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Noqvitates PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y

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Noqvitates PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y AMERICAN MUSEUM Noqvitates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 2838, pp. 1-68, figs. 1-80, tables 1-6 February 26, 1986 Genenrc Descriptions of New World Lithinini (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) FREDERICK H. RINDGE' ABSTRACT The six genera ofLithinini from North America and Schajovskoy, 1959, is placed as a synonym of have been studied and described previously, but L. schajovskoyi (Sperry, 1954); as this leaves the practically nothing is known about the members former species that was incorrectly identified with- ofthis tribe from the remainder ofthe New World. out a name, Lacaria orfilai, new species, is pro- Moths from Chile and adjacent Argentina have posed for this taxon. been studied for this group, and a number of gen- Orfila and Schajovskoy, 1959, published the new era are defined. The following genera and their tribal name Lacarini. After studying the group, I type species (all described as new) are proposed: place the name Lacarini as ajunior subjective syn- Yalpa (Y. dalcahue), Callemo (C. monotonos), onym of Lithinini. Guara (G. rhaphis), Siopla (S. derance), Nucara All the genera included in this paper have some (N. recurva), Acauro (A. rotundus), Calta (C. la- of their diagnostic characters listed in several ta- mella), Yapoma (Y. chone), Duraglia (D. xanthe), bles, are fully described, and are separable by using and Laneco (L. suffuscus). The following generic the keys to the adults based on external mor- changes are proposed: Proteopharmacis Warren, phology and male genitalia. Illustrations for adults 1895, is placed as a junior subjective synonym of and genitalia of all the genera are included. Odontothera Butler, 1882; Catrielia Orfila and The difficulty with defining the Lithinini as a Schajovskoy, "1959" [1960], is placed as a junior monophyletic group, based on shared apomorphic subjective synonym of Euclidiodes Butler, 1895; characters ofthe adults, is discussed. It is suggested Incalvertia, replacement name and new status is that a careful analysis of the eggs, larvae, and pu- proposed for Calvertia Warren, 1908, not Bour- pae will have to be undertaken before any defin- guignat, 1880. itive characterization ofthe group can be obtained. On the specific level, Lacaria monrosi Orfila INTRODUCTION For a number of years, I have been work- into genera, and then grouping the genera into ing on curating the extensive collection of possible tribal units. There is an almost com- Ennominae (Geometridae) from Chile in the plete lack of literature on the tribes or tribal collection of the American Museum of Nat- classification ofSouth American Ennominae; ural History. In addition to working with the the one exception is my recent paper on the specimens, genitalic dissections ofboth sexes Nacophorini (Rindge, 1983). While doing this were made; these dissections usually served curatorial work, it became evident that a sig- as the primary means of placing the species nificant part of the Chilean fauna on which I Curator, Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History. Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 1986 ISSN 0003-0082 / Price $5.65 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2838 I was working included a group of usually vided the systematic portion of this paper slender-bodied moths, the male genitalia of into two sections based on these geographical which have an anellus with a paired process. areas. Nothing is included from most ofMex- This latter structure is usually present in the ico, Central America, or from South America thicker bodied Nacophorini, but the two outside the specified area. The reason for this groups were apparently different. As this tremendous geographical gap is that we sim- aroused my curiosity, I decided to study and ply do not know enough about the Neotrop- attempt a generic classification ofthe slender- ical geometrids to place the great majority of bodied group; the present paper is the result. the described (and undescribed) genera into As my studies progressed, it became evi- their appropriate tribes. The species are so dent that these moths from Chile and adja- numerous that it is not practical to dissect cent Argentina should be placed in the tribe and study the genitalia of a significant num- Lithinini; this group is represented in North ber in a relatively short period of time. The America by six genera, with at least one being included members of this tribe have such a Holarctic in distribution. The North Amer- varied habitus that normally you do not get ican genera are relatively well known, as they any help or clues as to the possible members have been treated by Forbes (1948), Rupert from this aspect. I fully realize that it is highly (1949), and McGuffin (in press). Some work probable that the Lithinini do occur in trop- has been done on the Andean fauna of Ar- ical America and that, by not including them, gentina by Orfila and Schajovskoy (1959, my paper cannot be considered revisionary. "1959" [1960], 1963, 1964). These two au- But that was never my intent; all I am trying thors proposed the new tribal name Lacarini to do is to establish the presence of the tribe (1959, p. 198) for Lacaria, with additional in the Southern Hemisphere, and to define genera described in subsequent papers. In some of the genera that occur in Chile and their second paper, Orfila and Schajovskoy Argentina. This will give future workers a ("1959" [1960]) redescribed Euclidiodes basis on which to build, which is my other Warren, proposed Catrielia as new (placed objective. as a synonym of Euclidiodes in the present paper), redescribed Proteopharmacis Warren ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (placed as a synonym of Odontothera Butler I acknowledge with thanks the cooperation in the present paper), and named as new Coi- and aid of Mr. D. S. Fletcher of the Depart- ronalia (probably a member of the Ourap- ment of Entomology, British Museum (Nat- terygini) and Pucaraia (perhaps a member of ural History), and Dr. D. C. Ferguson of the the Nacophorini, although I did not include United States National Museum, Smithson- it in my 1983 revision; more study is needed ian Institution, who supplied me with iden- but moths are now at hand so this can be tified specimens, photographs, and the an- done). Two additional genera were named in swers to numerous questions. All of the their 1963 paper, and another one in 1964, specimens illustrated are from the collection which I am including in this paper. Orfila and ofthe American Museum ofNatural History Schajovskoy gave as a diagnostic character (AMNH). for the Lacarini the fact that its members I also thank Mr. Juan C. Barberis, of the have lamellate-ciliate male antennae, where- Department ofGraphics, American Museum as the males ofthe allied Lithinini have sim- of Natural History, for preparing the geni- ple and prismatic antennae. Now that more talic drawings from my preliminary sketches, genera have been studied, together with many and for mounting all the figures. The adults more anatomical characters, I find that the were photographed by the author. supposed distinction between the two groups Drs. W. C. McGuffin (Research Associate, melts away and the two are indistinguishable. Biosystematics Research Institute, Agricul- Accordingly, I am placing the name Lacarini ture Canada, Ottawa), L. H. Herman, and R. as a junior subjective synonym of Lithinini. T. Schuh (Department of Entomology, My study is centered in North America and AMNH) have reviewed the manuscript and Chile and, to a lesser degree, adjacent Argen- have made valuable suggestions concerning tina. For the sake of convenience, I have di- it, for which I am most grateful. 1986 RINDGE: NEW WORLD LITHININI 3 TABLE 1 Nature of External Characters in the Lithinini Plesiomorphic state Apomorphic state 1. Male antennae Bipectinate or laminate Serrate or simple 2. Length of palpi Shorter than length of eye As long as, or longer than, length of eye 3. Scaling on ventral portion of front Same as on upper part Elongate or forming tuft 4. Row of setae ventrally on third seg- Absent Present (sometimes deciduous) ment of male abdomen 5. Hair pencil on male hind tibia Absent - Present 6. Number of accessory cells in forewing None One, rarely two MATERIALS AND METHODS states was found in the Nacophorini, where I utilized 13 characters on the external por- The data in this paper are based almost tions of the adults, 11 for the male genitalia, entirely on the extensive geometrid collection and 8 for the female genitalia (1983, tables of the American Museum of Natural His- 1-6). In the Bistonini the corresponding fig- tory. As one of my aims is to determine ge- neric limits, I have not borrowed as exten- TABLE 2 sively as when I require complete revisionary Presence or Absence of External Characters data for every species in each genus. By using Numbers at tops of columns are those of this method it is probable that a number of Table 1. interesting and valuable species and genera have been overlooked; considering the cha- 1 2 3 4 5 6 otic state of our knowledge ofthe New World Section 1 were Ennominae, it would be surprising ifthis Gueneria + - - + + + not so. When specific revisions are made for Homochlodes + - - + + + the South American genera reported in this Petrophora + - - + + ± paper, it may become necessary to alter the Philedia - - - + + + descriptions as they are given herein; this, Tacparia + - - + + + too, is to be expected. When studying the Thallophaga + + + - + + specimens presented herein, I not only dis- Section 2 sected and slide-mounted (in Canadian bal- Acauro + - - + + - sam) the genitalic structures, but also cleared Callemo + + - - - + and mounted at least one antenna and a com- Calta - + - - + + plete set oflegs ofboth sexes of every species Catophoenissa - - - - + + available to assure that no valuable charac- Duraglia + + - - + ters were missed; however, in some cases this Euclidiodes + + + + + was not possible due to lack of material or Franciscoia + - + - + Guara + + + - - + poor condition.
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