. 6): Uncus curved, with base ber, January, and February. about half as wide as length of uncus, shaft REMARKS: Only the type species is included weakly constricted medially, apex pointed; in this genus. I have five female specimens socius shortly digitate; gnathos V-shaped, before me (in AMNH), three of which are sides slightly narrowing anteriorly, apical re- from Neuquen, Argentina and the other two gion pointed and covered with numerous from Chile. As far as I can tell, these speci- short spines; valves simple, transtilla with mens are conspecific, but males are needed each side subtriangular, with very slender from both countries before I can be certain median point of attachment; processes of of the identification. anellus extending to middle ofgnathos, evenly In their Diagnosis for Huechulafquenia, curved, tapering from relatively broad base Orfila and Schajovskoy state that this genus to apical point, bare; anellus subrectangular; is closely related to Martindoelloia Orfila and cristae extending to middle of processes of Schajovskoy, and differs from the latter by anellus; tegumen broad, subquadrate, with the scalloped margin ofthe forewings and by short median fusion; saccus about 1.5 times the venation ofthe hind wings. While the first as long as tegumen, slightly tapered, anterior character is diagnostic for the present genus, margin weakly concave; aedeagus curved, the second is probably of little or no value; posterior end pointed; vesica with group of I have stated my opinion ofvenational char- six elongate setae, length about two-thirds acters under Remarks for Franciscoia (above). length of aedeagus. There are a number of apomorphic charac- FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with lightly ters for this genus; they are given in the tables, sclerotized transverse lamella antevaginalis, and additional means of recognizing Hue- attached anteriorly to sclerotized, punctate chulafquenia are presented in the keys and ventral portion of last abdominal segment, Diagnosis. lamella extending width ofabdomen, slightly constricted medially, lamella postvaginalis GENUS EUCLIDIODES WARREN weakly defined, lightly sclerotized, quadrate, Figures 22, 23, 49, 75 with transverse striations; ductus bursae large, posteriorly a pair ofovate lobes equal in width Euclidiodes Warren, 1895, p. 141. Orfila and to width ofabdomen, each having single, lon- Schajovskoy, "1959" [1960], p. 8. gitudinal, sclerotized barlike process, ante- Catrielia Orfila and Schajovskoy, "1959" [1960], riorly more heavily sclerotized, tapering, with p. 12. New synonymy. anteromedian membranous area; ductus DIAGNOSIS: The species of this genus may seminalis arising from ventral transverse sac be recognized by the presence of long scales at posterior end ofcorpus bursae; corpus bur- on the front and dorsal surface ofthe thorax, sae asymmetrical, posteriorly and dorsally and by the generally long palpi. The male sclerotized, distal end narrow, with longitu- genitalia have a long, slender C-shaped un- dinal striations, anterior portion curved dor- cus, a W-shaped gnathos with the prominent sally to meet dorsal sclerotized area, anteromedian area recurved and spined, and the ventrally membranous, anterior end rounded, slightly curved processes of the anellus are entire structure 3.5 to 4.0 times as long as weakly setose. The female genitalia have a apophyses posteriores; signum absent. Pa- median attachment of the apophyses poste- pillae anales elongate, posteriorly rounded, riores to the papillae anales, a short ductus with anterior attachment for apophyses; bursae, and an elongate, asymmetrical corpus apophyses posteriores 1.0 to 1.2 mm long, bursae with a prominent, invaginated, rayed apophyses anteriores 0.3 to 0.5 mm. signum. 56 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

ADULTS: Head with eyes of males not as lescent; fringe concolorous with wing. Under wide as width of front, of females slightly surface gray, grayish brown, or pale brown, smaller than those ofmales; front flat, barely with hind wings tending to be slightly paler extending beyond eyes, tightly scaled with than forewings; maculation obsolescent. long scales, without ventral tuft; palpi ofmales Length ofForewings: Males, 13 to 18 mm; with second segment 0.6 to 0.9 mm long, females, 13 to 19 mm. third segment 0.3 to 0.5 mm, extending from MALE GENITALIA: Uncus curved, C-shaped, 0.5 to 1.5 times length ofeyes in front ofeyes with base 0.5 to 0.6 mm wide, simple, slen- in males, 0.75 to 1.66 times the diameter in der, dorsally with a few very thin setae, apex females; antennae with approximately 43 to pointed; socius shortly digitate, with from 62 segments, simple in both sexes. Thorax about 8 to 12 setae on each one; gnathos slender with long scales dorsally; foretibia of W-shaped, sides broad, lightly sclerotized, males with epiphysis arising between three- apical region more heavily sclerotized, nar- fifths and two-thirds length of segment and rowed, curved ventrally, spinose, terminat- being from one-third to between two-fifths ing in single longer spine; valves simple, ex- and one-half its length, offemales arising be- tending posteriorly to near middle of uncus; tween three-fifths and two-thirds length and transtilla narrow, each side with anterome- being from one-third to two-fifths length of dian angle, posterior margin rounded, with segment; hind tibia of males with or without small point of attachment on midline; pro- hair pencil. Abdomen slender and extending cesses of anellus slender, curved, tapering to slightly beyond hind margin of hind wings point, surface weakly setose, 0.45 to 0.70 mm (males) or relatively thick and barely reaching long; anellus recessed dorsally, with or with- hind margin (females); males with row of se- out membranous median portion; cristae not tae on ventral surface of third segment. prominent, arising from vertical sides of Forewings broad, apex pointed, outer mar- anellus, with from about 3 to 20 on each side, gin rounded, smooth; without accessory cell; 0.3 to 0.6 mm long; tegumen with short me- veins R1 and R2 free, R3+4 stalked, R5 from dian fusion; saccus subequal in length to teg- R3+4; mdc and ldc biconvex. Hind wings umen, sides tapered, anterior margin concave broad, outer margin rounded, smooth; Sc medially; aedeagus 1.5 to 1.9 mm long, 0.20 paralleling R for one-halfto three-fifths length to 0.25 mm wide, slightly curved, posterior of cell; m and ldc angled or rounded. end sclerotized, attenuate, pointed; vesica Upper surface of forewings grayish white variably spinose, with either single cluster of to pale brown, with contrasting dark brown thin spines, single cluster of thin spines plus or blackish brown maculation; maculation one thick distal spine, or latter grouping plus variable, either with t. a. and median lines one to three very long slender spines. joining near inner margin and having trian- FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with lamellae gular included area dark brown, or with t. a. not distinguishable but with a few transverse and median lines indicated by dark spots on striations medially, with large to medium size, costa and having prominent, outwardly membranous or lightly sclerotized ostium oblique line extending from inner margin to bursae; ductus bursae small, lateral margins cubital vein, or with both t. a. and median appearing more heavily sclerotized than me- lines obsolescent; t. p. line either prominent dian area, with length equal to width or about on costa, sharply curved outwardly, then be- twice as long as wide; ductus seminalis from coming obsolescent posteriorly, or repre- small ventral sac at posterior end of corpus sented as series of dark venular dots extend- bursae; corpus bursae symmetrical or asym- ing across wing; subterminal area unicolorous metrical, posterior portion straight or curved, with wing or with dark scaling; terminal line parallel-sided or increasing in width ante- of dark intravenular spots; fringe concolor- riorly, completely or partially sclerotized, with ous with wing. Hind wings slightly paler than variable number of longitudinal striations, forewings, with variable number of gray and anterior portion membranous, ovate or round, brown scales; without maculation except for entire structure two to three times length of obsolescent discal dot and faint trace of ex- apophyses posteriores; signum large, prom- tradiscal line; terminal line absent or obso- inent, set in granular area, invaginated, 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 57 rounded or with anterior part enlarged, mar- ofEuclidiodes will have an accessory cell, the gin variously rayed. Papillae anales elongate, majority of the moths do not possess one. with anteromedian attachment for apophyses; apophyses posteriores 1.00 to 1.35 mm long, apophyses anteriores 0.4 to 0.6 mm. YAPOMA, NEW GENUS TYPE SPECIES: For Euclidiodes, Hetero- Figures 24, 50, 76 phleps ophiusina Butler; by original designation. For Catrielia, Heterophleps agitata DIAGNOSIS: The moths of this genus may Butler; by original designation. be recognized by the short palpi projecting DISTRIBUTION: Central and southern Chile, one-third (males) to two-thirds (females) and adjacent Argentina. length of eyes in front of eyes, and by the FLIGHT PERIOD: October, December into upper surface of the wings being blackish May. brown with pale grayish green maculation. REMARKS: Five species are included in this The male genitalia have a long, slender uncus, genus. This is one offour genera in the South a slender W-shaped gnathos, long, slender American Lithinini that has a W-shaped gna- processes of the anellus which are equal in thos; its members can be recognized by the length to the uncus, and a vesica with from apomorphic characters given in the tables, six to eight slender setae. The female genitalia and by the keys and Diagnosis. have an elongate funnel-shaped ostium bur- My identification ofEuclidiodes ophiusina sae and a long, slender, curved corpus bursae (Butler) is based on material from the Sperry with a small invaginated signum. collection (now in the AMNH) that was de- ADULTS: Head with eyes of males wider termined by Fletcher at the BM; this is in than width offront, offemales narrower than agreement with the usage by Orfila and Scha- front; front flat, barely extending beyond eyes, jovskoy ("1959" [1960], p. 11, figs. 1 [ve- tightly scaled, without ventral tuft; palpi of nation], 2, 3 [male, female genitalia], pl. 1, males with second segment 0.4 mm long, third fig. 6 [adults]). Catrielia agitata (Butler) is segment 0.3 mm, extending one-third length determined from the generic and specific de- of eyes in front of eyes in males, two-thirds scriptions, plus illustrations, by Orfila and length in females; antennae with approxi- Schajovskoy (op. cit., pp. 12, 15, figs. 4 [ve- mately 55 segments, simple in both sexes. nation], 5, 6 [male, female genitalia], pl. 1, Thorax slender; foretibia of males with fig. 3 [adults]). The authors of Catrielia state epiphysis arising at three-fifths length of seg- in their Diagnosis for their genus that it is ment, of females almost two-thirds length, related to Euclidiodes but differs by the erect being slightly more than two-fifths its length palpi, distinct venation, and the genitalia. A in both sexes; hind tibia of males with hair study of 56 specimens (35 males, 21 females) pencil. Abdomen slender, extending to about in the AMNH from both Argentina (Neu- hind margin of hind wings in both sexes, in quen, Rio Negro) and Chile (Arauco, Co- males tending to be slightly thinner and lon- quimbo, Curico, Malleco, Santiago, Valpa- ger than in females; males with row of setae raiso), four genitalic preparations (two males, on ventral surface of third segment. two females), and one slide mount ofthe an- Forewings broad, costa slightly convex, tennae and legs of each sex proves to my outer margin evenly curved, smooth; without satisfaction that the characters given by Or- accessory cell; veins R1 and R2 free, R314 fila and Schajovskoy are ofspecific value only. stalked, R5 from R3 4; mdc and ldc biconvex. Accordingly, as a result of my analysis, Ca- Hind wings broad, outer margin rounded, trielia is placed as a synonym ofEuclidiodes. smooth; Sc paralleling R for three-fifths length It should be pointed out that Orfila and Scha- of cell; m and ldc angled. jovskoy, in both their key to the genera and Upper surface offorewings blackish brown, in the description of Euclidiodes, state that with pale grayish green maculation; t. a. line there is no areole in that genus, but in their white, complete, weakly biangulate; median figures of the venation, one accessory cell is area with basal portion blackish brown, outer indicated (op. cit., pp. 8, 9, fig. 1). While it margin defined by trilobed median line, distal is quite possible that an occasional specimen portion of median area pale grayish green, 58 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838 including prominent black discal spot; t. p. spines of varying lengths, longest 0.5 to 0.6 line white, outwardly angled from costa, sub- mm, with spines occupying about one-third paralleling outer margin, dentate, crossing length of aedeagus. distal extension of median area in middle of FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with lamellae wing; s. t. line white or pale grayish green at not developed, with large, lightly sclerotized, costa, becoming grayish green medially, ir- funnel-shaped ostium bursae constricted me- regular in course, blackish brown distad of dially; ductus bursae with lateral areas ap- line, with black cellular spots along outer pearing more sclerotized than middle, pos- margin narrowly edged with white; terminal terior portion broadly flared outwardly, line absent; fringe concolorous with wing. anterior portion with subparallel sides, join- Hind wings grayish black, without macula- ing corpus bursae ventrally; ductus seminalis tion except for obsolescent discal dot; ter- arising from transverse sac beyond right mar- minal line obsolescent; fringe white, grayish gin of corpus bursae; corpus bursae asym- brown opposite vein endings. Under surface metrical, posterior portion curved, lightly of forewings dark grayish brown, with paler sclerotized, with longitudinal striations, an- scaling along costa, dark discal spot, and ob- terior portion membranous, slightly wid- solescent t. p. line; hind wings paler than fore- ened, ovate, entire structure four to five times wings, heavily scaled with brown, with discal longer than apophyses posteriores; signum spot and extradiscal line; terminal lines ab- small, round, indented into corpus, variable sent; fringes concolorous with wings. in shape and in number and size of rays, set Length ofForewings: Males, 13 to 15 mm; in granular area. Papillae anales relatively females, 13 to 16 mm. short and broad, with median point of at- MALE GENITALIA: Uncus broadly curved, tachment for apophyses; apophyses poste- with base 0.55 mm wide, slender, simple, riores 0.7 mm long, apophyses anteriores 0.4 dorsal surface with long, very slender setae, to 0.5 mm. apex pointed; socius shortly digitate, with TYPE SPECIES: Yapoma chone, new species. about 20 setae on each one; gnathos DISTRIBUTION: Chile and adjacent Argen- W-shaped, rodlike, sclerotized, posterolater- tina. al and posteromedian portions broad, very FLIGHT PERIOD: December, January, and weakly sclerotized, median section with den- February. tate ventral margin and apex; valves simple, REMARKS: Only the type species is included elongate, extending to two-thirds length of in the genus. This genus may be distinguished uncus, slightly curved posteriorly, with area from the other genera that have a W-shaped of thicker setae near end of costa; transtilla gnathos by the combination of apomorphic with each lateral piece having anterior point, characters given in the tables, and from all posterior margin thickened, rounded, with other genera by the keys and Diagnosis. small point of attachment on midline; pro- ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is an ar- cesses of anellus slender, very long, 1.0 mm, bitrary combination of letters; the gender is extending to middle ofgnathos, surface bare, feminine. tapering to sharp point; anellus recessed dor- Yapoma chone, new species sally, each side smoothly sclerotized, median Figures 24, 50, 76 area finely punctate; cristae prominent, very long, 1.5 mm, extending posteriorly to be- DIAGNOSIS: As given for the genus. yond base ofuncus, with about 20 setae aris- ADULTS: As described for the genus. ing from each ventral surface of anellus; teg- Length of Forewings: Holotype, 14 mm; umen with outer margins subparallel, allotype, 15 mm; male paratypes, 13 to 15 dorsomedially X-shaped; saccus slightly mm, female paratypes, 13 to 16 mm. longer than tegumen and wider posteriorly, MALE GENITALIA: As described for the ge- sides tapering anteriorly, anterior margin nus. concave; aedeagus 2.3 to 2.4 mm long, 0.25 FEMALE GENITALIA: As described for the mm wide, curved, posterior end lightly scler- genus. otized, attenuate, forming elongate point; TYPES: Holotype, male, Dalcahue, E coast vesica with median group offrom six to eight Chiloe Island, Chiloe, Chile, January 17-31, 1 986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 59

1962 (L. E. Peiia); allotype, female, Anticura genitalia have an elongate, C-shaped, slender to Aguas Calientes, near Puyehue, Osorno, uncus, a broad, W-shaped, spinose gnathos, Chile, February 1-8, 1978 (L. E. Pe-na). The and very short (0.3 mm), broad, setose pro- genitalia ofthe holotype are mounted on slide cesses of the anellus. The female genitalia FHR 13,202, and those of the allotype on have an almost membranous, triangular duc- slide FHR 19,217A, with one antenna and tus bursae, and an evenly tapered, broad cor- set of legs on FHR 19,217B. Paratypes, all pus bursae with a vestigial signum. from Chile, and collected by L. E. Peiia: Rio ADULTS: Head with eyes ofboth sexes about Carihueco, mountains of Chiloe Island, NW equal in size, narrower than front; front flat, of Castro, Chiloe, February 18-25, 1957, 10 extending slightly beyond eyes, tightly scaled, males; Pto. [Puerto] Cisnes, coast, Ayseen without ventral tuft; palpi of males with sec- forest region [Aisen], February 1961, two ond segment 0.7 mm long, third segment 0.3 males; Rio Blanco, Curacautin, Andes, mm, extending beyond eyes a distance equal Malleco, February 1964, one female; E to diameter ofeyes, offemales slightly longer; Cord[illera], Las Raices, Malleco, December antennae with approximately 49 to 53 seg- 24-26, 1976, one female; Pichinahuel, ments, simple in both sexes. Thorax slender; Cord[illera] Nahuelnuta, coast range, Arau- patagia with mixture of regular and hairlike co, February 1963, one female; Lago Toro, scales; foretibia of males with epiphysis aris- 700 m, near Puyehue, Osorno, February 7- ing between three-fifths and two-thirds length 8, 1978, two females; Aguas Calientes, near of segment and being two-fifths or slightly Puyehue, February 6-7, 1978, one female; longer in length (female not available); hind Aguas Calientes, Puyehue National Park, tibia of males with hair pencil. Abdomen Osorno, February 10-12, 1979, one female. slender, extending to about hind margin of The holotype, allotype, and paratypes are wings in both sexes, in males slightly thinner in the collection of the AMNH. and longer than in females; males without DISTRIBUTION: Chile (Aisen, Arauco, Chi- row of setae on ventral surface of third seg- loe, Malleco, Osorno) and Argentina (Neu- ment. quen; the single female before me from this Forewings broad, costa weakly convex, area is not included in the type series). outer margin minutely concave below apex, FLIGHT PERIOD: December, January, and then rounded, smooth; without accessory cell; February. veins R1 and R2 free; R3+4 stalked, R5 from REMARKS: Twenty-two specimens (13 R314; mdc and ldc curved. Hind wings broad, males, 9 females), two male and three female outer margin rounded, smooth; Sc paralleling genitalic dissections, and one male and one R between one-halfand three-fifths length of female slide mounts ofantennae and legs have cell; m and ldc angled. been studied. Upper surface of forewings unicolorous The pattern of the forewings is somewhat yellow, with greatly reduced maculation; t. a. similar to that ofEuclidiodes agitata (Butler), line represented by dark brown costal dot and but the colors of the present species are both small spots on cubital and anal veins; discal brighter and darker. The generic characters dot obsolescent; t. p. line represented by will separate the two species without any dif- prominent dark brown costal dot and small ficulties. venular spots across wing; terminal area not ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is from the differentiated; terminal line absent; fringe Greek chone, funnel, referring to the shape concolorous with wing. Hind wings cream- of the ostium bursae. colored, with scattered grayish brown scales; maculation obsolescent, with faint traces of DURAGLIA, NEW GENUS discal dot and broad extradiscal band present Figures 25, 51, 77 in some specimens; terminal line and fringe DIAGNOSIS: The moths of this genus may as on forewings. Under surface pale yellowish be recognized by the presence of some hair- brown, forewings with area from base to t. p. like scales in the patagia, and by the upper line suffused with gray; discal dots, outer cross surface of the forewings being unicolorous lines, and brown terminal line present on all yellow with obsolescent maculation. The male wings; fringes yellow. 60 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

Length ofForewings: Males, 15 to 16 mm; FLIGHT PERIOD: January and February. females, 16 mm. REMARKS: Only the type species is included MALE GENITALIA: Uncus broadly curved, in the genus. As with the two preceding gen- with base 0.5 mm wide, simple, slender, sides era, the male genitalia of Duraglia have a parallel, apex pointed; socius short, with 6 to W-shaped gnathos; the present genus can be 10 setae on each one; gnathos W-shaped, sides recognized by the distinctive unicolorous yel- broad, flat, widening anteroventrally, median low coloration of the upper surface of the section with prominently dentate ventral forewings having obsolescent maculation. margin and apex; valves simple, broadest ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is an ar- medially, extending posteriorly to about mid- bitrary combination of letters; the gender is dle of uncus, with small area of thicker setae feminine. near end of costa; transtilla with each lateral piece triangular, posterior margin rounded, with small point of attachment on midline; Duraglia xanthe, new species processes of anellus short, 0.3 mm long, Figures 25, 51, 77 broad, extending to middle oftranstilla, pos- DIAGNOSIS: As given for the genus. teriorly pointed, very weakly sclerotized, sur- ADULTS: As described for the genus. faces with elongate slender setae; anellus re- Length of Forewings: Holotype, 16 mm; cessed dorsally, lightly sclerotized; cristae not allotype, 16 mm; male paratypes, 15 to 16 prominent, about 0.4 mm long, with about mm. 10 arising from each ventral surface of anel- MALE GENITALIA: As described for the ge- lus; tegumen rounded, with median fusion nus. about halflength oftegumen on midline; sac- FEMALE GENITALIA: As described for the cus subequal in length to tegumen, wider pos- genus. teriorly, sides tapered, anterior margin TYPES: Holotype, male, Valdivia, Valdivia, rounded or concave; aedeagus 1.5 to 1.6 mm Chile, February 22, 1959 (L. E. Peina); allo- long, 0.25 mm wide, curved, posterior end type, female, Las Trancas, 1200 m, Chillan lightly sclerotized, attenuate, forming elon- area, SE of Recinto, Nuble, Chile, February gate point; vesica with median group ofabout 1978 (L. E. Pe-na). The genitalia of the ho- 10 to 12 deciduous spines ofvarying lengths, lotype are mounted on slide FHR 19,190, longest 0.6 mm, with spines occupying about and those of the allotype on FHR 19,277. one-third length of aedeagus. Paratypes, all from Chile, and collected by L. FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma membra- E. Pefia: Termes Tolhuaca, Andes, Malleco, nous, with a few transverse striations medi- January 15-20, 1959, one male; Las Trancas, ally; ductus bursae with lateral areas appear- 1200 m, mountains in Chillan area, Nuble, ing more heavily sclerotized than median February 7-12, 1966, one female; Las Tran- area, tapered anteriorly, about twice as long cas, 1200 m, Chillan area, E of Recinto, Nu- as maximum width; ductus seminalis arising ble, February 1978, one female. from ventral sac at posterior end of corpus The holotype, allotype, and paratypes are bursae; corpus bursae evenly tapered poste- in the collection of the AMNH. riorly, broadly rounded anteriorly, membra- DISTRIBUTION: Chile (Malleco, Nuble, Val- nous, with longitudinal striations posteriorly divia). and wrinkled surface anteroventrally, entire FLIGHT PERIOD: January and February. structure only slightly longer than apophyses REMARKS: Five specimens (four males, one posteriores; signum vestigial, scarcely differ- female), three male and one female genitalic entiated. Papillae anales poorly defined, with dissections, and one slide mount of the male shallow longitudinal ridges, and anterior at- antenna and legs have been studied. tachment for apophyses; apophyses poste- There does not seem to be much individual riores 1.4 mm long, apophyses anteriores 0.7 variation in the pattern of the upper surface mm. of the wings when allowance is made for age TYPE SPECIES: Duraglia xanthe, new spe- and wear. cies. ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is from the DISTRIBUTION: Chile. Greek xanthos, yellow or golden, in reference 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 61 to the color of the upper surface of the fore- Upper surface of forewings dark brown, wings. with varying amount of pale scaling in basal area and in outer part of median area; t. a. line complete, curved or dentate; basal por- LANECO, NEW GENUS tion of median area dark brown, with very Figures 26, 52, 78 variable demarcation between it and pale dis- DIAGNOSIS: The moths of this genus may tal area, latter containing black discal spot; be recognized by the elongate palpi, extend- t. p. line sharply curved outward from costa, ing from 1.25 (males) to 1.50 (females) times forming pointed angle, then extending straight diameter of eyes in front of eyes, and by the or slightly dentate to inner margin; dark dark brown upper surface of the forewings brown spot on costa above outward curve of having variable maculation. The male geni- t. p. line; subterminal area variably colored, talia have an elongate, slender, curved, un- many specimens with blackish brown area in cus, the processes of the anellus arise from a cells M2 and M3; outer margin with intra- broadly triangular base, are curved basally venular black spots in some specimens; ter- and are relatively short, having the posterior minal line absent; fringe concolorous with end spinose, with the length of the spines wing. Hind wings grayish brown to brown, equal to the length of the processes them- paler than forewings; without maculation ex- selves, and the aedeagus is weakly S-shaped cept for dull black discal spot; terminal line and has seven or eight elongate spines in the and fringe as on forewings. Under surface of vesica. The female genitalia have a very long forewings grayish brown, with some paler corpus bursae, the posterior portion being brown scaling, hind wings paler gray, with slender, sclerotized, and longitudinally striate, numerous dark brown scales; maculation of with a diagonal line of demarcation between forewings with small discal dot and obsoles- it and the membranous anterior portion, the cent t. p. line, of hind wings with prominent latter being without a signum. black spot and extradiscal line outwardly ADULTS: Head with eyes ofboth sexes about dentate on veins, varying from complete to equal in size, narrower than front; front flat, absent; all wings with slender black terminal barely extending beyond eyes, tightly scaled, line, fringe concolorous with wings except for without ventral tuft; palpi very long, second darkened areas at vein endings. segment ofmales 0.8 mm long, third segment Length ofForewings: Males, 14 to 17 mm; 0.4 mm, extending beyond eyes a distance of females, 15 to 18 mm. 1.25 times diameter of eyes in males, in fe- MALE GENITALIA: Uncus strongly curved, males 1.50 times; antennae with approxi- with base 0.5 mm wide, simple, slender, sides mately 52 to 55 segments, simple in both parallel, posterodorsally with a few short se- sexes. Thorax moderately slender; foretibia tae, apex pointed; socius shortly digitate, with of both sexes with epiphysis arising between from 10 to 15 setae on each one; gnathos three-fifths and two-thirds length ofsegment, V-shaped, sides flat, slightly increasing in and being slightly less than one-halfin length width distally, apical portion prominent, with in males and two-fifths in females; hind tibia posterior dentate ridge, apex recurved, with of males with hair pencil. Abdomen mod- thick terminal spine; valves simple, broad, erately slender, extending to about hind mar- extending posteriorly to middle ofuncus, cos- gin of hind wings in both sexes, in males ta slightly widened distally, with area of tending to be slightly thinner and longer than slightly thickened setae near end of costa; in females; males with row ofsetae on ventral transtilla with lateral tubular piece, median surface of third segment. portion subrectangular, with small point of Forewings broad, costa weakly convex, attachment at midline; processes of anellus outer margin rounded, smooth; without ac- with curved basal portion, distally subpar- cessory cell; veins R1 and R2 free, R3+4 stalked, allel, broad, short, apical end with numerous R5 from R314; mdc and ldc biconvex. Hind elongate setae, latter extending beyond trans- wings broad, outer margin rounded, smooth; tilla, each structure 0.7 mm long; anellus Sc paralleling R between one-half and three- sclerotized, deeply recessed dorsally on each fifths length of cell; m and ldc curved. side, median portion angled ventrally, ante- 62 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838 riorly weakly punctate; cristae prominent, Laneco suffuscus, new species arising from ventral areas of anellus, 30 to Figures 26, 52, 78 40 on each side, 1.0 mm in length, being slightly shorter than processes of anellus; DIAGNOSIS: As given for the genus. tegumen with sides subparallel, dorsally ADULTS: As described for the genus. X-shaped; saccus slightly longerthan tegumen, Length of Forewings: Holotype, 16 mm; wider posteriorly, sides tapering, anterior allotype, 18 mm; male paratypes, 14 to 17 margin concave; aedeagus 2.1 to 2.8 mm long, mm, female paratypes, 15 to 18 mm. 0.3 mm wide, slightly S-shaped, lateral mar- MALE GENITALIA: As described for the ge- gins and posterior end sclerotized, tapering nus. to elongate point; vesica with median group FEMALE GENITALIA: As described for the of six to eight thick spines, longest being 0.5 genus. to 0.7 mm, with group occupying about two- TYPES: Holotype, male, Pucatrihue, coastal fifths length of aedeagus. Osomo, January 24-31, 1966 (L. E. Peiia); FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with mem- allotype, female, same data but January 1971. branous lamella antevaginalis troughlike, The genitalia ofthe holotype are mounted on ventrad of posterior end of ductus bursae, slide FHR 15,607A, with one antenna and extending nearly entire width of abdomen, two legs on FHR 15,607B, and those of the lamella postvaginalis having sclerotized slen- allotype on slide FHR 19,225A, with one an- der rim forming inner lip of lamella ante- tenna and set oflegs on FHR 19,225B. Para- vaginalis, and with irregular median trans- types, all from Chile, and collected by L. E. verse striations; ductus bursae with lateral Pefna: Aguas Calientes, 400 m, Puyehue, margins appearing more heavily sclerotized Osomo, December 12-17, 1981, one male, than median area, length about equal to width, two females; El Chinque, 300 m, N of Cor- slightly tapered anteriorly; ductus seminalis rientes, Llanquihue, January 20-25, 1980, one arising from transverse sac at posteroventral male, two females; La Picada, 600 m, N of end ofcorpus bursae; corpus bursae elongate, Petrohue, Llanquihue, January 13-22, 1980, three to five times longer than apophyses pos- one female; Chacamo, 600 m, W ofTemuco, teriores, posterior portion relatively slender, Cautin, December 10, 1981, one male; Rio sclerotized, with numerous longitudinal Blanco, Malleco, January 20-25, 1974, one striations, slightly S-shaped, diagonally ex- male; E Cord[illera], Las Raices, Malleco, panded into larger membranous anterior por- December 18-21, 24-26, 1976, two males; tion, ventral part of latter extending farther Puntra, S of Ancud, Chiloe, December 19- posteriad than dorsal surface, elliptical in 29, 1981, three males, two females; Tepu- outline; signum absent. Papillae anales lightly hueco, SE of Cucao, Chiloe, December 23- sclerotized, slender in anterior-posterior di- 26, 1981, one male, two females; Hueque- rection, with anterior attachment for apoph- trumo, 22 km N ofQuellon, Chiloe, Decem- yses; apophyses posteriores 1.5 mm long, ber 26-28, 1981, four males, one female. apophyses anteriores 0.3 to 0.4 mm. The holotype, allotype, and paratypes are TYPE SPECIES: Laneco suffuscus, new spe- in the collection of the AMNH. cies. DISTRIBUTION: Chile (Cautin, Chiloe, Llan- DISTRIBUTION: Chile. quihue, Malleco, Osorno). FLIGHT PERIOD: December and January. FLIGHT PERIOD: December and January. REMARKS: Only the type species is included REMARKS: Twenty-six specimens (14 males, in the genus. This genus can be recognized 12 females), three male and two female gen- by the large number of apomorphic charac- italic dissections, and two male and two fe- ters in the adults and genitalia ofboth sexes, male slide mounts ofantennae and legs have as outlined in the tables, as well as by the use been studied. of the keys and Diagnosis. Most ofthe specimens have the upper sur- ETYMOLOGY: The generic name is an ar- face ofthe wings rather worn and abraded so bitrary combination of letters; the gender is that it is not easy to give information on the masculine. amount of individual variation within this 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 63 species; the one thing that appears certain is gin rounded, weakly sinuate; Sc paralleling R that the females have more pale scaling in for slightly more than half length of cell; m the outer portion of the median area than do and ldc curved. the males. Upper surface of forewings grayish brown ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is from the to dark brown, with outer portion ofmedian Latin suffuscus, brownish, in reference to the area grayish white to very pale brown; t. a. color of the upper surface of the forewings. line angulate, with basal area paler than adjacent median area; paler portion of median Incalvertia, replacement name area with dark discal spot; t. p. line with out- and new status wardly pointing tooth on vein M,, then weak- Figures 27, 53, 79 ly dentate and paralleling outer margin; subterminal area with broad dark patch in center; Calvertia Warren, 1908, p. 106, not Calvertia terminal line black, widened in cells; fringe Bourguignat, 1880. Fletcher, 1979, p. 80 (listed narrowly white at base, then dark gray, more as synonym of Euclidiodes). Rindge, 1983, p. or less narrowly interrupted at vein endings. 159. Hind wings with variable amounts of orange DIAGNOSIS: The moths of this genus may and brown scaling, darkened basally and along be recognized by the upper surface ofthe fore- anal angle; with small to obsolescent discal wings being dark brown with a slender, paler dot; extradiscal line complete, narrow; outer median area and by the orange scaling ofthe margin broadly brown; terminal line narrow- hind wings. The male genitalia have a very ly black; fringe with more pale scaling than long, slender uncus, a W-shaped gnathos, a on forewings. Under surface ofall wings dull dense group ofprominent cristae that covers orange and brown, with former concentrated the short, setose, membranous processes of in outer portion ofwings before brown outer the anellus, and a great number of spines in areas; maculation tending to be indistinct. the vesica. The female genitalia have an elon- Length ofForewings: Males, 18 to 19 mm; gate corpus bursae, which has a laterally flat- females, 20 to 21 mm. tened, sclerotized, and striate posterior por- MALE GENITALIA: Uncus sharply curved, tion, and a swollen membranous anterior with base 0.5 mm wide, simple, slender, sides portion with a small angulate signum. parallel, posteriorly short, slender setae, apex ADULTS: Head with eyes of males large, sharply pointed; socius shortly digitate, with wider than front, of females narrower than about 20 setae on each one; gnathos front; front flat, not extending beyond eyes, W-shaped, lateral arms broad, with median, tightly scaled, without ventral tuft; palpi with curving, narrow sclerotized area, apical por- second segment of both sexes 0.8 mm long, tion strongly recurved, prominent, thickly third segment 0.4 mm, extending beyond eyes covered with many short setae and with ter- three-fourths their diameter in both sexes; minal, thick, elongate spine; valves simple, antennae ofapproximately 64 segments, sim- large, wide, elongate, costa slightly widened ple in both sexes. Thorax moderately slender; distally, with area of slightly thickened setae foretibia of both sexes with epiphysis arising near end of costa; transtilla slender, strongly at three-fifths length of segment, and being curved posteriorly, with moderately wide two-fifths its length; hind tibia of males with point of attachment at midline; processes of hair pencil. Abdomen moderately slender, anellus C-shaped, membranous, thickly cov- extending slightly beyond hind wings in males, ered with slender setae, extending as far as shorter and thicker in females; males with base ofvalves, 0.3 mm long; anellus as lateral row of setae on ventral surface of third seg- troughlike structures, weakly sclerotized, ment. membranous medially; cristae very promi- Forewings broad, costa almost straight, nent, arising from ventral parts of anellus, with sharp apex, outer margin gently round- about 50 on each side, extending posteriorly ed, smooth; without accessory cell; veins R1 to middle ofgnathos, 0.4 mm long; tegumen and R2 free, R314 stalked, R5 from R3+4; mdc with subparallel sides, posterior portions an- and ldc curved. Hind wings broad, outer mar- gulate, medially with moderately long area of 64 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838 attachment; saccus slightly longer than teg- Warren is a junior homonym and hence the umen, wider posteriorly, sides tapering, an- replacement name is required. terior margin flatly rounded to concave; ae- Incalvertia is one of the genera in which deagus 2.2 to 2.3 mm long, 0.30 to 0.35 mm the gnathos is W-shaped; it can be distin- wide, curved, apical portion lightly sclero- guished from the other three by its orange- tized, attenuate, pointed, weakly recurved; brown hind wings and large size, among other vesica with many slender spines, deciduous, characters. The apomorphic states are given completely filling aedeagus for halfits length. in the tables; additional distinguishing char- FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with lightly acters are given in the keys and Diagnosis. sclerotized, transverse, slightly lunate lamella ETYMOLOGY: The Latin prefix in-, meaning antevaginalis extending width of abdomen, not, has been added to the preoccupied name; lamella postvaginalis smaller, more heavily the gender is feminine. Warren (1908) stated sclerotized, more or less quadrate, with un- that he named his genus after William Bart- even surface; ductus bursae with broad, lat- lett-Calvert; according to the International eral areas appearing more heavily sclerotized Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a genus- than median area, sides parallel, about twice group name takes the gender of its suffix. as long as wide, joining corpus bursae dor- Warren used the Latin suffix -a, which is a sally; ductus seminalis arising from trans- natural classical feminine ending, and hence verse sac at posterior end of corpus bursae, he made the generic name feminine (ICZN, ventrad ofjunction ofductus bursae and cor- Art. 30b [ii]), notwithstanding the fact that pus bursae; corpus bursae elongate, about four the name itself is that of a man. times longer than apophyses posteriores; asymmetrical, posterior portion sclerotized, with longitudinal striations, flattened, slight- GENUS CATOPHOENISSA WARREN ly curved, diagonally expanded into slightly Figures 28, 54, 80 wider membranous anterior portion, more or Catophoenissa Warren, 1894, p. 464. Rindge, 1971, less elliptical in shape; signum small, irreg- p. 379, figs. 102-105 (adults), 108, 109 (male ular in outline, situated in small rugose area, genitalia), 110, 111 (female genitalia); 1983, p. only slightly indented into corpus, variably 159. rayed around margin. Papillae anales mod- DIAGNOSIS: The species of this genus may erate, rounded, with median attachment for be recognized by the pectinate male anten- apophyses; apophyses posteriores 1.3 to 1.4 nae, the swollen front, the abdominal tufts, mm long, apophyses anteriores 0.4 to 0.5 mm. and by the yellowish orange or reddish orange TYPE SPECIES: Calvertia fumipennis War- upper surface of the hind wings. The male ren; by original designation. genitalia have an elongate (1.3-1.8 mm) un- DISTRIBUTION: Central and southern Chile. cus with a dorsal group ofsetae, the processes FLIGHT PERIOD: December into March. ofthe anellus are long, slender, straight rods, REMARKS: Only the type species is included and the vesica is either unarmed or has a in this genus. Talca catophoenissoides An- single long (2.0 mm) spine. The female gen- gulo has been placed as a synonym offumi- italia have a sclerotized lamella, the ductus pennis (Rindge, 1983, p. 159). bursae is either square or longer than wide, Fletcher (1979) placed Calvertia as a syn- and the elongate corpus bursae may or may onym ofEuclidiodes Warren; the type species not have a signum. ofthe latter is Heterophleps ophiusina Butler. ADULTS: Head with eyes ofmales narrower Fletcher thought fumipennis was congeneric than width of front, of females smaller than with ophiusina, and hence his synonymy. I those of males; front raised, extending one- have examined the type of fumipennis (in half diameter of eyes in front of eyes, tightly USNM); Fletcher was kind enough to send scaled, without ventral tuft; palpi with second me a photograph of the type of ophiusina (in segment of both sexes 0.9 to 1.0 mm long, BM). The two are not congeneric, and so Cal- third segment 0.4 mm, extending beyond eyes vertia reverts to full generic status. As indi- three-fourths diameter of eyes in both sexes; cated in the generic bibliography, Calvertia antennae of approximately 69 to 84 seg- 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 65 ments, bipectinate in males, longest pecti- parallel, dorsal surface with numerous elon- nations 0.3 to 0.4 mm, equal in length to their gate setae tending to be slightly flattened api- basal segments, pectinations arising basally cally and forming clump near end of uncus, on segments, having from six to nine simple apex with transverse ridge; socius digitate, segments at end of antennae, pectinations with 10 to 25 setae on each one; gnathos thick, apically slightly swollen and curved V-shaped, sides with posterior portions broad, distally, with double row of setae below, an- slightly tapering ventrally, apical portion re- tennae offemales simple. Thorax moderately curved, in form ofelongate spine; valves sim- stout; patagia with scattered elongate flat- ple, distal portions curved, extending poste- tened scales among numerous hairlike scales; riorly to about middle ofuncus, costa broad; with prominent bifurcate metathoracic tuft; transtilla with anterior point or angle, me- foretibia of males with epiphysis arising at dially broad, posterior margin rounded, with halflength ofsegment and being between one- either slender or broad point of attachment halfand three-fifths its length, offemales aris- medially; processes of anellus rodlike, tapering between just beyond one-half to three- ing to point, straight or very slightly curved, fifths length and being two-fifths length of surface bare, 0.6 to 1.8 mm long, extending segment; hind tibia of males with or without posteriorly to anterior or median section of hair pencil. Abdomen relatively slender in gnathos; anellus dorsally recessed, ovate to males, extending slightly beyond hind wings, elongate, sclerotized, with or without lateral, in females thicker and shorter, both sexes with more heavily sclerotized areas; cristae absent; dorsal tufts; males without row of setae on tegumen elongate, sides slender, with short ventral surface of third segment. anteromedian fusion; saccus longer than teg- Forewings broad, apex bluntly pointed, umen, tapered, anterior end rounded; aedea- outer margin gently rounded, slightly to deep- gus 2.0 to 5.0 mm long, 0.2 to 0.4 mm wide, ly concave between veins; with or without slightly curved, posterior end sclerotized, one accessory cell; vein R1 free, R2 either free bluntly pointed; vesica either unarmed or with or stalked as R214, R5 from cell or R214; mdc single, elongate (2.0 mm), broad spine and and ldc curved. Hind wings broad, outer mar- about six slender, deciduous spines; vesica, gin curved, dentate in lower portion; Sc par- when exserted, extending at between 90 and alleling R for approximately two-fifths length 1 10° angle to aedeagus, with broad spine ex- of cell; m and ldc curved. tending more or less parallel with aedeagus, Upper surface of forewings gray or brown, and with slender spines at various angles. with cross lines either in normal position, FEMALE GENITALIA: Sterigma with sclero- black, with t. a. line slightly curved, t. p. line tized, slender, bandlike lamella antevaginalis outwardly angled on vein M2, included me- extending across width of abdomen, extend- dian area dark brown in males and gray or ing anteriorly as variously shaped ostium whitish in females, or with cross lines widely bursae, varying from much longer than wide separated, t. a. line bordered basally and t. p. and heavily sclerotized to broad, shallow, and line distally by ochre and brown bands, with lightly sclerotized, lamella postvaginalis not females tending to have more brown scaling differentiated; ductus bursae sclerotized, than males. Hind wings yellowish orange to short, square or longer than wide; ductus reddish orange, with angled extradiscal line seminalis arising from small ventral sac at and incomplete grayish black border. Under posterior end ofcorpus bursae; corpus bursae surface of forewings more or less orange or large to very long (7.0 mm), either entirely orange and cream, with dark t. p. line, apex membranous (smaller ones), posterior end and outer margin dull black; hind wings brown more or less slender, with or without longi- or grayish white, with or without extradiscal tudinal striations, and with anterior portion line. rounded, or larger one with slender, sclero- Length of Forewings: Males, 18 to 23 mm; tized, longitudinally striated posterior por- females, 22 to 25 mm. tion, anterior section membranous, atten- MALE GENITALIA: Very large; uncus curved, uate, widened, anterior end rounded; signum with base 0.6 to 0.9 mm wide, simple, sides present, vestigial, or absent, when present 66 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838 varying from flat, partially indented structure DeVries, Philip J., Ian J. Kitching, and R. I. Vane- to large, rounded, invaginated signum, edges Wright variably rayed. Papillae anales with scattered 1985. The systematic position ofAntirrhea and very long setae in addition to short setae, with Caerois, with comments on the classi- anterior attachment for apophyses; apophy- fication of the Nymphalidae (Lepidop- tera). Syst. Ent., vol. 10, pp. 11-32, figs. ses posteriores 1.6 to 2.2 mm long, apophyses 1-30, table 1. anteriores 0.8 to 1.1 mm. Dyar, Harrison G. TYPE SPECIES: Epimecis dibapha C. Felder 1904. The Lepidoptera of the Kootenai dis- and Rogenhofer; by original designation. trict of British Columbia. Proc. U.S. DISTRIBUTION: Central and southern Chile, Natl. Mus., vol. 27, pp. 779-938. and adjacent Argentina. Ferguson, Douglas C. FLIGHT PERIOD: January into early May. "1973" [1974]. The species of the genus Tac- REMARKS: Two species are included in this paria Walker (Lepidoptera, Geometri- genus; see my 1971 paper for a key to them, dae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. plus full descriptions and illustrations of the 75, pp. 467-478, figs. 1-20. 1975. Host records for Lepidoptera reared in adults and their genitalia. eastern North America. U.S. Dept. Agr., The generic status of Catophaenissa [sic] Agr. Res. Serv., Tech. Bull. no. 1521, jonesaria Schaus still remains to be deter- pp. 1-49. mined, as I have not seen any specimens of Fletcher, D. S. this moth, described from Santa Catarina, 1979. In I. W. B. Nye, The generic names of Brazil, since my 1971 revision; in all prob- moths of the world. Brit. Mus. (Nat. ability, it does not belong in this genus. Hist.), London, vol. 3, pp. i-xx, 1-243, In my 1971 paper, I included Catophoe- figs. 1-18. nissa as a member of the Nacophorini, but Forbes, William T. M. in 1983, I transferred it to the Lithinini, stat- 1948. Lepidoptera of New York and neigh- The boring states. Part II. Mem. Cornell ing my supporting arguments. present Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta., no. 274, 263 pp., genus is one ofthe easiest to recognize in the 255 figs. Lithinini, due to the large size of the speci- Gumppenberg, C. Freigh. V. mens and by the brightly colored upper sur- 1892. Systema geometrarum zonae tempera- face ofthe hind wings. Incalvertiafumipennis tioris septentrionalis. Fiunfter Teil. Nova (Warren) is the only other known member of Acta Deutschen Akad. Naturf., Halle, the tribe to have orange hind wings; however, vol. 63, pp. 223-359. this species has simple male antennae, where- Hampson, G. F. as the males of Catophoenissa have pectinate 1896. The fauna of British India, including antennae. Additional differences are also Ceylon and Burma. London, Taylor and giv- Francis. Moths-vol. 4, pp. i-xxviii, 1- en in the Diagnoses, keys, and tables of the 594, figs. 1-287. two genera. Hiibner, Jacob 1806-[1819]. Sammlung Exotischer Schmet- LITERATURE CITED terlinge. Augsburg, vol. 1, pls. 1-213. Bourguignat, Jules Rene 1821. Index exoticorum Lepidopterorum. 1880. Etudes sur les fossiles tertiaires et quar- Augsburg, pp. [1-7]. ternaires de la vallee de la Cettina en 1816-[1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmett- Dalmatie. Saint-Germain, Imprimerie linge [sic]. Augsburg, pp. 1-431. D. Bardin, 55 pp. (Not seen.) Hulst, Geo. D. Bruce, David 1896. A classification ofGeometrina ofNorth 1887. Food plants of Geometridae with other America with descriptions of new gen- notes. Ent. Amer., vol. 3, pp. 47-50. era and species. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Butler, Arthur G. vol. 23, pp. 245-386, pls. 10, 11. 1882. Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected in Kimball, Charles P. Chili by Thomas Edmonds, Esq. Part 1965. The Lepidoptera ofFlorida. Arthropods III-Geometrites. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lon- of Florida and neighboring land areas. don, pp. 339-423, pl. 16. Gainesville, Florida, vol. 1, v + 363 1893. On a small collection of Lepidoptera pp., 26 pls. from Chili. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. Kitching, Ian J. 6, vol. 12, pp. 457-467. 1984. An historical review of the higher clas- 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 67

sification of the Noctuidae (Lepidop- 1975. A revision of the New World Bistonini tera). Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ent. (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Ibid., vol. Ser., vol. 49, pp. 153-234, figs. 1-4, ta- 156, pp. 69-156, figs. 1-110, table 1. bles 1-19. 1983. A generic revision of the New World McFarland, Noel Nacophorini (Lepidoptera, Geometri- 1975. Larval foodplantrecords for 106 species dae). Ibid., vol. 175, pp. 147-262, figs. of North American moths. Jour. Lepi- 1-124, tables 1-9. dopterists' Soc., vol. 29, pp. 112-125. 1985. A revision of the moth genus Acronyc- McGuffin, W. C. todes, with a review of the New World In press. Guide to the Geometridae of Canada Bistonini (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). (Lepidoptera). IL Subfamily Ennomi- Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 2807, pp. 1- nae. 4. Mem. Ent. Soc. Canada. 24, figs. 1-32, tables 1-4. Munz, Philip A. Rupert, Laurence R. 1973. A California flora. Univ. California 1949. Notes on the group of genera including Press, Berkeley, 1681 pp., 134 figs. Lozogramma Stephens and its allies. Orfila, Ricardo N., and Sergio Schajovskoy Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 51, pp. 1959. Geometridae (Lepidoptera) del Parque 137-151,pls. 11, 12. Nacional Lanin (Argentina). I. El genero Salkeld, E. H. Lacaria nov. Acta Zool. Lilloana, vol. 1983. A catalogue of the eggs of some Cana- 17, pp. 197-216, pl. 1, figs. 1-10 (adults), dian Geometridae (Lepidoptera), with pl. 1, figs. 1-10 (venation, genitalia). comments. Mem. Ent. Soc. Canada, no. "1959" [1960]. Geometridae (Lep.) del Parque 126, pp. 1-271, figs. 1-131. Nacional Lanin (Argentina). II. El ge- Sperry, John A. nera "Euclidiodes" olim (Ennominae). 1954. Neotropical Geometridae apparently Revista Soc. Ent. Argentina, vol. 22, pp. undescribed. Bull. So. California Acad. 7-33, figs. 1-17, pl. 1. Sci., vol. 53, pp. 69-74. 1963. Geometridae (Lep.) del Parque Nacio- Stephens, James Francis nal Lanin (Argentina). III. Generos y 1829. The nomenclature of British insects. especies nuevos de Ennominae. Physis, London, pp. 1-68. vol. 24, pp. 1-10, pls. 1-3. Sugden, B. A. 1964. Geometridae (Lepidoptera) del Parque 1968. Annotated list offorest insects ofBritish Nacional Lanin (Argentina). IV. Acta Columbia, XIV, Ennominae (Geomet- Zool. Lilloana, vol. 20, pp. 21-32, pl. ridae). Jour. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia, [1], figs. 1-5 (adults), figs. 1-7 (head, vol. 65, pp. 24-33. venation, genitalia). Tietz, Harrison Morton Packard, A. S., Jr. 1972. An index to the described life histories, 1876. A monograph of the geometrid moths early stages and hosts of the Macrolep- or Phalaenidae of the United States. In idoptera ofthe continental United States F. V. Hayden, Report of the United and Canada. Allyn Mus. Ent., Sarasota, States Geological Survey of the Terri- Florida, 2 vols., 1041 pp. tories. Washington, vol. 19, 607 pp., 12 Walker, Francis pls. 1860. List of the specimens of lepidopterous Prentice, R. M. (compiler) insects in the collection of the British 1963. Forest Lepidoptera of Canada. Publ. Museum. British Museum, London, pt. Canada Dept. Forestry, Forest Ent. Pa- 20, pp. 1-276. thol. Br., no. 1013, vol. 3, pp. 283-543, Warren, William figs. 164-337. 1894. New genera and species of Geometri- Rindge, Frederick H. dae. Novitates Zool., vol. 1, pp. 366- 1953. Synonymic notes on North American 466. Geometridae (Lepidoptera). Jour. New 1895. New species and genera ofGeometridae York Ent. Soc., vol. 61, pp. 141, 142. in the Tring Museum. Ibid., vol. 2, pp. 1971. A revision ofthe Nacophorini from cool 82-159. and cold temperate southern South 1908. Descriptions of new species of South America (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). American geometrid moths. Proc. U.S. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 145, Natl. Mus., vol. 34, pp. 91-1 10. pp. 303-392, figs. 1-114, table 1. 68 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838

INDEX Species-group names are listed with the author and original genus; the name following the semicolon is the genus in which the species is treated in this paper. Only the main references are listed. New taxa are printed in boldface type. Acauro, new genus, 46 Laneco, new genus, 61 agitata Butler, Heterophleps; Euclidiodes, 57 Lithina Hiibner, 8 Anthelia Hulst, 17 Lozogramma Stephens, 8 Apaecasia Hulst, 10 araucanaria and Schajovskoy, Lacaria; La- Martindoelloia Orfila and Schajovskoy, 33 Orfila monotonos, new species, Callemo, 33 caria, 43 monrosi Orfila and Schajovskoy, Lacaria; Laca- basiaria Walker, Ellopia; Gueneria, 14 ria, 44 Bistonini, 3, 4 morenoi Orfila and Schajovskoy, Franciscoia; butyrosa Butler, Lozogramma; Psilaspilates, 29 Franciscoia, 45 Callemo, new genus, 29 Nacophorini, 2, 3, 4 Calta, new genus, 49 Nucara, new genus, 40 Calvertia Warren, 63 Catophoenissa Warren, 64 Odontothera Butler, 25 catophoenissoides Angulo, Talca; Incalvertia, 64 ophiusina Butler, Heterophleps; Euclidiodes, 57 Catrielia Orfila and Schajovskoy, 55 orfilai, new species, Lacaria, 44 cavifasciata Butler, Panagra; Psilaspilates, 29 Ortholitha Hiibner, 8 chone, new species, Yapoma, 58 petraria Hiibner, Geometra; Petrophora, 10 Coironalia Orfila and Schajovskoy, 2 Petrophora Hiibner, 8 dalcahue, new species, Yalpa, 24 Philedia Hulst, 7 derance, new species, Siopla, 39 Proteopharmacis Warren, 25 detersata Guenee, Tephrina; Tacparia, 12 Psilaspilates Butler, 26 dibapha Felder and Rogenhofer, Epimecis; Cato- Psilaspilates Warren, 26 phoenissa, 66 Pucaraia Orfila and Schajovskoy, 2 divisata Hiibner, Petrophora; Petrophora, 10 punctomacularia Hulst, Cleora; Philedia, 8 new genus, 59 Duraglia, recurva, new species, Nucara, 41 Euclidiodes Warren, 55 rhaphis, new species, Guara, 38 fautaria Hulst, Thallophaga; Thallophaga, 19 rotundus, new species, Acauro, 48 formosa Orfila and Schajovskoy, Huechulafque- schajovskoyi Sperry, Casbia; Lacaria, 44 nia; Huechulafquenia, 55 similaria Walker, Acidalia; Gueneria, 14 Franciscoia Orfila and Schajovskoy, 44 Siopla, new genus, 38 fritillaria Guenee, Numeria; Homochlodes, 17 suffuscus, new species, Laneco, 62 fumipennis Warren, Calvertia; Incalvertia, 64 Tacparia Walker, 10 Guara, new genus, 36 taylorata Hulst, Anthelia; Thallophaga, 19 Gueneria Packard, 12 Thallophaga Hulst, 17 Homochlodes Hulst, 16 valdiviana Felder and Rogenhofer, Scotopteryx; Huechulafquenia Orfila and Schajovskoy, 53 Odontothera, 26 Incalvertia, replacement name, 63 virescens Butler, Odontathera; Odontothera, 26 juradoi Orfila and Schajovskoy, Martindoelloia; xanthe, new species, Duraglia, 60 Martindoelloia, 35 Yalpa, new genus, 22 Lacaria Orfila and Schajovskoy, 42 Yapoma, new genus, 57 Lacarini, 2 lamella, new species, Calta, 51 zalissaria Walker, Tacparia; Tacparia, 12